DE102007049914A1 - Antenna e.g. transverse electromagnetic horn antenna, device for motor vehicle, has emblem mark, and radar antenna for transmitting signals to device for monitoring surrounding area at rear end of vehicle - Google Patents

Antenna e.g. transverse electromagnetic horn antenna, device for motor vehicle, has emblem mark, and radar antenna for transmitting signals to device for monitoring surrounding area at rear end of vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102007049914A1
DE102007049914A1 DE102007049914A DE102007049914A DE102007049914A1 DE 102007049914 A1 DE102007049914 A1 DE 102007049914A1 DE 102007049914 A DE102007049914 A DE 102007049914A DE 102007049914 A DE102007049914 A DE 102007049914A DE 102007049914 A1 DE102007049914 A1 DE 102007049914A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
antenna
vehicle
emblem
motor vehicle
radar
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DE102007049914A
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German (de)
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DE102007049914B4 (en
Inventor
Stefan Fikar
Richard Bogenberger
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/005—Manufacturers' emblems, name plates, bonnet ornaments, mascots or the like; Mounting means therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/0209—Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93271—Sensor installation details in the front of the vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/027—Constructional details of housings, e.g. form, type, material or ruggedness

Abstract

The device has a radar antenna e.g. transverse electromagnetic horn antenna, arranged behind a vertically aligned upper surface of an emblem mark (2) that is partially made of plastic and provided at a rear end of a motor vehicle. Beam direction of the antenna is perpendicular to a rear chamber provided at the rear end of the vehicle, via the upper surface of the emblem mark. The antenna transmits signals to a device for monitoring surrounding area at the rear end of the vehicle. The antenna has a filler material made of dielectric material.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug.The The invention relates to an antenna device for a motor vehicle.

Der Entwicklung von Antennen für Kraftfahrzeuge sind sowohl durch den zur Verfügung stehenden Bauraum als auch durch das angestrebte Design des Kraftfahrzeugs enge Rahmenbedingungen gesetzt. Aus der Fahrzeug-Silhouette herausragende Antennen sind insbesondere bei Oberklasse-Fahrzeugen unerwünscht. Eine Integration in die Scheiben des Kraftfahrzeugs ist häufig mit Sichtbehinderungen verbunden.Of the Development of antennas for motor vehicles are both through the available space as well as through the desired design of the motor vehicle tight conditions set. From the vehicle silhouette are outstanding antennas especially undesirable in luxury vehicles. A Integration into the windows of the motor vehicle is common associated with visual obstructions.

Bestimmte Wellentypen sind zudem weder durch vom Kraftfahrzeug abstehende Antennen noch durch Scheibenantennen optimal empfangbar bzw. abstrahlbar.Certain In addition, shaft types are neither protruding from the motor vehicle Antennas can still be optimally received or radiated by window antennas.

Insbesondere für Breitband-Anwendungen und Ultra-Breitband-Anwendungen sind keine zufrieden stellenden Lösungen der baulichen Integration geeigneter Antennen bei gleichzeitiger Richtwirkung bekannt.Especially for broadband applications and ultra-broadband applications are not satisfactory solutions of structural Integration of suitable antennas with simultaneous directivity known.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist eine verbesserte Integration einer Breitband-Antenne für den Empfang bzw. die Abstrahlung bestimmter Wellentypen.task The invention is an improved integration of a broadband antenna for the reception or the emission of certain wave types.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Antennenvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Solved This object is achieved by an antenna device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of Invention will be apparent from the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die bei der Antennenvorrichtung eingesetzte Antenne als Radar-Antenne ausgeführt. Vorzugsweise wird die Radar-Antenne als UltraWideBand-Radar-Antenne betrieben. Dies ermöglicht insbesondere eine effiziente Überwachung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung. Eine Form der Überwachung des Fahrzeugrückraums, für welche die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung besonders geeignet ist, ist die Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls. Die Antennenvorrichtung ist derart ausgebildet, dass empfangene Signale der Radar-Antenne an eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung übermittelt werden. Diese Vorrichtung kann insbesondere eine Vorrichtung zur Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls sein. Von diesem Sonderfall wird im Folgenden ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit ausgegangen. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Übermittlung leitungsgebunden. Grundsätzlich ist jedoch auch eine drahtlose Übermittlung einhergehend mit den entsprechenden Vorteilen denkbar.According to the invention the antenna used in the antenna device designed as a radar antenna. Preferably, the radar antenna becomes an UltraWideBand radar antenna operated. This allows in particular an efficient monitoring the rear vehicle environment. A form of surveillance of the vehicle rear space, for which the inventive Device is particularly suitable is the prediction of a rear impact. The antenna device is configured to receive Signals of the radar antenna to a device for monitoring the rear vehicle environment transmitted become. In particular, this device can be a prediction device to be a rear impact. This special case is hereafter without limiting the general public. Preferably the transmission takes place by cable. in principle however, it is also accompanied by a wireless transmission with the corresponding advantages conceivable.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung einer Hornantenne als Radar-Antenne bei der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung. Hornantennen sind besonders geeignet für Breitband-Anwendungen, insbesondere ein so genanntes TEM-Horn (transverse electromagnetic horn).Especially advantageous is the use of a horn antenna as a radar antenna in the antenna device according to the invention. Horn antennas are particularly suitable for broadband applications, in particular a so-called TEM horn (transverse electromagnetic horn).

