DE102012202517B4 - Two-phase paint coating and method for coating a substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

Lacquer coating, comprising a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase on the surface of the lacquer coating, wherein the lacquer coating is or can be produced from an emulsion, wherein (i) the hydrophobic phase or (ii) the hydrophilic phase, the outer phase (3) and each other phase have formed the inner phase (1), and the difference in the water edge angle of the materials of the two phases in the paint coating is ≥ 15 °, preferably ≥ 20 °, more preferably ≥ 25 ° and particularly preferably ≥ 30 °, and wherein the material is inner phase (1) has formed islands in the lacquer coating which have an average surface area of 200-2000 µm ² , preferably 250-1800 µm ² and particularly preferably 300-1500 µm ² , based on the surface of the lacquer coating.

Description

The invention relates to a lacquer coating comprising a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic phase on its surface, the use of this lacquer coating to reduce the formation of frost on a surface and to reduce the adherence of organisms to a surface. It also relates to a method for coating a substrate with a corresponding lacquer coating.

The production of surfaces with a sufficiently defined distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures in the micro- and nanograd range is a problem which has not yet been completely solved, although there are a multitude of possible uses for correspondingly coated surfaces.

For example, the formation of ice on surfaces could be prevented or reduced. This is particularly interesting in transportation, for example for airplanes, cars, rail vehicles, but also for cooling devices, wind turbines and overhead lines, bridges and antennas. The adherence of microorganisms that attack surfaces could also be reduced. This is particularly interesting for surfaces that regularly or permanently come into contact with water. By preventing organisms and especially microorganisms from sticking, the degradation of the surfaces, e.g. Ship colors, reduced. One also speaks of anti-fouling layers or an improvement in fouling behavior.

A variety of methods are currently used to create appropriately structured surfaces:

LASER STRUCTURE

In laser structuring, surfaces are subsequently treated with a laser beam in order to remove defined parts of the surface. The high-energy radiation decomposes, for example, organic components of a coating, as a result of which surfaces previously covered with hydrophobic polymers acquire hydrophilic properties. However, this method has the disadvantage that only spot sizes in the micrometer range can be generated. Smaller structure sizes are currently not possible. In addition, only small areas (in the square centimeter range) can be structured in an economically sensible manner using laser technology, since a high level of equipment is required.

STRUCTURING WITH NANOPARTICLES

The use of hydrophilic nanoparticles in hydrophobic coating materials can also lead to hydrophilic / hydrophobic structured surfaces. Corresponding hydrophilic nanoparticles can be introduced into other paint components and should form hydrophilic areas on a surface after the coating has hardened. The disadvantage of this structuring method is the very undefined formation of the hydrophilic areas. In addition, the nanoparticles are partially or completely surrounded by binders, so that even if they are close to the surface, their hydrophilic properties do not actually have any effect. Difficult structures can also be formed.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY

Photolithography is a lithographic reproduction process in which patterns are applied to materials by means of exposure. In semiconductor technology and other related areas such as microsystem technology, photolithography is used to structure masking. Structural information is transferred from a so-called photo mask to a photoresist. The photoresist itself is previously applied to a substrate by spin coating or other suitable methods. After exposure and development of the latent image, the structure information can be transferred to an underlying layer. The photoresist is then removed again. This very complex structuring process is not suitable for the production of large-area coatings, because, firstly, the technology cannot be used economically for such an application, and secondly, there are durable layers that can be used under extreme conditions, e.g. are resistant to ice formation or under the influence of sea water, cannot be produced with this process.

US 6,337,129 B1 describes an antifouling coating that has a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion in a microscopic dispersion on the surface. The hydrophobic part exists For example, from a water-repellent fluoropolymer, and the hydrophilic portion is silicone or a silicone resin that is (reversibly) "hydrophilized" by reaction with a photocatalytic oxide. By irradiating light, adjacent areas with hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties are produced on the surface of the coating. This can prevent the deposition of both hydrophobic substances and hydrophilic substances on the coating.

