DE10162375A1 - Bicyclic N-aryl amides - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to new bicyclic N-arylamides, processes for their preparation and their use for the manufacture of medicaments for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases and for improving perception, concentration, learning and / or memory.

Description

The invention relates to new bicyclic N-arylamides, processes for their preparation and their use in the manufacture of medicaments for treatment and / or Prophylaxis of diseases and to improve perception, Concentration performance, learning performance and / or memory performance.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) form a large family of Ion channels that are activated by the body's own messenger substance acetylcholine (Galzi and Changeux, Neuropharmacol. 1995, 34, 563-582). A functional one nAChR consists of five subunits that are different (certain Combinations of α1-9 and β1-4, γ, δ, ε subunits) or identical (α7-9) can. This leads to the formation of a variety of subtypes that are different Show distribution in muscles, nervous system and other organs (McGehee and Role, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 1995, 57, 521-546). Activation of nAChR leads to the influx of cations into the cell and the stimulation of Nerve or muscle cells. Selective activation of individual nAChR subtypes this stimulation is limited to the cell types that have the corresponding subtype own and can have undesirable side effects such. B. the stimulation of Avoid nAChR in the muscles. Clinical experiments with nicotine and Experiments in different animal models indicate a role of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in learning and memory processes (e.g. Rezvani and Levin, Biol. Psychiatry 2001, 49, 258-267). nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors of the alpha7 subtype (α7-nAChR) have a particularly high one Concentration in brain regions that are important for learning and memory, such as the Hippocampus and the cerebral cortex (Séguéla et al., J. Neurosci. 1993, 13, 596-604). The α7-nAChR has a particularly high permeability for calcium Ions, increased glutamatergic neurotransmission, affects the growth of Neurites and in this way modulates neuronal plasticity (Broide and Leslie, Mol. Neurobiol. 1999, 20, 1-16).

Certain quinuclidinecarboxanilides are considered antiarrhythmic and Local anesthetics are described (see, for example, FR 1.566.045, GB 1 578 421 and Oppenheimer et al. Life Sci. 1991, 48, 977-985).

WO 01/60821 discloses biarylcarboxamides with affinity for the α7-nAChR for the treatment of learning and perception disorders.

The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I)


in which
R ^{1 represents} a 1-aza-bicyclo [mnp] alkyl radical with 7 to 11 ring atoms, in which m and n independently of one another represent 2 or 3,
where p is 1, 2 or 3,
and wherein the bicycloalkyl radical is optionally substituted by (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl,
R ^{2 represents} 8- to 10-membered heteroaryl, naphthyl or azulenyl, the rings optionally being selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, formyl, carbamoyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, (C ₁ -C ₆ ) - Alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkylthio are substituted, and
R ^{3 represents} hydrogen or (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl.

The compounds of the invention can be in stereoisomeric forms, which are either like image and mirror image (enantiomers), or which are not like image and Mirror image (diastereomers) behave, exist. The invention relates to both Enantiomers or diastereomers or their respective mixtures. This Mixtures of the enantiomers and diastereomers can be known in the separate stereoisomerically uniform constituents.

The compounds according to the invention can also be in the form of their salts, solvates or Solvates of the salts are present.

In the context of the invention, salts which are physiologically acceptable are the salts Compounds of the invention preferred.

Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds according to the invention can Acid addition salts of the compounds with mineral acids, carboxylic acids or Be sulfonic acids. Z are particularly preferred. B. salts with hydrochloric acid, Hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ehanesulfonic acid, Toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, acetic acid, Propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid or Benzoic acid.

However, salts with conventional bases can also be mentioned as salts, such as for example alkali metal salts (e.g. sodium or potassium salts), alkaline earth salts (e.g. Calcium or magnesium salts) or ammonium salts derived from ammonia or organic amines such as diethylamine, triethylamine, Ethyldiisopropylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, dihydroabiethylamine, 1-ephenamine or methylpiperidine.

Such forms of the compounds are considered as solvates in the context of the invention referred to, which in the solid or liquid state by coordination with Solvent molecules form a complex. Hydrates are a special form of Solvates, where coordination takes place with water.

