DE102004039152A1 - Fuel cell system for generating electricity in vehicle has cleaning unit for synthesis gas produced in fuel preparation system with at least two separate cleaning stages that are connected in parallel - Google Patents
Fuel cell system for generating electricity in vehicle has cleaning unit for synthesis gas produced in fuel preparation system with at least two separate cleaning stages that are connected in parallel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102004039152A1 DE102004039152A1 DE102004039152A DE102004039152A DE102004039152A1 DE 102004039152 A1 DE102004039152 A1 DE 102004039152A1 DE 102004039152 A DE102004039152 A DE 102004039152A DE 102004039152 A DE102004039152 A DE 102004039152A DE 102004039152 A1 DE102004039152 A1 DE 102004039152A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- fuel
- synthesis gas
- cell system
- cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a fuel cell system according to the preamble of claim 1
Um dem ständig steigenden Bedarf an elektrischer Energie im Fahrzeug gerecht zu werden, bietet sich in Fahrzeugen mit konventionellen Antriebsaggregaten die Installation einer Brennstoffzellen-APU (auxiliary power unit) an. Die Baugruppen sind bekannt und bestehen aus einer Brennstoffzelle und einem Kraftstoffaufbereitungssystem. Üblicherweise werden Brennstoffzellen mit einer Polymermembran eingesetzt. Um nicht einen zweiten Kraftstoff im Fahrzeug mitführen zu müssen, wird zur Versorgung der Brennstoffzelle mit Wasserstoff der mitgeführte Kraftstoff, beispielsweise Diesel oder Benzin, in dem Kraftstoffaufbereitungssystem zu wasserstoffreichem Synthesegas aufbereitet, welches von Verunreinigungen gereinigt werden muss, bevor es der Brennstoffzelle zugeführt werden kann. Beim Einsatz in einem Fahrzeug treten schnell wechselnde Lastanforderungen auch an eine Brennstoffzellen-APU heran.Around constantly increasing demand for electrical energy in the vehicle can be found in vehicles with conventional drive units the installation of a fuel cell APU (auxiliary power unit) at. The modules are known and consist of a fuel cell and a fuel treatment system. Usually, fuel cells used with a polymer membrane. Not to use a second fuel carry in the vehicle to have to, is to supply the fuel cell with hydrogen of the entrained fuel, For example, diesel or gasoline, in the fuel treatment system converted to hydrogen-rich syngas, which is contaminated must be cleaned before it is supplied to the fuel cell can. When used in a vehicle occur quickly changing load requirements also approached a fuel cell APU.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer Kraftstoffaufbereitungssystem anzugeben, welches eine hohe Dynamik im Betrieb ermöglicht.task The present invention is a fuel cell system with indicate a fuel treatment system, which has a high Dynamic operation possible.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The Task is according to the invention with the features of claim 1.
Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellensystem weist neben seinen gattungsbildenden Merkmalen das Merkmal auf, dass eine Reinigungseinheit für in einem Kraftstoffaufbereitungssystem erzeugtes Synthesegas mindestens zwei parallel geschaltete separate Reinigungsstufen aufweist. Es kann eine Zwischenspeicherungsfähigkeit der Reinigungsstufen ausgenutzt werden, so dass bei einer schnellen Lastanforderung in der Reinigungsstufe zwischengespeichertes Synthesegas schnell entnommen werden kann.The Fuel cell system according to the invention has the characteristic besides its generic characteristics that a cleaning unit for in at least one synthesis gas produced by a fuel treatment system has two parallel separate cleaning stages. It can be a caching capability the cleaning stages are exploited, so that at a fast load request Synthesis gas temporarily stored in the purification stage can be removed.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.advantageous Further developments of the invention are specified in subclaims.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist im Normalbetrieb nur eine der Reinigungsstufen im Synthesegasstrom in Richtung Brennstoffzelle angeordnet. Vorteilhaft kann die zweite Reinigungsstufe als Speicher für Synthesegas zur Verfügung stehen und bei Lastspitzen zuschaltbar sein. Die zweite Reinigungsstufe kann auch von Synthesegas durchströmt sein, welches einem Brenner statt der Brennstoffzelle zugeführt werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment is only one in normal operation the purification stages in the synthesis gas stream in the direction of the fuel cell arranged. Advantageously, the second cleaning stage as a memory for synthesis gas to disposal be available and switchable at load peaks. The second cleaning stage can also be flowed through by synthesis gas, which is a burner supplied instead of the fuel cell can be.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind die Reinigungsstufen mit unterschiedlichem Druck betreibbar. Die zuschaltbare Reinigungsstufe ist vorteilhaft mit höherem Druck betreibbar als die im Normalbetrieb einsetzbare Reinigungsstufe.In In a further advantageous embodiment, the purification stages operable with different pressure. The switchable cleaning stage is advantageous with higher Pressure operable as the usable during normal operation cleaning stage.