In JP 2005 154 520 A describes a surface structure which has hydrophilic areas based on hydrophilic particles and hydrophobic areas, as a result of which the adhesion of impurities is minimized.

DE 60 2004 013 041 T2 relates to a coating composition with an aqueous film-forming polymer dispersion and a polyether silicone. The resulting coating has a strong hydrophilicity and serves to hydrophilize hydrophobic surfaces.

Against this background, it was an object of the present invention to provide a coating which can be applied using customary methods and which can also be applied economically in a large area and in which the ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas can be controlled well. This coating should preferably improve the so-called fouling behavior for a large number of materials (substrates), that is to say reduce the degradation by organisms and / or contribute to reducing the formation of frost on surfaces.

This object is achieved by a lacquer coating comprising a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase on the surface of the lacquer coating, the lacquer coating being or being able to be produced from an emulsion, with (i) the hydrophobic phase or (ii) the hydrophilic phase the outer phase and the other phase has formed the inner phase, and the difference in the water edge angle of the materials of the two phases in the paint coating is ≥ 15 °, preferably ≥ 20 °, more preferably ≥ 25 ° and particularly preferably ≥ 30 °, and wherein the material of the inner phase (1) has formed islands in the lacquer coating which have an average surface area of 200-2000 µm ² , preferably 250-1800 µm ² and particularly preferably 300-1500 µm ² , based on the surface of the lacquer coating.

In the sense of the present text, a varnish coating is a varnish applied to a substrate. This paint is preferably cured. For the purposes of this invention, “lacquer” is preferably a mixture of compounds, as in FIG DIN EN 971-1 described as paint.

The paint coating according to the invention comprises a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase. According to the invention, these two phases differ by a difference in the water edge angle. The terms “hydrophobic” and “hydrophilic” are to be understood in a first approximation as a relative term in the sense of this text: the hydrophobic phase within the lacquer coating according to the invention is that phase which has a larger water contact angle than the other, thus hydrophilic phase. However, it is preferred that the hydrophobic phase has a water contact angle of> 90 ° and the hydrophilic phase has a water contact angle of <90 °. In case of doubt, the water contact angles for the individual phases are determined separately for the respective material. The preferred method of determination is given in Example 1. The separate determination is made because the areas of the individual phases are relatively small under the conditions of the present lacquer coating according to the invention, so that a determination in situ is often difficult. Therefore, in the sense of this application, the water edge angle of the pure materials of the respective phase must be determined in case of doubt.

According to the invention, the lacquer coating is made or can be produced from an emulsion. This means that two immiscible materials or material compositions are brought into emulsion. An emulsion consists of an outer phase, which is also called a continuous phase, and an inner phase, which is also called a disperse phase. The inner phase forms droplets that float in the outer phase.

The lacquer coating according to the invention is a quasi “frozen” emulsion. It is possible according to the invention that both the hydrophobic phase and the hydrophilic phase form the outer phase or the inner phase. The approach of providing a lacquer coating in the sense of a "frozen emulsion" is therefore basically independent of whether the hydrophobic phase is the inner phase or the outer phase.

It has surprisingly been found in the invention that it is possible to harden paint emulsions in such a way that the original emulsion distribution, in particular also on the surface of the Lacquer remains present. For the purposes of this invention, the surface is preferably to be understood as the side of the lacquer coating facing away from the substrate.

Surprisingly, it is technically relatively easy to control the topographies of the surface of the lacquer coating. The topography is to be understood here in particular as the surface distribution between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phase (in the actual sense between the inner and outer phase of the emulsion coating, whereby these terms should also apply to the cured version), but also surveys that result from the inner phase of the surface structure in three dimensions.

The inner phase preferably rises above the average level of the outer phase on the surface by 10 10 nm, preferably 20 20 nm, more preferably 25 25 nm. What is meant by the elevation is the average level of the highest peak of the individual phases formed by the inner phases Islands on the surface of the paint coating mentioned.

