DE102004009611B4 - Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter - Google Patents

Abstract

Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter for converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal (D) with:
(a) at least one analogue integrator (3) having an operational amplifier (7) which integrates a differential signal between the analogue input signal and an analogue feedback signal;
(b) a quantizer (12) clocked by a clock signal (CLK) which quantizes the integrated analog signal output by the integrator (3) to produce the digital output signal (D); and
(c) with a reference capacitor (28), characterized by,
(d) a current source (31), which can be connected in series with the reference capacitor (28),
wherein a constant charge (Q) is shifted by the current source (31) in response to a logic state of the digital output signal (D) for continuously charging the reference capacitor (28) to a reference voltage,
wherein voltage jumps (ΔU) at a signal input (6) of the operational amplifier (7) provided in the analog integrator (3) are avoided by the continuous charging process on the reference capacitor (28).

Description

The The invention relates to a time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter for converting an analog input signal to a digital output signal.

The "LUH L. et al .: Feed-Forward Gain Compensation for CMOS Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators. In: The 6 ^th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 5-8 Sept. 1999, Vol. 3 "describes two different feed forward compensation schemes, one of which has reference current generators, and the other has voltage controlled voltage / current converters. Furthermore, circuit design and power limitations are described.

The "Gerfers F. et al .: A Clock Jitter Insensitive Multibit DAC Architecture for High-Performance Low-Power Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators. In: Proceedings of the 2003 10 ^th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 14-17 Dec. 2003, Vol. 3 "describes the design of a multi-bit digital / analog converter topology that is insensitive to clock flicker.

Ortmanns, M. et al .: A Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator with Switched Capacitor Controlled Current Mode Feedback. In: Solid State Circuits Conference, 2003. ESSCIRC '03. Proceedings of the 29 ^th European; Sept. 2003 "describes a technique for reducing sensitivity to clock flicker in continuous-time sigma-delta modulators.

1 shows a time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to the prior art. The conventional sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter first converts an analog input signal in a sigma-delta pulse density modulator into a high-frequency serial bit sequence, usually one bit resolution, ie a high-frequency coarse quantized sample. Subsequent digital low-pass filtering converts the modulator output into high-resolution parallel words that have a much lower sampling rate. The energy of the quantization noise is distributed evenly over a wide frequency band by oversampling.

One Sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ΣΔADC) consists of two main components, namely from a delta-sigma modulator and a digital filter. First is a low-resolution analog-to-digital conversion, for example with a bit resolution accomplished and subsequently the quantization noise with digital filtering is greatly reduced.

The sigma-delta modulator of the prior art, as in 1 has a feedback loop comprising a subtractor, an integrator, a coarse quantizer and a digital-to-analog converter in the feedback branch. The quantizer consists of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with low resolution but high sampling rate, which provides a digital output signal. The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) provided in the feedback branch generates from the digital output signal sequence a quantized analog signal or approximation signal which is subtracted from the analog input signal at the subtractor. In a simple circuit implementation, the digitization or quantization is carried out with only one bit resolution, wherein the quantizer is realized by a simple threshold detector or analog comparator. In the feedback loop, the approximation signal is compared with the analog input signal and the difference is fed to the quantizer in an integrated fashion. The control loop tracks the arithmetic mean of the approximation voltage to the mean value of the input voltage.

2 shows a structurally simple sigma-delta modulator according to the prior art. The integrator is implemented by an operational amplifier whose output is fed back via a capacitor to the inverting signal input of the operational amplifier. The output of the integration amplifier outputs the integrated signal to the input of a threshold comparator, which provides a one bit resolution digital output signal. The digital output signal is fed back via an inverter and via a resistor R to a summing node, which is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier.

The main difficulty in the realization of sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters is the generation of the fed back to the integrator analog feedback signal. The analogue feedback signal output by the digital-to-analog converter DAC should map the digital output signal as accurately as possible. In a conventional sigma-delta modulator according to the prior art, as in the 1 and 2 is shown, a logic high data bit of the digital output signal (HIGH) as a first reference voltage (eg, V _Ref 1 = 1 volt) is applied to the inverting signal input of the operational amplifier and a logic low signal (low) of the digital output signal is applied as a second reference voltage (eg, V _Ref 2 = 0 volts) fed back the inverting signal input of the operational amplifier.

