DE102012016438A1 - Energy storage arrangement for motor vehicle, has rechargeable energy storage device with lithium-based storage element, and another rechargeable energy storage device in form of double layer capacitor - Google Patents

Energy storage arrangement for motor vehicle, has rechargeable energy storage device with lithium-based storage element, and another rechargeable energy storage device in form of double layer capacitor Download PDF

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DE102012016438A1
DE102012016438A1 DE201210016438 DE102012016438A DE102012016438A1 DE 102012016438 A1 DE102012016438 A1 DE 102012016438A1 DE 201210016438 DE201210016438 DE 201210016438 DE 102012016438 A DE102012016438 A DE 102012016438A DE 102012016438 A1 DE102012016438 A1 DE 102012016438A1
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energy storage
lithium
storage device
energy
storage
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Josef Winkler
Michael Wansner
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/66—Ambient conditions
    • B60L2240/662—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The energy storage arrangement (3) has a rechargeable energy storage device (8) with a lithium-based storage element (10), and another rechargeable energy storage device (9) in the form of a double layer capacitor (11), which is connected in parallel to the former energy storage device. The former energy storage device has a nominal charging between 30 ampere-hours and 50 ampere-hours. The internal resistance of the latter energy storage device is less than 5 milliohms at a temperature of minus 10 degrees Celsius. An independent claim is included for a motor vehicle with an on-board electrical system.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Energiespeicheranordnung, umfassend wenigstens einen wenigstens ein auf Lithium basierendes Speicherelement aufweisenden, wiederaufladbaren ersten Energiespeicher und einen wiederaufladbaren zweiten Energiespeicher in Form wenigstens eines Doppelschichtkondensators. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Energiespeicheranordnung.The invention relates to an energy storage arrangement comprising at least one rechargeable first energy store having at least one lithium-based storage element and a rechargeable second energy store in the form of at least one double-layer capacitor. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle with an energy storage arrangement.

Heutige Kraftfahrzeuge weisen zum überwiegenden Teil Bleibatterien als Bordnetzbatterien, beispielsweise als 12 V- oder 14 V-Bordnetzbatterien in Form mehrerer auf Blei basierender, auch als Zellen zu bezeichnender Speicherelemente auf. Die Bleibatterie hat unter anderem die Aufgaben die Startfähigkeit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs auch nach längerer Standzeit des Kraftfahrzeugs zu gewährleisten, die Startfähigkeit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs auch bei tiefen Temperaturen zu gewährleisten, bei Fahrzeugstillstand den Ruhestrom für die Steuergeräte des Kraftfahrzeugs zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dynamischen Bordnetzbelastungen die elektrische Energie bereitzustellen sowie durch Rekuperation gewonnene elektrische Energie zwischen zu speichern.Today's motor vehicles predominantly have lead-acid batteries as onboard power supply batteries, for example as 12 V or 14 V vehicle electrical system batteries in the form of a plurality of lead-based storage elements, also referred to as cells. Among other things, the lead battery has the tasks to ensure the starting capability of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle even after a long service life of the motor vehicle, to ensure the starting capability of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle even at low temperatures, to provide the quiescent current for the control units of the motor vehicle when the vehicle is at a standstill dynamic electrical system loads to provide the electrical energy as well as energy recovered by recuperation between store.

Bleibatterien sollen dabei zur Verlängerung deren Betriebsdauer nicht unter 50% SOC („State Of Charge”) entladen werden. In der Regel steht von der Nennladung einer Bleibatterie nur ein Bruchteil, z. B. ca. 40% zur Verfügung, um beispielsweise die vorstehend erwähnten Aufgaben zu erfüllen. So stellt eine Bleibatterie mit einer Nennladung von beispielsweise 80 Ah nur eine Ladung von ca. 30 Ah zur Verfügung. Bleibatterien müssen daher zumeist verhältnismäßig groß dimensioniert werden, was in unerwünschter Weise zu einem großen Gewicht der Bleibatterie führt.Lead-acid batteries should not be discharged below 50% SOC ("State Of Charge") to extend their service life. In general, of the nominal charge of a lead acid battery is only a fraction, z. B. about 40% available to meet, for example, the above-mentioned tasks. For example, a lead-acid battery with a nominal charge of, for example, 80 Ah only provides a charge of approx. 30 Ah. Lead batteries therefore usually have to be dimensioned relatively large, which undesirably leads to a large weight of the lead-acid battery.