In the context of the present invention, the substituents generally have the the following meaning:

(C ₁ -C ₆ -) and (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy represents a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 4, particularly preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms is preferred. Examples and preferably mentioned are: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.

(C ₁ -C ₆ ) and (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl represent a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4, particularly preferably having 1 to 3, carbon atoms is preferred. For example and preferably, the following may be mentioned: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.

(C ₁ -C ₆ ) Alkylthio represents a straight-chain or branched alkylthio radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. A straight-chain or branched alkylthio radical having 1 to 4, particularly preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms is preferred. Examples and preferably mentioned are: methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, tert-butylthio, n-pentylthio and n-hexylthio.

The 1-aza-bicyclo [m.n.p] alkyl radical having 7 to 11 ring atoms is preferably and for example: 1-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] octyl (isotropan), 1-aza-bicyclo [3.3.1] nonyl (Isogranatan), 1-aza-bicyclo [2.2.2] octyl (quinuclidine).

Halogen stands for fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Fluorine, chlorine and Bromine. Fluorine and chlorine are particularly preferred.

8- to 10-membered heteroaryl represents an aromatic, bicyclic radical with 8 up to 10, preferably 9 to 10 ring atoms and up to 5, preferably up to 4 Heteroatoms from the series S, O and / or N. The heteroaryl radical can be via a Carbon or hetero atom bound. For example, and preferably called: indolyl, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl.

If residues in the compounds according to the invention are optionally substituted unless otherwise specified, the radicals can be the same one or more times or be substituted differently. A substitution with up to three of the same or various substituents are preferred.

Compounds of the general formula (I) are preferred
in which
R ^{1 represents} 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octyl,
and R ² and R ^{3 have} the meaning given above.

Compounds of the general formula (I) are particularly preferred
in which
R ^{1 represents} 1-aza-bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-3-yl,
and R ² and R ^{3 have} the meaning given above.

Also preferred are compounds of the general formula (I)
in which
R ^{2 represents} 9 to 10-membered heteroaryl or naphthyl, the rings optionally being selected from 1 to 3 radicals from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) -alkyl, ( C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkylthio are substituted,
and R ¹ and R ^{3 have} the meaning given above.

Compounds of the general formula (I) are particularly preferred
in which
R ^{2 represents} indolyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolyl, benzopyrazinyl, benzopyrimidinyl, benzopyridizanyl or naphthyl, the rings optionally being selected from 1 to 3 radicals from the group hydrogen, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, , (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkylthio,
and R ¹ and R ^{3 have} the meaning given above.

Compounds of the general formula (I) are very particularly preferred,
in which
R ^{2 represents} benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, benzopyrazinyl or naphthyl, the rings optionally being selected from 1 to 3 radicals from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) -alkyl, ( C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkylthio are substituted,
and R ¹ and R ^{3 have} the meaning given above.

Also preferred are compounds of the general formula (I)
in which
R ^{3 represents} hydrogen or methyl,
and R ¹ and R ^{2 have} the meaning given above.

Compounds of the general formula (I) are particularly preferred
in which
R ^{3 represents} hydrogen,
and R ¹ and R ^{2 have} the meaning given above.

Combinations of two or more of the above are very particularly preferred mentioned preferred areas.

Compounds of the general formula (I) are also very particularly preferred,
in which
R ^{1 represents} 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] oct-3-yl,
R ^{2 represents} benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, benzopyrazinyl or naphthyl, the rings optionally being selected from 1 to 3 radicals from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) -alkyl, ( C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkylthio are substituted, and
R ^{3 represents} hydrogen.

The invention further relates to processes for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I), characterized in that
Compounds of the general formula (II),

R ¹ -CO-X (II)

in which R ^{1 has} the meaning given above, and
X represents hydroxy or a suitable leaving group,
with a compound of the general formula (III),

HNR ¹ R ² (III)

in which
R ² and R ^{3 have} the meaning given above,
in an inert solvent, if appropriate in the presence of a condensing agent and if appropriate in the presence of a base.