3 shows two feedback signals fed back to the signal input of the integrator I, which correspond to different bit sequences of the output signal. The first data bit sequence "0 1 0 1" and the second data bit sequence "0 1 1 0" are used in the in 3 Feedback signals fed back as NRZ (Non Return to Zero) data signals to the integrator I. How to compare from the 3a and 3b can recognize, the voltage integral of the two feedback signals corresponding to the charge Q fed to the integrator I and / or subtracted from the integrator I is different for the two different data bit sequences, although ideally they are to be equal to a complete linearity of the analog-digital -Wanderlers ADC guarantee. To increase the linearity is therefore the approximation signal, as in the 4a . 4b shown as RZ (Return to Zero) signal fed back. How to get out of the 4a . 4b can recognize, the voltage integral, which corresponds to the charge Q shifted to / from the integrator I, is the same for both data bit sequences, so that the linearity of the analog-to-digital converter in comparison to that in the 3a . 3b shown feedback feedback signals is greatly improved.

The disadvantage with in the 4a . 4b However, the approximation signals shown are that they are particularly sensitive to a clock jitter of the clock signal (CLK). This is because the signal pulse length in the RZ approximation signals according to 4 compared to the NRZ approximation signals, as described in the 3a . 3b are reduced, so that a temporal fluctuation of the signal edges has a stronger effect on the shifted charge Q or the voltage integral.

To reduce the sensitivity of continuous-time sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters to clock jitter, therefore, more switched capacitors are used in the feedback branch of the sigma-delta modulator, as in FIG 5 is shown. A switch S is driven by the clock signal CLK and switches a reference capacitor C _Ref alternately to a reference voltage (ground) and to the inverting signal input of the operational amplifier. The comparator output is connected via a control logic to an inverter INV and a reference resistor R _Ref to the reference capacitor C _Ref . The reference capacitor C _REF is precharged with the corresponding digital output signal in a first clock phase and transferred in a second clock phase, when the switch S switches the reference capacitor C _REF to the inverting input of the operational amplifier, a charge packet Q = C · ΔU to the integrator. In the second clock phase, charge charge packets Q are shifted, the direction of charge shift depending on whether the inverter receives a falling or rising signal edge from the control logic. The reloading of the capacitor C _REF takes place with an exponentially falling signal edge whose time constant T = R _Ref × C _Ref . Due to the falling signal pulse shape, the charge Q shifted per clock cycle T changes only slightly when the clock jitter occurs, so that the linearity of the time-continuous sigma-delta analog-digital converter according to FIG 5 when occurring clock jitter in comparison to the in 1 and 2 illustrated analog-to-digital converters is less sensitive to clock fluctuations.

6 shows a further sigma-delta modulator according to the prior art, which uses a switched capacitor in the feedback branch (Switched Capacitor). Two switches S1, S2 are driven by switch control logic in response to the digital output of a comparator.

In a first logic state (D = 1) of the digital output signal D, the two switches S1, S2 are switched in-phase, ie the two switches S1, S2 switch the reference capacitor C _Ref at the same time to ground (GND) and in the next clock phase on the one hand to the inverting signal input of the operational amplifier and to a reference voltage source which supplies a reference voltage V _ref . In the first clock phase, when both switches S1, S2 are in the left switching position, the reference _capacitor C _{REF is} discharged. In the second clock phase, a charge Q = C _Ref × Δu = C _Ref × (V _Ref -V _GND ) is shifted to the integrator I.

If the comparator outputs an output data bit D with a low logic value (D = 0), the two switches S1, S2 are operated antiparallel or in antiphase, wherein in a first clock phase, the switch S1 connects the reference capacitor C _REF to ground (GND) and the switch S2 switches the reference _capacitor C _REF to the voltage source, so that the reference _capacitor C _{REF is} charged. Subsequently, in a second clock phase, the switch S1 connects the reference capacitor C _REF to the integrator I and the switch S2 switches the reference capacitor C _REF to ground (GND), so that the charged capacitor C _REF discharges via the switch S2 and subtracts a charge Q = C × Δu from the input of the integrator I. If the logical output data bit D of the comparator logic high (D = 1), the switch S1, S2 in a clock cycle T a charge packet Q is delivered to the integrator I in an in-phase switching. Conversely, if the data bit D is logic low (D = 0), a charge packet Q is subtracted from the integrator I in a clock cycle T due to the anti-phase operation of the switches S1, S2.