It has been shown that paint coatings with corresponding hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases on the surface can very well reduce the adherence of ice and / or microorganisms to the corresponding substrate surfaces. Without being bound by any theory, this can be attributed to the fact that the different areas with regard to hydrophobicity / hydrophilicity make it significantly more difficult for the corresponding microorganisms / ice crystal (surfaces) to adhere uniformly. In addition, topography training that can be provided by elevating the inner phase against the level of the outer phase can enhance this effect.

• - Materialauswahl: Durch eine geeignete Materialauswahl für die jeweiligen äußeren und inneren Phasen ist es ihm möglich, das System an den gewünschten Zweck anzupassen.
• - Durch die Dispergierungsqualität und/oder -geschwindigkeit kann der Fachmann vor, beim oder nach dem Auftrag auf das zu beschichtende Substrat eine Steuerungsgröße vorsehen, mittels derer die spätere „Inselgröße“ der durch die innere Phase gebildeten Inseln beeinflusst wird. Eine hohe Dispergierung führt dabei tendenziell zu kleineren Inseln, da so die Tröpfchen in Emulsion kleiner sind.
• - Aushärtgeschwindigkeit: Über die Aushärtgeschwindigkeit ist der Fachmann ebenfalls in der Lage, das System zu steuern. Bei einer schnellen Aushärtung wird die Emulsion verhältnismäßig homogen eingefroren, so dass die dann eingestellten Tröpfchengrößen gut erhalten bleiben. Zur Beeinflussung der Härtungsgeschwindigkeit stehen dem Fachmann eine Vielzahl von Materialien zur Verfügung. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass wenigstens die äußere Phase der erfindungsgemäßen Lackbeschichtung härtbar oder gehärtet ist mittels UV-Licht. Hier stehen besonders viele und gut aufeinander abgestimmte Materialien zur Verfügung, die zur Beeinflussung der Aushärtgeschwindigkeit verwendet werden können. Grundsätzlich kann aber auch mittels Licht der Wellenlänge im sichtbaren Bereich oder per Elektronenstrahlen ausgehärtet werden.
• - Temperatur: Durch die Steuerung der Temperatur während des Aushärtens ist der Fachmannn in der Lage, die Aushärtgeschwindigkeit zu beeinflussen. Dabei können hohe Temperaturen tendenziell ein schnelleres Aushärten gewährleisten und führen tendenziell zu größeren Inseln (flächenmäßig).
• - Durch geeignete Auswahl der Standzeit, die zwischen Dispergieren und dem Beginn des Aushärtens gewählt wird, kann der Fachmann die Größe der „Inseln“ der inneren Phase beeinflussen. So wird eine längere Standzeit zu tendenziell größeren Bereichen der inneren Phase führen, während eine kurze Standzeit viele kleine Inseln der inneren Phase an der Oberfläche der erfindungsgemäßen Lackbeschichtung gewährleisten wird.
• - Menge der eingesetzten Emulsionsbestandteile: Auch über die Menge der eingesetzten Emulsionsbestandteile ist der Fachmann in der Lage, die Eigenschaften seines Systems zu steuern. Falls beispielsweise das Anhaften hauptsächlich hydrophiler Materialien verhindert bzw. verringert werden soll, wird er einen höheren Anteil an hydrophober Phase vorsehen, gegebenenfalls sogar die hydrophobe Phase als äußere Phase vorsehen.