Die Radar-Antenne ist erfindungsgemäß derart hinter der im Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichteten Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Heck des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet, dass ihre Abstrahlrichtung im Wesentlichen senkrecht durch die Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems zum Rückraum hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug weist. Die Abstrahlrichtung weist somit im Wesentlichen waagrecht zur rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung. Dies ermöglicht eine Radar-Überwachung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung auf Basis der geeignet betriebenen Antenne.The Radar antenna according to the invention is so behind the substantially vertically oriented surface a brand emblem at the rear of the motor vehicle arranged that their emission direction substantially perpendicular through the surface the brand emblem to the rear space behind the motor vehicle has. The emission direction thus has substantially horizontal to the rear vehicle environment. this makes possible a radar surveillance of the rear Vehicle environment based on the suitably operated antenna.

Das Marken-Emblem am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs stellt eines der wenigen Bauteile an der Kraftfahrzeugoberfläche dar, die aus elektrisch nicht leitfähigem Material, z. B. aus Kunststoff, gefertigt werden können. Nur elektrisch nicht leitfähige Bauteile sind nämlich sinnvoll und kosteneffizient für die Antennenintegration verwendbar. Zudem ist das Marken-Emblem am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs in der Regel ohnehin im Wesentlichen vertikal angeordnet. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Kunststoffteilen am Kraftfahrzeug, die eine nicht als Antenne erkennbare Integration einer Antenne am Kraftfahrzeug – auch ohne das zusätzliche Vorsehen einer von Fahrzeugen der Anmelderin bekannten Finne – zulassen (z. B. Außenspiegel), kann in im Wesentlichen senkrechter Richtung zu einem im Wesentlichen vertikal am Fahrzeugheck angeordneten Marken-Emblem eine effiziente Wellenabstrahlung in Richtung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung erfolgen. Auch die typischerweise mittige Anordnung des Marken-Emblems begünstigt eine effiziente Überwachung des Rückraums auf Basis der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung.The Brand emblem at the rear of a motor vehicle represents one of the few Components on the vehicle surface is made of electrical non-conductive material, eg. B. made of plastic can. Only electrically non-conductive components are meaningful and cost-efficient for the antenna integration usable. In addition, the brand emblem Essentially anyway at the rear of a motor vehicle anyway arranged vertically. Unlike other plastic parts on the Motor vehicle, which is not recognizable as an antenna integration an antenna on the vehicle - even without the additional Provide a fin known by vehicles of the Applicant (eg, exterior mirrors) may be in a substantially perpendicular direction to a substantially vertically arranged at the rear of the vehicle brand emblem an efficient wave radiation in the direction of the rear vehicle environment respectively. Also the typically central arrangement of the brand emblem favors efficient monitoring of the backspace based on the antenna device according to the invention.

Die Antenne kann hinter dem eigentlichen Marken-Emblem angeordnet sein und gewissermaßen durch das Marken-Emblem hindurch senden bzw. empfangen. Antenne und Marken-Emblem können dann nahezu unabhängig voneinander konzipiert werden.The Antenna can be located behind the actual brand emblem and in a sense send through the brand emblem or receive. Antenna and brand emblem can then be almost be designed independently of each other.

Die Antenne kann auch zumindest teilweise in eine Ausnehmung des Marken-Emblems hineinragen. Insbesondere im Falle einer Horn-Antenne, die ihre größten geometrischen Abmessungen in ihrer Abstrahlrichtung besitzt, kann das Marken-Emblem einen Hohlraum aufweisen, in den das Horn der Antenne zumindest teilweise hineinragt. Die Tiefe der Antennenvorrichtung kann auf diese Weise reduziert bzw. gering gehalten werden.The Antenna may also at least partially into a recess of the brand emblem protrude. Especially in the case of a horn antenna, their largest geometric dimensions in their emission direction owns, the brand emblem may have a cavity in the the horn of the antenna at least partially protrudes. The depth of the antenna device can be reduced or kept low in this way.