Es wurde bereits in der CN 102 044 902 vorgeschlagen, an Stelle einer Bleibatterie eine Lithiumbatterie mit mehreren Lithiumzellen als Speicherelemente zu verwenden und der Lithiumbatterie einen Superkondensator parallel zu schalten.It was already in the CN 102 044 902 proposed to use instead of a lead acid battery, a lithium battery with multiple lithium cells as storage elements and the lithium battery to connect a supercapacitor in parallel.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Energiespeicheranordnung sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Energiespeicheranordnung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welche Energiespeicheranordnung ein vollwertiger Ersatz für eine Bleibatterie in einem Kraftfahrzeug ist.The invention has for its object to provide an energy storage device and a motor vehicle with an energy storage device of the type mentioned, which energy storage device is a full replacement for a lead acid battery in a motor vehicle.

Nach der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Energiespeicheranordnung, umfassend wenigstens einen wenigstens ein auf Lithium basierendes Speicherelement aufweisenden, wiederaufladbaren ersten Energiespeicher und einen zu dem ersten Energiespeicher parallel geschalteten wiederaufladbaren zweiten Energiespeicher in Form wenigstens eines Doppelschichtkondensators, wobei der erste Energiespeicher eine Nennladung zwischen 30 Ah und 50 Ah aufweist und der Innenwiderstand des zweiten Energiespeichers bei einer Temperatur von –10°C kleiner als 5 mΩ ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by an energy storage arrangement comprising at least one rechargeable first energy store having at least one lithium-based storage element and a rechargeable second energy store connected in parallel to the first energy store in the form of at least one double-layer capacitor, wherein the first energy store has a nominal charge of between 30 Ah and has 50 Ah and the internal resistance of the second energy storage at a temperature of -10 ° C is less than 5 mΩ.

Der auf Lithium basierende Speicherelemente aufweisende erste Energiespeicher darf in einem SOC-Bereich von ca. 10% bis 90% betrieben werden, so dass bis zu 90% der Nennladung des ersten Energiespeichers für Batteriefunktionen, wie sie in einem Kraftfahrzeug benötigt werden, zur Verfügung steht. Allerdings steigt der Innenwiderstand der Lithium aufweisenden Speicherelemente des ersten Energiespeichers bei Minustemperaturen gemessen in C° stark an, was sich insbesondere negativ auf die Kaltstartfähigkeit des ersten Energiespeichers auswirkt. Dem könnte durch eine Steigerung der Anzahl der Lithium aufweisenden Speicherelemente entgegengewirkt werden, womit allerdings ein größeres Gewicht des ersten Energiespeichers einhergeht. Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung wird daher dem ersten Energiespeicher stattdessen ein zweiter Energiespeicher in Form wenigstens eines Doppelschichtkondensators elektrisch parallel geschaltet, der einen Innenwiderstand bei einer Temperatur von –10°C kleiner als 5 mΩ aufweist.The lithium-based storage elements having first energy storage device may be operated in an SOC range of about 10% to 90%, so that up to 90% of the rated charge of the first energy storage for battery functions, as required in a motor vehicle is available , However, the internal resistance of the lithium-containing storage elements of the first energy storage increases at minus temperatures measured in C ° strongly, which in particular has a negative effect on the cold start capability of the first energy storage. This could be counteracted by an increase in the number of lithium-containing memory elements, which, however, a greater weight of the first energy storage is associated. According to the present invention, therefore, a second energy store in the form of at least one double-layer capacitor is electrically connected in parallel instead of the first energy store, which has an internal resistance at a temperature of -10 ° C less than 5 mΩ.

