DE102010019158B4 - solar collector - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar collector (1) for generating photovoltaic and thermal energy is proposed, which has two photovoltaic collectors (3, 4) arranged one above the other, which can be displaced relative to one another in such a way that they can cover the thermal collector (2) completely or partially (4) ,

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a solar collector according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for operating the solar collector according to claim 8.

There are basically two types of solar collectors known: thermal collectors for converting solar radiation into heat and photovoltaic panels for converting solar radiation into electrical energy. In thermal solar collectors, a heat transfer medium, for example, a glycol water mixture, heated by solar radiation and used for heating purposes or for hot water production.

Photovoltaic collector modules generally consist of a sheet-like support on which parallel or series-connected solar cells are arranged.

Furthermore, solar collector modules are known which combine both collector types in one housing. These sandwich-mounted solar collector modules have an acceptable efficiency, since the heat transfer medium is also used as a coolant for the solar cells.

In such hybrid solar collectors, photovoltaic and thermal collectors are integrated into a common collector module. In this case, a photovoltaic element for obtaining electrical energy and a thermal absorber for recovering thermal energy in a common housing is arranged one above the other, wherein the photovoltaic element is disposed on a side facing the light of the solar collector, the thermal absorber is located on the side facing away from the light , The back of the thermal collector towards the roof is often provided with a heat insulation in the form of a foam part. The individual collector modules are arranged, for example, overlapping on the facade or the roof, so that there is a closed collector surface. Thus, both ways of generating energy can be effective at the same time.

A hybrid collector is known ( DE 20 2009 003 904 U1 ) comprising a PV module comprising transparent and non-transparent regions. Furthermore, the hybrid collector has an absorber module with an absorption plate with cold areas with high absorption capacity and warm areas with low absorption capacity. The PV module is positioned with respect to the absorber module so that at least 70% of the absorption areas are projected into the cold areas of the absorber module.

A disadvantage of the known solar collectors is that the known arrangements of thermal collectors and photovoltaic elements do not lead to optimal utilization of the electrical and thermal energy to be gained. This is mainly due to the fact that on the one hand the heat storage, which are filled by the thermal collectors with the heated medium, should not be heated from a certain upper limit of the heating and that the efficiency of the Fhotovoltaikelemente is reduced by the heat of the thermal absorber. The efficiency loss of photovoltaic solar collectors with increasing heating, which is depending on the solar cell at 0.33% to 0.50% per ° C, must be prevented by complex measures. For example, the temperature of the solar cells must be kept constant above 70 ° C.

Against this background, the invention has for its object to provide a solar collector, which allows optimal yield of thermally generated energy and the electrically generated energy and thus the efficiency of the entire hybrid collector is increased.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1 and claim 8. The subclaims indicate advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The invention and its advantages

The invention according to the features of the main claim, however, has the advantage that the photovoltaic panels are arranged in two superimposed planes above the thermal collector. In this case, the photovoltaic panels are designed to be movable relative to each other, so that they are movable in different shading levels in the ratio of the cover of the thermal collector one above the other or apart, until the thermal collector is completely covered with photovoltaic panels.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic panels are moved in particular in a position next to each other when the thermal collectors have absorbed enough energy and the heat storage are filled. This process therefore takes place after the medium in the thermal collectors has reached a certain upper limit temperature, since then the heat quantity absorption of the thermal collector must be lowered in order to prevent overloading of the heat storage. For the energy of sunlight in this case for To optimally utilize the power generation, the area for generating electricity is doubled by the movement of the photovoltaic panels in a position next to each other.

In this case, the two photovoltaic collectors arranged one above the other can be designed, for example, in each case with toothed rails arranged corresponding to one another, the displaceability being effected by way of a toothed wheel. The gear is driven by a motor. In another embodiment, one of the two photovoltaic collectors, for example, the one which is arranged on the side facing the light, designed in two parts. In this case, the two parts of the photovoltaic collector each tooth rails, which can be moved apart by means of a gear to each other or again and thus is made possible that the entire surface of the solar collector of the recovery of electrical energy is used. Thus, a shading of the thermal collector is brought about, which in turn is avoided Übererwämung the heat accumulator and overheating of the thermal collector. Any other type of mobility on rails, slides, sliding systems, etc. is also conceivable.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic panels are arranged on a sloping roof, for example, such that relieved by the weight of a photovoltaic collector plane, which moves downwards due to gravity, the motor to drive the other collector layer upwards in the direction of the roof ridge is because one collector layer supports the other in an opposite movement and thus a smaller engine power is sufficient. This effect can also be used in the embodiment in which one photovoltaic layer remains stationary at the same location and the second is phovoltaic. Layer is displaceable by guides and movable devices relative to the first layer. In particular, in the embodiment in which one of the two photovoltaic collector layers is configured in two parts and the two parts of this layer can be moved apart and each other, the force acting on the roof slope gravity can also relieve the drive motor.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the weight of the individual photovoltaic modules is between 3.5 and 5 kg, this allows a particularly effective use of the drive for mutually ongoing movement of the modules in relation to increasing the energy production by the arrangement of modules side by side.