Das Marken-Emblem kann die Antenne auch teilweise oder vollständig umschließen. Die Antenne oder ein Teil derselben kann hierzu bereits bei der Fertigung des Marken-Emblems in die Spritzgussform – oder bei anderen Herstellungsverfahren das jeweilige Pendant – eingebracht werden, um anschließend vom Kunststoff umschlossen zu werden. Indem die Antenne zumindest teilweise vom Kunststoff des Marken-Emblems umschlossen wird, wird eine feste mechanische Verbindung mit definierter räumlicher Ausrichtung zwischen Antenne und Marken-Emblem geschaffen.The brand emblem may also partially or completely enclose the antenna. The antenna or a part of the same can already do so during the Manufacture of the brand emblem in the injection mold - or in other manufacturing processes the respective counterpart - are introduced, to be then enclosed by the plastic. By at least partially enclosing the antenna from the plastic of the brand emblem, a strong mechanical connection is created with a defined spatial orientation between the antenna and the emblem of the brand.

Die Hornantenne ist in besonderem Maße für den Einsatzzweck geeignet, weil sich mit dieser Antennenform gleichzeitig sowohl eine Richtwirkung gut definieren lässt als auch eine sehr hohe Bandbreite erzielbar ist. Besonders im Falle des TEM-Horns lassen sich auch Pulse praktisch ohne Dispersion abstrahlen.The Horn antenna is particularly suitable for the purpose suitable, because at the same time both with this antenna shape defines a directivity well as well as a very good one high bandwidth is achievable. Especially in the case of the TEM horn It is also possible to radiate pulses practically without dispersion.

Vorzugsweise ist das Marken-Emblem derart in die überwiegend metallische Außenhaut des Fahrzeugs, eingebracht, dass die metallische Außenhaut eine (z. B. im Wesentlichen kreisförmige) Unterbrechung aufweist, die mit dem Kunststoffmaterial des Marken-Emblems gefüllt ist. Die Abstrahlcharakteristik einer Hornantenne ist im Wesentlichen unabhängig von Metallteilen, die sich außerhalb des Horns bzw. deutlich außerhalb dessen gedachter Verlängerung befinden. Ragt das Horn also durch die Unterbrechung der metallischen Außenhaut hindurch, ergibt sich eine weitgehend unverfälschte Abstrahlcharakteristik, welche durch Anpassung der Antennengeometrie konfigurierbar bleibt. Dasselbe gilt, wenn das Horn zwar bereits hinter der Unterbrechung endet (d. h. näher zum Fahrzeuginneren), wenn jedoch die Abmessungen des Horns und die Abmessungen der Unterbrechung derart aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass der Querschnitt der gedachten Verlängerung des Horns bis in die Ebene der metallischen Außenhaut komplett innerhalb der Unterbrechung liegt und dies in der Antennenauslegung berücksichtigt wird.Preferably is the brand emblem so in the predominantly metallic Outer skin of the vehicle, introduced that metallic Outer skin one (eg substantially circular) Interrupted with the plastic material of the brand emblem is filled. The radiation characteristic of a horn antenna is essentially independent of metal parts that are themselves outside the horn or clearly outside of it imaginary extension. So stick out the horn the interruption of the metallic outer skin, results in a largely unadulterated radiation characteristic, which remains configurable by adapting the antenna geometry. The same is true if the horn is already behind the break ends (ie closer to the vehicle interior), but if the Dimensions of the horn and the dimensions of the interruption so are coordinated, that the cross section of the imaginary Extension of the horn to the level of the metallic Outer skin lies completely within the break and this is taken into account in the antenna design.