Der Doppelschichtkondensator übernimmt dabei unter anderem die Funktion, die Startfähigkeit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere auch bei tiefen Temperaturen zu gewährleisten, da der Innenwiderstand des Doppelschichtkondensators auch bei niedrigen Temperaturen gering ist. Dies wiederum ermöglicht es, den ersten Energiespeicher mit einer Nennladung von nur 30 Ah bis 50 Ah auszuführen, wodurch nur wenige auf Lithium basierende Speicherelemente für den ersten Energiespeicher benötigt werden und die Energiespeicheranordnung an sich verhältnismäßig leicht ausgeführt werden kann. Dieser Nennladungsbereich ist in Anhängigkeit vom Typ und von der Leistung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs normalerweise nicht ausreichend, um die Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere unter ungünstigen Bedingungen, wie Temperaturen bis –25 C°, zu starten. Beispielsweise benötigt man zum Starten eines sechs Zylinder aufweisenden Dieselmotors bei –25 C° mit derzeit verfügbaren Lithiumzellen eine Nennladung des Lithiumzellen umfassenden ersten Energiespeichers von ca. 70 Ah, wodurch der erste Energiespeicher verhältnismäßig schwer würde. Durch den erwähnten Doppelschichtkondensator mit dem niedrigen Innenwiderstand, kann auch für den in Rede stehenden Dieselmotor die Nennladung des Lithiumzellen aufweisenden ersten Energiespeichers zwischen 30 Ah und 50 Ah begrenzt werden. Während der erste Energiespeicher unter anderem die Ruhestromversorgung des Kraftfahrzeugs sichert, gewährleistet der zweite Energiespeicher unter anderem die Kaltstartfähigkeit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs.Among other things, the double-layer capacitor has the function of ensuring the starting capability of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle, in particular even at low temperatures, since the internal resistance of the double-layer capacitor is low even at low temperatures. This in turn makes it possible to carry out the first energy storage with a nominal charge of only 30 Ah to 50 Ah, whereby only a few lithium-based storage elements for the first energy storage are needed and the energy storage device can be relatively easily performed. This rated charge range, depending on the type and performance of the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, is usually not sufficient to start the internal combustion engine, especially under unfavorable conditions, such as temperatures down to -25 C °. For example, to start a six-cylinder diesel engine at -25 C ° with currently available lithium cells, a nominal charge of the lithium cell comprising the first energy storage of about 70 Ah, whereby the first energy storage would be relatively difficult. By the mentioned double-layer capacitor with the low internal resistance, the nominal charge of the lithium cell having first energy storage between 30 Ah and 50 Ah can be limited for the diesel engine in question. During the first energy storage, among other things, the quiescent power supply of the motor vehicle ensures, ensures the second energy storage, inter alia, the cold start capability of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle.

Auf diese Weise kann die Energiespeicheranordnung insgesamt verhältnismäßig leicht ausgeführt werden, wobei diese ein vollwertiger Ersatz für herkömmliche Bleibatterien, insbesondere als Starter- oder Bordnetzbatterien ist.In this way, the energy storage arrangement can be performed relatively easily overall, this being a full replacement for conventional lead acid batteries, in particular as a starter or electrical system batteries.

Unter der Nennladung wird im Übrigen die werksseitig für den Energiespeicher, insbesondere den ersten Energiespeicher angegebene Ladung verstanden.Incidentally, the rated charge is understood to mean the charge specified at the factory for the energy store, in particular the first energy store.

Nach einer Variante der Erfindung weist erste Energiespeicher eine Nennladung von 40 Ah auf.According to a variant of the invention, the first energy store has a nominal charge of 40 Ah.

Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass erste Energiespeicher der Energiespeicheranordnung entweder drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium und ein Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium-Titanat oder drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium und zwei Speicherelemente basierend auf einer Nickelmetallhydrid-Verbindung oder drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und zwei Speicherelemente basierend auf einer Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat-Verbindung oder vier Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat oder vier Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und ein Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium oder sechs Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat umfasst.An embodiment of the invention provides that first energy stores of the energy storage arrangement are either three storage elements based on lithium and one storage element based on lithium titanate or three storage elements based on lithium and two storage elements based on a nickel metal hydride compound or three storage elements based on lithium titanate and comprises two storage elements based on a lithium iron-phosphate compound or four storage elements based on lithium iron phosphate or four storage elements based on lithium titanate and one storage element based on lithium or six storage elements based on lithium titanate.

Der erste Energiespeicher kann sonach als Lithiumbatterie (vgl. insbesondere die Ausführungsform des ersten Energiespeichers mit drei Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und einem Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium-Titanat) oder als Lithium-Mischbatterie (vgl. insbesondere die Ausführungsform des ersten Energiespeichers mit drei Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und zwei Speicherelementen basierend auf einer Nickelmetallhydrid-Verbindung) ausgebildet sein.The first energy store can therefore be used as a lithium battery (compare, in particular, the embodiment of the first energy store with three storage elements based on lithium and a storage element based on lithium titanate) or as a lithium mixer tap (compare in particular the embodiment of the first energy store with three storage elements based on FIG Lithium and two memory elements based on a nickel-metal hydride compound).