The inventive arrangement of the modules, an increase in the efficiency of the entire solar collector is achieved because the effect of cooling the photovoltaic modules by the thermal collector is effective on all photovoltaic modules. This ensures an efficient energy yield.

The collectors can be made in different sizes and adapted to the size of, for example, the roof on which they are to be placed.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the following description, the drawings and claims removed.

drawings

1 shows a solar collector with three stacked collector layers from the side in the arrangement with superposed photovoltaic panels,

In 2 is the solar collector the 1 shown in plan view,

3 shows the solar collector from the side in which the two layers of the photovoltaic panels are arranged offset from each other and partially cover the thermal collector in 4 is the solar collector the 3 shown in plan view,

5 shows the position in which the photovoltaic collectors of the two superimposed layers are arranged so that the thermal collector is completely covered,

In 6 is the solar collector the 5 shown in plan view.

Description of the embodiments

1 shows the solar collector 1 in his training as so-called. Hybrid collector. In this case, on a light side facing away from a thermal collector 2 arranged. On the light-facing side of the solar collector 1 are one above the other a first photovoltaic collector 3 and a second photovoltaic collector 4 arranged. These photovoltaic collectors 3 and 4 each have solar cells connected in series 5 on. The photovoltaic collectors 3 and 4 are arranged relative to each other displaceable. In the illustrated embodiment, the first photovoltaic collector 3 a first part 3a and a second part 3b on, with the first part 3a a first dental splint 6 and the second part 3b a second dental splint 7 has. These Mouth Trays 6 and 7 be through a gear 8th moved to each other. To the gear 8th engages a motor (not shown). In this illustration, the solar cells 5 of the first photovoltaic collector 3 and the second photovoltaic collector 4 arranged vertically above one another, so that between the solar cells 5 enough light on the thermal collector 2 impinges, which serves the extraction of thermal energy.

In 2 is the solar collector 1 shown in plan view, wherein the series-connected solar cells 5 to a solar cell string 9 are interconnected. in this plan view is the second photovoltaic collector 4 seen from above, the first photovoltaic collector 3 is through as a solar cell string 9 interconnected solar cells 5 covered. The solar cell strings 9 are on carriers 10 attached and connected. The toothed rails (not visible from above) are driven by the motor 11 ,

3 shows the solar collector 1 of the page. Shown is the thermal collector 2 with the first photovoltaic collector 3 and the second photovoltaic collector 4 , The photovoltaic collectors 3 and 4 each have solar cells connected in series 5 on. The photovoltaic collectors 3 and 4 are relative to each other by the rotation of the gear 8th shown shifted by a certain angle arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the first photovoltaic collector 3 a first part 3a and a second part 3b on, with the first part 3a a first dental splint 6 and the second part 3b a second dental splint 7 has. These rails 6 and 7 were through a gear 8th moved to each other and thereby the position of the solar cells 5 of the first photovoltaic collector 3 changed, so far the solar cells 5 of the second photovoltaic collector 4 lying solar cells 5 of the first photovoltaic collector 3 no longer completely covered. The performance of the thermal collector 2 is due to the partial coverage by the two collector parts 3a and 3b reduces, while the energy yield of the photovoltaic panels by the use of at least one additional partial area of the first photovoltaic collector 3 increased, which is no longer through the second photovoltaic collector 4 is completely covered.

In 4 is the solar collector 1 shown in plan view, wherein the series-connected solar cells 5 to a solar cell string 9 are interconnected. In this plan view, the second photovoltaic collector 4 to be seen from above. Also visible is the movement of the two parts 3a and 3b partly no longer shaded first pholovoltaic collector 3 , which is still partly due to the as a solar cell string 9 interconnected solar cells 5 of the photovoltaic collector 4 is covered. The solar cell strings 9 are on carriers 10 attached and connected. The toothed rails (not visible from above) are driven by the motor 11 ,

