DE102007048914A1 - Solar generator arrangement for use in e.g. building, has switch unit within series connection such that partial voltage of sections is tripped into sub-section of connection by low resistant connection of output and input of sub-section - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement has an electronic switch unit (SC) switched to an off mode and separating a generator output from a continuous circuit by short circuiting a generator circuit. The switch unit is provided within a series connection such that a generator partial voltage of sections is tripped into a sub-section of the series connection by low resistant connection of an output of the sub-section with an input of the sub-section. The switch unit is assigned to a practical solar module (SM), and trips the generator voltage of the solar module. An independent claim is also included for a method for installation of solar module of a solar generator arrangement.

Description

The The invention relates to a solar generator arrangement.

Solar generator arrangements with a plurality of solar modules usually contain at least a series connection of several solar modules. The generator voltages of the individual solar modules of a series connection add up within the series connection to a total voltage, which several hundred Volt can reach.

The handling of such solar generators during assembly and maintenance and in case of accidents is therefore not without its problems. In the DE 10 2005 018 173 A1 a method and an arrangement for the safe interruption of operation of a photovoltaic system is described. In this case, in the vicinity of a generator field arranged outside a building, a protective device is inserted in the line connection between the generator field and a converter device arranged inside a building, in particular an inverter for feeding in the network, by means of which the generator field can be short-circuited. The short circuit of the generator field avoids that generated by the generator field electric power causes damage on the connecting line or in the building, for example in the event of a fire in the building. The protective device can be operated remotely via a control line, with manual triggering as well as triggering by a fault indicator, eg. B. may be provided a fire alarm. A reset of the protective device in the operating state of the system can be done manually or automatically.

Of the present invention is based on the object of a solar generator arrangement, a suitable solar module and a method for installing a Solar module in a solar generator arrangement with safety aspects indicate advantageous properties.

invention Solutions are in the independent claims described. The dependent claims contain advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention.

The Subdivision of a series connection of solar modules into several sections and the shutdown of the generator power of such a subsection by low - impedance connection of the output and the input of the Subsection by switching means advantageously allows a largely safe handling of the section both during installation and maintenance as well as in case of failure. As an exit be the terminal called, which in the regular Generator operation at higher electrical potential (positive pole) is located as input, the terminal at a lower potential (Negative pole). The low-resistance connection of input and output forms as in the prior art for the entire generator field known, a substantial short circuit through which the generator output voltage is reduced to the forward voltage of the switching means and This also essentially shuts off the generator power becomes. The generator current causes in the switching means due to their Low-impedance connection of input and output only a low power loss.

Preferably individually controllable solar modules are each assigned switching means, by means of which the generator power of the respective solar module can be switched off by low-impedance connection of its input and output is. The individual solar module then forms a turn-off section a series circuit of a plurality of solar modules. following are without limiting the generality of other sections the Subsections as individually manageable, in particular individually in the series connection insertable and removable solar modules treated.

The Switching means are advantageously structurally associated with an associated Solar module united, in particular, by the solar panel a junction box is assigned, in which the switching means are housed. Junction boxes on solar modules are known per se. The terminals of the individual modules can in a conventional manner in regular Operating current direction through a bypass diode or a comparable element to be bridged, whereby in the case of a defective or shaded module the current of the Series connection can be routed past this module. The Diode can advantageously also in such a junction box be arranged. In another version can the switching means and / or the bypass diode also part of a basic construction of the series connection and with the individual Solar modules be detachably connectable.

In a preferred embodiment, the switching means in an operating switching state in regular operation of the solar generator arrangement are high-impedance and remain after switching to the low-impedance shutdown latching in this shutdown state, at least as long as the solar module provides a generator current. The solar means are advantageously during the presence of generator power, ie actuated during light incidence on the solar module. For the switchover from the operating switching state into the switch-off state, a short actuation of the switching means then suffices when the solar module is active, ie a solar module supplying light from the generator or a generator voltage, which both manually at the location of the solar module or via a control line from this spaced as well as automatically, for. B. can be done via a fault sensor. Advantageously, in the solar module, preferably on the aforementioned junction box, a manually operable hand have, z. B. a button for a manual switching of the switching means of a to be inserted into a series circuit solar module and additionally provided an electrical control line for remote switching of the switching state.