Die bauliche Integration einer Antenne in ein Marken-Emblem eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist an sich bekannt aus der WO 96/09941 A1 . Jedoch wird dort eine flache Patch-Antenne baulich in das Emblem integriert. Patch-Antennen besitzen eine sehr flache Bauform, besitzen insbesondere in Abstrahlrichtung wesentlich geringere Abmessungen als typische Radar-Antennen, insbesondere als Hornantennen. Die aufgrund der flachen Bauform für Patch-Antennen geradezu naheliegende Anordnung im Emblem oder hinter dem Emblem scheint für eine Radar-Antenne, insbesondere eine Hornantenne, aufgrund ihrer größeren Abmessungen in Abstrahlrichtung zunächst eher abwegig. Erst die zusätzliche Erkenntnis, dass sich bei vielen Kraftfahrzeug-Typen im Kraftfahrzeuginneren hinter der Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems am Heck des Kraftfahrzeugs ungenutzter oder zumindest ineffizient genutzter Bauraum befindet, lässt die bauliche Integration einer Radar-Antenne, insbesondere einer Hornantenne, hinter der Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems konstruktiv machbar und in der Gesamtbetrachtung vorteilhaft erscheinen.The structural integration of an antenna in a brand emblem of a motor vehicle is known from the WO 96/09941 A1 , However, there is a flat patch antenna structurally integrated into the emblem. Patch antennas have a very flat design, have in particular in the direction of radiation substantially smaller dimensions than typical radar antennas, in particular as horn antennas. The arrangement due to the flat design for patch antennas in the emblem or behind the emblem for a radar antenna, in particular a horn antenna, because of their larger dimensions in the emission initially rather erroneous. Only the additional realization that is unused or at least inefficient space used in many types of motor vehicles inside the motor vehicle behind the surface of the brand emblem at the rear of the vehicle, the structural integration of a radar antenna, in particular a horn antenna, behind the surface of a Brand emblems constructively feasible and appear advantageous in the overall view.

Vorzugsweise besitzt eine als Hornantenne ausgeführte Radar-Antenne eine Füllung aus dielektrischem Material. Ihre Abmessungen, insbesondere ihre Abmessungen in Abstrahlrichtung, können dadurch geringer gehalten werden. Es wird somit insgesamt weniger Bauraum hinter dem Marken-Emblem benötigt.Preferably has a radar antenna designed as a horn antenna a filling of dielectric material. Your dimensions, especially their dimensions in the direction of radiation, can be kept lower. It is thus less overall Required space behind the brand emblem.

Vorzugsweise weist die Hornantenne eine Füllung auf, die eine Dielektrizitätszahl besitzt, die im Wesentlichen derjenigen des Kunststoffs des Marken-Emblems entspricht. Somit werden Reflexionen am Übergang bzw. an der Grenzfläche zwischen Füllung und Marken-Emblem verringert bzw. vermieden.Preferably the horn antenna has a filling that has a dielectric constant has, essentially, that of the plastic of the brand emblem equivalent. Thus, reflections at the transition or on the interface between filling and brand emblem reduced or avoided.

Vorzugsweise grenzt die Füllung der Antenne im Wesentlichen spaltfrei unmittelbar an das Marken-Emblem an. Reflexionen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Füllung und Marken-Emblem und Füllung werden so nahezu vollständig vermieden werden und der Bauraum wird optimal ausgenutzt.Preferably The filling of the antenna is essentially gap-free directly to the brand emblem. Reflections at the interface between Fill and brand emblem and stuffing will be like that be almost completely avoided and the space is optimally utilized.

In dem bereits angesprochenen Fall, dass die Antenne zumindest teilweise vom Kunststoff des Marken-Emblems umschlossen wird, kann ein Teil des Kunststoffes des Marken-Emblems zumindest einen Teil der Füllung des Marken-Emblems darstellen.In the already mentioned case that the antenna at least partially enclosed by the plastic of the brand emblem, part of the Plastic of the brand emblem at least part of the filling representing the brand emblem.

Durch das Herstellen einer mechanischen Verbindung zwischen Marken-Emblem und Füllung, z. B. Umspritzen, Anspritzen, Ankleben oder Einrasten, kann eine bauliche Einheit geschaffen werden, die Marken-Emblem und Radar-Antenne umfasst. Planung, Logistik und Montage werden dadurch vereinfacht. Dies gilt auch dann, wenn die Radar-Antenne auf andere Weise zusammen mit dem Marken-Emblem in eine bauliche Einheit integriert ist.By making a mechanical connection between brand emblem and filling, z. As encapsulation, injection molding, gluing or Snap, a structural unit can be created, the brand emblem and radar antenna includes. Planning, logistics and installation will be thereby simplified. This is true even if the radar antenna in a different way together with the brand emblem in a structural Unit is integrated.