The in the 5 . 6 Although the sigma-delta modulators according to the prior art reduce the clock fluctuation sensitivity considerably, they have the considerable disadvantage that significant voltage jumps Δu occur at the signal input of the integrator I. Therefore, the need in the 5 . 6 Prior art sigma-delta modulators are operational amplifiers that operate very fast. However, such operational amplifiers require a very high supply current.

It Therefore, the object of the present invention, a time-continuous Sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter for converting an analog Input signal to create a digital output signal, the insensitive to a temporal fluctuation of the clock signal Clk and the same time only a small supply current needed.

These Task is achieved by a time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter with solved specified in claim 1 features.

The invention provides a time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter for converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal
at least one analog filter that filters the analog input signal applied to a signal input of the analog filter,
a quantizer clocked by a clock signal (CLK) which quantizes the filtered analog signal output by the filter to produce the digital output signal (D) and
With
at least one reference capacitor (C _REF ), which is continuously charged by a current source for shifting a constant charge (Q) to / from the signal input of the analog filter to a reference voltage (V _Ref ), so that no voltage jumps occur at the signal input of the analog filter ,

at An input stage of the analog filter is preferably around an integrator.

at preferred embodiments the time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to the invention the displacement of the constant charge (Q) to / from the signal input occurs of the analog filter in dependence from the digital output signal (D) of the quantizer.

there is preferably in a first logical state of the digital Output signal (D = 1) the constant charge (Q) to the signal input of the analog filter and in a second logic state of the digital output signal (D = 0) the constant charge (Q) of subtracted from the signal input of the analog filter.

In a preferred embodiment, the time-continuous sigma-delta analog-digital windler according to the invention comprises a second current source through which the reference capacitor (C _REF ) for the withdrawal of a constant charge (Q) from the signal input of the analog filter can be continuously loaded to a second reference voltage ,

at a particularly preferred embodiment the continuous-time invention Sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter the quantizer has several quantization levels.

The Return of the Quantization signal is preferably carried out over several parallel-connected capacitor branches.

The reference capacitor (C _REF ) is preferably switchable via a first controllable switch to the signal input of the analog filter.

The reference capacitor (C _REF ) is preferably switchable via a second controllable switch to the current source for continuous charging to a reference voltage.

at a preferred embodiment a time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter a switch control logic is provided which controls the controllable switch dependent on from the digital output signal (D).

The Power sources are preferably formed by transistors on whose control electrodes in each case a bias current is applied.

at a particularly preferred embodiment the continuous-time invention Sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter the sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter is fully differential.

The controllable switches are in a preferred embodiment preferably formed by transistors.

in the others are preferred embodiments the continuous-time invention Sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter with reference to the attached Figures for explanation features essential to the invention described.

It demonstrate

1 a first sigma-delta modulator according to the prior art;

2 another sigma-delta modulator according to the prior art;

3 NRZ approximation signals for the feedback branch of a sigma-delta analog modulator;

4 RZ approximation signals for the feedback branch of a sigma-delta modulator;

5 a sigma-delta modulator of the prior art with a switched capacitor in the feedback branch;

6 another sigma-delta modulator of the prior art with a switched capacitor in the feedback branch;

7 a first embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention;

8th Signal diagrams explaining the operation of the in 7 illustrated sigma-delta modulator according to the invention;

9 a preferred embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention;

10 Signal diagrams explaining the operation of in 9 illustrated preferred embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention.

7 shows a first embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention 1 , The sigma-delta modulator 1 has a signal input 2 for applying an analog input signal E on. The analog signal E becomes an analog filter 3 supplied at the in 7 embodiment shown consists of an integrator circuit. The integrator 3 contains a resistor 4 who has a lead 5 with an inverting signal input 6 an operational amplifier 7 connected is. A non-inverting signal input 8th of the operational amplifier 7 is connected to ground GND. The operational amplifier 7 has a signal output 9 up, over a wire 10 with an entrance 11 of a quantizer 12 connected is. At a node 13 becomes the output signal of the operational amplifier 7 over a capacitor 14 to a node 15 fed back to the inverting signal input 6 of the operational amplifier 7 connected.