5 shows the solar collector 1 of the page. Shown is the thermal collector 2 with the first photovoltaic collector 3 and the second photovoltaic collector 4 , The photovoltaic collectors 3 and 4 each have solar cells connected in series 5 on. The photovoltaic collectors 3 and 4 are relative to each other by the rotation of the gear 8th shown displaced by a further particular angle. In the illustrated embodiment, the first photovoltaic collector 3 a first part 3a and a second part 3b on, with the first part 3a a first dental splint 6 and the second part 3b a second dental splint 7 has. These rails 6 and 7 were through a gear 8th moved to each other and thereby the position of the solar cells 5 of the first photovoltaic collector 3 so changed, so far those under the solar cells arranged above 5 of the second photovoltaic collector 4 lying parts 3a such as 3b no longer be covered. The performance of the thermal collector 2 is due to the complete coverage by the two collector parts 3a and 3b So the cover by the first photovoltaic collector 3 and the second photovoltaic collector 4 completely reduced, while the energy yield of the photovoltaic panels by the use of the two now juxtaposed solar cell strings 9 the photovoltaic collectors 3 and 4 increased or doubled, as the photovoltaic collector 3 not completely or partially from the photovoltaic collector 4 is covered, but the whole on the solar cells 5 incident light quantity for photovoltaic energy production is usable.

In 6 is the solar collector 1 shown in plan view, wherein the series-connected solar cells 5 to a solar cell string 9 are interconnected. In this plan view, the first photovoltaic collector 3 , comprising two parts 3a and 3b to see from above. Also visible is the second photovoltaic collector 4 from above, the two parts 3a and 3b no longer by the as a solar cell string 9 interconnected solar cells 5 of the photovoltaic collector 4 are covered. Thus, the solar cells 5 of the first photovoltaic collector is fully exposed and its power for power generation can be fully exploited. The solar cell strings 9 are on carriers 10 attached and connected. The drive of the gear (not visible from above) takes place via the motor 11 , The thermal collector 2 on the other hand, this view is completely covered. Depending on the type of strand cell, partial or complete coverage of the thermal collector can thus be made possible.

All in the description, the following claims and the drawings illustrated features may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

solar collector

2

thermal collector

3

first photovoltaic collector, 3a first part; 3b second part of the first photovoltaic collector

4

second photovoltaic collector

5

solar cell

6

first dental splint

7

second toothed rail

8th

gear

9

solar string

10

carrier

11

engine

Claims (10)

Solar collector ( 1 ) comprising a photovoltaic collector ( 3 . 4 ) to a solar cell string ( 9 ) interconnected solar cells ( 5 ) for generating electrical energy and a thermal collector ( 2 ) for generating thermal energy, characterized in that a first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) and a second photovoltaic collector ( 4 ) are arranged one above the other so movable relative to one another that the thermal collector ( 2 ) is partially or completely coverable. Solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the photovoltaic collector ( 3 . 4 ) two parts ( 3a . 3b ), which are designed to be movable relative to each other. Solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) a first dental splint ( 6 ) and a second dental splint ( 7 ), wherein the first dental splint ( 6 ) on a first part ( 3a ) and the second dental splint ( 7 ) on a second part ( 3b ) of the photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) are arranged, which by means of a gear ( 8th ) are movable relative to each other. Solar collector ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the thermal collector ( 2 ) has a temperature sensor. Solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that when exceeding a temperature limit value, the movement of the first part ( 3a ) and the second part ( 3b ) of the first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) is triggered. Solar collector ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a heat storage, which of the absorption of thermal energy from the thermal collector ( 2 ), a sensor which sends a signal when the medium in the heat storage exceeds a temperature limit. Solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that on receipt of the signal of the sensor of the heat accumulator the movement of the first part ( 3a ) and the second part ( 3b ) of the first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) is triggered. Method for operating a solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 1 with the following steps: exceeding a temperature limit value of the thermal collector ( 2 ) and / or - signal the thermal heat storage, that these exceed a temperature limit and - triggered thereby activating a motor ( 11 ), the gear ( 8th ) and - movement of the first part ( 3a ) and the second part ( 3b ) of the first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) to each other - Cover of the thermal collector ( 2 ) in different stages from partial to full coverage. Method for operating a solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that falls below a temperature limit value of the thermal collector ( 2 ) a signal for activating the engine ( 11 ) is triggered, the gear ( 8th ) in a direction, which by means of toothed rails ( 6 . 7 ) moving parts ( 3a . 3b ) of the first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) away from each other until a position is reached in which the solar cells ( 5 ) of the first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) partially or completely from the solar cells ( 5 ) of the second photovoltaic collector ( 4 ) are covered. Method for operating a solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that falls below a temperature limit value of the heat accumulator, a signal for activating the engine ( 11 ) is triggered, the gear ( 8th ) in a direction, which by means of toothed rails ( 6 . 7 ) moving parts ( 3a ) and ( 3b ) of the first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) away from each other until a position is reached in which the solar cells ( 5 ) of the first photovoltaic collector ( 3 ) partially or completely from the solar cells ( 5 ) of the second photovoltaic collector ( 4 ) are covered.

Images