For the transition of the switching means of the low-resistance behavior in the off state to the high resistance behavior in the operation switching state the switching means can in a first advantageous embodiment be provided that the switching means remain in the off state, as long as a generator current as a short-circuit current of the respective solar module flows through the switching means, and that after omission of the Generator current through the switching means this in the high-impedance State falling back as a regular switching state.

Therefor can the switching means in a particularly advantageous embodiment a thyristor as a first switching element included, which locks in a regular operating state and after application of an ignition pulse passes into a conductive state and remains in this conductive state as long as the generator current as a short-circuit current flows through the thyristor and a Holder current does not fall below. After elimination of the current is the Thyristor again blocking and remains even after renewed concern blocking a generator voltage until a new ignition pulse is switched back to the low-resistance state. The omission the generator current can z. B. by shading the light entry surface of the solar module or caused by the onset of darkness. be.

In another version can by an additional Switching element, which is connected in parallel with the thyristor, short-circuit the passage of the thyristor, so that during a period of time leading to deletion the thyristor sufficient, the generator current through the addi tional Switching element flows and the holding current of the thyristor is fallen short of. The additional switching element, which an electronic switching element or a mechanical, in particular may be electromechanical switching element in the manner of a relay, is preferably monostable in a blocking state and falls after only short-term operation again in the blocking State back.

Of the Thyristor can also be turned off in an advantageous embodiment GTO thyristor be formed.

Instead of a monostable blocking additional switching element Parallel to the first switching element can also be a monostable low-impedance additional switching element in series with the first switching element switched and to reset the first switching element temporarily displaceable in a high-impedance blocking state be.

In further advantageous embodiment can be provided that for resetting the fired thyristors in the high-impedance state, the connection line of the series connection short-circuited to an interface device for a short time, so that the voltage across the entire series circuit is below the forward voltage of the thyristors drops and these are deleted become. Since the thereby flowing short-circuit current is not or only insignificantly above the generator current in the regular Operation is possible, for such a short circuit advantageously inexpensive commercial electronic switching elements are used. In particular, can such a short circuit advantageously using the z. B. in an inverter in a conventional H-bridge circuit existing electronic switching elements are generated by two in series connected between the input terminals of the inverter and in inverter mode in push-pull switch be briefly switched together.

In again other design, the switching means bistable, d. H. in both switching states without power supply be executed persistent, for example in the form of a switching bistable relay as a switching element. To switch Such switching means is only one actuating pulse for each switching direction required, preferably the opposite switching directions assigned pulses are different, for example, opposed Have current directions.

In Advantageous design can be provided that the Switching state of the switching means is visually recognizable, for what advantageously a light source, in particular a light-emitting diode arrangement with Input and output are connected in such a way that with a high-resistance state the switching means then lying between the terminals Generator voltage causes a light emission of the light source, whereas the light source at low impedance shorted terminals and the resulting low voltage between the terminals the light source remains dark.

For a remote operation of the switching means in the individual solar modules, a separate control line is advantageously provided, which is preferably common to all solar modules of a series circuit. The control line is advantageously at the switching means of the Ge neratorstrom potential separated, for which the switching means advantageously contain optoelectronic coupling elements or electromagnetic actuating coils, which are connected to the control line and affect this when actuated by a control signal on the control line by potential-isolated switch in the generator circuit in the desired sense. The control line can be used in particular in the potential separation in the switching means advantageously for all solar modules of a generator field even when arranged in several series circuits together. Due to the individual disconnectability of the generator voltages of the individual solar modules, the generator voltage of the solar module to be installed at the beginning of the installation, which is typically made during incidence of light on the solar module, by low-resistance connection of input and output in an advantageous manner in the installation of a solar module in a series circuit Despite the incidence of light, the described manner minimizes output voltage and output current of the solar module into the series connection, thereby ensuring safe handling of the solar module during the installation process. Preferably, already installed solar modules of the series circuit are switched off until the installation process is completed. After completion of the installation of the entire series circuit or a plurality of series circuits of a generator field, the switching means of the individual solar modules can be reset in one of the described types, in particular by means of a control signal via a common control line in the high-resistance operating switching state.