It has been shown that the paint coating according to the invention can be adapted outstandingly and easily to the desired requirements. The specialist has the following control options in particular:

• - Material selection: By selecting a suitable material for the respective outer and inner phases, it is possible for him to adapt the system to the desired purpose.
• Due to the dispersion quality and / or speed, the person skilled in the art can provide a control variable before, during or after the application to the substrate to be coated, by means of which the subsequent “island size” of the islands formed by the inner phase is influenced. A high dispersion tends to lead to smaller islands, because the droplets in the emulsion are smaller.
• - Curing speed: The person skilled in the art is also able to control the system via the curing speed. In the case of rapid curing, the emulsion is frozen relatively homogeneously, so that the droplet sizes that are then set are retained well. A large number of materials are available to the person skilled in the art to influence the curing rate. In this context, it is particularly preferred that at least the outer phase of the lacquer coating according to the invention is curable or hardened by means of UV light. A particularly large number of well-coordinated materials are available here that can be used to influence the curing speed. Basically, however, it can also be cured by means of light of the wavelength in the visible range or by means of electron beams.
• - Temperature: By controlling the temperature during curing, the skilled person is able to influence the curing speed. High temperatures tend to ensure faster curing and tend to lead to larger islands (in terms of area).
• - By appropriately selecting the service life, which is chosen between dispersing and the start of curing, the person skilled in the art can influence the size of the “islands” of the inner phase. A longer service life will tend to result in larger areas of the inner phase, while a short service life will ensure many small islands of the inner phase on the surface of the paint coating according to the invention.
• - Amount of emulsion components used: The person skilled in the art is also able to control the properties of his system via the amount of emulsion components used. If, for example, the adherence of mainly hydrophilic materials is to be prevented or reduced, he will provide a higher proportion of the hydrophobic phase, possibly even provide the hydrophobic phase as the outer phase.

An advantage of the lacquer coating according to the invention can thus be seen that it is possible to produce structured surfaces in a very defined manner. In principle, every distribution and island size can be set. As a result, the paint coatings according to the invention can be used for a large number of applications. In addition, they can be produced inexpensively using relatively simple methods and in terms of both equipment and materials.

It is technically relatively easy to distinguish the inner and outer phases from one another, since there are sharp material boundaries between the inner and outer phases due to the starting emulsion. Preferred methods for distinguishing the phases from one another are light-microscopic approaches, whereby in case of doubt and thus very preferably XPS (EDX) analyzes are to be used, by means of which the phase boundaries can be clearly recognized. The topography (material distribution) can thus be reliably determined with a flat EDX analysis.

At the same time, the preferred EDX analysis in particular also provides information about the material compositions of the individual phases.

According to the invention, a paint coating according to the invention, the material of the inner phase having formed islands in the paint coating which have an average surface area of 200-2000 µm ² , preferably 250-1800 µm ² and particularly preferably 300-1500 µm ² , based on the Surface of the paint coating.

For the purposes of this application, the surface to be considered is in each case the surface which can be seen from a perspective perpendicular to the surface coated. Thus, "gains in area" that arise due to three-dimensional structuring are not taken into account. This is what is meant by the phrase "based on the surface of the paint coating" in the sense of this text.

The average island sizes are to be used for the area determinations. In case of doubt, the average island size is determined on an area of 10x10 cm.

It has been found that islands in the sizes according to the invention have particularly good effects in reducing the adhesion of a large number of materials, but in particular in the case of microorganisms and ice crystals.

It is preferred according to the invention for many applications that the hydrophobic phase is the outer phase in the coating according to the invention.

Preferred materials for the hydrophobic phase are silicones, silicone copolymers and fluorine-modified organic polymers.

For a number of applications, it is preferred according to the invention that the hydrophilic phase is the outer phase.

Preferred materials for the hydrophilic phase are polyurethanes, acrylates, polyesters, polyethers, epoxy resins, formaldehyde condensation resins and aldehyde resins.

A coating according to the invention has proven to be particularly effective, the hydrophilic phase having a water contact angle of 80 80 ° and / or the hydrophobic phase having a water contact angle of 100 100 °.

The effects according to the invention can be used particularly well by setting the corresponding hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity.

A lacquer coating according to the invention is preferred, at least the outer phase having been cured using a photocrosslinker and / or a crosslinking initiator.

By selecting the appropriate photo crosslinker and / or the crosslinking initiator, it is particularly well possible to control the crosslinking speed and the crosslinking behavior when at least the outer phase cures. However, it is particularly preferred according to the invention to also provide a corresponding control for the inner phase.