If X is a leaving group, chloro, mesyloxy and Isobutyloxycarbonyloxy, especially chloro preferred.

Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as Methylene chloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or trichlorethylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, Dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene, toluene, hexane, cyclohexane or Petroleum fractions, or other solvents such as nitromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, Dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile or pyridine, preference is given to tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or chloroform.

Condensing agents are, for example, carbodiimides such as e.g. B. N, N'-diethyl-, N, N, '- Dipropyl, N, N'-diisopropyl, N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N- (3-dimethylaminoisopropyl) -N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-cyclohexylcarbodiimide-N'- propyloxymethyl polystyrene (PS carbodiimide) or carbonyl compounds such as Carbonyldiimidazole, or 1,2-oxazolium compounds such as 2-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2- oxazolium-3-sulfate or 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-isoxazolium perchlorate, or Acylamino compounds such as 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, or Propanephosphonic anhydride, or isobutyl chloroformate, or Bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) phosphoryl chloride or Benzotriazolyloxy-tri (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, or O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ', N'-tetra-methyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 2- (2-Oxo-1- (2H) pyridyl) -1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TPTU) or O- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) or Benzotriazol-1-yloxytris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP), or mixtures of this.

It may be advantageous to use these condensing agents in the presence an auxiliary nucleophile such. B. 1-Hydroxybenztriazole (HOBt) to use.

Bases are, for example, alkali carbonates, such as. B. sodium or potassium carbonate, or bicarbonate, or organic bases such as trialkylamines z. B. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or Diisopropylethylamine.

The combination of N- (3-dimethylaminoisopropyl) -N'- is particularly preferred. ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) in Dimethylformamide.

The combination of N, N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (IDC) and pentafluorophenol in DCM or DMF is particularly preferred. The use of resin-bonded tetrafluorophenol and N, N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (IDC) is also particularly preferred (synthesis scheme 1). The preparation of the tetrafluorophenol bound to resin and its use is preferably carried out according to Salvino et al. J. Comb. Chem. 2000, 6, 691-697. Synthesis scheme 1

The method according to the invention is preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to 50 ° C at normal pressure.

The compounds of the general formulas (II) and (III) are known or have not been used are synthesized from the corresponding starting materials by known processes (cf. z. B. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry ', Katritzki et al., Eds .; Elsevier, 1996).

For example, compounds of formula (II) can be prepared according to methods known from the literature.

3-Quinuclidine carboxylic acid hydrochloride: Orlek et al. J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 2726.

2-Quinuclidine carboxylic acid hydrochloride: Gassmann and Fox, J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 480.

Compounds of the formula (III) can be obtained from the corresponding carboxylic acids by reactions known to those skilled in the art. So can Aniline z. B. Curtius or Hoffmann degradation from carboxylic acids or their derivatives (see, for example, "Organikum", Wiley-VCH; 1999). The use of diphenylphosphoric acidate (DPPA) is particularly suitable for the generation of the isocyanate which occurs as an intermediate and which subsequently reacts with water to form the target compound. (T. Shioiri and S. Yamada, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1974, 22, 859; Shioiri et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc 1972, 94, 6203. Synthesis scheme 2

The compounds of general formula (I) according to the invention are suitable for Use as a medicine for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases in humans and / or animals.

The compounds according to the invention show an unforeseeable, valuable pharmacological spectrum of action.

They are characterized as ligands, especially agonists at the α7-nAChR.

The compounds of the invention can be based on their pharmacological Properties alone or in combination with other medicinal products for treatment and / or prevention of cognitive disorders, especially Alzheimer's Disease. Because of their selective action as α7-nAChR The compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable for agonists Improve perception, concentration, learning performance, or Memory performance especially after cognitive disorders, such as in Situations / diseases / syndromes occur like "mild cognitive impairment", Age-associated learning and memory disorders, age-associated Memory loss, vascular dementia, traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia after Stroke occurs ("post stroke dementia"), post-traumatic skull brain Trauma, general concentration disorders, concentration disorders in children with learning and memory problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Dementia with degeneration of the frontal lobes including Pick's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, progressive nuclear palsy, dementia with corticobasal Degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, Multiple sclerosis, thalamic degeneration, Creutzfeld-Jacob dementia, HIV Dementia, schizophrenia, schizophrenia with dementia or Korsakoff psychosis.