The quantizer 12 has a clock signal input 16 to apply a clock signal CLK. The quantizer 12 quantizes that through the analog filter 3 output filtered analog signal for generating a digital output signal (D), which from a digital output 17 of the quantizer 12 via an internal line 18 to a digital output 19 of the sigma-delta modulator 1 is delivered. At a node 20 the digital output signal (D) is diverted and via a feedback line 21 a switch control logic 22 fed. At the quantizer 12 one embodiment is a comm parator, which provides a digital output signal (D) with a bit resolution. In alternative embodiments, the quantizer 12 several quantization levels and provides a multi-bit digital output signal (D). The feedback of the digital output signal (D) then takes place via parallel-connected capacitor branches.

The switch control logic 22 has a clock signal input 23 for applying the clock signal CLK. The switch control logic 22 controls via a first control line 24 a first controllable switch 25 and via a second control line 26 a second controllable switch 27 at. The two switches 25 . 27 are with a reference capacitor 28 connected. The reference capacitor 28 is over the first controllable switch 25 over a line 29 to a node 30 switchable, the node 30 to the inverting signal input 6 of the operational amplifier 7 connected.

The first controllable switch 25 switches depending on the line 24 received control signal (C _RTL-S25 ) the reference capacitor 28 in a first switch position (a ₁ ) to ground and in a second switch position (b ₁ ) to the node 30 , Is the first controllable switch 25 in the first switch position (a ₁ ), the reference capacitor becomes 28 summoned in a preparatory phase VP.

The second controllable switch 27 switches depending on the over the control line 26 received second control signal (C _RTL-S27 ) the reference capacitor 28 in a first switch position (a ₂ ) to a first real power source 31 and in a second switch position (b ₂ ) to a second real power source 32 ,

In another embodiment (not shown), the sigma-delta modulator is included 1 only a first power source 31 and the second switch 27 switches in the second switch position (b ₂ ) the reference capacitor 28 to ground (GND).

In another embodiment (not shown) is parallel to the at least one power source 31 . 32 used to pre-charge the reference capacitor 28 is provided in a preparation phase VP, an additional controllable switch interconnected. By closing this switch, it is possible in the preparation phase VP the capacitor 28 abruptly on the at the corresponding power source 31 . 32 pre-charged reference voltage (+ V _REF , -V _REF ). As a result, the precharging time required for the preparation phase VP can be considerably reduced and the integration phase IP can be expanded accordingly.

The reference capacitor 28 is through the first power source 31 for shifting a constant charge (Q) to the node 30 of the analog filter 3 continuously rechargeable to a reference voltage (+ V _ref ). In this case, the displacement of the constant charge (Q) to or from the node takes place 30 of the analog filter 3 controlled by the switch control logic 22 depending on the digital output signal (D) of the quantizer 12 ,

In a first logic state of the digital output signal (D = 1), the constant charge (Q) or the charge packet becomes the signal input of the analog filter 3 postponed. In a second logic state of the digital output signal (D = 0), the constant charge (Q) from the signal input of the analog filter 3 deducted. At the in 7 illustrated embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator 1 is the second power source 32 provided by the reference capacitor 28 for removing the constant charge (Q) from the signal input of the analog filter 3 continuously loadable to a second reference voltage (-V _Ref ).

8th clarifies the functioning of the in 7 shown sigma-delta modulator 1 according to the invention for an output bit sequence D = "0 1 1 0".

8a shows the control signal CRTL-S1 for the first controllable switch 25 which is controlled by the switch control logic clocked by a clock signal CLK 22 is generated in response to the digital output signal (D).

8b shows the second control signal CRTL-S2 for the second controllable switch 27 which is also controlled by the switch control logic 22 is generated in response to a digital output signal (D). A minimal time offset ensures that the second switch 27 not before the first switch 25 switches.

The sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to the invention 1 as he is in 7 shown works in two phases. In a preparation phase VP, the reference capacitor becomes 28 summoned and in an In Integration phase IP then becomes the reference capacitor 28 reloaded, wherein a charge packet with a constant charge Q in response to the logic state of the digital output signal D toward the summation node 30 moved or from the summation node 30 is deducted.

The first controllable switch 25 is switched in response to the clock signal CLK between its two switch positions a ₁ , b ₁ back and forth. This is the first controllable switch 25 in the preparation phase VP in the switch position a ₁ and in the integration phase IP in the switch position b ₁ . In the preparation phase VP thus connects the controllable first switch 25 the reference capacitor 28 on one side with the reference potential GND.