Bei den vorstehend genannten Konfigurationen wird von einem die erfindungsgemäße Energiespeicheranordnung aufnehmenden 12 V bzw. 14 V Bordnetz ausgegangen. Im Falle einer Auslegung der erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeicheranordnung bzw. des ersten Energiespeichers beispielsweise für ein 24 Volt-Bordnetz erhöht sich die jeweilige Anzahl der oben angegebenen Speicherelemente, wobei die Kombinationsmöglichkeiten der verschiedenen Speicherelementtypen gleich bleiben.In the above-mentioned configurations, a 12 V or 14 V vehicle electrical system receiving the energy storage arrangement according to the invention is assumed. In the case of a design of the energy storage device according to the invention or of the first energy storage, for example, for a 24 volt electrical system, the respective number of memory elements specified above increases, with the possible combinations of the different memory element types remain the same.

Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die den ersten Energiespeicher der Energiespeicheranordnung bildenden Speicherelemente in Serie geschaltet.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the memory elements forming the first energy store of the energy storage arrangement are connected in series.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird auch gelöst durch ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Bordnetz, umfassend wenigstens eine Energiespeicheranordnung, wobei die wenigstens eine Energiespeicheranordnung eine vorstehend beschriebene Energiespeicheranordnung ist.The object underlying the invention is also achieved by a motor vehicle having a vehicle electrical system, comprising at least one energy storage arrangement, wherein the at least one energy storage arrangement is an energy storage arrangement described above.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der beigefügten schematischen Zeichnung dargestellt, die eine prinzipielle Darstellung eines Bordnetzes 1 eines Kraftfahrzeugs 2 zeigt.An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying schematic drawing, which is a schematic representation of a vehicle electrical system 1 of a motor vehicle 2 shows.

Bei dem Bordnetz 1 kann es sich beispielsweise um ein 12 V- oder 14 V-Bordnetz 1 eines Kraftfahrzeugs 2 handeln. Das Kraftfahrzeug 2 umfasst eine nicht näher gezeigte, als Antriebsaggregat dienende Verbrennungskraftmaschine bzw. einen Verbrennungsmotor. Das Kraftfahrzeug 2 kann aber auch noch wenigstens ein weiteres Antriebsaggregat, sei es eine Elektromaschine oder sei es eine Brennstoffzelle, umfassen.In the electrical system 1 For example, it can be a 12 V or 14 V electrical system 1 of a motor vehicle 2 act. The car 2 includes a not shown in detail, serving as a drive unit internal combustion engine or an internal combustion engine. The car 2 but can also at least one other drive unit, be it an electric machine or a fuel cell include.

Dem Bordnetz 1 ist im Falle des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung eine Energiespeicheranordnung 3, ein Generator 4, ein Starter 5 zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors und wenigstens ein im Betrieb elektrischen Strom verbrauchender Verbraucher zugehörig. Im Falle des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung sind zwei Verbraucher 6 und 7 schematisch angedeutet, bei denen es sich beispielsweise um Fahrerassistenzsysteme, wie ein Bremsassistenzsystem oder ein Lenkassistenzsystem handeln kann.The electrical system 1 is in the case of the present embodiment of the invention, an energy storage device 3 , a generator 4 , a starter 5 for starting the internal combustion engine and at least one consumed during operation electric power consumer belonging. In the case of the present embodiment of the invention are two consumers 6 and 7 indicated schematically, which may be, for example, driver assistance systems, such as a brake assist system or a steering assistance system.

Die Energiespeicheranordnung 3 umfasst zwei parallel geschaltete wiederaufladbare Energiespeicher 8, 9. Der erste Energiespeicher 8 weist wenigstens ein auf Lithium basierendes Speicherelement 10 auf, welches auch als Zelle bezeichnet werden kann. Neben dem wenigstens einen auf Lithium basierenden Speicherelement, kann der erste Energiespeicher auch andere Speicherelemente bzw. Speicherzellen aufweisen.The energy storage arrangement 3 includes two parallel rechargeable energy storage 8th . 9 , The first energy storage 8th has at least one lithium-based storage element 10 on, which can also be called a cell. In addition to the at least one lithium-based memory element, the first energy store may also have other memory elements or memory cells.

