DE102004063600A1 - Method and device for recording service charges for travel on public transport - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a system which detects and calculates payments for a journey from a start point to a destination carried out by passengers on public transport using systems for registering passengers in electronic ticket systems by means of chip cards. The aim of the invention is to prevent the check-out process which is currently required and to maintain the plurality of ticket types, for example, season ticket and multi-journey card . Simultaneously, said method and/or system must also allow a base calculation for all transport services which is calculated by the various transport means combined with the OPNV system. The defined journey of the passenger in the line network must be able to be re-read by the various operators of the transport means for the calculated distribution. This is achieved according to said invention by virtue of the fact that a data element (journey characteristic) which clearly identifies the journey or each passenger is produced, a time stamp which reproduces the first registration point of the journey of the passenger, in addition to a location stamp which reproduces the spatial location of the first registration process of the journey, are triggered by one or each passenger during the initial access to the journey with the transport means in a detection device which is associated with said transport means. After the successful production thereof, said data element and the associated time and location stamp are integrated into a first detection device in a registration data set which is to be registered. Said data set and the associated time stamp are transferred to a storage medium which is associated with the passenger. During a second or additional registration of the passenger during the journey when entering a second or additional means of transport, respectively a second or additional registration data set is set and stored in a detection device which is associated with a second or additional registration data set. Said second or additional registration data set contains the journey characteristic provided with the initial registration of the journey.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a system for detection and billing of compensation for passengers in public Means of transport Traveling from a start to a destination using systems for registration of passengers in electronic ticketing systems using smart cards.

The Use of contactless smart cards as public transport tickets Passenger traffic is widespread internationally (eg in London and in Hong Kong). Various solutions have been implemented which However, all have arisen under the boundary condition that at least in the area of stops urban Underground systems barrier systems or barrier systems for access or departure of the passengers installed, only then the access to the platform area or to release the means of transport, if the validity of the on the microchip the chip card stored electronic ticket ("e-ticket") was detected. Another distinguishing feature of many such systems is in that on the chip card used both the ticket in electronic form ("e-ticket") as well as an electronic one wallet ("e-purse") are present. When accessing the transport system, the passenger is required to: he holds his smart card in front of a so-called smart card reader and the so-called "check-in" process performs. there The system automatically sends an electronic ticket on the chip card devalued and with the money available on the "e-purse" paid, if on the "e-purse" enough money to disposal stands. Otherwise, the release will denied the "e-ticket" and the Barriers are not opened. This "e-ticket" corresponds in many ways Systems of that tariff ticket for a single trip, the the highest fare for this access point of the transport system represents. This automatically ensures that the passenger with a valid Ticket to the utmost Network point of the network can drive. He already leaves the transport system at a closer at the original Access point located at the point of entry for which a tariff is more favorable Ticket would have been sufficient this is determined by the system-related "check-out" process. This check-out procedure includes a cancellation of the passenger the electronic power rating system of the respective transport company. The monetary difference between the maximum collectively agreed upon check-in Ticket and that actually necessary ticket is returned to his "e-purse" back. As an exemplary source, reports on this are to be found in Netherlands "Check In-check out system called, e.g. "Dutch first to use e-ticketing in public transport on a national scale "(Kok, Jeroen; eurotransport, Issue 2/2004; Page 35 ff.) As well as "Smartcard instead of Strippenkaart" (Amling, Stephan / Kunnemann, Peter / Rumpke, Christian; International transport; Issue 5/2004; Page 215 f.).

to seamless Capturing both those entering the traffic system as well require the passenger traffic exiting the traffic system such systems of course accordingly extensive structural accompanying measures, in particular in already existing plants often difficult or not at all are feasible.

The EP 1 187 072 discloses, for example, a system for automatic fare collection, in which a first registration record is created at check-in in a vehicle and additional records when passing by subway stations or transfer stations, collected on a data carrier of the passenger and when leaving the transport system during a check Out process be fed to an evaluation station. This station determines from the waypoints stored on the data carrier the fare and is at check-out the passage for the passenger through an inventively provided lock only then released when the payment of the fare is ensured. The requirement associated with this system concept of a separate check-out process at corresponding locks is not feasible in many European transport systems for structural reasons. A waiver of the check-out is again in the concept of EP 1 187 072 not possible, otherwise no price calculation and collection is possible. Thus, the idea of EP 1 187 072 not transferable to a large number of European transport systems. Furthermore, the sees EP 1 187 072 the transfer of the ticket ID to the evaluation system. This is at least incompatible with the data protection regulations in force in Germany, since this means that in the evaluation system a direct assignment between the recorded course of the journey and the user is unavoidable.

As an alternative to such "check in - check out" systems, "Be In - Be Out" systems (BIBO) are considered, where, after the departure of a means of transport from a bus stop, all the smart cards in the means of transport are called by means of an electronic "wake up call". recorded and by means of an electronic Stamp associated with the awakening vehicle. From a systemic point of view, such a BIBO system is primarily for use in systems that are less line-oriented (usually the above-mentioned CICO systems are used), but rather are more oriented in the area, such as regional bus networks. However, BIBO systems require device technology with space detection in each vehicle and therefore generate extremely high system costs. For this reason, a project that aimed at the nationwide introduction of a BIBO system in Switzerland was recently discontinued, despite technical feasibility, for reasons of cost. Nevertheless, the "intermobil" flagship project of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) plans to create such a BIBO system in the regional area of the transport association Oberelbe / Dresden (WO) they are still not financially viable for large-scale applications, or prone to errors in technical and operational processes.Also, there are often problems with the reliable detection of the "Be Out" state.

Of the Current status achieved with CICO or BIBO systems The technique is summarized, for example, in "Full Drive ahead "(shiver, Andreas; RFID Forum, Issue 5/2004, page 24 ff.).

in the Unlike most other transport systems abroad are in the transport associations For decades, Germany has favored so-called "time cards" in use Tickets allow the passenger during the validity period the time card the free use of all means of transport within a spatially limited Region. As further national tariff special feature are in German Verkehrsverbünden "Streifenfahrkarten" (or multi-trip tickets) in frequent Use. This ticket is partially in a validator guided, thus to a valid Driving entitlement to become. Such Mehrfahrtkarten can in usually for 5 or 10 single trips are used. They are on sale e.g. bought at a newsstand and can then be at home as long be stored until you want to take a ride on public transport. If you undertake a journey with change, this ticket needs only be validated in the first means of transport. The ticket retains in the the following means of transport are valid, until the destination stop is reached. The destination stop must be in one reached by the passenger for a maximum period of time become. This period of time is such that this in trouble-free operation with the scheduled rides also possible is.

These Types of tickets are quite international in comparison to classify as "exotic" as they hardly common abroad are. Therefore, consider most realized approaches for the electronic ticketing does not do this ticket type. Indeed It is considered proven that exactly these types of tickets are the foundation for the high acceptance and good use of the public Passenger transport in Germany, Switzerland and Austria form. Against this background, it has become naturalized in these countries that the passengers in public Passenger transport initially free Have access to the means of transport and their driving authorization only for random random checks. Technical Systems that actively involve checking in and out of passengers therefore require the use of a mass transit vehicle in Germany no acceptance. In particular, the check-out is from the users as annoying felt and in many cases also incorrectly handled or forgotten, which by nature to erroneous and at the expense of the passenger excessive invoicing leads. Customer satisfaction and retention can be sustained by such systems damaged become.

Furthermore In particular, the time cards for the transport operators provide the In terms of debt collection and administration by far the cheapest Ticket form.

These Tariff specific features of the German-speaking countries far widespread transport associations apply in conjunction with the technical and operational restrictions the BIBO or CICO systems as the main cause of the - compared to other countries - rather sluggish introduction electronic ticketing systems (see "Electronic ticketing systems versus tariff associations "; Wergels, Klaus; eurotransport Issue 3/2004; P. 13 ff.). The currently known systems for The electronic ticketing are different, in German transport associations introduced and for the sales revenue indispensable ticket types are incompatible and are with regard to for the business idea the transport associations characteristic permissive Change between the different modes of transport within the Association too restrictive.