The remote-controlled shutdown and / or switching on of the individual solar modules, which preferably via a common control line for all solar modules of a series connection or if necessary also several series connections takes place simultaneously, requires in the individual switching means advantageously only a small Dielectric strength, since the manual generator voltage of individual Solar modules usually well below 100 V, typically between 20V and 25V. Switching off the solar modules of a series connection is advantageous, for example, in the case of a fault, such as a grid separation in an inverter or insbesonde re a fire in a solar generator system supporting building or parts of the facility. The shutdown can z. B. to a central point of the plant itself or also separated from this, z. B. in a fire station or over a wireless remote control. A shutdown can also automatically via a fault sensor, eg. B. over a network detector in an inverter arrangement or over a fire detector done.

A Switching off the individual individual generator voltages, preferably common for all solar modules of a series circuit is also of particular advantage for the removal of a solar module from a series connection. Due to the individual shutdown also the other solar modules occurs at the gap of the withdrawn Solar module no significant voltage on.

One Protection of a solar generator arrangement with a plurality of solar modules by reducing the power output from the solar modules can also be done in another way, that protective devices Shading means for shading at least a part of the light incident surfaces contain the solar modules. Upon activation of the protective devices, For example, in one of the incidents already described manually or automatically, the protective devices cause a at least partial shading of the light incident surface and thus prevent the light from falling on the shaded surface parts. This causes photovoltaic cells in the shaded area Areas themselves do not generate generator power and in the usual serial interconnection of a plurality of photovoltaic cells within a solar module also those of unshaded cells attenuate generated generator power internally.

The Shading agents preferably contain at least one storage vessel a light absorbing liquid and the light incident surfaces of Solar modules facing output ports. A control device causes the discharge of liquid from the at least one Reservoir over the dispensing openings on the light incidence surfaces and absorbs incidental Light in front of the photovoltaic cells.

In A first embodiment provides that the at least a reservoir is arranged higher than the discharge openings and the light incident surfaces and that the liquid by gravity of the reservoir flows to the discharge openings. The reservoir can advantageously also under be elevated pressure, in particular by means of an under higher than the atmospheric pressure Pressure gas volume, and the liquid flows under the action of such increased pressure of the at least one reservoir to the dispensing openings.

Preferably, a reservoir for several or all solar modules is provided together and connected to these via a conduit system. The discharge openings are preferably arranged directly at the light incidence surfaces, with typically inclined light incidence surfaces preferably along their upper edge. There can also be several Reservoir, in particular individually provided individual solar modules associated reservoir for the liquid to be provided. In this case, a pressurized gas can be provided decentrally both in the individual storage containers as well as fed via a gas line system the individual storage containers.

The Control device advantageously includes a valve assembly with one or more controllable valves, which at least release a flow path of the liquid and / or the Supply of pressurized gas for displacement of liquid from one or more storage containers cause.

The Liquid is advantageously quick-drying and adhering well to a glass cover of the light incident surfaces.

The The invention is based on preferred embodiments illustrated in detail with reference to the figures. there shows.

1 a solar generator arrangement with a series connection of several solar modules,

2 a junction box with switching means to a solar module,

3 an embodiment of switching means,

4 Time sequences with changing switching states of the switching means,

5 a variant of the restoration of Scahltmitteln

6 an advantageous embodiment 5

7 a solar generator arrangement with Flüssigkeitsabschattung.