The second controllable switch 27 is switched as a function of the logic state of the digital output signal D between the switch positions a ₂ , b ₂ .

In this case, in a first logic state of the digital output signal D, the switch 27 switched in the preparation phase VP in the switch position a ₂ and switched from there in the integration phase IP in the switch position b ₂ . If the digital output signal D has a second logic state, the switch becomes 27 conversely switched in the preparation phase VP in the switch position b ₂ and spent from there in the integration phase IP in the switch position a ₂ . The first logic state of the output bit thus leads to a negative signal edge and the second logic state to a positive signal edge on the reference capacitor 28 , As a result, in the first logic state, a constant charge Q from the summation node 30 over the closed switch 25 deducted and in a second logic state of the digital output signal, a constant charge to the summation node 30 over the closed switch 25 postponed.

The following table shows the switch settings of the switches 25 . 27 in the preparation phase VP and integration phase IP of the sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter 1 according to 7 , Switch S25 Switch S27 (D = 0) Switch S27 (D = 1) preparatory phase a ₁ a ₂ b ₂ integration phase b ₁ b ₂ a ₂

At the inverting signal input 6 occur due to the continuous charging of the reference capacitor 28 passing through the real power sources 31 . 32 caused, no voltage jumps .DELTA.U on. The voltage curve at the reference capacitor 28 is how in 8d shown, continuous. There is thus no voltage jumps at the virtual signal input 6 of the operational amplifier 7 , In the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention 1 It is therefore possible, relatively slowly operating operational amplifier 7 use, which have a correspondingly low power consumption.

Due to the reloadable reference capacitor 28 in the feedback branch is also the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention 1 insensitive to variations in the clock signal Clk since that to the summation point 30 shifted, or from the summation point 30 withdrawn charge (Q) remains largely constant due to the exponentially decaying discharge curve even when occurring clock signal fluctuations or clock jitter.

The sigma-delta modulator according to the invention 1 as he is in 7 is thus low in power consumption and at the same time insensitive to clock signal jitter.

8e shows the alternating occurring phases of integration (IP) and preparation phases (VP) in the analog-to-digital converter according to the invention.

9 shows a preferred embodiment of the time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to the invention 1 , At the in 9 The illustrated embodiment is the sigma-delta modulator 1 fully differentially constructed.

10 shows signal diagrams explaining the operation of the in 9 shown, fully differentially constructed sigma-delta modulator 1 for an exemplary digital bitstream sequence (D = "0 1 1 0") at the output of the quantizer 12 , The first controllable switch 25a . 25b In each case, switches S1A - 1, S1A - 2 or S1B - 1, S1B - 2, which are complementary in function of the applied control signal be switched. When S1A-1 is closed, switch S1A-2 is open and vice versa. When switch S1B-1 is open, switch S1B-2 is closed and vice versa.

How to get out 10e . 10f can recognize, transfer the reference capacitors 28A . 28B Charge packages always in the opposite direction to an input of the operational amplifier 7 , The reference capacitors 28A . 28B alternately push charge packets with a constant charge Q from the respective power source 31A . 31B via the associated switch 27A . 27B towards the summation node 30A . 30B ,

At the in 9 shown preferred embodiment, there are two combinations of switch positions.

In the first switch position combination are the switches S1A - 1 and the switch S1B - 2 closed while the switches S1A - 2 and S1B - 1 open are.

at the second switch position combination are the switch S1B - 1 and the switch S1A - 2 closed while the switches S1B - 2 and S1A - 1 open are.

Because the reference capacitors 28A . 28B alternately charges Q toward the operational amplifier 7 shift, the previous switch position combination is maintained when the output data bit sequence at the output of the quantizer 12 a logical state change, D = "0 1" or D = "1 0". How to get in 10 can recognize the switch positions remain constant at the data transitions D = "0 1" and D = "1 0".

Does it come at the data output of the quantizer 12 to no state change, the existing switch combination is changed, ie the switches S1A - 1, S1A - 2, S1B - 1, S1B - 2 switch from their previous switching state in the respective complementary switching state. For example, this happens as in 10 recognizable if the digital output signal D has a sequence of two consecutive output bits with a logically identical value 1 (D = "..11 ..").