The invention is based on the object, a method and a system for recording and Abrech development of service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport from a starting point to a destination using systems for registering passengers in electronic ticketing systems by means of smart cards, which waives the check-out perceived as customer-unpleasant or disturbing. Operation and allows the retention of the ticket types "season ticket" and "multi-trip ticket". At the same time, however, the procedure or system must provide a basis for the clear billability of all transport services provided by the various transport service providers in the interplay of the public transport system. The specific travel behavior of passengers in the line network must remain comprehensible for the purpose of equitable distribution of revenue between the various operators of the means of transport. Nevertheless, sufficient anonymity of the user must be ensured during the evaluation.

• – von dem oder jedem Fahrgast bei einem im Verlauf der Reise erstmaligen Zutritt in eines der Verkehrsmittel in einem dem Verkehrsmittel zugehörigen Erfassungsgerät die Generierung eines die Reise des oder jeden Fahrgastes eindeutig identifizierenden Datenelementes (Reise-Kennung), eines Zeitstempels, der diesen im Reiseverlauf des Fahrgastes ersten Anmeldezeitpunkt wiedergibt, sowie eines Ortsstempels, der den räumlichen Ort des im Reiseverlauf ersten Anmeldevorgangs wiedergibt, ausgelöst werden,
• – dieses Datenelement und die zugehörigen Zeit- und Ortsstempel nach erfolgter Generierung in einen ersten, im Erfassungsgerät abzuspeichernden Anmelde-Datensatz integriert werden,
• – dieses Datenelement und der zugehörige Zeitstempel auf ein dem Fahrgast zugehöriges Speichermedium übertragen werden,
• – sowie bei einer im Verlauf der Reise zweiten oder weiteren Registrierung des Fahrgastes beim Zutritt in ein zweites oder weiteres Verkehrsmittel in einem dem zweiten oder weiteren Verkehrsmittel zugehörigen Erfassungsgerät jeweils ein zweiter oder weiterer Anmelde-Datensatz angelegt und abgespeichert wird, wobei dieser zweite oder weitere Anmelde-Datensatz die anlässlich der im Fahrtverlauf ersten Registrierung angelegte Reise-Kennung enthält.

This object is achieved in conjunction with the preamble of claim 1 according to the invention in that

• - by the or each passenger at a first in the course of the journey in one of the means of transport in a means of transport associated detection device, the generation of a travel of the or each passenger uniquely identifying data element (travel identifier), a timestamp, this in the itinerary of the Passenger's first registration time, as well as a local stamp, which reflects the spatial location of the first registration process in the course of the trip, are triggered,
• After completion of generation, this data element and the associated time and place stamps are integrated into a first log-on data record to be stored in the acquisition device,
• This data element and the associated time stamp are transmitted to a storage medium associated with the passenger,
• - As well as in the course of travel second or further registration of the passenger when entering a second or further means of transport in a second or further means of transport associated detection device each time a second or further logon record is created and stored, this second or further logon Dataset containing the travel ID created during the course of the first registration.

On this way is made possible that generally with every entry procedure of a passenger into a means of transport (e.g., public Passenger transport) records recorded in a downstream technical system, which dispenses with the active participation of the passenger, is treatable, that on the basis of this processed data the travel behavior the passengers reconstruct with very high accuracy after completing the journey and for Billing purposes - specifically for the purpose of allocating revenue to the operators of the means of transport leaves. By means of him according to the invention Assigned travel identifier will allow the passenger in the As part of his journey a trail of automated evaluable logon records in electronic ticket system leaves behind.

The documentation of each individual journey section of a passenger journey interspersed with any number of transfer operations delivers in a central evaluation instance (IT center of the transport association) the respective exact entry location of the passenger for a new journey section following a transfer procedure. This forms the basis for a recursion procedure based on this, which determines from the entry point the exit point of the passage ahead in the course of the passenger journey. Although at transfer stops, especially in urban line networks a variety of possible transfer relations exists (and is used by the passengers in an unpredictable, "chaotic" way) can use the inventive method for data collection and processing each made in reality Transfer relationship be subsequently recovered. Since such transfer procedures are not individual events but rather mass phenomena, the data collected and processed in accordance with the invention can also be subjected to statistical analyzes. This makes it possible for every passenger trip that has appeared in the dataset of the evaluation instance 1 , for example, from a chain of travel sections 1A . 1B . 1C composed, also at least an analog passenger journey 2 to extract from the dataset, in each case the opposite directions of the mentioned travel sections in the sequence 2C . 2 B . 2A are represented. The exact frequency distribution of the starting journeys 1A a passenger journey 1 related to all stops where such trips of the type 1A can be started, are used as an estimation distribution to the not according to the invention covered exit stops of the travel sections 2A the typical passenger journey 2 to be determined with good accuracy.

This detection accuracy is made possible by the method according to the invention without having to expect the passenger to perform a "check-out" operation, which can also significantly improve the accuracy of the revenue distribution compared with the current state without a check-in. "Check-out" system with its disadvantages related to the structural conditions of most traffic stations in Germany or the user habits must be introduced.At the same time can be dispensed with the still necessary separate measurements and surveys to determine the flow of travelers.

Under "travel" is in this context the return a path from a first start stop to a last stop Destination stop to understand which several transfers and thus may include several "driving sections". From the knowledge of the location and time registration data of each one Driving section can the location and / or time information of the exit for the im Course of the same travel process immediately preceding journey section be reconstructed. The location and time information of the exit for the in the course of a journey last and final journey section are using stochastic methods known per se from the Total amount of recorded log records reconstructed.

The A distinction is made when a transfer process has to be regarded as the beginning of a new "journey" Regulates the fare conditions to be applied to the journey. Usually Most tariff conditions provide that when leaving a in relation to the place and / or time of travel Value range of the start of a new, separately billable Travel is present.

A advantageous expression of the inventive idea provides that this is the journey of the or each Passenger uniquely identifying data element (travel identifier) from a unique numeric device identifier of the detection device and a unique identifier for each logon process performed on this logger is formed. additional It is proposed that the unique identifier of each Log on to a logger from a logon process performed on each logger increased incrementally Numerical value is formed. This is an extremely easy option to ensure a clear distinction between the different travel identifiers to reach. This feature allows with easy to implement Means one enough large stock of identifcating identifiers, so that too strong frequent detection devices for extended periods of time e.g. Do not create duplicate identifiers for one year. The same possible and widespread use of random number generators can do this safety, over one sufficient period of time not to generate a duplicate travel identifier, not guarantee.

Further according to the invention provided that the timestamp of the first in the itinerary temporally Logon process for a second or further registration of the or each passenger in a second or further means of transport assigned by this second or further means of transport acquisition device read from the storage medium and a comparison with the in the acquisition device present at the time of the second or further registration fed to the current timestamp becomes.

This is the basis for a functional extension of the inventive concept, after which the deviation in the detection device at the time of the second or further registration of present time stamp of one in relation to the timestamp of the first logon process in the same itinerary predefinable temporal value range a new travel identifier through the detection device generated in a new logon record to be stored in the logger integrated and transferred to the storage medium of the passenger is, wherein the data element containing the previous travel identifier of the storage medium is overwritten with the new travel ID. Thus it makes possible the inventive Procedures that are in many fare terms for travel towards one certain travel destination provided maximum allowable travel times are checked. In case of deviations from this requirement, the invention sees the application a new travel identifier before, creating a new, with the passenger separated from the previous transport transaction transport operation is initiated.