In einer besonders günstigen Ausgestaltung sind die Reinigungsstufen als Druckwechseladsorptionsvorrichtungen ausgebildet. Solche Druckwechseladsorptionsvorrichtungen (PSA – pressure swing adsorption) weisen eine besonders gute Zwischenspeicherkapazität auf und können daher ausreichende Mengen an Synthesegas bei einer schnellen Lastanforderung liefern.In a particularly favorable Embodiment are the purification stages as pressure swing adsorption devices educated. Such pressure swing adsorption devices (PSA - pressure swing adsorption) have a particularly good intermediate storage capacity and can therefore, sufficient amounts of syngas at a fast load request deliver.
PSA-Einheiten an sich sind bekannt. Die Synthesegasreinigung in diesen PSA-Einheiten erfolgt üblicherweise innerhalb eines einzelnen Moduls mit getrennten Adsorptionsbetten ab, die bei gängigen Systemen z.B. aus Zeolith- oder Molekularsieben bestehen. Es wird üblicherweise mehr als ein einzelnes Adsorptionsbett verwendet, da die Beladung zeitlich limitiert ist und es danach zu ersten Durchbrüchen von anderen, unerwünschten Synthesegaskomponenten kommen kann. Die dann notwendige Regeneration des Molekularsiebs durch Druckverringerung und Spülung würde sonst zu einer vollständigen Unterbrechung der Wasserstoffabgabe führen, weshalb zu diesem Zeitpunkt ein zweites Adsorptionsbett die Gasreinigung übernimmt. Wird ein solches PSA-Modul in den Synthesegasstrom geschaltet, kann dieses daher eine kontinuierliche Wasserstoffversorgung gewährleisten. Das Vorsehen eines zweiten, zuschaltbaren PSA-Moduls bei dynamischer Beanspruchung des Systems kompensiert vorteilhaft die üblicherweise geringe Dynamik der PSA-Module und verkürzt eine Verzögerung bis zum Erreichen der elektrischen Sollleistung der Brennstoffzelle. Insbesondere wird mit der Zwischenspeicherfähigkeit des zuschaltbaren PSA-Moduls eine thermische Trägheit der Synthesegaserzeugung im Reformierungsprozess. PSA-Module verfügen im Gegensatz Gasfeinreinigungskonzepten wie selektiver CO-Oxidation, Membranseparation oder selektiver Methanisierung über ein sehr hohes Wasserstoff-Speichervolumen und über beeinflussbare Diffusionsgeschwindigkeiten des Wasserstoffs durch das Molekularsieb. Dies lässt sich vorteilhaft zur Pufferung kurzzeitig auftretender Lastspitzen nutzen, indem bevorzugt zwei PSA-Module parallel geschaltet werden. Werden die beiden Module mit unterschiedlichem Druck betrieben, wobei das zuschaltbare PSA-Modul auf höherem Druck betrieben wird, kann bei einer Anforderung nach mehr Wasserstoff als das Kraftstoffaufbereitungssystem verzögerungsfrei liefern kann, das zuschaltbare PSA-Modul auf den geringeren Betriebsdruck des ersten PSA-Moduls entspannt werden. Dadurch steht eine erhöhte maximale Durchsatzrate an Wasserstoff zur Verfügung, und es wird umgehend die Differenz der Eigenkapazitäten der PSA-Module beim Betriebsdruck des ersten und des zuschaltbare PSA-Moduls an Wasserstoff freigesetzt.PSA units are known per se. The synthesis gas purification in these PSA units usually takes place within a single module with separate adsorption beds, which in conventional systems consist of zeolite or molecular sieves, for example. It is usually more than a single adsorption bed is used, since the loading is limited in time and it can then come to first breakthroughs of other undesirable syngas components. The then necessary regeneration of the molecular sieve by reducing the pressure and flushing would otherwise lead to a complete interruption of the hydrogen release, which is why at this time a second adsorption takes over the gas purification. If such a PSA module is switched into the synthesis gas stream, this can therefore ensure a continuous supply of hydrogen. The provision of a second, switchable PSA module under dynamic loading of the system advantageously compensates for the usually low dynamics of the PSA modules and shortens a delay until the nominal electrical power of the fuel cell is reached. In particular, with the buffering capability of the switchable PSA module, a thermal inertia of the synthesis gas production in the reforming process. In contrast to gas-fine cleaning concepts such as selective CO oxidation, membrane separation or selective methanation, PSA modules have a very high hydrogen storage volume and controllable diffusion rates of hydrogen through the molecular sieve. This can advantageously be used to buffer short-term peak loads by preferably connecting two PSA modules in parallel. If the two modules are operated with different pressure, the switchable PSA module is operated at higher pressure, can deliver without delay in a request for more hydrogen than the fuel preparation system, the switchable PSA module ent on the lower operating pressure of the first PSA module ent be tense. As a result, an increased maximum throughput rate of hydrogen is available, and it is immediately released the difference of the inherent capacities of the PSA modules at the operating pressure of the first and the switchable PSA module of hydrogen.