A paint coating according to the invention is preferred, the area ratio based on the surface of the paint coating of the outer to the inner phase being 90:10 to 40:60, preferably 80:20 to 50:50, more preferably 75:25 to 60:40.

The effects according to the invention can be exploited particularly well by means of these phase relationships.

The value of the surface tension is reciprocal to the water edge angle. It is therefore preferred according to the invention to also control the surface tensions, in particular through the choice of material for the individual phases. It is therefore preferred according to the invention to use a lacquer coating according to the invention, the surface tensions of the outer and inner phases having a difference of ≥ 15 mN / m, preferably 17 17.5 mN / m and more preferably 20 20 mN / m.

The surface tension is preferably measured using the method described in Example 2.

It is further preferred that the surface tension of the hydrophobic phase is Lack 20 mN / m in the lacquer coating according to the invention.

With these surface tension ranges in the hydrophobic phases, the effects of the reduction in adhesion according to the invention can be used particularly well for many substances.

According to the above, part of the invention is also the use of a lacquer coating according to the invention to reduce the formation of frost on a surface.

Also part of the invention is the use of a lacquer coating according to the invention to reduce the adherence of organisms, in particular microorganisms, to a surface.

1. a) Bereitstellen von flüssigem Lackmaterial für eine äußere Phase einer Emulsion,
2. b) Bereitstellen von flüssigem Lackmaterial für eine innere Phase einer Emulsion,
3. c) Emulgieren der in Schritt a) und b) bereitgestellten Materialien,
4. d) Auftragen der Materialien auf wenigstens Teile der Oberfläche des Substrates und
5. e) Aushärten wenigstens der äußeren Phase.

Part of the invention is also a method for coating a substrate with a lacquer coating according to the invention, comprising the steps:

1. a) providing liquid coating material for an outer phase of an emulsion,
2. b) providing liquid paint material for an inner phase of an emulsion,
3. c) emulsifying the materials provided in step a) and b),
4. d) applying the materials to at least parts of the surface of the substrate and
5. e) curing at least the outer phase.

The lacquer coatings according to the invention can be produced effectively by means of this method according to the invention.

A method according to the invention is particularly preferred, the curing taking place under the influence of light, preferably UV light. As already indicated above, the light, in particular UV light curing, is particularly easy to control.

• 1 stellt schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Lackbeschichtung dar. Dabei bedeuten die Bezugszeichen 1 innere Phase, 3 äußere Phase.
• 2 stellt die Ergebnisse des Bewuchsschutztests (Beispiel 4) dar.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples and figures.

• 1 schematically represents a paint coating according to the invention. The reference numerals mean 1 inner phase, 3 outer phase.
• 2nd represents the results of the fouling protection test (example 4).

Examples

example 1

Determination of the water edge angle

The contact angle or water edge angle is determined using the Contac angel messuring G2 contact angle measuring device from Krüss. A drop of water is placed on the surface of the sample and observed and recorded using a camera. Appropriate software can be used to determine the contact angle using the tangent method.

Example 2

Determination of the surface tension

The contact angle is determined by two further test liquids, as in the water contact angle determination, preferably diiodomethane and ethylene glycol. The Zisman Plot can then be used to determine the surface tension. (For further information, see also http://www.kruss.de/de/theorie/lösungen/kontaktwinkel/vergleich-des-kontaktwinkels.html).