In addition to this it is advantageous if when generating one or each logon record in the acquisition device a means of transport data elements for unambiguous identification created by the direction of travel and the number of the means of transport, integrated into the registration record, assigned to the passenger Transfer storage medium and in a respective subsequent registration process a comparison with the in the acquisition device data element present at the time of the subsequent logon process for unambiguous identification of direction of travel and line number be supplied to the means of transport.

This is a prerequisite for an embodiment of the invention, according to which the direction of travel and lines present in the detection device at the time of the second or further registration deviate number of pre-definable value ranges, which define based on the direction of travel and line history in relation to the in the same itinerary temporally preceding registration transactions defined Umbringebügen, generates a new travel identifier by the detection device, integrated into a recording device to be stored in the new registration record and integrated on the storage medium of the passenger is transmitted, wherein the previous travel identifier containing data element of the storage medium is overwritten with the new travel identifier. In this way, it is possible that newly settled travel transactions are recognized not only after the expiry of a maximum allowable travel time but also at the start of tariff unauthorized trips and created in a data-technically evaluable form. Such inadmissible transfer links are mostly trips in the opposite direction.

The The invention further provides that in the generation of one or more each login record in the recording device a means of transport a data element for unique identification created by ticket type and operator of the means of transport and is integrated into the login record. The existence of a Operator of the transport characterizing data element facilitates the evaluation of the invention created records with regard to the distribution of revenue generated in the transport network the different operating companies. Of course it is in equivalent Way possible, the identification of the operator in a detection system according to the invention downstream evaluation system using fixed allocation tables from the - according to one embodiment of the invention provided - data elements to record the line number.

It is of particular advantage when between detection device and storage medium of the passenger a valid feature for identifying a successful creation of the logon record in the recording device containing data element is exchanged. Such a validity feature, this in the course of a successful registration process of the passenger created in the transport and on the storage medium of the passenger can be deposited for Control purposes during the ride be used. This validity can be through a central on-board device the means of transport at the beginning of a mission for a defined Track and direction - for example with the help of a random number generator - set and distributed to the traffic associated detection devices become.

In In this context, the invention further provides that as a validity feature one with on-board equipment of the means of transport generated random number of each of the respective Transportation associated detection device after successful creation of the registration record transferred to the storage medium of the notifying passenger and on each one of the sending acquisition device and / or display associated with the receiving storage medium is brought. This will allow the passenger to by comparing both displays (on the acquisition device as well on the storage medium) of a properly completed registration process to convince. Naturally are within the scope of the invention Procedure also different acknowledgment signals possible, the lower demands to the active participation of the passenger. For example Let the illumination of an optical or the sounding of an acoustic acknowledgment signal mentioned.

After all beats the inventive concept that generated in the acquisition devices and stored login records to a central instance for the evaluation of the or each passenger in the different Transport traveled Transfer ways and that the logon records in the central evaluation instance for the determination of the passengers Traveling in various modes in a first Step by trip identifier and in a second step all of a same travel identifier assignable records are sorted according to time stamps. The transmission to the central Evaluation instance can be done for example by a vehicle on-board device, which at predeterminable time intervals or at predeterminable times the present in the respective vehicle associated detection devices read new login records and collected by radio data transmission to the central evaluation instance. In the Evaluation instance, the data records are prepared, whereby for each assigned Travel ID The chain of individual journeys made by the passenger is reconstructed. Everyone in the course of a journey second and more Login record is recursive as a check-out record of each treated directly preceding the driving section. The collected Registration records be by the inventive Process prepared so that the time and place of in the course of a Journey of the last section by means of a stochastic procedure, which, however, is not the subject of the present invention, are determinable.

• – zum Erfassen einer aktuellen Zeit- und Positionsangabe des Verkehrsmittels,
• – zum lesenden Abfragen eines eine Reise des Fahrgastes von einem Start- zu einem Zielpunkt charakterisierenden Datenelementes (Reise-Kennung) sowie von Datenelementen, die den Zeitpunkt der Generierung zeitlich vorangegangener Anmelde-Datensätze enthalten, von einem von dem oder jedem Fahrgast mitgeführten Speichermedium,
• – zum Durchführen eines zeitlichen Gültigkeitsvergleiches der von diesem Speichermedium ausgelesenen Daten in Bezug auf die aktuell in der Vorrichtung vorliegenden Zeitangaben,
• – zum Anlegen einer neuen Reise-Kennung und deren Übertragung im Schreibzugriff an das Speichermedium des Fahrgastes,
• – zum Anlegen und Abspeichern von Anmelde-Datensätzen, die die Reise-Kennung, die aktuellen Zeit- und Ortsstempel für die erfolgte Registrierung des Fahrgastes, ein Kennzeichen für den Betreiber des Verkehrsmittels sowie ein Kennzeichen für den Fahrkartentyp enthalten,
• – sowie dem oder jedem Fahrgast ein von in den Verkehrsmitteln angeordneten Erfassungsgeräten mittels Lese- und Schreibzugriff kontaktierbares Speichermedium zugeordnet ist, auf welchem ein eine Reise des Fahrgastes von einem Start- zu einem Zielpunkt charakterisierendes Datenelement (Reise-Kennung) sowie ein den Zeitpunkt des erstmaligen Generierens dieser Reise-Kennung beschreibendes Datenelement abspeicherbar sind,

umfasst.The invention further comprises a system for collecting and billing for the travel expenses incurred by passengers on public transport from a starting point to a destination using systems for registering passengers in electronic ticket systems Smart cards, which devices

• To record a current time and position of the means of transport,
• For reading from a data element (travel identifier) characterizing a journey of the passenger from a start point to a destination point as well as data elements containing the time of generation of chronologically preceding registration data records from a storage medium carried by the or each passenger,
• For performing a temporal validity comparison of the data read out from this storage medium with respect to the time information currently available in the device,
• For creating a new travel identifier and transferring it in write access to the storage medium of the passenger,
• - for the creation and storage of log-on records containing the travel identifier, the current time and place stamps for the registration of the passenger, a license plate for the operator of the means of transport and a license plate number plate,
• - As well as the or each passenger is assigned by arranged in the means of transport detection devices by read and write access contactable storage medium on which a passenger's journey from a start to a destination characterizing data element (travel identifier) and the time of the first Generating this travel identifier descriptive data element can be stored,

includes.

• – in dem oder jedem Verkehrsmittel Vorrichtungen zum Erfassen von aktueller Liniennummer und Fahrtrichtung des Verkehrsmittels, zum Anlegen und Abspeichern von Liniennummer und Fahrtrichtung des Verkehrsmittels enthaltenden Anmelde-Datensätzen, zum Abfragen von Liniennummer und Fahrtrichtung vorangegangener Anmeldevorgänge enthaltenden Datenelementen von einem von dem oder jedem Fahrgast mitgeführten Speichermedium sowie zum Durchführen von Gültigkeitsvergleichen zwischen den aktuellen und den aus dem Speichermedium abgefragten Liniennummern und Fahrtrichtungen,
• – sowie auf dem Speichermedium mindestens ein von den Erfassungsgeräten mittels Lese- und Schreibzugriff kontaktierbares, Fahrtrichtung und Liniennummer des Verkehrsmittels beschreibendes Datenelement

vorgesehen sind. Mit Hilfe dieses Merkmales ermöglicht die Erfindung ein Abprüfen gegen Reiserouten des Fahrgastes, die in den tariflichen Regeln der meisten Verkehrsverbünde als unzulässig definiert sind. Die Speicherung und das Gegenprüfen von Liniennummer und Fahrtrichtungsangabe des im Verlauf einer Fahrgast-Reise ersten Anmeldevorganges ermöglicht die Überprüfung, ob der Fahrgast bei Umsteigevorgängen eine kreisförmige Reiseroute bzw. eine Umweg-Route einschlägt. Die Speicherung und das Gegenprüfen von Liniennummer und Fahrtrichtungsangabe des im Verlauf einer Fahrgast-Reise zuletzt erfolgten (d.h. für den aktuellen Fahrtabschnitt aktuellen) Anmeldevorganges ermöglicht die Überprüfung, ob der Fahrgast bei Umsteigevorgängen eine Fahrt in Gegenrichtung einschlägt. Sowohl Kreis- bzw. Umwegfahrten als auch Fahrten in Gegenrichtung sind mit Einzelfahrscheinen üblicherweise unzulässig und erfordern das Lösen eines zusätzlichen Fahrscheines.The invention further provides that

