DE102005021464A1 - Intermediate heat exchanger for air-conditioning loop, has heat exchange ribs filling compartment between tube and two opposing walls, where refrigerant flowing through compartment does not flow through large space - Google Patents
Intermediate heat exchanger for air-conditioning loop, has heat exchange ribs filling compartment between tube and two opposing walls, where refrigerant flowing through compartment does not flow through large space Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102005021464A1 DE102005021464A1 DE102005021464A DE102005021464A DE102005021464A1 DE 102005021464 A1 DE102005021464 A1 DE 102005021464A1 DE 102005021464 A DE102005021464 A DE 102005021464A DE 102005021464 A DE102005021464 A DE 102005021464A DE 102005021464 A1 DE102005021464 A1 DE 102005021464A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- container
- tube
- chamber
- compartment
- heat exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D7/1692—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/005—Other auxiliary members within casings, e.g. internal filling means or sealing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/18—Optimization, e.g. high integration of refrigeration components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
- F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
- F28F2009/224—Longitudinal partitions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
- F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Zwischenkühlung des Kältemittels, das in einem Klimakreislauf zirkuliert, enthaltend: Kompressor, Gaskühler, Verdampfer (Wärmetauscher) und Expansionsventil und dabei eine Hochdruckseite und eine Niederdruckseite durchläuft, in denen das Kältemittel unterschiedliche Temperatur besitzt, wobei die Vorrichtung ein flaches Mehrkammerrohr aufweist, durch das die eine Seite strömt, und das in einem Behälter angeordnet ist, durch den die andere Seite strömt.The The invention relates to a device for intercooling the Refrigerant circulating in an air conditioning circuit containing: compressor, Gas cooler, Evaporator (heat exchanger) and expansion valve and a high pressure side and a low pressure side goes through in which the refrigerant is different Temperature, wherein the device is a flat multi-chamber tube through which the one side flows, and arranged in a container is, through which flows the other side.
Eine
Vorrichtung dieser Art, die oftmals auch als innerer Wärmetauscher
in transkritischen Klimakreisläufen
bezeichnet wird, ist aus der
In
der
Eine andere Vorrichtung für dasselbe Anwendungsgebiet, ist aus dem US-Patent Nr. 6 681 597 B1 bekannt. Dort strömen die Hochdruckseite und die Niederdruckseite jeweils durch ein stranggepresstes, flaches Mehrkammerrohr, die miteinander über die Länge des Behälters verbunden sind, in dem sich beide Mehrkammerrohre befinden. Die bekannte Vorrichtung ist hinsichtlich ihrer Leistung und auch hinsichtlich ihres Herstellungsaufwandes verbesserungsbedüftig.A other device for the same field of application is known from US Pat. No. 6,681,597 B1 known. There flow the high pressure side and the low pressure side respectively by an extruded, flat multi-chamber tube, which are connected to each other over the length of the container in which both multi-chamber pipes are located. The known device is with regard to their performance and also in terms of their production costs verbesserungsbedüftig.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, mit anderen Gestaltungsmerkmalen eine hinsichtlich Kompaktheit und Funktionalität vergleichbare Vorrichtung vorzuschlagen, die sich günstiger herstellen lässt.The The object of the invention is, with other design features a compactness and functionality comparable device to propose, which is cheaper can be produced.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ergibt sich bei der Vorrichtung gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch die Merkmale in dessen kennzeichnendem Teil.The solution according to the invention in the device according to the preamble of claim 1 by the features in its characterizing part.
Demnach ist der Behälter ein schlanker, druckstabiler Behälter, der im Wesentlichen über seine gesamte Länge als Wärmetauscher ausgebildet ist. Das Mehrkammerrohr ist mit Wärmetauschrippen besetzt, die den verbleibenden Querschnitt des Behälters oder wenigstens den Querschnitt einer Abteilung des Behälters etwa ausfüllen. Das Mehrkammerrohr erstreckt sich gerade durch den Behälter, weshalb u. a. die Herstellungsfreundlichkeit zu erwarten ist.Therefore is the container a slim, pressure-stable container, the essentially over his entire length as a heat exchanger is trained. The multi-chamber tube is filled with heat exchange ribs, the the remaining cross section of the container or at least the cross section a section of the container fill in about. The multi-chamber tube extends straight through the container, which is why u. a. the manufacturing friendliness is to be expected.