The compounds of the invention can be used alone or in combination with others Medicines are used for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute and / or chronic pain (for a classification see "Classification of Chronic Pain, Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms ", 2nd ed., Meskey and Begduk, eds .; IASP-Press, Seattle, 1994), especially for treatment of cancer-induced pain and chronic neuropathic pain, such as for example, in diabetic neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, peripheral Nerve damage, central pain (e.g. as a result of cerebral Ischemia) and trigeminal neuralgia, and other chronic pain such as Example lumbago, low back pain or rheumatic pain. In addition, these substances are also suitable for the therapy of primarily acute Pain of any genesis and secondary resulting from it Painful conditions, as well as for the therapy of chronic, formerly acute painful conditions.

The in vitro activity of the compounds according to the invention can be seen in the following Assays are shown:

1. Determination of the Affinity of Test Substances for α7-nAChR by Inhibition of [ ³ H] Methyllycaconitine Binding on Rat Brain Membranes

The [ ³ H] -methyllycaconitine binding test is a modification of that described by Davies et al. (Neuropharmacol. 1999, 38, 679-690).

Rat brain tissue (hippocampus or whole brain) is in homogenization buffer (10% w / v) (0.32 M sucrose, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 0.01% (w / v) NaN ₃ , pH 7.4, 4 ° C) at 600 rpm in a glass homogenizer. The homogenate is centrifuged (1000 × g, 4 ° C., 10 min) and the supernatant is removed. The pellet is resuspended (20% w / v) and centrifuged (1000 × g, 4 ° C, 10 min). The two supernatants are combined and centrifuged (15,000 × g, 4 ° C., 30 min). This pellet is called the P2 fraction.

The P2 pellet is washed twice with binding buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM MgCl ₂ , 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl ₂ , pH 7.4) and centrifuged (15,000 × g, 4 ° C., 30 min ).

The P2 membranes are resuspended in binding buffer and incubated in a volume of 250 μl (membrane protein amount 0.1-0.5 mg) for 2.5 h at 21 ° C. in the presence of 1-5 nM [ ³ H] -methyllycaconitine, 0.1% (w / v) BSA (bovine serum albumin) and various concentrations of the test substance. The non-specific binding is determined by incubation in the presence of 1 μM α-bungarotoxin or 100 μM nicotine or 10 μM MLA (methyllycaconitine).

The incubation is ended by adding 4 ml of PBS (20 mM Na ₂ HPO ₄ , 5 mM KH ₂ PO ₄ , 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4, 4 ° C.) and filtration through type A / E glass fiber filters (Gelman Sciences), which had been soaked in 0.3% (v / v) polyethyleneimine (PEI) for 3 h. The filters are washed twice with 4 ml of PBS (4 ° C.) and the bound radioactivity is determined by scintillation measurement. All tests are carried out in triplicate. The dissociation constant of the test substance K _{i was} determined from the IC ₅₀ value of the compounds (concentration of the test substance at which 50% of the ligand bound to the receptor is displaced), the dissociation constant K _D and the concentration L of [ ³ H] methyllycaconitine (K _i = IC ₅₀ / (1 + L / K _D )).

Instead of [ ³ H] -methyllycaconitine, other α7-nAChR-selective radioligands such as e.g. B. [ ¹²⁵ I] -α-bungarotoxin or unselective nAChR radioligands can be used together with inhibitors of other nAChR.

The suitability of the compounds according to the invention for the treatment of cognitive Disorders can be shown in the following animal models:

2. Object recognition test

The object recognition test is a memory test. It measures the ability of Rats (and mice), between known and unknown objects too differ.