• - In the or each means of transport means for detecting current line number and direction of the means of transport, for creating and storing line number and direction of the vehicle containing registration records, for querying line number and direction of previous log-data containing data carried by one of the or each passenger Storage medium as well as for making validity comparisons between the current and the line numbers and directions queried from the storage medium,
• - As well as on the storage medium at least one contactable by the detection devices by read and write access, direction of travel and line number of the transport descriptive data element

are provided. With the help of this feature, the invention allows a check against travel routes of the passenger, which are defined in the tariff rules of most transport associations as inadmissible. The storage and the cross check of line number and direction of the first registration process in the course of a passenger journey makes it possible to check whether the passenger takes a circular route or a detour route during transfer operations. The storage and the cross check of line number and direction indication of the last in the course of a passenger journey (ie current for the current section) registration process allows the check whether the passenger embarks a transfer in the opposite direction during transfer operations. Both circular or detour trips as well as trips in the opposite direction are usually inadmissible with single tickets and require the release of an additional ticket.

In addition to this it is advantageous if the storage medium is a pre-definable Number of allowed Travel indicative data element, which at each logon process, by the detection device a new travel identifier is generated by write access of the acquisition device by one Unit is reduced. In this way, the provision of a electronic ticket, which has a predefined plurality of Travel allowed, feasible.

The The invention further provides that the storage medium is a data element for storing a between detection device and storage medium of the passenger exchanged validity characteristic for identifying a successful creation of the logon record in the recording device having. Thus, you can mobile control devices be provided which read this data element and a Verification regarding the correct registration of the traveler in the inventive Feed system.

According to one meaningful addition the storage medium has an optical plain text display device the content of the validity feature containing data element and a device for optical Plain text display of the contents of the with a predefinable number from admissible Travel assignable data element. This allows a self-control the passenger, whether the registration process carried out by him successful has gone.

The In this context, the invention concretely provides that that the or each passenger associated storage medium as one with a Antenna for the wireless data exchange with the transport associated acquisition device and with an optical display for displaying 7-segment digits provided with a smart card or as equipped with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) functionality mobile device accomplished is.

A expedient Embodiment is that in or on the or each means of transport Devices for transmitting the login records to a central authority for the evaluation of the or each passenger provided in the various modes of transport are. This central instance can, for example, form a vehicle on-board device, which at predeterminable time intervals or at predeterminable times present in the respective vehicle associated detection devices new login records read out and collected by radio data transmission to the central evaluation instance. The Evaluation instance is used to prepare the data records, where for every assigned travel ID the chain of individual travel sections covered by the passenger is reconstructed. The scoring instance handles everyone in the history a journey second and further login record as a check-out record of the immediately preceding driving section and determined the time as well as the place of the last driving section in the course of a journey by means of a stochastic process, which, however, is not the subject of the present invention.

Of the Concept of the invention is illustrated in the following figures. It demonstrate:

1 overall system

2 structural design of data elements contained on the storage medium

3 structural structure of a log-on record

4 structural design of the operating data held in the recording device

5 Program sequence of the registration procedure

6 Public transport network with typical passenger travel

7 Reconstruction of the exit stop of a journey in the course of a passenger journey based on the entry stop after a transfer

8th Reconstruction of the exit stops for a group A of passenger journeys based on the relative frequency distribution of the entry stops of an analog group B of passenger journeys of the opposite direction of travel in the network

Based on these figures, the following embodiment can be understood:
The ticket system according to the invention consists - as in 1 represented - from a storage medium ( 11 ), which may be formed as a contactless chip card or as a mobile device (mobile phone), which is equipped with an additional function for receiving RFID technology. The chip card has on its surface two display fields on which numbers can preferably be represented as 7-segment numbers. These numbers appear on the displays of the chip card only if the chip card is located in the region of the induction field of a detection device ( 12 ) is located. On the display field ( 113 ), the validity identifier ( 1231 ) whenever the passenger uses his smart card ( 11 ) on a detection device ( 12 ) has successfully registered. On the display field ( 114 ) appears in the memory of the chip card number of trips ( 1156 ), which can still be used for tariff transport in the network of lines, eg a transport association. The chip card also has an antenna ( 111 ), which is standard on a contactless chip card, a CPU ( 112 ), run in the necessary processes for the operation of the chip card and a data memory ( 115 ), in which various rewritable data elements can be stored. If the storage medium is a mobile radio device with additional RFID function, the displays ( 113 ) and ( 114 ) with their respective numerical values to be displayed on the usual display field of the mobile device. CPU, antenna and data memory are then integrated into the RFID additional functions of the mobile device.

The acquisition device ( 12 ) largely corresponds to a known smart card reader, as is commonly used in conventional ticket systems with contactless smart cards. It has an antenna ( 121 ) and a CPU ( 122 ) over which the radio communication ( 14 ) with the mentioned storage media ( 11 ) can be controlled. The acquisition device ( 12 ) is equipped so that it simultaneously with multiple storage media ( 11 ) can communicate. This ensures that even with large crowds of passengers in front of a detection device fast clearance of each storage medium can be performed. Therefore, the technology according to ISO 14443 A is used for establishing the radio connection. A new additional function according to the invention of the detection device sets the display field ( 123 ) on which the validity identifier ( 1231 ) is shown. This is before the start of a means of transport for making a scheduled journey on a public transport line in a particular direction - selected, for example by random function from a number series from 0 to 99 - and displayed there during the journey of the transport to the last stop of the line.

This prevents passengers from being able to prepare their chip card with this validity code at home in order to fool the ticket inspectors of the transport association. Namely, in the invention, the validity identifier fulfills the function of being able to prove to the ticket inspectors that their storage medium ( 11 ), on which an e-ticket ( 1151 ), according to the tariff on the acquisition device ( 12 ) has registered. Each passenger is obliged to immediately after entering a means of transport, with his storage medium ( 11 ) on a detection device ( 12 ). He is also obliged to make sure that this registration process of his e-ticket could also be completed correctly in the acquisition device. In order to be able to carry out this personal check easily, the validity identifier ( 1231 ) from the acquisition device ( 12 ) on the storage medium ( 11 ) after the login process has been completed successfully. The validity identifier ( 1231 ) will appear on the display ( 113 ). The passenger compares the on his storage medium ( 11 ) displayed numerical validity number with the number on the display ( 123 ) of the acquisition device: if both ads are identical in content, the registration process was successful. The passenger is now in possession of a valid ticket for this journey. The validity identifier ( 1231 ) is non-volatile on the storage medium ( 11 ), so that by means of mobile readers a check of the proper log-in state of the storage medium ( 11 ) can be made. This can be done, for example, in the form of random ticket checks. A battery buffering of the storage medium ( 11 ) is not necessary for this because the activation takes place by means of an induction field emanating from the mobile readers.

Each acquisition device ( 12 ), which is used in the means of transport of a transport association, has a clearly identifying identification number ( 12411 ). This number will be matched by a computer center ( 13 ) forgive. This number ( 12411 ) is one part of a travel identifier ( 1241 ) at each logon process of a new passenger trip to a logger ( 12 ) is reassigned. The second part of this trip identifier consists of a counter value ( 12412 ), which increments with the value 1 from the CPU ( 122 ) is generated in ascending order with each new corresponding logon process. 3 gives the structural structure of a registration record generated according to the invention.