Example 3

Coating with anti-ice effect

Chemicals

• Ebecryl 1290 urethane acrylate (Rahn Chemie)
• Albiflex 544 (Nanoresins)
• Irgacure 754 (BASF Ciba)
• Irgacure 819 (BASF Ciba)
• HDDA (1,6-hexanediol diacrylate) (Sigma Aldrich)

(Manufacturer information in brackets)

Formulation

Table 1 raw materials Mass percent [%] Ebecryl 1290 Cytec 68.29 Albiflex XP 544 nanoresins 29.27 Initiator solution (according to table 2) 2.44 100.00

Initiator solution:

Table 2 raw materials Mass percent [%] HDDA 80 Irgacure 754 12th Irgacure 819 8th 100

Test execution

Ebecryl 1290 and Albiflex 544 are introduced one after the other, followed by the addition of the initiators, which were previously dissolved in HDDA. In order to achieve a homogenization of the coating solution, this was placed in the speed mixer (Hauschild engineering, model DAC 800 FVZ) (program 16, 4 minutes). After the time had elapsed, the solution was applied to a metallic substrate using a doctor blade (30 µm) and immediately cured by UV radiation (2 minutes in a UV cube).

Maturity test

• Luftfeuchtigkeit 88%
• Lufttemperatur 1°C

The coating was tested for its tire behavior in an ice chamber. First the uncoated substrate was brought into the ice chamber and the following parameters were set:

• Humidity 88%
• Air temperature 1 ° C

The cryostat temperature (-7 ° C) was chosen so that the substrate temperature is -3.5 ° C, which occurs within 1.5 hours. This ensured that the coating to be tested reached a temperature of -2 ° C within the test time of 20 minutes.

After 1.5 hours the substrate was removed from the chamber and the coated sample tested. The sample stayed in the ice chamber for 20 minutes. After this time, visual documentation was carried out using a camera. In addition, the frost layer thickness was measured with a measuring comb and the frost adhesion determined using a scratch tester.

As a result, it can be determined that a clear reduction in the ripening adhesion and the ripening thickness was observed compared to the uncoated substrate. While the uncoated substrate had a frost thickness of 500 μm after the test and showed a frost adhesion strength of 2 to 3 determined by means of the scratch tester, there was a frost layer of only 0 to 175 μm thickness with a frost adhesion strength of 1 after the scratch test on the substrate coated according to the invention available. This demonstrates the positive effect of the coating according to the invention in terms of reducing the adherence of ice.

Example 4

Anti-fouling effect

Recipe (paint coating according to the invention)

Table 3 Commodity name supplier Type of raw material % By weight Desmophen 800 Bayer Solvent-free saturated polyester resin (200g / mol) 16 Desmodur N 100 Bayer Solvent-free aliphatic polyisocyanate resin (191g / mol) 21.4 DBTL (1% solution in HDDA) VWR Dibutyltin dilaurate 1 Ebecryl 1290 Cytec Hexafunctional aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer 25th HDDA Bergolin Hexanediol diacrylate 15 Irgacure 184 Ciba Photoinitiator 1 Irgacure 754 Ciba Photoinitiator 0.6 Albiflex 544 Nano Resins Epoxy silicone copolymer diacrylate 20th total 100

exam

Carrier plates measuring 10 × 10 cm were coated. For this purpose, the materials of the formulation according to Table 3 (according to the invention) were converted into a suspension in a speed mixer as used in Example 3 for 10 minutes at a speed of 2,200 rpm. An application by pneumatic spraying followed immediately afterwards. After a standing time of 5 minutes, UV curing for 2 minutes as described in Example 3. A comparative sample was coated analogously with the recipe of the reference system (see Table 4). Both samples were outsourced off Norderney (North Sea) in the port region. At certain intervals, the surface was examined for vegetation and the vegetation-free surface was determined. A normal polyurethane coating (see Table 4) without anti-fouling properties was used as a reference system.

Recipe reference system

Table 4 Commodity name supplier Type of raw material % By weight Desmophen 800 Bayer Solvent-free saturated polyester resin (200g / mol) 33.8 Desmodur N 100 Bayer Solvent-free aliphatic polyisocyanate resin (191g / mol) 33.8 DBTL (1% solution in HDDA) Sigma Aldrich Dibutyltin dilaurate 1.5 Butyl acetate Sigma Aldrich 30.8 total 100.0

In the 2nd the results of the growth test are given. It can clearly be seen that the coating according to the invention showed a significantly higher vegetation-free surface. In particular from a point in time of approx. 20 days, clear differences can be seen compared to the maturity difference.