1 schematically shows a solar generator arrangement with a plurality of solar modules SM1, SM2, ... SMN. Each of the solar modules has two terminals and the solar modules are electrically connected in series. Each solar module has a first connection terminal (K11 at SM1, K21 at SM2, KN1 at SMN) as input and a second connection terminal (K12 at SM1, K22 at SM2, KN2 at SMN) as output, whereby in the electrical series connection the output K12 of a first solar module SM2 is connected to the input K21 of a second solar module SM2 and so on. Generator voltages UM1, UM2,... UMN generated by the solar modules upon incidence of light on the light incidence surfaces add up in the series connection to a generator total voltage UG between input K11 of first solar module SM1 and output KN2 of last solar module SMN. The module current is uniform across all solar modules equal to a generator current IG. Via a connecting line VL, the input K11 and the output KN2 of the series connection in the example outlined are connected to an inverter WR, which generates an AC voltage from the DC power of the solar generator arrangement and feeds it into an AC voltage network NE. Instead of the inverter WR, it is also possible to provide another interface device, for example a battery charging circuit.

at the individual solar modules, in particular on the light incident surface opposite back of the solar modules are junction boxes AD provided which individually associated with the respective solar modules are. In the junction boxes AD controllable switching means are housed, which via a control line SL by a control device SE are controllable. The control device SE can in particular manually operated elements for manual release of Control signals and / or sensors for the automated triggering of Control signals included. The control line SL is parallel to switching means created in the junction boxes of all solar modules.

Around with shading of a solar module with simultaneous generator operation other solar modules and / or in case of failure of a solar module, the solar generator assembly with the remaining active solar modules as effectively as possible To operate, it is known, the terminals a solar module by means of a bypass diode in the direction of the generator current of the solar generator assembly to bridge. Such bypass diodes can also be housed in the junction boxes AD. The junction boxes AD can advantageously already from the manufacturer connected to the solar modules and with the switching means, bridging diodes and optionally other electrical and electronic components be provided.

In 2 schematically is an example of an arrangement of components within such a junction box in a solar module SM, which contains a plurality of series and / or parallel photovoltaic cells PZ outlined, wherein the terminals of the array of cells PZ with P- and P + are designated , The generator current of the solar module SM is denoted by IM. The connection P- is connected to the terminal K1 as input and the connection P + to the terminal K2 as output.

In regular generator mode, when the light falls on the light incident surface of the solar module, bewir ken the cells PZ a generator current IM from the input K1 to the output K2 and a generator voltage UM between the output and input. An advantageously provided light source, for example a light-emitting diode LE is arranged with respect to the generator voltage UM in the forward direction between the terminals K2 and K1 and lights up when the generator voltage UM of the solar module reaches a minimum value. The light source LE thus indicates the active generator operation of the solar module.

A bypass diode DU is also connected between the terminals K1 and K2, with respect to the generator voltage UM but blocking poled and thus has no influence on the generator voltage or the Generator power. The bypass diode DU occurs then the solar module SM bridging in function, if the solar module SM because of shading of the cells PZ and / or because of a defect no generator voltage UM delivers more and within a series circuit would form a consumer. The generator current of the remaining solar modules of the series connection then flows over with little loss of power the bypass diode DU.

In the junction box switching means SC are further arranged and electrically connected between the terminals K1 and K2. The switching means are represented by a switching element SE in the form of a switch, which is opened in a regular operating switching state is and the electrical connection via the switching means between terminals K1 and K2 interrupts. The switch can be closed and then forms a low-impedance connection between the terminals K1 and K2, at least for a current direction from the terminal K2 to the terminal K1. The low-resistance connection via the closed switching element forms a short circuit between the terminals K1 and K2, so that the generator voltage UM is substantially zero or one remaining forward voltage of the switching means SC drops. The generator current IM of the solar module SM then flows from the terminal P + of the cell array via the switching means SC to port P-. Due to the power source characteristics of the illuminated solar module is the generator current IM in the event of a short circuit as substantially equal to the generator current in the regular To view generator operation. With closed switching element SE, d. H. at for the generator current IM of the solar module SM short-circuited terminals will be at the terminals K1 and K2 delivered substantially no power to the outside, assuming that the forward voltage of the switching means SC is very low compared to the generator voltage UM of Solar module in regular generator mode. When closed Switch SE is therefore the solar module SM in terms of electrical Danger easy to handle, because only a small Forward voltage of the switching means between the terminals K1, K2 is given.