The two values ( 12411 ) and ( 12412 ) generate the numerical value of the travel code (concatenation) 1241 ), which is used to uniquely identify a passenger journey on the public transport network. Such a passenger journey can be a direct trip, ie a journey in which the passenger does not have to change on the way to his destination, or a passenger journey with one or more transfer operations. Even travel on different lines in the network is in the registration records of each trip sections the same travel identifier ( 1241 ). This makes it possible to save the logon records at a later date in the IT center ( 13 ) again for the reconstruction of the original passenger journey.

So that in 5 illustrated logon procedure in the CPU ( 122 ) can be made first in a data memory ( 125 ) Operational data on the journey of the means of transport held and constantly updated. 4 represents the structural structure of the data acquisition device ( 12 Each means of transport belongs to a specific transport undertaking ( 1251 ), which ensures the current scheduled journey, during which a passenger for a journey with his e-ticket at the acquisition device ( 12 ) sign up. In the registration record ( 124 ), this identifier of the carrier ( 1251 ) to allow for later billing options for passenger travel per carrier. The data store ( 125 ) also contains the current line number with direction indication ( 1252 ). The content of this data memory is always changed or updated when the means of transport at an end stop of a public transport line ends its journey on this line with direction indication and a new scheduled journey on another line or in ent opposite direction of travel on the same line.

The data store ( 125 ) also contains a data group ( 1253 ), in which for each transfer stop on the line currently being 1252 ), three value ranges each ( 12531 . 12532 . 12533 ) are stored. With the aid of these three value ranges, it can be systematically determined during the registration process whether the journey section for which a passenger is currently registering is still continuing the journey (usually after a transfer operation or after a transfer) short break), or whether this is the beginning of a new passenger journey. These three domains define the conditions that apply at the location of this current sign-up process for the acceptance of collectively authorized transfer links. If the criterion of acceptance is not met, the system-based creation of a new travel identifier, which marks the beginning of a new passenger journey. Using the data store ( 125 ) subjects the acquisition device ( 12 ) In the course of a transfer operation of the passenger, the relation between a feeder line running to the transfer location and a pickup line departing from the transfer location of an admissibility check. If there is no exclusion criterion (ie the passenger has behaved when changing according to the tariff conditions and continues his journey towards a destination), the system will not create a new travel identifier and send it to the storage medium ( 11 ), but there is the creation of a new logon record with retained travel identifier. The passenger thus consumes no new ticket, but the previous applies. This control function is over the range of values ( 12531 ) guaranteed. The following overview (Table 1) shows an example of the tabular representation of such a range of values with the transfer relationships permitted at a transfer stop:

Table 1 shows this value range for the in 6 shown transfer stop II. It may here only be changed between the six specified lines with direction indication. If, for example, a passenger last used a line "i / east", then exit at the transfer stop VI, then bridged the distance from stop VI to stop II by means of a walk and then report there in a means of transport of the line "a / North ", this is not accepted as an interchange, as the" i / East "line is not included in Table 1, valid for Station II.

By checking against another range of values ( 12532 ) are excluded expiring trips that run from a transfer stop in the opposite direction to a tapered ride. If this is the case, this application is not accepted as a journey to continue a passenger journey, but as the beginning of a completely new passenger journey, for which a new fare must be paid, if the used e-ticket to a Multi-trip ticket is. If there are two or more public transport lines between two neighboring transfer stops in the network, which offer journeys between these stops in the so-called parallel traffic, then use of such parallel lines is also blocked for journeys in the opposite direction. The following overview (Table 2) shows by way of example all prohibited pick-up trips combined in one line group and arranged per feeder line:

Table 2 refers to the in 6 Transit stop II in the direction of travel "north" are possible from there with the two parallel lines "a / north" and "b / north" In both cases, a trip in the opposite direction would be the use of the two lines " a / south "or" b / south. "This is verified by the data stored for line groups 2 and 4.

The possibility of adding another range of values ( 12533 ) in the acquisition device ( 12 ), excludes round trips in the network. Such circle trips are characterized in that instead of the tariff system provided for the most direct itineraries inadmissible large detours are driven. This is also inventively in the detection device ( 12 ) by means of exclusion tables or admissibility tables (Table 3):

Table 3 shows this value range for the in 6 transfer point IV shown. The data listed in the right-hand column of this table defines the direction-of-arrival lines in which the passenger could have commenced a passenger journey. All possible route numbers based on the given network are listed. The check first looks for the line group that belongs to the line with direction indication in which the recording device is located (data element 1252 ). If the passenger has carried out a passenger journey confirmed to date with a valid and unmodified travel identifier and would now like to log in here again, then this registration process is booked only under the condition with the already existing travel identifier that the content of the from Memory element of the passenger during the registration process read data element 1154 (Lines number with direction of travel in the first, ie the journey initiating logon process) may not be included in the right column of Table 3. Otherwise, a new trip ID is assigned and the passenger starts a new trip.

The implementation of too large detours in the network is also by a in the memory ( 125 ) provided time variable ( 1254 ), which specifies a maximum period of time within which after the start time of a passenger journey the last transfer process must have taken place. Over the three value ranges ( 12531 . 12532 . 12533 ) and this time variable ( 1254 ) are the limits of the travel options that are legally feasible in the network with a single ticket of a multi-trip ticket of the e-ticket, specifically in the detection device ( 12 ) defined and deposited.

If the passenger has saved a time ticket instead of a multi-trip ticket on his e-ticket, then the same criteria will be used in this case to decide whether or not there is a fault on the acquisition device ( 12 ) Registered registration process to the registration of a new passenger trip or only to the registration of another part of the driving section in the course of a passenger journey already started. The holder of a time ticket does not have to pay for a new passenger journey, but for statistical purposes it is still important for the operators of the means of transport to record how many passenger journeys with the ticket type "time ticket" within a passenger were actually requested in the line network. By using the travel identifier ( 1241 ) in every drive guest trip documenting logon records ( 124 ) is absolutely certain that no personal travel profiles can be recorded in the public transport network. The travel ID ( 1241 ) documents every trip; However, it does not document any personal data of the e-ticket, even if it is a personal time card (eg student time card).

Pro logon process to a capture device ( 12 ) is always a logon record ( 124 ) stored in a data store ( 126 ) is stored until it is sent to a computer center ( 13 ) can be dubbed. In this computer center ( 13 ) are then calculated on the basis of the logon data records generated in passenger journeys with transits in different means of transport ( 124 ) the paid passenger journeys originally realized by the passenger as a contiguous passenger journey are reassembled in the original state through the network of lines. All entry stops can be found in the registration data records. The analyzes on travel behavior of passengers in the line network that can be carried out on this data basis will be shown below using examples.

2 Represents the structure of the data store 115 contained in the data element ( 1151 ), an e-ticket can be stored which, in terms of its data structure, can adapt to existing definitions of e-tickets for local public transport. In the data element ( 11511 ), the ticket type is defined, and it must be distinguished whether the e-ticket is a time ticket or a multi-trip ticket. In the case of a time ticket, the start date and the end date of the validity period are included in the data record. For a multi-trip ticket, the data element contains ( 11512 ) the maximum number of single trips specified at the time of purchase, which may be used with this ticket in passenger journeys in the network. The data element ( 1152 ) stores the travel identifier, which at the start of a new passenger journey from the acquisition device ( 12 ) to the storage medium ( 11 ) is transmitted. In a newly purchased storage medium ( 11 ) this data element is at a default value. The data element ( 1153 ) stores a time stamp that is generated by the acquisition device at the start of a new passenger journey ( 12 ) to the storage medium ( 11 ) is transmitted. For a newly purchased storage medium, this data element is also preset to a default value. The data element ( 1154 ) stores the line identifier with the direction indicator which is displayed by the acquisition device at the start of a new passenger journey ( 12 ) to the storage medium ( 11 ) is transmitted. For a newly purchased storage medium, this data element is also preset to a default value. The data element ( 1155 ) stores the line identifier with direction information given on each trip in the course of a passenger journey. For a newly purchased storage medium, this data element is also preset to a default value. The data element ( 1156 ) stores the number of trips that can still be made with a multi-trip ticket. When purchasing a new multi-trip ticket, the one in the data element ( 11512 ) entered maximum value. Thereafter, this counter is incrementally decremented by one counter each time a new trip identifier is created. In the data element ( 1157 ), the validity identifier entered by the acquisition device ( 12 ) to the storage medium ( 11 ) is sent when a trip could be successfully registered.