Vorzugsweise ist zumindest eine Anschlussleitung der Radar-Antenne aus einer solchen baulichen Einheit herausgeführt und/oder mit einem Steckverbinder an der Außenseite der baulichen Einheit verbunden. Die bauliche Einheit kann so bei der Montage leicht angeschlossen werden. Insbesondere kann die Antenne auf diese Weise gespeist werden und mit der Vorrichtung zur Vorhersage des Heckaufpralls verbunden werden.Preferably is at least one connecting line of the radar antenna from a led out such structural unit and / or with a connector connected to the outside of the structural unit. The Building unit can be easily connected during assembly. In particular, the antenna can be fed in this way and be connected to the device for predicting the rear impact.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Erfindung auch deshalb, weil die erfindungsgemäße Art der Unterbringung der Radar-Antenne ohne Weiteres bzw. mit geringen Produktmodifikationen an verschiedenen Fahrzeug-Modellen eines Fahrzeugherstellers umsetzbar ist. Insbesondere eine leicht montierbare bauliche Einheit aus Marken-Emblem und Radar-Antenne kann somit leicht als Gleichteil in verschiedenen Fahrzeug-Modellen verbaut werden.The invention is also particularly advantageous because the inventive method of housing the radar antenna can be implemented without further ado or with minor product modifications to different vehicle models of a vehicle manufacturer. In particular, an easily assembled structural unit of brand emblem and radar-An Tenne can thus be easily installed as a common part in various vehicle models.

Ist die Antenne nicht als Radar-Antenne, sondern als Kommunikationsantenne ausgebildet, so ist in der beschriebenen Konfiguration auch eine Fahrzeug-zu-Fahrzeug-Kommunikation mit einem oder mehreren nachfolgenden Fahrzeugen möglich.is the antenna not as a radar antenna, but as a communication antenna formed, so in the described configuration is also a vehicle-to-vehicle communication possible with one or more subsequent vehicles.

Die Erfindung betrifft also auch eine Antennenvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass eine Kommunikationsantenne derart hinter einer im Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichteten Oberfläche eines zumindest teilweise aus Kunststoff gefertigten Marken-Emblems am Heck des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet ist, dass die Abstrahlrichtung der Kommunikationsantenne im Wesentlichen senkrecht durch die Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems zum Rückraum hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug weist und dass empfangene Signale der Kommunikationsantenne an eine Vorrichtung zur Kommunikation des Fahrzeugs mit einem anderen Fahrzeug übermittelt werden. Alle oben bzw. nachfolgend beschriebenen bevorzugten konstruktiven Ausführungsformen der Erfindung lassen sich auch auf diese Variante der Erfindung anwenden.The The invention therefore also relates to an antenna device for a motor vehicle, which is characterized in that a communication antenna such behind a substantially vertically aligned surface an at least partially made of plastic brand emblem is arranged at the rear of the motor vehicle, that the emission direction the communication antenna substantially perpendicular through the surface the brand emblem to the rear space behind the motor vehicle and that received signals of the communication antenna to a Device for communicating the vehicle with another vehicle transmitted become. All of the above or below described preferred constructive Embodiments of the invention can also be applied to these Apply variant of the invention.

Im Folgenden wird anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung beschrieben. Daraus ergeben sich weitere Details, bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. Im Einzelnen zeigtin the Below is a preferred with reference to the accompanying drawings Embodiment of the invention described. Result from this further details, preferred embodiments and Further developments of the invention. In detail shows

1 eine Querschnittansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer baulichen Einheit, die ein Marken-Emblem und ein Hornantenne umfasst. 1 a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a structural unit comprising a brand emblem and a horn antenna.

Wie bereits eingangs erläutert sind der Entwicklung von Antennen für Kraftfahrzeuge sowohl durch den zur Verfügung stehenden Bauraum als auch durch das angestrebte Design des Kraftfahrzeugs enge Rahmenbedingungen gesetzt. Aus der Fahrzeug-Silhouette herausragende Antennen sind insbesondere bei Oberklasse-Fahrzeugen unerwünscht. Eine Integration in die Scheiben des Kraftfahrzeugs ist häufig mit Sichtbehinderungen verbunden. Bestimmte Wellentypen sind zudem weder durch vom Kraftfahrzeug abstehende Antennen noch durch Scheibenantennen optimal empfangbar bzw. abstrahlbar.As already explained are the development of antennas for motor vehicles both by the available standing space as well as by the desired design of the motor vehicle set tight conditions. From the vehicle silhouette outstanding Antennas are undesirable especially in luxury class vehicles. Integration into the windows of the motor vehicle is common associated with visual obstructions. Certain wave types are also neither by protruding from the vehicle antennas nor by glass antennas optimally receivable or radiatable.

Diese Randbedingungen fordern kreative Lösungen insbesondere für die Integration von bestimmten Antennentypen.These Boundary conditions demand creative solutions in particular for the integration of certain types of antennas.