Konkret kann der erste Energiespeicher 8 drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium und ein Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium-Titanat oder drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium und zwei Speicherelemente basierend auf einer Nickelmetallhydrid-Verbindung oder drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und zwei Speicherelemente basierend auf einer Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat-Verbindung oder vier Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat oder vier Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und ein Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium oder sechs Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat aufweisen. Im Falle des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung umfasst der erste Energiespeicher 8 vier Speicherelemente 10 basierend auf Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat.Specifically, the first energy storage 8th three memory elements based on lithium and a storage element based on lithium titanate or three storage elements based on lithium and two storage elements based on a nickel metal hydride compound or three storage elements based on lithium titanate and two storage elements based on a lithium iron-phosphate compound or have four storage elements based on lithium iron phosphate or four storage elements based on lithium titanate and a storage element based on lithium or six storage elements based on lithium titanate. In the case of the present embodiment of the invention, the first energy store comprises 8th four memory elements 10 based on lithium iron phosphate.

Die Speicherelemente 10 des ersten Energiespeichers 8 sind dabei jeweils in Serie geschaltet. Die Auslegung bzw. Bestückung des ersten Energiespeichers 8 mit Speicherelementen 10 erfolgt dabei derart, dass der erste Energiespeicher 8 eine Nennladung zwischen 30 Ah und 50 Ah aufweist, welcher Wert der Nennladung unter anderem in Abhängigkeit von der Konfiguration des mit der Energiespeicheranordnung 3 zu versehenden Kraftahrzeugs mit elektrischen Verbrauchern zu wählen ist. Vorzugsweise weist der erste Energiespeicher 8 eine Nennladung von 40 Ah auf. Diese Nennladung kann mit einer verhältnismäßig geringen Anzahl von verfügbaren, d. h. bereits kommerziell erwerbbaren Speicherelementen 10 zur Verfügung gestellt werden, was sich positiv auf das Gesamtgewicht bzw. die Gesamtmasse der Energiespeicheranordnung 3 und somit auch auf das gesamte zu bewegende Gewicht bzw. die gesamte zu bewegende Masse des mit der Energiespeicheranordnung 3 bestückten Kraftfahrzeugs 2 auswirkt. Diese Nennladung von 40 Ah ist in der Regel nicht ausreichend, um eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere einen Dieselmotor mit mehr als vier Zylindern unter ungünstigen Bedingungen, wie tiefen Temperaturen von –25°C zu starten. Die Nennladung ist jedoch ausreichend, um den Ruhestrombedarf für das Kraftfahrzeug 2 auch bei längerem Stillstand des Kraftfahrzeugs 2 von mehreren Tagen, z. B. 50 Tagen, zu decken.The memory elements 10 of the first energy store 8th are each connected in series. The design or assembly of the first energy storage 8th with memory elements 10 takes place such that the first energy storage 8th has a rated charge between 30 Ah and 50 Ah, which value of the rated charge, inter alia, depending on the configuration of the energy storage device 3 to be provided with electric vehicles with electric consumers. Preferably, the first energy store 8th a rated charge of 40 Ah. This rated charge can with a relatively small number of available, ie already commercially available storage elements 10 be made available, which has a positive effect on the total weight or the total mass of the energy storage device 3 and thus also on the entire weight to be moved or the entire mass to be moved with the energy storage device 3 equipped motor vehicle 2 effect. This nominal charge of 40 Ah is usually not sufficient to start an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine with more than four cylinders under unfavorable conditions, such as low temperatures of -25 ° C. However, the nominal charge is sufficient to the quiescent power requirement for the motor vehicle 2 even at a longer standstill of the motor vehicle 2 of several days, e.g. B. 50 days to cover.

Der zweite Energiespeicher 9 umfasst wenigstens einen Doppelschichtkondensator 11, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass sein Innenwiderstand bei einer Temperatur von –10°C kleiner 5 mΩ ist. Der zweite Energiespeicher 9 stellt unter anderem die Energie zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs 2 zur Verfügung. Aufgrund des niedrigen Innenwiderstandes des zweiten Energiespeichers 9 stellt dieser auch bei niedrigen Temperaturen, wie –10 C° und weniger, die Energie zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs 2 zur Verfügung.The second energy storage 9 comprises at least one double-layer capacitor 11 characterized in that its internal resistance at a temperature of -10 ° C is less than 5 mΩ. The second energy storage 9 provides among other things the energy for starting the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle 2 to disposal. Due to the low internal resistance of the second energy store 9 This provides even at low temperatures, such as -10 C ° and less, the energy to start the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle 2 to disposal.