The logon record ( 124 ) contains not only the data elements already described, but also a timestamp ( 1242 ,) which records the exact time of registration, as well as the exact entry point ( 1243 ) (ie the uniquely identifying stop number of this entry point in the line network) and in the data element ( 1252 ) for the at the time of the registration assigned to the transport line identifier with direction indication. Each logon process thus provides a clear protocol to the computer center ( 13 ).

The program sequence that runs during each logon procedure is in 5 fully illustrated. In a record ( 201 ) the data elements ( 1151 . 1152 . 1153 . 1154 . 1155 . 1156 ) from the acquisition device ( 11 ) to the storage medium ( 12 ) transfer. The data elements of the data store ( 125 ) are included in the registration process. If the e-ticket is invalid or has no general tariff validity for travel on this means of transport (eg wrong tariff zone, or elapsed time period of a time card), then the registration will be completely rejected. The passenger then has in the event of a ticket inspection (procedural step 20 ) no valid ticket with you. If a multi-trip ticket no longer has any entitlement to travel, the carriage is rejected (procedural step no. 21 ). Is this the first use of a newly purchased storage medium ( 11 ), the default values of the data elements provided for this case are recognized and the acquisition device ( 12 ) immediately generates a new travel identifier for the start of a new passenger journey in the network (method step no. 231 ). If the newly used ticket is a multi-trip ticket, the amount of travel still possible with it is reduced by one unit (procedural step 232 ). A logging logon record ( 124 ) and the data elements 1241 . 1153 . 1154 . 1155 . 1156 . 1231 are sent to the storage medium ( 11 ) Posted (Step 233 ). The old values of the data memory remaining there are overwritten.

Is in the process step 22 it has been found that this is not the first use of a new storage medium ( 11 ), but to reuse, then in four consecutive examination queries (procedural steps 240 . 241 . 242 and 243 ) examines whether the passenger wants to register (or has to register) a completely new passenger journey, or whether the registration request is a registration of a journey after a transfer operation, with which only a passenger journey already started is continued to reach a destination stop in the network. In process step 240 is checked whether since the start time of the passenger journey (data element 1153 ) the time limit of the variable (data element 1254 ) at the time of the registration request at the recording device ( 12 ) is not already exceeded. In process step 241 It checks whether on the basis of the last trip made (data element 1155 ) compared with the current journey of the means of transport (data element 1252 ) a transfer process is permitted at all. In process step 242 is determined by means of a comparison, whether the current journey of the means of transport (data element 1252 ) With 1155 in the second value range ( 12532 ) occur together in a line group, checked whether a journey in the return direction is sought. In process step 243 finally, based on the third range of values ( 12533 ) examined whether the borderline case of a round trip in the network of lines makes the continuation of the passenger journey impossible. In 5 is shown in each case whether the test comes to an acceptance of the continuation of a passenger journey begun with another trip or to a rejection. In case of rejection becomes procedural step 231 jumped. In case of acceptance, in the process step 245 only the data elements ( 11559 ) and ( 1231 ) with new values for the storage medium ( 11 ) Posted. Of course, in this case too, a complete logon record ( 124 ) and in the data memory ( 126 ) filed.

In 6 By way of example, a 10-line public transport network is shown. The lines have got the designations from "a" to "j". In this network, a passenger begins a passenger journey R.1 with a first trip R 1.1 (reference numeral 31 ) at the simple stop I (reference numeral 32 ). It enters a means of transport, which drives the line "a" in direction "north", and announces itself immediately after the entrance. His first journey takes him to the first transfer stop II. There he climbs. He enters for his second trip R 1.2 in the course of the passenger journey R 1 in a mode of transport of the line "h" in the direction of travel "West". After confirming the registration process, he generates a second trip R 1.2. It goes to the transfer stop III and changes there in the line "e" in the direction of travel "south". This creates a third trip R 1.3 within the passenger journey R 1. Until then, all registration requests for the continuation of the R 1.1 passenger journey started after transfer operations are positive from the detection device 12 been decided. In the examination at the transfer stop II, a first range of values shown in Table 1 above ( 12531 ) and a second range of values shown in the above table 2 using the example of the same stop ( 12532 ).

The passenger leaves in the transfer stop IV the means of transport of the line "e / south". He immediately gets on a transport of the line "i / Osten". When examining the third range of values ( 12533 ) recognizes the detection device ( 12 ), that the possibility of a round trip in the network would exist in this drive. The recording device therefore creates a new passenger journey (R 2.1).

In 7 A third exemplary passenger journey R 3 is shown which, with its three trips R 3.1, R 3.2 and R 3.3, successively uses the lines "e / south", "h / east" and "a / south". The departure point for the passenger journey is stop VIII (a one-way stop without transfer options), after which the passenger transfers to transfer stops III and II. The last trip R 3.3 starts in stop II, the passenger boarded a means of transport line "a / south". His exit stop is unknown (reference number 421 ). For each of these three trips R 3.1, R3.2 and R 3.3, the computer center ( 13 ) corresponding login records ( 124 ) in the entire data volume of this operating day. All of these login records had the same trip identifier (data item 1241 ). Based on the respective timestamp (data element 1242 ), they were put in the same order in which they were originally produced.

At the respectively used transfer stops III and II can now on the recursion step (reference numerals 44 ) from the measured entry-stop of a pick-up trip (reference numeral 41 ) (corresponds to the data element 1243 ) are closed on the exit stop of the previously taken feeder journey (reference numeral 42 ). Both stop numbers must be identical. The exit stops of the R 3.1 and R 3.2 are thus immediately known. This relationship is now applicable to all passenger trips in the data volume. Thus, all passenger travel with transfers are known with respect to their exact route in the network. They just lack the location of the exit Hal on the last journey during the entire journey from a start stop to a destination stop on the net.

All login records where the trip identifier (data element 1241 ) only once from a detection device ( 12 ) was awarded, are thus immediately identified as a direct trip without transfer process. For these passenger trips, the exit stop on the affected line is also unknown. However, the total number of trips made using time cards is now known. In the case of multi-trip tickets, the total number of possible passenger journeys is fixed from the beginning. With the help of the invention, however, it is now also known in such journeys where these have actually taken place in the network. Thus, the total number of passenger journeys in a network (cases of transport) can be accurately determined on one day of operation. The differentiation of this total number after direct travel and passenger travel with transfer operations is thus well known.

As both direct trips without transfers (see the passenger journey "R 2" in 6 ) as well as passenger travel with transfer operations (see the passenger journey "R 1" in 6 and the passenger journey "R 3" in 7 ) occur almost never as a single phenomenon but always as a mass phenomenon (one speaks therefore of "mass transit"), this results in the advantage that applicable to mass phenomena laws of statistical estimation methods also in the form of mass passenger transport in a public transport Line network with good success potentials are applicable 8th is denoted by reference 51 pointed to three curved arrows. The arrow beginning at the simple stop VIII corresponds to the route R. 3.1 7 , In this case, this arrow represents a plurality of equal passenger trips in the network. As there are three stops on the line branch of the "e / South" line, which starts at stop XI and goes to transfer stop III, from which passenger journeys begin with a first trip "R X.1" can, it concerns the stops: XI, IX and III, a total of three thick black arrows are subsumed under the reference numeral 51.