Ein geeigneter Ort für eine Antennenintegration für die Frequenzbänder ab etwa 800 MHz (GSM800) ist das an den Fahrzeugen vieler Hersteller zumindest einfach oder gar mehrfach vorhandene Marken-Emblem, sofern dieses im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff gefertigt ist.One suitable place for antenna integration for the frequency bands from about 800 MHz (GSM800) is on the vehicles of many manufacturers at least once or even several times existing brand emblem, provided this is essentially plastic is made.

Die Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems auf der Motorhaube des Kraftfahrzeugs ist geeignet als Abdeckung, insbesondere im Wesentlichen flache oder leicht zum Fahrzeugäußeren gewölbte Abdeckung, für eine Satellitenradio-Antenne (SDARS) und/oder für eine GPS-Antenne. Solche satellitenbasierten Anwendungen erfordern nämlich eine optimale Abstrahlung in Richtung des Himmels. Eine Antenne für solche Anwendungen ist somit vorteilhaft derart hinter einer im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichteten Oberfläche eines zumindest teilweise aus Kunststoff gefertigten Marken-Emblems an bzw. nahe der Motorhaube eines Kraftfahrzeugs anzuordnen, dass die Abstrahlrichtung der Radar-Antenne im Wesentlichen senkrecht durch die Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems in senkrechter Raumrichtung zum Himmel weist. Eine im Wesentlichen horizontale Ausrichtung ist bei Marken-Emblemen, die an bzw. nahe der Motorhaube eines Kraftfahrzeugs angebracht sind, in der Regel ohnehin gegeben.The Surface of a branded emblem on the hood of the Motor vehicle is suitable as a cover, in particular substantially flat or slightly arched to the vehicle exterior Cover, for a satellite radio antenna (SDARS) and / or for a GPS antenna. Such satellite-based applications namely, require optimal radiation in the direction Of the sky. An antenna for such applications is thus advantageously so behind a substantially horizontally oriented Surface of an at least partially made of plastic Trademark emblem on or near the hood of a motor vehicle to arrange that the radiation direction of the radar antenna substantially perpendicular through the surface of the brand emblem in vertical Direction of space facing the sky. A substantially horizontal one Alignment is with brand emblems that are on or near the hood a motor vehicle are mounted, usually given anyway.

Die oben genannte Nutzung der Oberfläche des Emblems als Abdeckung für die Antenne beinhaltet zumindest zwei Ausführungsfälle. Zum einen beinhaltet sie den Fall, dass die Antenne hinter dem Emblem angeordnet ist und das ganze Emblem eine Abdeckung für die Antenne darstellt. Zum anderen beinhaltet sie den Fall, dass die Antenne zumindest teilweise in das Emblem hineinragt und/oder von diesem umschlossen ist, jedoch nicht über die Oberfläche des Emblems hinausragt.The above use of the surface of the emblem as a cover for the antenna includes at least two cases of execution. For one, it includes the case that the antenna behind the emblem is arranged and the whole emblem a cover for represents the antenna. For another, it includes the case that the antenna at least partially protrudes into the emblem and / or is enclosed by this, but not over the surface protruding from the emblem.

Die Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Fahrzeugheck kann insbesondere die Abdeckung nach hinten für eine MIMO-Antenne oder ein Switched-beam-System darstellen. Die in der Regel im Wesentlichen vertikale Ausrichtung eines Marken-Emblems am Fahrzeugheck begünstigt die für typische Anwendungen von solchen Antennen, nämlich terrestrische Anwendungen, erforderliche Abstrahlung im Wesentlichen parallel zur Erdoberfläche.The In particular, the surface of a brand emblem on the rear of the vehicle can the cover to the back for a MIMO antenna or a Switched-beam system represent. Which, in general, essentially vertical orientation of a brand emblem at the rear of the vehicle favors for typical applications of such antennas, namely terrestrial applications, required radiation substantially parallel to the earth's surface.

Für die bauliche Integration hinter der Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems, die als ebene oder zum Fahrzeugäußeren gewölbten Abdeckung dient, sind für satellitenbasierte Anwendungen Patch-Antennen aufgrund ihrer geometrischen Grundform besonders geeignet. Insbesondere mit zirkular polarisierten Patch-Antennen lassen sich in satellitenbasierten Anwendungen gute Resultate erzielen. Neben Patch-Antennen sind aber auch andere für satellitenbasierte Anwendungen einsetzbare Antennentypen, nämlich verkürzte Monopole, verkürzte (Kreuz-)Dipole, Cavity-Antennen oder Loop-Antennen, für die Antennenintegration hinter einer solchen ebenen oder leicht nach außen gewölbten Abdeckung geeignet.For the structural integration behind the surface of a branded emblem, the curved as a flat or to the vehicle exterior Cover is for satellite based applications Patch antennas especially due to their geometric shape suitable. Especially with circularly polarized patch antennas Satisfactory results can be achieved in satellite-based applications. In addition to patch antennas but also others for satellite-based Applicable types of antennas, namely shortened Monopolies, shortened (cross) dipoles, cavity antennas or Loop antennas, for antenna integration behind one such flat or slightly arched outwards Cover suitable.