The advantage of in 9 illustrated fully differentially constructed embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention 1 opposite to the 7 illustrated single-ended embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator 1 is that the fully differentially constructed sigma-delta modulator 1 according to 9 does not require a preparation phase, but performs an integration in each clock phase of the clock signal. While at the in 7 illustrated embodiment in a preparation phase no charge shift to the summation node 30 takes place and thus no integration can be carried out in this time, takes place in the fully differential embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention 1 at any time a charge shift to the summation node 30A . 30B ie each clock phase of the clock signal CLK is followed by an integration. One can therefore at the in 9 shown fully differential embodiment of the sigma-delta modulator 1 with even slower differential operational amplifier 7 work and thus further reduce the power consumption.

In a fully differential sigma-delta modulator 1 according to 9 the left circuit part and the right circuit part work in different directions. At the beginning of each clock cycle, the reference capacitors become 28A . 28B loaded in different directions.

Both in the 7 . 9 illustrated embodiments of the inventive time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter 1 are power sources 31 . 32 in series with the reference capacitor 28 connected. These power sources 31 . 32 are preferably formed by transistors. The transistors may be. to act bipolar or field effect transistors. The control electrodes of the transistors receive a bias current I _BIAS . The current sources formed by transistors 31 . 32 limit the current automatically when the reference capacitor 28 is fully charged to the supply reference voltage V _REF . In the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention 1 a current pulse is generated whose integrated transfer charge Q is independent of clock signal fluctuations. The total displaced or transferred charge Q per clock cycle T results from the product of the capacitance C _{REF of} the reference capacitor 28 and the voltage applied thereto ΔU.

1

Sigma-delta modulator

2

analog signal input

4

resistance

5

management

6

inverting signal input

8th

Not inverting signal input

9

Operational amplifier, signal output

10

management

11

quantizer

13

node

14

integrating

15

Clock signal input

17

quantizer

18

management

19

digital signal output

20

node

21

management

22

Switch control logic

23

Clock signal input

24

control line

25

switch

26

control line

27

switch

28

reference capacitor

29

management

30

Summing node

31

power source

32

power source

Claims (11)

Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter for converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal (D) comprising: (a) at least one analogue integrator ( 3 ), which is an operational amplifier ( 7 ) which integrates a difference signal between the analog input signal and an analog feedback signal; (b) a quantizer clocked by a clock signal (CLK) ( 12 ) by the integrator ( 3 ) quantized integrated analog signal for generating the digital output signal (D); and (c) with a reference capacitor ( 28 ), characterized by, (d) one to the reference capacitor ( 28 ) in series switchable power source ( 31 ), whereby by the current source ( 31 ) in response to a logic state of the digital output signal (D) for continuously charging the reference capacitor ( 28 ) is shifted to a reference voltage a constant charge (Q), wherein by the continuous charging process to the reference capacitor ( 28 ) Voltage jumps (ΔU) at a signal input ( 6 ) of the analog integrator ( 3 ) provided operational amplifier ( 7 ) be avoided. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 1, characterized in that in a first logic state of the digital output signal (D = 1) the constant charge (Q) to the analog integrator ( 3 ) and that in a second logic state of the digital output signal (D = 0), the constant charge (Q) from the analog integrator ( 3 ) is deducted. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a second current source ( 32 ) is provided, through which the reference capacitor ( 28 ) for removing a constant charge (Q) from the analog filter ( 3 ) is continuously loadable to a second reference voltage. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the quantizer ( 12 ) has multiple quantization levels. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the reference capacitor ( 28 ) via a first controllable switch ( 25 ) to the analog integrator ( 3 ) is switchable. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the reference capacitor ( 28 ) via a second controllable switch ( 27 ) to the power source ( 31 ) is switchable to the reference voltage for continuous charging. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in that a switch control logic ( 22 ), which controls the controllable switches ( 25 . 27 ) in response to the digital output signal (D). Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the current sources ( 31 . 32 ) are formed by transistors, at the control electrodes in each case a bias current is applied. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter ( 1 ) is fully differentially constructed. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the controllable switches ( 25 . 27 ) Are transistors. Time-continuous sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter according to claim 3, characterized in that parallel to the current sources ( 31 . 32 ) is provided in each case a switch through which the reference capacitor ( 28 ) in a preparation phase (VP) to a reference voltage is switchable.