to closing operation of the switching means SE can advantageously a manually operable element MS be provided at or in the junction box AD. advantageously, the switching means SC are designed so that after closing the switching element SE and leadership of the generator current IM as a short-circuit current through the switching means the switching element SE remains in the closed state, even without the operating element MS permanently actuated or mechanically locked. The switching means For this purpose, in particular a bistable relay or preferably a thyristor as a switching element included.

The Switching element SE of the switching means may further by a control signal SS on the control line SL be actuated by what a branch line from the control line SL and an arrow in the direction of Switching element SE is indicated. Advantageously, via the control line SL not only a control signal to close of the switching element SE, but also another control signal for opening the Transfer switching element SE from the closed state become.

3 schematically shows a structure of switching means SC with a thyristor SE1 as a first switching element. A well-known for thyristors in different embodiments ignition circuit ZS is connected to the control electrode of the thyristor and is preferably powered by the stand in Betriebsschaltzu adjacent generator voltage UM to generate an ignition pulse for the thyristor, if necessary.

in the Operation switching state, the thyristor blocks the path between the Terminals K2 and K1 and the generator output as a product from generator voltage UM and generator current IM is connected in series delivered as a partial service. When the generator voltage UM is turned off is to be, for example, for assembly work or in an accident, such as a fire, is about the ignition circuit ZS an ignition pulse for triggered the thyristor and the thyristor goes into a low-impedance Switch off state over, in which the voltage between the terminals K1 and K2 drops to the forward voltage of the thyristor.

The ignition control ZS can be actuated via the manual control element MS as well as by a control signal SS transmitted via the control line SL for triggering an ignition pulse. Advantageously, the ignition is actuated control ZS by a control signal SS with potential separation between the switching element SE1 and the control line SL, in particular via an optoelectronic coupling element, such as an optocoupler OK1.

Of the Thyristor as the first switching element S1 has the property that it maintains the low-impedance shutdown state from K2 to K1, as long as a current from the terminal K2 to the terminal K1 flows and does not fall below a holding current. To Elimination of a current through the thyristor, this goes back into the high-impedance state and remains in the high-impedance Status.

An elimination of the current through the thyristor is given, for example, when no more light is incident on the cells PZ of the solar module, for example, by targeted shading or at nightfall. In order to put the thyristor targeted back from its low-impedance shutdown in the high-impedance operating switching state, various measures from the prior art are known per se. In 3 is outlined for the described application in a solar module particularly advantageously variant in which the thyristor is bridged by a further switching element SE2. The further switching element SE2 is in a quiescent state of high impedance, which in 3 outlined by an open switch. The further switching element SE2 is controllable in such a way that by means of a further control signal SO via the control line SL, the further switching element SE2 can be placed in a low-resistance state, in which the generator current IM of the solar module no longer flows through the thyristor as the first switching element S1, but via the further switching element SE2, wherein the forward voltage of the further switching element SE2 is so low that the current through the thyristor is deleted. The further switching element SE2 may be an electromagnetic relay or preferably a further semiconductor component. The derivation of the generator current IM via the further switching element SE2 needs to be done only for a short period of time, which is sufficient to extinguish the thyristor S1. Preferably, the further switching element SE2 is in turn electrically isolated on its in the closed state the generator current IM leading switch side of the control line SL, for which a potential separation stage OK2, for example in the form of another optocoupler is located. A wiring of the further switching element SE2 is not specified in detail and is known per se from the prior art for various suitable semiconductor components. The potential separation stage OK2 can also be given by the potential separation of a coil of an electromagnetic relay of the switch contacts.

advantageously, is sufficient for the switching of the switching means SC from the high-impedance operating switching state to the low-impedance switching off state a short pulse-shaped control signal SS for ignition of the thyristor and / or for switching from the low-resistance Abschaltzustand in the high-impedance operating state a short pulse-shaped another control signal SO for actuating the further switching element SE2 and quenching of the thyristor SEI. For the transmission the various control signals SS, SO on the control line SL can an at least three-wire control line SL or as outlined Example, a two-wire control line SL with wires SL1, SL2 be provided, in the latter case sketched the two Control signals, for example, by different polarity of the control signals distinguished on the wires of the control line SL and rectifier elements in the direction of the potential separation stages OK1, OK2 selectively each addressed potential separation stages or switching elements are.