The test is carried out as described (Blokland et al. NeuroReport 1998, 9, 4205-4208; Ennaceur, A., Delacour, J.,. Behav. Brain Res. 1988, 31, 47-59; Ennaceur, A., Meliani, K.,. Psychopharmacology 1992, 109, 321-330; Prickaerts, et al. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1997, 337, 125-136).

In a first run, a rat becomes an otherwise empty larger one Observation arena faced with two identical objects. The rat becomes both Examine objects extensively, d. H. sniff and touch. In a second Pass, after a waiting period of 24 hours, the rat is re-entered into the Observation arena set. Now one of the familiar objects is replaced by a new one unknown object replaced. If a rat recognizes the familiar object, she will mainly examine the unknown object. After 24 hours one has However, the rat usually forgot what object it was in the first Has examined continuity, and will therefore inspect both objects equally. The gift a substance with a learning and memory-improving effect will lead to the fact that a rat sees the object as seen 24 hours before, in the first round recognized. It makes the new, unknown object more detailed investigate as the already known. This memory performance is in one Discrimination index expressed. A zero discrimination index means that the rat both objects, the old and the new, examined at the same time; d. H. she has the old one Object not recognized and reacts to both objects as if they were unknown and new. A discrimination index greater than zero means that the rat is the new one Object inspected longer than the old one; d. H. the rat has the old object recognized.

3. Social recognition test

The social recognition test is a test to test the learning or memory-enhancing effects of test substances.

Adult rats that are kept in groups are given 30 minutes before Start of the test individually in test cages. The test animal is four minutes before the start of the test placed in an observation box. After this adaptation period, a juvenile becomes Animal to the test animal and measured the total time for 2 minutes adult animal examines the cub (Trial 1). All are clearly measured on that Juvenile-directed behaviors, d. H. ano-genital inspection, tracking as well Grooming in which the old animal is at most 1 cm from the young animal Has. The juvenile is then removed and the adult in its test cage leave (with 24 hours retention the animal is in its home cage reset). Before or after the first test, the test animal is filled with substance treated. Depending on the time of the substance administration, learning or saving the information about the young animal influenced by the substance. After one The test is repeated for a specified period of time (retention) (Trial 2). The bigger the The difference between the investigation times determined in Trials 1 and 2, the better the adult animal remembered the young animal

The compounds of general formula (I) according to the invention are suitable for Use as a medicine for humans and animals.

The present invention also includes pharmaceutical preparations which, in addition to inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable auxiliaries and carriers or contain more compounds of the general formula (I), or those from one or more compounds of formula (I) exist, and methods for Manufacture of these preparations.

The compounds of formula (I) in these preparations are said to be in a Concentration of 0.1 to 99.5 wt .-%, preferably from 0.5 to 95 wt .-% of the Total mixture must be present.

In addition to the compounds of formula (I), the pharmaceutical Preparations also contain other active pharmaceutical ingredients.

The pharmaceutical preparations listed above can be used in a conventional manner are produced by known methods, for example with the auxiliary or carriers.

The new active ingredients can be introduced into the usual formulations in a known manner are transferred, such as tablets, coated tablets, pills, granules, aerosols, syrups, Emulsions, suspensions and solutions, using inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or solvents. Here, the therapeutically active compound in a concentration of about 0.5 to 90% by weight of the total mixture is present, d. H. in amounts that are sufficient are in order to achieve the specified dosage range.

The formulations are prepared, for example, by stretching the Active ingredients with solvents and / or carriers, optionally using of emulsifiers and / or dispersants, z. B. in the case of use of water as a diluent, optionally organic solvents Auxiliary solvents can be used.

The application takes place in the usual way, preferably orally, transdermally or parenterally, especially perlingually or intravenously. But you can also by Inhalation via mouth or nose, for example using a spray, or topically over the skin.

In general, it has been found advantageous to use amounts from about 0.001 to 10 mg / kg, preferably approximately 0.005 to 3 mg / kg body weight when administered orally to deliver effective results.