Das Mehrkammerrohr und der Behälter sind vorzugsweise mittels Extrusionsverfahren hergestellte Teile. Da der Behälter über seine gesamte Länge als Wärmetauscher ausgebildet ist, ist mit guten Ergebnissen hinsichtlich der Wärmetauscheffizienz zu rechnen. Der Behälter bzw. der Zwischenwärmetauscher besitzt ein ausgesprochen schlankes Erscheinungsbild und ist deshalb für Einsatzfälle, in denen enge Räume vorhanden sind besonders geeignet. Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Behälter mit einem Verhältnis Länge/Durchmesser von mindestens 3:1 oder größer als schlanke Behälter anzusehen. Das Mehrkammerrohre oder die Längswand teilt den Behälter in Abteilungen, wobei sich das Mehrkammerrohr in Längsrichtung durch wenigstens eine Abteilung erstreckt. Der erfindungsgemäße Zwischenwärmetauscher ist auch wegen des durchgängigen Einsatzes des Strangpressverfahrens für den Behälter und das Mehrkammerrohr besonders günstig herstellbar. Dazu kommt, dass sich das Mehrkammerrohr im Wesentlichen gerade durch die Abteilung erstreckt, d. h. es muss nicht umgeformt werden. Die Wärmetauschrippe füllt den verbleibenden Abteilungsquerschnitt etwa vollständig aus, weshalb auch hinsichtlich der Wärmetauscheffizienz gute Ergebnisse zu erwarten sind.The Multi-chamber tube and the container are preferably produced by extrusion process parts. Since the container over his entire length as heat exchangers is formed, with good results in terms of heat exchange efficiency to count. The container or the intermediate heat exchanger has a very slender appearance and is therefore for applications, in which narrow spaces present are particularly suitable. For the purposes of the present invention are containers with a relationship Length / diameter of at least 3: 1 or greater than slim container to watch. The multi-chamber tube or the longitudinal wall divides the container into Departments, wherein the multi-chamber tube in the longitudinal direction by at least a department extends. The intermediate heat exchanger according to the invention is also because of the consistent Use of the extrusion process for the container and the multi-chamber tube very cheap produced. In addition, the multi-chamber tube essentially just passing through the department, d. H. it does not have to be reshaped become. The heat exchanger rib fill that remaining departmental cross-section approximately complete, which is why in terms of the heat exchange efficiency good results are expected.
Das bereits angesprochene Strangpressverfahren für die Herstellung des Behälters ermöglicht es, den Abteilungsquerschnitt in dem ansonsten bevorzugt runden Druckbehälter beispielsweise rechteckig auszubilden, weshalb dort Wärmetauschrippen ohne wesentliche Quetschung sehr günstig einsetzbar sind, und dabei, wie erwähnt, den Abteilungsquerschnitt etwa vollständig ausfüllen. Erreicht werden etwa rechteckige oder quadratische Abteilungsquerschnitte entweder dadurch, dass die Wanddicke des Behälters partiell erhöht ist, oder dadurch dass in Längsrichtung des Behälters verlaufende Abstufungen des ansonsten runden Behälters vorgenommen werden. Beide Möglichkeiten sind mittels der Umformverfahren Strangpressen oder Fließpressen umsetzbar. Deshalb ist das Strangpressverfahren zur Herstellung des Behälters besonders bevorzugt. Das Mehrkammerrohr könnte auch ein gelötetes oder geschweißtes Rohr mit einem die Kammern bildenden Inneneinsatz sein.The already mentioned extrusion molding process for the production of the container makes it possible the departmental cross section in the otherwise preferred round pressure vessel, for example form rectangular, which is why there heat exchange ribs without significant Pinching very cheap can be used, and, as mentioned, the department cross-section about completely fill out. Reached are approximately rectangular or square section cross sections either in that the wall thickness of the container is partially increased, or by being longitudinally of the container extending gradations of the otherwise round container are made. Both options are by means of forming processes extrusion or extrusion implemented. Therefore, the extrusion molding process is for the production of the container particularly preferred. The multi-chamber tube could also be a soldered or welded Pipe with an internal insert forming the chambers.
Da der Behälter wegen seiner runden Form und auch aufgrund seiner Längswand, den enorm hohen Drücken widersteht, kann die Wärmetauschrippe aus ausgesprochen dünnem Blech hergestellt werden, da sie keinen wesentlichen Druckbeanspruchungen ausgesetzt ist.Since the container withstands because of its round shape and also because of its longitudinal wall, the enormously high pressures, the Wärmetau schrippe be made of extremely thin sheet metal, since it is not exposed to significant compressive stresses.
Weitere Merkmale befinden sich in den anderen abhängigen Patentansprüchen.Further Features are in the other dependent claims.