Add the number of these trips to a total number, on the basis of which a relative frequency for each individual arrow of 51 can be calculated (see the proportionality factors a1%, b1% and c1% of the reference number 511 ), then you get with this measured distribution 511 a good estimator 522 for the unknown distribution of passengers boarding at stop III in the line "e / north", who are on the last journey R X.3 of a passenger journey, where they are seeking a stop on this line branch the line "e / north" must be. In this case, only the previously examined stops VIII, IX and XI come into question. Travel R X.3 in this group of passenger journeys has in the data element ( 1252 ) always the line number "e / north". In this transmission, the measured distribution ( 511 ) as an estimator of the distribution ( 522 ) used the law of transport known that many trips in a network on a day, for example, in the morning start at a so-called source stop (eg near the apartment), then lead to a destination stop (eg near the Workplace), in the evening again on the same way back to the morning Quell-stop lead.

Since in the data volume of a working day in the computer center ( 13 ) there are sufficient passenger journeys available, it is possible to arrange for certain definite structures of passenger journeys, which take place via certain lines and transfer stops in exactly predeterminable order, sufficient passenger journeys in order to determine the distribution of the type ( 511 ) to be able to calculate on the line load lying on the first transfer stop of this order. The second trip, all passenger travel, to the reference number 51 then take a ride on the "h / Osten" line from bus stop III to bus stop II. The third and last journey of all passenger trips belonging to this group will then start at transfer stop II and will no longer have any transfer procedures logged. In the reference ( 512 ) it is indicated that now for these last voyages an estimate of their distribution on the possible exit stops VI or I must be made.

This estimator can in turn be based on a measured distribution ( 521 ), which could be calculated on the basis of the true entry-level of first voyages R X.1 of passenger voyages RX starting exactly in the reverse direction on the line "a / north", then a second voyage on the line " h / Westen "to end the passenger journey with a trip on the line" e / north ". Thus, for any recent travel of passenger trips with one or more interchange operations, the equivalent first trips of equivalent passenger trips are available to compare with their measured distributions ( 511 or 521 ) good estimation functions ( 512 or 522 ) contribute.

With Help of these estimators can be good approximations for the Location of the exit stops on recent trips by passenger travel with transfer procedures. This is the complete one Itinerary of such passenger travel known in the network.

The Revenue for Certain types of tickets can be proportional in a first step on quantity A of trips of type "direct travel" and on quantity B of trips of Type "passenger trip with Divide transfer operations ".

Of the Revenue share attributable to the amount B, can then continue according to the travel lengths be split up at a single passenger trip on different Lines of the network were covered.

11

storage medium

111

antenna of the storage medium

112

CPU of the storage medium

113

Display on storage medium for displaying the validity identifier ( 1231 )

114

display on storage medium to display the number of trips a

Multi-trip ticket ( 1156 )

115

rewritable Data storage on the storage medium

1151

electronic Ticket (e-ticket)

11511

Ticket type of e-ticket ( 1151 )

11512

output value the number of trips by tariff when purchasing the e-ticket

1152

data element in the storage medium for the travel ID

1153

data element in the storage medium for the timestamp, the beginning

one new passenger journey is awarded

1154

data element in the storage medium for the line number with driving line

processing indication, who only forgive at the start of a new passenger journey

becomes

1155

data element in the storage medium for the line number with

Direction indication, the at every trip in the course of a

Passenger travel is awarded

1156

current remaining number of trips on a multi-trip ticket

1157

current Valid ID after positive outcome of the

registration process

12

acquisition device

121

antenna of the detection device

122

CPU of the detection device

123

display of the detection device for displaying the validity identifier

( 1231 )

1231

Valid ID for one scheduled journey of the means of transport

124

Registration record for each Registration process of a passenger

1241

Travel ID a passenger journey

12411

clearly identifying identifier of the detection device

12412

incrementing Counter, which advances after each login

1242

time stamp for each registration process

1243

Ortsstempel for each Registration process (boarding stop)

125

data storage for operational Data of the means of transport

1251

ID for the business leader Traffic Company

1252

Line number with direction of the current trip of the

means of transport

1253

value ranges per transfer stop of the busy line

12531

first Value range (general test the admissibility from

connections first)

12532

second Range of values (Exam on drive in the opposite direction)

12533

third Range of values (Exam on circle in the net)

1254

time variable (maximum time in the transfer operations after start

of the Passenger travel are allowed)

126

Datastore for collecting all datasets ( 124 ) of a drive

of means of transport

13

IT center a transport association

14

radiobased Communication connection (RFID standard ISO 14443 A)

20

Standard validation for the e-ticket

201

at Registration process from storage medium to acquisition device

transmitted data element

21

Check if for multi-trip tickets still at least one number of trips

from 1 in the datastore ( 1156 ) is included

22

Check if it's the first time you sign up for a new one

purchased storage medium ( 11 ).

231

generation a new travel identifier for a new passenger journey

in the Subway

232

Reduction of the variable ( 1156 ) (Number of trips on the multi-trip ticket)

around 1

233

from acquisition device on storage medium when registering the first Rei

se a new passenger travel transferred data element

240

exam on Compliance with the time variables

241

Check on first range of values ( 12531 )

242

Check on second range of values ( 12532 )

243

Check on third range of values ( 12533 )

244

Maintaining the read travel ID ( 1152 )

245

from acquisition device on storage medium when registering a trip

to an interchange process within the course of a passenger

Travel rendered data element

31

Labelling a passenger journey R X.Y, where X = identifier for

the whole passenger journey and Y = consecutive numbering

of the individual trips that belong to X, if transfer operations in front

took become.

32

easy Stop in public transport network, the only entry and Ausstei

gene allows.

33

Umsteige stop

34

ID for a public transport line, always be from two directions be

stands.

35

specification the direction, serves as an identifier for the direction of travel, in

of the be done on a line x trips.

41

With the record 124 raised boarding stop of a trip R XY

42

reconstructed Exit stop of a journey R X. (n-1) on the

Base a related Journey R X.n

421

for the time being unknown permanent exit stop of the last

travel R X.Y of a passenger journey R X

43

separate Travel R X.Y in the course of a passenger journey R X

44

direction the reconstruction

51

all Passenger Travel R. A, which consists of three trips, with one

travel R A.1 on the line "e / south" in the inflow to the

Umsteige stop III, start a second trip

R A.2 (on the line "h / east"), in II change and there

a last journey R A.3 (on the line "a / south") make.

511

relative frequencies a1%, b1% and c1% in which the amount

all Divide R A.1 into three subsets a1, b1, and c1 that are in

VIII (for a1), in IX (for b1) and in XI (for c1).

512

Approximate calculation the volume distribution of trips R. A.3

on subsets d2 and e2 using distribution 521

52

all Passenger Travel R. B, which consists of three trips, with one

travel R B.1 on the line "a / north" in the inflow to the

Umsteige stop II start on it a second trip

R B.2 (on the line "h / west"), in 111 transfer and there

a Make the last journey R B.3 (on the line "e / North").

521

relative frequencies d1% and e1% in which the amount

all Divide R B.1 into two subsets d1 and e1 that are in

VI (for d1) or in I (for e1) have begun.