Für terrestrische Dienste sind, angeordnet hinter der Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs, ebenfalls Cavity-Antennen geeignet. Zudem lassen sich auch Inverted-F Antennen und kurze Horn-Antennen vorteilhaft hinter der Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs anbringen.For Terrestrial services are located behind the surface a brand emblem at the rear of a motor vehicle, also Cavity antennas suitable. In addition, inverted-F antennas and short horn antennas can also be used beneficial behind the surface of a branded emblem attach to the rear of a motor vehicle.

Besonders Hornantennen eignen sich auch zum Betrieb als sehr breitbandige Antennen (pulseradiating horn). Die Antenne wird hierbei am strahlenden Ende mit der Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems abgedeckt. In dieser Konfiguration kann die Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs als Abdeckung für die Antenne eines UltraWideBand(UWB)-Radars zur Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls dienen.Especially Horn antennas are also suitable for operation as very broadband Antennas (pulseradiating horn). The antenna is here at the radiant End covered with the surface of the brand emblem. In This configuration can be the surface of a trademark emblem at the rear of a motor vehicle as a cover for the antenna UltraWideBand (UWB) radar to predict a rear impact serve.

Eine Seitenschnitt einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer baulichen Einheit, die ein Marken-Emblem und ein Hornantenne umfasst, ist in 1 dargestellt.A side section of a preferred embodiment of a structural unit comprising a brand emblem and a horn antenna is shown in FIG 1 shown.

1 zeigt ein so genanntes gefülltes TEM-Horn (transverse electromagnetic horn). Dieses ist als Breitbandantenne z. B. für GSM-Anwendungen und UMTS-Anwendungen nutzbar. Die Hornantenne 1, die eine Füllung 10, seitliche Metallflächen 11a und 11b und eine Speisung 12 umfasst, ist dabei weitgehend hinter dem Emblem 2 angebracht, ragt jedoch teilweise in eine Ausnehmung 20 des Emblems hinein. 1 shows a so-called filled TEM horn (transverse electromagnetic horn). This is as a broadband antenna z. B. for GSM applications and UMTS applications available. The horn antenna 1 that a filling 10 , lateral metal surfaces 11a and 11b and a feed 12 is largely behind the emblem 2 attached, but partially protrudes into a recess 20 of the emblem.

Die Füllung 10 ist aus einem Material ausgeführt, das eine ähnliche Dielektrizitätszahl besitzt wie das Material des Emblems 2. Somit entstehen sehr geringe Reflexionen an der Grenzfläche 3 zwischen Füllung 10 und Emblem 2. Die Füllung 10 des Horns verkleinert außerdem die mechanischen Abmessungen des Horns, die erforderlich sind, um auch Frequenzen im Band ab etwa 800 MHz abstrahlen zu können. Im ungefüllten Fall wäre bei einer Vakuumwellenlänge von 375 mm (= 800 MHz) ein typisches Marken-Emblem deutlich zu klein, um eine erfindungsgemäße Antennenvorrichtung zu ermöglichen. Im vorliegenden bevorzugten Fall besitzt die Hornantenne etwa die Aperturabmessungen 70 × 70 Millimeter. Eine Horn-Antenne für 800 MHz wäre dabei mit einer Füllung mit einer Dielektrizitätszahl von 8 realisierbar.The filling 10 is made of a material having a similar dielectric constant as the material of the emblem 2 , This results in very low reflections at the interface 3 between stuffing 10 and emblem 2 , The filling 10 The horn also reduces the mechanical dimensions of the horn, which are necessary to be able to radiate frequencies in the band from about 800 MHz. In the unfilled case, at a vacuum wavelength of 375 mm (= 800 MHz), a typical brand emblem would be clearly too small to allow an antenna device according to the invention. In the present preferred case, the horn antenna has approximately the aperture dimensions 70 × 70 millimeters. A horn antenna for 800 MHz would be feasible with a filling with a dielectric constant of 8.