Nevertheless, it may be necessary to deviate from the amounts mentioned, depending on the body weight or the type of application route, on the individual behavior towards the drug, the type of its formulation and the time or interval at which the administration takes place , In some cases it may be sufficient to make do with less than the aforementioned minimum quantity, while in other cases the above upper limit must be exceeded. In the case of application of larger quantities, it may be advisable to distribute them in several individual doses over the day. Abbreviations DMF N, N-dimethylformamide
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
HOBt 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole × H ₂ O
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
RT room temperature
TBTU O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
THF tetrahydrofuran LC-MS method

starting compounds Example 1A 3-Quinuclidine carboxylic acid chloride hydrochloride

3-Quinuclidine carboxylic acid hydrochloride was according to Orlek et al. J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 2726.

500 mg (2.61 mmol) of 3-quinuclidinecarboxylic acid together with 1.9 ml (26.09 mmol) of thionyl chloride are heated under reflux for 2 h. The reaction mixture is freed from excess thionyl chloride under reduced pressure. It is mixed twice with 20 ml of toluene and concentrated to dryness in each case. The product obtained in this way is reacted directly without further purification. Example 2A 7-bromo-1-benzothiophene-2-amine

156 mg (0.61 mmol) of 7-bromo-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid are initially introduced together with 156.8 mg (1.21 mmol) of N, N-diisopropylethylamine in 4.0 ml of DMF. At 0 ° C, 183.7 mg (0.67 mmol) of diphenyl phosphorazidate are added. The reaction mixture is left overnight at 8 ° C. and then stirred into ice water. It is neutralized with acetic acid and the precipitate formed is suction filtered and carefully dried at 40 ° C. The solid is then suspended in xylene and heated under reflux for 1 h. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is poured into water and heated for 3 hours. The aqueous phase is extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, then the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. 128 mg of the title compound are isolated in a purity which is suitable for further reactions. The amine is reacted further without further purification.
LC-MS: R _t = 5.25 min., MS (ESIpos): m / z = 229 (M + H) ⁺ . EXAMPLES Example 1 N- (2-naphthyl) quinuclidine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

740 mg (5.14 mmol) of 2-naphthylamine are added at 0 ° C. to a solution of 540 mg (2.57 mmol) of 3-quinuclidinecarboxylic acid chloride hydrochloride and pyridine (620 mg, 4.8 mmol) in 3 ml of dimethylformamide. The mixture is stirred at RT overnight. For working up, the mixture is concentrated and taken up in dichloromethane. The crude product is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile phase: dichloromethane / methanol 10: 1, 5: 1). The product obtained crystallizes from dichloromethane, is filtered off and dried.
Yield: 26% of theory of the hydrochloride
¹ H-NMR (200.1 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ): δ = 10.60 (br. S, 1H), 10.10 (br. S, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7 , 95-7.75 (m, 3H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.60-7.45 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, 1H), 3.45-, 10 ( m, 7H), 2.05-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.70 (m, 2H)
MS (ESIpos): m / z = 281 (M + H) ⁺ (free base)
LC-MS: R _t = 2.65 min., MS (ESIpos): m / z = 281 (M + H) ⁺ (free base). Example 2 N- (6-quinolinyl) quinuclidine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