Weitere Ausbildungsformen und Aspekte der Erfindung werden unabhängig von einer Zusammenfassung in den Patentansprüchen ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit im Folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt die einzige Figur ein bevorzugtes Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß der Erfindung.Further Embodiments and aspects of the invention will be independent of a summary in the claims without limitation of the Generality explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. there the sole figure shows a preferred fuel cell system according to the invention.
Wie
aus der Figur ersichtlich umfasst ein bevorzugtes Brennstoffzellensystem
ein Kraftstoffaufbereitungssystem
Die
Kathodenseite
Die
Brennstoffzelle
Gemäß der Erfindung
weist die Reinigungseinheit
Die
zweite Reinigungsstufe
- 1010
- Brennstoffzellefuel cell
- 1111
- Anodeanode
- 1212
- Kathodecathode
- 1313
- KraftstoffaufbereitungssystemFuel supply system
- 1414
- KraftstoffpumpeFuel pump
- 1515
- Reinigungseinheitcleaning unit
- 1616
- Reinigungsstufecleaning stage
- 1717
- Reinigungsstufecleaning stage
- 1818
- Wasserpumpewater pump
- 1919
- Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
- 2020
- Brennerburner
- 2121
- Verdichtercompressor
- 2222
- VentilValve
- 2323
- Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
- 2424
- Wasserabscheiderwater
- 2525
- VentilValve
- 2626
- Abgasleitungexhaust pipe
- 2727
- Wasserpumpewater pump
- 2828
- Wassertankwater tank
- 2929
- Verzweigungsventilbranch valve
- 3030
- Batteriebattery
- 3131
- Leitungmanagement
- 3232
- Systemsteuerungcontrol Panel
- 3333
- Absperrventilshut-off valve
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004039152A DE102004039152A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2004-08-12 | Fuel cell system for generating electricity in vehicle has cleaning unit for synthesis gas produced in fuel preparation system with at least two separate cleaning stages that are connected in parallel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004039152A DE102004039152A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2004-08-12 | Fuel cell system for generating electricity in vehicle has cleaning unit for synthesis gas produced in fuel preparation system with at least two separate cleaning stages that are connected in parallel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102004039152A1 true DE102004039152A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
Family
ID=35721318
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004039152A Withdrawn DE102004039152A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2004-08-12 | Fuel cell system for generating electricity in vehicle has cleaning unit for synthesis gas produced in fuel preparation system with at least two separate cleaning stages that are connected in parallel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102004039152A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001047050A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-28 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated fuel cell and pressure swing adsorption system |
DE10130776A1 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-30 | P21 Gmbh | Device for removing sulfur from a medium and fuel cell system |
-
2004
- 2004-08-12 DE DE102004039152A patent/DE102004039152A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001047050A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-28 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated fuel cell and pressure swing adsorption system |
DE10130776A1 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-30 | P21 Gmbh | Device for removing sulfur from a medium and fuel cell system |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
OM8 | Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
R005 | Application deemed withdrawn due to failure to request examination |
Effective date: 20110813 |