Die bauliche Einheit, welche im Wesentlichen gebildet wird durch die Antenne 1, das Emblem 2 und ein Gehäuse 6, aus dem ein Anschluss 4 der Antenne herausgeführt ist, ist eingesetzt in eine im Wesentlichen kreisrunde Öffnung im Kofferraumdeckel 5 des Kraftfahrzeugs. Die Öffnung besitzt einen Durchmesser von ca. 7,5 cm. Das Emblem 2 mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 9 cm verschließt diese Öffnung. In der so entstehenden Unterbrechung der metallischen Außenhaut 5 des Fahrzeugs mit einem Durchmesser von 7,5 cm befindet sich ausschließlich dielektrisches Kunststoffmaterial des Marken-Emblems 2. Die Linien 13 und 14 deuten eine gedachte Verlängerung des Horns bis in die Ebene der metallischen Außenhaut 5 an. Der Querschnitt dieser gedachten Verlängerung liegt innerhalb der Öffnung in der Außenhaut 5. Die Antennenanordnung gewährleistet somit einen unverfälschte Abstrahlcharakteristik der Hornantenne.The structural unit, which is essentially formed by the antenna 1 , the emblem 2 and a housing 6 from which a connection 4 the antenna is led out, is inserted into a substantially circular opening in the boot lid 5 of the motor vehicle. The opening has a diameter of about 7.5 cm. The emblem 2 with a diameter of about 9 cm closes this opening. In the resulting disruption of the metallic outer skin 5 of the vehicle with a diameter of 7.5 cm is only dielectric plastic material of the brand emblem 2 , The lines 13 and 14 suggest an imaginary extension of the horn down to the level of the metallic outer skin 5 at. The cross section of this imaginary extension lies within the opening in the outer skin 5 , The antenna arrangement thus ensures an unadulterated radiation characteristic of the horn antenna.

Die unverfälschte Abstrahlcharakteristik ist von besonderer Bedeutung für die fehlerfreie Funktion einer mit den Antennensignalen versorgten (nicht eigens grafisch dargestellten) Vorrichtung zur Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls.The unadulterated radiation characteristic is of special Meaning for the faultless function of one with the antenna signals supplied (not graphically represented) device for Prediction of a rear impact.

Statt eines Horns mit lediglich zwei Wänden 11a und 11b kann die Hornantenne bei anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung selbstverständlich auch ein Horn mit vier Wänden besitzen.Instead of a horn with only two walls 11a and 11b Of course, in other embodiments of the invention, the horn antenna may also have a horn with four walls.

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • - WO 96/09941 A1 [0016] WO 96/09941 A1 [0016]

Claims (8)

Antennenvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Radar-Antenne derart hinter einer im Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichteten Oberfläche eines zumindest teilweise aus Kunststoff gefertigten Marken-Emblems am Heck des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet ist, dass die Abstrahlrichtung der Radar-Antenne im Wesentlichen senkrecht durch die Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems zum Rückraum hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug weist und dass Signale der Radar-Antenne an eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung übermittelt werden.Antenna device for a motor vehicle, characterized in that a radar antenna is arranged behind a substantially vertically aligned surface of an at least partially made of plastic brand emblem at the rear of the motor vehicle, that the emission direction of the radar antenna substantially perpendicular through the surface of the brand emblem to the rear space behind the motor vehicle and that signals of the radar antenna are transmitted to a device for monitoring the rear vehicle environment. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Radar-Antenne als UltraWideBand-Radar-Antenne betrieben wird.Antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the radar antenna operated as an UltraWideBand radar antenna becomes. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Radar-Antenne als Hornantenne ausgebildet ist.Antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radar antenna is designed as a horn antenna is. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hornantenne eine Füllung aus dielektrischem Material aufweist.Antenna device according to claim 3, characterized in that that the horn antenna is a filling of dielectric material having. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hornantenne eine Füllung aufweist, die eine Dielektrizitätszahl besitzt, die im Wesentlichen derjenigen des Kunststoffs des Marken-Emblems entspricht.Antenna device according to claim 4, characterized in that the horn antenna has a filling which has a relative permittivity has, essentially, that of the plastic of the brand emblem equivalent. Antennenvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Radar-Antenne zusammen mit dem Marken-Emblem in eine bauliche Einheit integriert ist.Antenna device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the radar antenna together integrated with the brand emblem in a structural unit. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Anschlussleitung der Radar-Antenne aus der baulichen Einheit herausgeführt ist und/oder mit einem Steckverbinder an der Außenseite der baulichen Einheit verbunden ist.Antenna device according to Claim 6, characterized that at least one connecting line of the radar antenna from the structural unit led out and / or with a connector the outside of the structural unit is connected. Antennenvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Signale der Radar-Antenne an eine Vorrichtung zur Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls übermittelt werden.Antenna device according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that signals of the radar antenna transmitted to a device for predicting a rear impact become.
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