172 mg (1.19 mmol) of 6-aminoquinoline are placed under argon in 3 ml of DMF together with 461 mg (3.57 mmol) of N, N-diisopropylethylamine at 0 ° C. 250 mg (2.57 mmol) of 3-quinuclidinecarboxylic acid chloride hydrochloride are dissolved in a little dry DMF and added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0.degree. The mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. For working up, the mixture is concentrated and taken up in dichloromethane. The crude product is chromatographed on silica gel 60 (mobile phase: dichloromethane / ethyl acetate 10: 1, then dichloromethane / methanol 10: 1, 3: 1). The product fractions are combined and finely cleaned by means of preparative HPLC (RP18 column; mobile phase: acetonitrile / water, gradient 1: 99 → 30: 70).
Yield: 28 mg (7% of theory) of the hydrochloride
¹ H-NMR (200.1 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ): δ = 11.00 (br. S, 1H), 10.19 (br. S, 1H), 9.06-9.04 (m, 1H), 8.88-8.85 (m, 1H), 8.70-8.68 (m, 1H), 8.27-8.23 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.06 ( m, 1H), 7.89-7.83 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.10 (m, 7H), 2.00-1, 80 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 2H)
MS (ESIpos): m / z = 282 (M + H) ⁺ (free base)
LC-MS: R _t = 0.30 min., MS (ESIpos): m / z = 282 (M + H) ⁺ (free base). Example 3 N- (3a, 7a-Dihydro-1H-indazol-6-yl) quinuclidine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Analogously to the procedure described in Example 2, 250 mg (2.57 mmol) of 3-quinuclidinecarboxylic acid chloride, 461 mg (3.57 mmol) of N, N-diisopropylethylamine, catalytic amounts of DMAP (approx. 1 mg) and 158 mg (1.19 mmol) 4-aminoindazole implemented.
Yield: 55 mg (15% of theory) of the hydrochloride
¹ H-NMR (200.1 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ): δ = 10.55 (br. S, 1H), 10.05 (br. S, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7 , 97 (d, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.14 (dd, 1H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.15 (m, 7H) ), 2.00-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 2H)
MS (ESIpos): m / z = 271 (M + H) ⁺ (free base). Example 4 N- (6-quinoxalinyl) quinuclidine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Analogously to the procedure described in Example 2, 250 mg (2.57 mmol) of 3-quinuclidinecarboxylic acid chloride, 461 mg (3.57 mmol) of N, N-diisopropylethylamine, catalytic amounts of DMAP (approx. 1 mg) and 173 mg (1.19 mmol) 6-Quinoxalinylamine implemented.
Yield: 58 mg (15% of theory) of the hydrochloride
¹ H-NMR (200.1 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ): δ = 10.90 (s, 1H), 9.99 (br. S, 1H), 8.90-8.88 (m, 2H) , 8.84-8.83 (m, 2H), 8.10-7.94 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.05 (m, 7H), 2.00-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 2H)
MS (ESIpos): m / z = 283 (M + H) ⁺ (free base).

Claims (9)

1. Compounds of the general formula (I),


in which
R ^{1 represents} a 1-aza-bicyclo [mnp] alkyl radical with 7 to 11 ring atoms,
where m and n are independently 2 or 3,
where p is 1, 2 or 3,
and wherein the bicycloalkyl radical is optionally substituted by (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl,
R ^{2 represents} 8- to 10-membered heteroaryl, naphthyl or azulenyl, the rings optionally being selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, formyl, carbamoyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, (C ₁ -C ₆ ) - Alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkylthio are substituted, and
R ^{3 represents} hydrogen or (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl, and their salts, solvates and solvates of the salts. 2. Compounds according to claim 1, wherein
R ^{1 represents} 1-aza-bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-3-yl,
and R ² and R ^{3 have} the meaning given in claim 1. 3. Compounds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
R ^{1 represents} 1-aza-bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-3-yl,
R ^{2 represents} benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, benzopyrazinyl or naphthyl, the rings optionally being selected from 1 to 3 radicals from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) -alkyl, ( C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkylthio are substituted, and
R ^{3 represents} hydrogen. 4. A process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (I) according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds of the general formula (II),

R ¹ -CO-X (II)

in which
R ^{1 has} the meaning given above, and
X represents hydroxy or a suitable leaving group,
with a compound of the general formula (III)

HNR ² R ³ (III)

in which
R ² and R ^{3 have} the meaning given above, and
in an inert solvent, if appropriate in the presence of a condensing agent and if appropriate in the presence of a base. 5. Compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for treatment and / or Prophylaxis of diseases. 6. Medicaments containing at least one of the compounds according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 in admixture with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable, essentially non-toxic carriers or excipients. 7. Use of compounds according to one of claims 1 to 3 for Manufacture of a medicament to improve perception, Concentration performance, learning performance and / or memory performance. 8. Use of compounds according to one of claims 1 to 3 for Manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of Disorders of perception, concentration, learning performance and / or Memory. 9. Medicament according to claim 6 for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of Disorders of perception, concentration, learning performance and / or Memory.