4 shows two examples of a time course of the shutdown of a generator voltage and their reconnection, wherein 4 (A) the reclosing via a control signal SO, for example to a switching element as the further switching element SE2 takes place and in 4 (B) the reconnection takes place automatically by omission of the generator current.

According to both variants 4 (A) and 4 (B) is common that starting from a regular operation of the solar module in a period TA, in which the generator voltage UM has a value U1 and the generator current IM has a value I1, the switching means SC, for example in the form of the switching element SE1 in an operating switching state ZB and in this are high impedance. At a time t1, by manual or automatic triggering, for a short period TB a pulse-shaped control signal SS he testifies, by which the switching means or the switching element SE1 are switched to a low-impedance shutdown ZA and the generator voltage drops to the forward voltage U0 of the switching means , The switching means remain in the low-resistance shut-off state ZA even after the end of the pulse-shaped control signal SS. The generator current IM is assumed to be largely constant and only slightly higher in TB than in TA and flows in the period TC via the switching means SC from the terminal K2 to the terminal K1 of the solar module. At a time t2, for example after completion of the assembly of a series connection of solar modules, preferably a pulse-shaped control signal SO is generated by which the previously in a quiescent high-resistance switching element SE2 of the high-impedance switching state ZH in the low-impedance switching state ZL passes. The duration TD of the pulse of the control signal SO or of the low-impedance switching state ZL of the further switching element SE2 is dimensioned such that during this time the first switching element SE1 returns from the low-impedance shut-off state ZA into the high-resistance operating switching state ZB. The generator current IM flows through the further switching element SE2 during the period TD, which only needs to be fractions of seconds. With the elimination of the pulse-shaped control signal SO, the further switching element SE2 goes back to the high-resistance holding state ZH and, since the switching element SEI is in the high-resistance operating switching state ZB, the short circuit on the switching means SC is canceled and the generator voltage between the terminals K2 and K1 again assumes the operating state value U1 and the solar module returns its partial power in the series connection of the solar generator arrangement. The signal states of the control signals are denoted by or 0.

In the example of the 4 (B) is, starting from the regular operating condition and the shutdown of the generator voltage UM from the operating value U1 to the switch-off U0 by switching the first switching element SEI in a low-impedance shutdown by a pulse-shaped control signal SS1 the period TC to the loss of light, for example, darkness, to a Retain time t3. After elimination of the incident light fall generator current IM and generator voltage UM to zero and the holding condition for the off state of the first switching element SE2 (short-circuit current between the terminals) is eliminated and the switching element SE1 goes back into the high-resistance state and remains in this, so that again Light incidence at a time t4, in particular after sunrise, the solar module again electrical power with regular generator current value 11 and generator voltage value U1 generated and fed into the series connection of the solar modules.

In 5 is an advantageous embodiment for resetting self-holding first switching elements SE1 sketched in the switching means SC, wherein the first switching elements SEI can be designed in particular as thyristors. This is in the example of the 5 provided that by means of third switching means SE3, the connection line VL can be short-circuited, that is, the poles the connection line corresponding to the potentials at the input terminal K11 of the first solar module SM1 and KN2 of the last solar module SMN a series connection are connected via the third switching means SE3 low impedance. The third switching means SE3 can in particular at or, as below with reference to 6 explained, be arranged in an inverter WR or other interface circuit.