Im Anschluss werden Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Abbildungen beschrieben. In dieser Beschreibung sind weitere Merkmale und damit einhergehende Vorteile enthalten, die sich als besonders wichtig herausstellen können.in the Connection will be exemplary embodiments Reference is made to the accompanying drawings. In this Description are additional features and associated benefits which may turn out to be particularly important.
Kurzbeschreibung der AbbildungenSummary of the pictures
Gemäß den
Die
Im
Ausführungsbeispiel
gemäß der
Die
Das
Mehrkammerrohr
Die
Die
Die
Insgesamt
ist die in erster Linie beabsichtigte Herstellungsfreundlichkeit
des Zwischenwärmetauschers
durch die Beschreibung und die Zeichnungen nachvollziehbar. Die
Effizienz des Wärmetausches und
der geringe Raumbedarf wegen der sehr schlanken Gestalt des Behälters
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005021464A DE102005021464A1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2005-05-10 | Intermediate heat exchanger for air-conditioning loop, has heat exchange ribs filling compartment between tube and two opposing walls, where refrigerant flowing through compartment does not flow through large space |
DE502006007755T DE502006007755D1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2006-04-15 | Device for intermediate cooling |
EP06007927A EP1724535B1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2006-04-15 | Intercooler |
US11/418,611 US20060254757A1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2006-05-05 | Intermediate cooler for air-conditioning refrigerant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005021464A DE102005021464A1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2005-05-10 | Intermediate heat exchanger for air-conditioning loop, has heat exchange ribs filling compartment between tube and two opposing walls, where refrigerant flowing through compartment does not flow through large space |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102005021464A1 true DE102005021464A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
Family
ID=36889203
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005021464A Withdrawn DE102005021464A1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2005-05-10 | Intermediate heat exchanger for air-conditioning loop, has heat exchange ribs filling compartment between tube and two opposing walls, where refrigerant flowing through compartment does not flow through large space |
DE502006007755T Active DE502006007755D1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2006-04-15 | Device for intermediate cooling |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE502006007755T Active DE502006007755D1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2006-04-15 | Device for intermediate cooling |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060254757A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1724535B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005021464A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
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FR2908871A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-23 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | INTERNAL HEAT EXCHANGER FOR REFRIGERANT FLUID CIRCUIT |
DE102009024202A1 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-09 | Andreas Jahn | Heat exchanger for cooling unit, has high pressure channels and low pressure channel for transporting cooling unit, where high pressure channels and low pressure channel are arranged in heat exchanger-housing |
DE102011012577A1 (en) * | 2011-02-26 | 2012-08-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Heat exchange device for air conditioning system, has internal spaces for receiving and/or supplying heat transfer medium and refrigerant respectively |
DE102012224353A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger |
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DE102009047620C5 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2023-01-19 | Hanon Systems | Heat exchanger with tube bundle |
ITMO20090290A1 (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-12 | Highftech Engineering S R L | HEAT EXCHANGER. |
US9951997B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2018-04-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Staged graphite foam heat exchangers |
WO2012106606A2 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Heat exchanger with foam fins |
US9513059B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2016-12-06 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Radial-flow heat exchanger with foam heat exchange fins |
US9464847B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2016-10-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Shell-and-tube heat exchangers with foam heat transfer units |
EP2724107B1 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2017-09-27 | Carrier Corporation | Shell and tube heat exchanger with micro-channels |
DE102017216943A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Refrigerating appliance with storage chamber and evaporator chamber |
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2005
- 2005-05-10 DE DE102005021464A patent/DE102005021464A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2006
- 2006-04-15 DE DE502006007755T patent/DE502006007755D1/en active Active
- 2006-04-15 EP EP06007927A patent/EP1724535B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-05 US US11/418,611 patent/US20060254757A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (5)
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---|---|---|---|---|
FR2908871A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-23 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | INTERNAL HEAT EXCHANGER FOR REFRIGERANT FLUID CIRCUIT |
WO2008061918A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Internal heat exchanger for cooling fluid circuit |
DE102009024202A1 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-09 | Andreas Jahn | Heat exchanger for cooling unit, has high pressure channels and low pressure channel for transporting cooling unit, where high pressure channels and low pressure channel are arranged in heat exchanger-housing |
DE102011012577A1 (en) * | 2011-02-26 | 2012-08-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Heat exchange device for air conditioning system, has internal spaces for receiving and/or supplying heat transfer medium and refrigerant respectively |
DE102012224353A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1724535A3 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
EP1724535B1 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
DE502006007755D1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
US20060254757A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
EP1724535A2 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
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Legal Events
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OM8 | Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
R005 | Application deemed withdrawn due to failure to request examination |
Effective date: 20120511 |