522

Approximate calculation of the volume distribution of trips RB3 to subsets a2, b2 and c2 using the distribution 511

Claims (19)

A method for collecting and billing service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport from a starting point to a destination using systems for registering passengers in electronic ticketing systems by means of chip cards, characterized in that - by the or each passenger at a time in the Course of the journey the first time access to one of the means of transport in a means of transport associated detection device ( 12 ) the generation of a data element (travel identifier) unambiguously identifying the journey of the or each passenger ( 1241 ), a time stamp ( 1242 ), which reflects this in the traveler's first registration time, as well as a location stamp ( 1243 ), which reflects the spatial location of the first log-on process in the travel history, - this data element ( 1241 ) and the associated time ( 1242 ) - and local stamps ( 1243 ) after the generation in a first, in the acquisition device to be stored registration record ( 124 ), - this data element ( 1241 ) and the associated time stamp ( 1242 ) to a passenger storage medium ( 11 ), as well as during a second or further registration of the passenger during the journey when entering a second or further means of transport in a detection device belonging to the second or further means of transport ( 12 ) a second or further login data record ( 124 ) is created and stored, this second or further logon record the on the occasion of the first registration during the journey registration travel identifier ( 1152 ) contains. Method for recording and billing of service charges for the journeys made by passengers on public transport according to claim 1, characterized in that the data element (travel identifier) uniquely identifying the journey of the or each passenger ( 1241 ) from a unique numeric device identifier of the detection device ( 12411 ) and a unique identifier ( 12412 ) is formed for each logon process performed on this logger. Method for collecting and billing service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to claim 2, characterized in that the unique identifier ( 12412 ) of each logon process to a logger is incrementally incremented from a logon process performed with each logon operation performed on that logger. Method for collecting and billing service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the time stamp ( 1153 ) of the chronologically first registration process during the journey during a second or further registration of the or each passenger in a second or further means of transport by the detection device assigned to this second or further means of transport ( 12 ) from the storage medium ( 11 ) and a comparison with the current time stamp present in the acquisition device at the time of the second or further registration ( 1242 ) is supplied. Method for recording and billing of service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the event of a departure of the time stamp (2) present in the recording device at the time of the second or further registration ( 1242 ) of one with respect to the timestamp ( 1153 ) of the temporal value range predefinable in the first travel procedure ( 1254 ) a new travel identifier ( 1241 ) generated by the detection device, in a to be stored in the acquisition device new logon record ( 124 ) is integrated and transferred to the storage medium of the passenger, whereby the previous travel identifier ( 1152 ) is overwritten data element of the storage medium with the new travel identifier. Procedure for collecting and billing service charges for passengers in public transport Transport carried out according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the generation of one or each registration record ( 124 ) in the acquisition device ( 12 ) of a means of transport data elements ( 1154 . 1155 ) for unambiguous identification of the direction of travel and line number of the means of transport, integrated into the log-on data record, to the storage medium assigned to the passenger ( 11 ) and, in the case of a respective subsequent registration process, a comparison with the data element present in the acquisition device at the time of the subsequent registration process ( 1252 ) are supplied for unambiguous identification of the direction of travel and line number of the means of transport. Method for recording and billing of service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to claim 6, characterized in that, if the direction of travel and the number of lines present in the registration device differ at the time of the second or further registration ( 1252 ) of predefinable value ranges ( 1253 ), which, depending on this current direction of travel and line number, indicate the logon procedures which have been timed in the same journey ( 1154 . 1155 ) defined transfer relationships, a new travel identifier ( 1241 ) generated by the detection device, in a to be stored in the acquisition device new logon record ( 124 ) is integrated and transferred to the storage medium of the passenger, whereby the previous travel identifier ( 1152 ) is overwritten data element of the storage medium with the new travel identifier. Method for the collection and billing of service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that when generating one or each log-on data set ( 124 ) in the recording device of a means of transport a data element for the unique identification of the ticket type ( 11511 ) and operator ( 1251 ) of the means of transport and integrated into the registration record. A method for collecting and billing of service charges for the travel carried out by passengers on public transport according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that between detection device and storage medium of the passenger a a validity feature ( 1231 ) for identifying a successful creation of the logon record in the data entry device containing data element ( 1157 ) is exchanged. Method for collecting and billing service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to claim 9, characterized in that as validity feature ( 1231 ) generated with on-board devices of the means of transport random number of each of the respective means of transport associated detection device ( 12 ) after successfully creating the log-on record to the storage medium ( 11 ) of the notifying passenger and on each one of the transmitting data collection device ( 123 ) and / or the receiving storage medium ( 113 ) associated display is displayed. Method for recording and billing of service charges for the travel carried out by passengers in public transport according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the registration data sets generated and stored in the acquisition devices ( 126 ) to a central instance ( 13 ) are transmitted for the purpose of evaluating the distances traveled by the or each passenger in the various modes of transport. Method for recording and billing of service charges for the travel carried out by passengers on public transport according to claim 11, characterized in that the registration records in the central evaluation entity for determining the travel carried out by the passengers in different means of transport in a first method step according to Travel ID ( 1241 ) as well as, in a second method step, all data records that can be assigned to a same trip identifier ( 124 ) after time stamps ( 1242 ). A system for charging and billing for the travel of passengers on public transport from a starting point to a destination using systems for registering passengers in electronic ticketing systems by means of smart cards, characterized in that in or on the or each means of transport devices ( 12 ) - to record a current time ( 1242 ) and position information ( 1243 ) of the means of transport, - for reading a data element (travel identifier) characterizing a journey of the passenger from a start to a destination ( 1152 ) as well as data elements indicating the time of generation of chronologically preceding login data records ( 1154 . 1155 ), of a passenger mitge led storage medium ( 11 ), - for performing a temporal validity comparison of the data read from this storage medium ( 1153 ) with respect to the time currently available in the device ( 1242 . 1254 ), - to create a new travel identifier ( 1241 ) and their transfer in write access to the storage medium ( 1152 ) of the passenger, - for creating and saving login data records ( 124 ), the travel identifier ( 1241 ), the current time ( 1242 ) - and local stamps ( 1243 ) for the registration of the passenger, a registration number ( 1251 ) for the operator of the means of transport and a number plate ( 11511 ) and the or each passenger of a arranged in the means of transport detection devices by read and write accessable storage medium () are provided for the ticket type ( 11 ) on which a data element (travel identifier) characterizing a journey of the passenger from a start point to a destination point ( 1152 ) and a date ( 1153 ) of the first generation of this travel identifier descriptive data element can be stored. A system for the collection and billing of service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to claim 13, characterized in that - in the or each means of transport devices ( 12 ) for detecting current line number and direction ( 1252 ) of the means of transport, for creating and storing line number and direction ( 1252 ) of the means of transport containing registration data ( 124 ), for querying the line number and direction of preceding log-in data elements ( 1154 . 1155 ) of a storage medium carried by the or each passenger ( 11 ) and to make validity comparisons between the current ( 1252 ) and the line numbers and directions queried from the storage medium ( 1154 . 155 ) - as well as on the storage medium at least one of the detection devices by read and write access contactable, driving direction and line number of the means of transport descriptive data element ( 1154 . 1155 ) are provided. A system for the collection and billing of service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the storage medium ( 11 ) a data element designating a predefinable number of permitted trips ( 1156 ), which is used at each logon process ( 124 ), in which by the detection device, a new travel identifier ( 1241 ) is generated by write access of the detection device ( 12 ) is reduced by one unit. A system for charging and billing for the services performed by passengers on public transport according to at least one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the storage medium comprises a data element for storing a validity feature exchanged between the detection device and the storage medium of the passenger ( 1157 ) for identifying a successful creation of the logon record ( 124 ) in the acquisition device ( 12 ) having. A system for the collection and billing of service charges for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to claim 16, characterized in that the storage medium ( 11 ) a device ( 113 ) for clear optical display of the content of the data element containing the validity ( 1157 ) as well as a device ( 114 ) for optical plain text display of the content of the data element which can be assigned with a predefinable number of admissible trips ( 1156 ) having. System for the collection and billing of service charges for the journeys made by passengers on public transport according to at least one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the storage medium assigned to the or each passenger ( 11 ) as one with an antenna ( 111 ) for wireless data exchange ( 14 ) with the traffic device associated with the detection device ( 12 ) and with an optical display ( 113 . 114 ) is designed for the display of 7-segment digits provided chip card or as equipped with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) functionality mobile device. A system for the collection and billing of wages for journeys made by passengers on public transport according to at least one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that in or on the or each means of transport devices ( 12 ) for transferring the logon records to a central entity ( 13 ) for the evaluation of the or each passenger in the different Means of transport are provided.