Die Energiespeicheranordnung 3 ist demnach ein vollwertiger Ersatz einer Bleibatterie als Starter- bzw. Bordnetzbatterie und wird bevorzugt als einzige Starter- bzw. Bordnetzbatterie in einem Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt.The energy storage arrangement 3 is therefore a full replacement of a lead acid battery as a starter or electrical system battery and is preferably used as the only starter or electrical system battery in a motor vehicle.

Wie in der Figur dargestellt kann die Energiespeicheranordnung 3 eines oder mehrere Schaltelemente S1 bis S3 aufweisen, um den Energiefluss innerhalb der Energiespeicheranordnung 3 und aus der Energiespeicheranordnung 3 heraus zu steuern. Die Schaltelemente S1 bis S3 können jedoch zum Teil oder auch vollständig entfallen.As shown in the figure, the energy storage device 3 one or more switching elements S1 to S3 to the energy flow within the energy storage device 3 and from the energy storage device 3 to steer out. However, the switching elements S1 to S3 can be omitted in part or completely.

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • CN 102044902 [0004] CN 102044902 [0004]

Claims (5)

Energiespeicheranordnung (3), umfassend wenigstens einen wenigstens ein auf Lithium basierendes Speicherelement (10) aufweisenden, wiederaufladbaren ersten Energiespeicher (8) und einen zu dem ersten Energiespeicher (8) parallel geschalteten wiederaufladbaren zweiten Energiespeicher (9) in Form wenigstens eines Doppelschichtkondensators (11), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Energiespeicher (8) eine Nennladung zwischen 30 Ah und 50 Ah aufweist und der Innenwiderstand des zweiten Energiespeichers (9) bei einer Temperatur von –10°C kleiner als 5 mΩ ist.Energy storage arrangement ( 3 ), comprising at least one at least one lithium-based storage element ( 10 ), rechargeable first energy storage ( 8th ) and one to the first energy storage ( 8th ) connected in parallel rechargeable second energy storage ( 9 ) in the form of at least one double-layer capacitor ( 11 ), characterized in that the first energy store ( 8th ) has a rated charge between 30 Ah and 50 Ah and the internal resistance of the second energy store ( 9 ) at a temperature of -10 ° C is less than 5 mΩ. Energiespeicheranordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Energiespeicher (8) eine Nennladung von 40 Ah aufweist.Energy storage arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the first energy store ( 8th ) has a rated charge of 40 Ah. Energiespeicheranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Energiespeicher (8) umfasst: drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium und ein Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium-Titanat oder drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium und zwei Speicherelemente basierend auf einer Nickelmetallhydrid-Verbindung oder drei Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und zwei Speicherelemente basierend auf einer Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat-Verbindung oder vier Speicherelemente (10) basierend auf Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat oder vier Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und ein Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium oder sechs Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium-Titanat.Energy storage arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first energy store ( 8th ) comprises three lithium-based storage elements and one lithium titanate storage element or three lithium-based storage elements and two nickel metal hydride compound storage elements or three lithium titanate based storage elements and two lithium iron phosphate based storage elements Connection or four memory elements ( 10 ) based on lithium iron phosphate or four storage elements based on lithium titanate and a storage element based on lithium or six storage elements based on lithium titanate. Energiespeicheranordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den ersten Energiespeicher (8) bildenden Speicherelemente (10) in Serie geschaltet sind.Energy storage arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first energy storage ( 8th ) forming memory elements ( 10 ) are connected in series. Kraftfahrzeug (2) mit einem Bordnetz (1), umfassend wenigstens eine Energiespeicheranordnung dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wenigstens eine Energiespeicheranordnung eine Energiespeicheranordnung (3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 ist.Motor vehicle ( 2 ) with a vehicle electrical system ( 1 ), comprising at least one energy storage arrangement characterized in that the at least one energy storage arrangement comprises an energy storage arrangement ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4.
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