outgoing from the situation that the solar modules SM1, SM2, ... illuminates SMN are and each supply generator currents which over the fired thyristors as first switching means SE1 at the individual solar modules are short-circuited, lies between the terminals K11 and KN2 a low voltage as the sum of the forward voltages of the plurality of thyristors SE1. The switching means SE3 are at rest open. If, starting from this situation, the switching means SE3 are closed, this reduces the voltage between terminals K11 and KN2 the series connection of the solar modules SM1 to SMN on the forward voltage the switching means SE3. This can at the occurring currents with common commercial electronic Switching elements readily in an order of magnitude of 0.1 volts or less. This will cause the forward voltage the first switching means SEI falls below and the module currents no longer flow as short-circuit currents the individual first switching means SEI at the associated Solar modules, but again as the entire generator current of the series connection the third switching means SE3. The amperage of this generator short-circuit current of Series connection is due to the power source characteristics of the solar modules essentially the same as previously on the first switching elements SE1 flowing single module currents. By the Elimination of short-circuit currents over the first Switching elements SEI for the duration of closing the third switching means SE3 extinguish the thyristors and remain locked when reopening the switching means SE3, so that after that again the generator voltage across the connecting line or between the terminals K11 and KN2 is applied and a regular Operation of the arrangement can be included.

The Closing the switching means SE3 can be on a short period of time be limited, which is sufficient to the thyristors as the first switching means SEI reliably delete.

In 6 is outlined a particularly advantageous embodiment, in which as third switching means in a H-bridge circuit of an inverter typically already existing switching elements as third switching means SE3H be exploited. In the conventional H-bridge circuit is between the DC input terminals plus (+) and minus (-) of the inverter, a circuit arrangement with four individually controllable transistors TA, TB, TC and TD. These are arranged between the terminals of the inverter in two parallel series circuits each having two transistors. Taps between the two Transisto Ren each series circuit are provided for connection to a load LA, wherein such a load LA, for example, a device for feeding electrical power into an AC voltage network or a reversible DC motor or an AC motor can be. In the H-bridge circuit, the transistors TA and TD are in phase with each other and in opposite directions to the mutually equally phased actuated transistors TC and TB controlled in regular operation. This results alternately a current through TA, LA and TD or TC, LA and TB and thus a switchable current direction through the load LA.

Such an H-bridge circuit can advantageously be used for in 5 described reset the acting as a first switching means SEI ignited thyristors are used by both transistors of one of the two series circuits are driven simultaneously to passage, which in 6 for the transistors TA and TB is indicated by the arrows. When both transistors TA and TB (or TC and TD) are activated, a short-circuit current flows between the terminals plus (+) and minus (-) of the inverter. With regard to the current intensity, the short-circuit current is approximately equal to the current which also flows through the transistors during regular operation, so that there is no danger of overloading of the transistors in the case of a deliberately induced short-circuit. The transistors of the H-bridge circuit have, in order to keep the losses in the normal operation within the H-bridge circuit as low as possible, a low on-resistance, so that in the deliberately induced short-circuit the voltage drop across the series connection of the two transistors TA and TB is very low and the forward voltage of the first switching elements SE1 falls well below, so that the switching elements SEI can be reliably deleted.

In 7 a protective device for a solar generator arrangement is sketched in which in solar modules SMF, in particular close to an upper edge OR of such solar modules in inclined alignment, an arrangement DA, for example a nozzle arrangement, for dispensing a liquid on the light incident surfaces of the solar modules SMF are arranged. The dispensing arrangement contains, for example, a plurality of dispensing openings AO, via which a liquid can be dispensed directed onto the light incident surfaces of the solar modules SMF. A liquid FL is held in a supply container VB, which can be supplied to the output arrangements DA in the individual solar modules SMF via a controllable valve SV and a line system IS by opening the controllable valve SV by means of a control signal ST. The liquid FL can flow under the influence of gravity and / or under the action of a pressurized gas volume GV in the reservoir from the reservoir to the individual dispensing assemblies DA and pour over the light entry surface of the solar modules. In 5 is the left of the two solar modules drawn with a free, translucent light entrance surface LF prior to actuation of the controllable valve ST and the right of the solar modules represented by a liquid film AF shaded light entrance surface after opening the controllable valve SV. Due to the shading liquid film AF after opening the valve, the generator power of the shaded by the liquid film AF solar modules is substantially switched off or at least reduced so much that the output to an interface device, such as an inverter or even to a connec tion line to such an interface device generator power the total series connection remains negligibly small and can no longer represent a source of danger for people or energy sources for further damage. For this purpose, the liquid FL is designed to be sufficiently light-absorbing and advantageously adheres well to the light entry surface LF of the solar modules. After washing the liquid films AF from the light entry surfaces of the solar modules, the solar generator assembly can be put into operation again.