Example 5

Surface tension difference between the domains (islands / inner phase) and the outer phase

materials

Outer phase

Table 5 raw materials RZ 100 Ebecryl 1290 97.97 Irgacure 754 1.3 Irgacure 500 0.75 total 100

Inner phase (domains)

Table 6 raw materials RZ 100 Albiflex 712 97.97 Irgacure 754 1.3 Irgacure 500 0.75 total 100

• Domaine (innere Phase) (Albiflex 712)
• Kontaktwinkel gegen Wasser (Wasserrandwinkel) 100,1° und
• Oberflächenspannung σ: 18,34 mN/m
• Äußere Phase (Ebecryl 1290)
• Kontaktwinkel gegen Wasser (Wasserrandwinkel) 80° und
• Oberflächenspannung σ: 38,80 mN/m
• (Oberflächenspannung und Wasserrandwinkel wurden gemäß Beispiel 2 bzw. Beispiel 1 bestimmt).

(For further information on the materials see example 3)

• Domaine (inner phase) (Albiflex 712)
• Contact angle against water (water edge angle) 100.1 ° and
• Surface tension σ: 18.34 mN / m
• Outer phase (Ebecryl 1290)
• Contact angle against water (water edge angle) 80 ° and
• Surface tension σ: 38.80 mN / m
• (Surface tension and water contact angle were determined according to Example 2 and Example 1, respectively).

The surface tension difference in the range of Δ 20 mN / m shows very good optimal effect formation.

The layers made from the materials mentioned are flexible and show all mechanical properties of a coating for outdoor use.

Claims (13)

Lacquer coating, comprising a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase on the surface of the lacquer coating, wherein the lacquer coating is or can be produced from an emulsion, wherein (i) the hydrophobic phase or (ii) the hydrophilic phase, the outer phase (3) and each other phase have formed the inner phase (1), and the difference in the water edge angle of the materials of the two phases in the paint coating is ≥ 15 °, preferably ≥ 20 °, more preferably ≥ 25 ° and particularly preferably ≥ 30 °, and wherein the material is inner phase (1) has formed islands in the lacquer coating which have an average surface area of 200-2000 µm ² , preferably 250-1800 µm ² and particularly preferably 300-1500 µm ² , based on the surface of the lacquer coating. Paint coating after Claim 1 , at least the outer phase (3) being curable or hardened by means of UV light. Paint coating after Claim 1 or 2nd , the hydrophobic phase being the outer phase (3). Paint coating after Claim 1 or 2nd , wherein the hydrophilic phase is the outer phase (3). Paint coating according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrophilic phase has a water contact angle of ≤ 80 ° and / or the hydrophobic phase has a water contact angle of ≥ 100 °. Lacquer coating according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the outer phase (3) has been cured using a photocrosslinker and / or a crosslinking initiator. Paint coating according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the area ratio based on the surface of the paint coating of the outer (3) to the inner phase (1) 90:10 to 40:60, preferably 80:20 to 50:50, more preferably 75:25 to Is 60:40. Lacquer coating according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface tensions of the outer (3) and the inner phase (1) have a difference of ≥ 15 mN / m, preferably ≥ 17.5 mN / m and more preferably ≥ 20 mN / m, Paint coating according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface tension of the hydrophobic phase is ≤ 20 mN / m. Use of a paint coating according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 to reduce the formation of frost on a surface. Use of a paint coating according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 to reduce the adherence of organisms, especially microorganisms. Process for coating a substrate with a lacquer coating according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , comprising the steps: a) providing liquid lacquer material for an outer phase (3) of an emulsion, b) providing liquid lacquer material for an inner phase (1) of an emulsion, c) emulsifying the materials provided in step a) and b) , d) applying the materials to at least parts of the surface of the substrate and e) curing at least the outer (3) phase. Procedure according to Claim 12 , the curing taking place under the influence of light, preferably UV light.

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