The above and those specified in the claims and the features that can be seen in the illustrations are both individual and also advantageously feasible in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but in the context of expert knowledge in many ways Way changeable.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• DE 102005018173 A1 [0003]

Claims (23)

Solar generator arrangement having a plurality of solar modules as individually manageable DC generators, which are arranged in a module array and electrically connected in one or more series circuits and the electric generator power is supplied via a supply line of a feed device, and with electronic switching means which are displaceable in a shutdown and by means Whose generator power in this shutdown state by shorting a generator circuit can be separated from a secondary circuit and means for actuating the switching means, characterized in that a plurality of switching means are provided within a series circuit, by means of which in each case on a portion of the series circuit, the generator partial voltage of this section low-impedance connection of the output of the sub-section with the input can be switched off. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized individually manageable solar modules individually switching means are assigned, by means of which the generator voltage of the associated Solar module is switched off. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized that the individually associated switching means structurally with the solar module united. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized that on the side facing away from the light incidence side of the solar module is arranged a junction box, which the the Solar module associated switching means contains. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching means after actuation in the off state by the short-circuit current latching remain. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that that the switching means automatically after elimination of generator power go into a high-impedance operating switching state. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that that the switching means during the presence of generator power can be displaced into a high-impedance operating switching state. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the actuating means a include manually operable handle at the location of the switching means. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the actuating means at least a control cable for remote controlled electrical operation the switching means included. Arrangement according to claim 9, characterized that for all switching means of a series connection of solar modules a common control line is provided. Arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the switching means are electrically isolated between a generator connected to the generator circuit Switching side and connected to the control line control side are executed. Arrangement according to claim 11, characterized that the switching means contain a potential-separating optocoupler. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the switching means by an electrical Pulse are actuated. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the switching means comprise a thyristor. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the actuating means a Incident sensor included. Arrangement according to claim 15, characterized the fault sensor contains a fire detector. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the fault sensor a Includes network detector in an inverter assembly. Solar module with an input and an output and with photovoltaic cells, which at light incidence a generator voltage and / or provide a generator current between input and output, characterized in that associated with the solar module switching means are, by means of which the output for the generator current of the solar module low impedance traceable to the input and the generator circuit is short circuitable. A method for installing a solar module of a solar generator arrangement having a plurality of solar modules, characterized in that the solar module associated switching means are placed in a low-impedance off state during light incidence on the active module surface of a solar module in which the generator circuit is short-circuited via the switching means that the solar module in the shutdown state of the switching means in the series circuit electrically installed is, and that after completion of the series circuit, the switching means of all connected in the series circuit solar modules are placed in a high-impedance operating switching state. Solar generator arrangement with a plurality of solar modules and with protective devices to reduce the solar modules emitted generator power, characterized in that the Protective device Shading means for shading at least one Part of the light incident surfaces of the solar modules included. Arrangement according to claim 20, characterized in that the shading means comprises at least one storage vessel a light-absorbing liquid, the light incident surfaces facing discharge ports and control devices for dispensing of liquid from the reservoir over the discharge opening on the light incident surfaces included. Arrangement according to claim 21, characterized that the reservoir is arranged higher as the delivery ports and the fluid through Gravity effect from the reservoir to the discharge ports flows. Arrangement according to claim 21, characterized that the reservoir is under pressure.