DE10055830A1 - Temperature-independent, bullet-proof, laminated safety panel, e.g. for vehicles, comprises several supports and several energy-dissipating plastic layers with maximum dissipation at different temperatures - Google Patents

Abstract

Penetration-resistant, bullet-proof and/or sound-insulating laminated safety panel comprises 1-10 or more supports and 2-10 or more energy-dissipating plastic layers of the same or different composition which produce their maximum energy-dissipating effect at different temperatures, so that the laminate shows the above properties over a range of at least 40 deg C. Laminated safety material with penetration-resistant, bullet-proof and/or sound-insulating properties as described in DIN 52290 Part 3 (06/1984), DIN EN 1063 (07/1993), DIN 52290 Part 2 (11/1988), DIN 52290 Part 5 (12/1987), DIN EN ISO 717-1 and 717-2 (01/1997) and/or DIN 52210 (08/1984). This laminate comprises 1-10 or more supports (1) of the same or different composition and 2-10 or more functional energy-consuming and energy-dissipating plastic layers (2) of the same or different composition, with each layer (2) and/or support (1) producing its maximum energy consuming/dissipating effect at a different temperature (or temperature range) so that the laminate shows the above properties over a wide temperature range of at least 40 deg C.

Description

The present invention relates to a breakthrough and / or bullet-resistant and / or explosive-resistant de and / or soundproofing composite security panel with the note specified in the preamble of claim 1 to paint.

A bulletproof glass pane is known from the prior art knows, which comprises several glass panels, which by means of sandwiched between arranged polyvinyl butyral films are interconnected.

Such tempered glass panes are disadvantageous in many ways:
A particularly serious disadvantage in the case of armored glass panes constructed in this way is that their bullet-resistant and anti-breakthrough effect at low temperatures and high temperatures is essentially eliminated.

At low temperatures, the elimination of the breakthrough and bullet resistant effect a drop below the glass transition temperature of the Po lyvinylbutyral adhesive film, which is used for a scream their glass transition temperature become very brittle. At high temperatures, however, there is an expansion thermoplastic, linearly linked polyvinyl butyral adhesive films, this softening even becoming a slow shape change (creep) of the polyvinyl butyral Can lead to adhesive films.  

Both in the case of low temperatures and at higher ones A bulletproof glass bullet leads to temperatures therefore to an unwanted bullet.

Due to the high number of interconnected Layers of glass and plastic films is for manufacturing such tempered glass panes also a particularly out Embossed manufacturing effort required.

So there must first be many layers and foils places and after their manufacture in addition manoeuvrable procedures. Insbeson the temperature and pressure controlled composite process individual layers and foils together is time and expensive.

There are particularly numerous interface crossings there finally for extremely poor transmission properties ten, which even lead to interference pattern formation in Form of Newton rings.

Another disadvantage of these known bulletproof glass panes today in their poor color neutrality when looking through. When looking at colored objects through them Known bulletproof glass is always observed in color counterfeits, for example in the form of a green or brown sting.

The high proportion of glass, that is, the numerous pieces of glass ben this well-known bulletproof glass, lead over it to a very high basis weight.

The high basis weight also determines the Pane frame and the glazing a pronounced con structural effort, which may even be a mo Door-operated drive of the window or door leaf changed.  

The high basis weight also has a very small shape Possibilities for the architectural Ver possible applications.

Tempered glass panes are also from the prior art known, which between polycarbonate glass sheets exhibit.

For the adhesive connection of the glass panels and polycarbonate On the one hand, a hot melt film can plate together Polyurethane base during an autoclave process Come into play. On the other hand, for this sticking purpose a special, also based on a polyurethane resting cast resin can be used. This adhesive layer each have a small thickness in the range of only 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

The thermal linear expansion coefficients of glass and polycarbonate are very different.

A particular disadvantage with these known polycarbo nat / glass superstructures with thin layers of adhesive is therefore the occurrence of strong tensions in the network, if these Tempered glass panes frequently used in tempera door changes are exposed.

The strong tensions in the network regularly lead to it Significantly disruptive interference patterns that affect the transmis sion behavior extremely adversely affect.

Due to the high tensions in the network, it happens often there, especially with larger pane dimensions to delaminations.

With regard to the breakthrough and bullet as well these polycar are anti-explosive properties bonat / glass structures with thin layers of adhesive because of their lack of temperature independence is also disadvantageous like the one over polyvinyl butyral adhesive films holding glass / glass structures.  

The object of the present invention is therefore the ready provision of a composite security plate, which itself different temperatures bullet-resistant and / or anti-breakthrough and / or anti-explosive and / or is sound-absorbing, which only for their manufacture requires a low manufacturing effort, their areas weight is extremely low and consequently only given a low structural glazing effort if required without using a motor drive and offers a wide range of architectural uses and which in the case of their transparent design has excellent transmission properties, the Pro The formation of interference patterns essentially does not know and has an excellent color neutrality features.

According to the invention, this task is performed in a generic manner ß composite safety plate by the in the characteristic Part of claim 1 specified features solved. Particularly preferred embodiments are the subject of Dependent claims.

Embodiments of the invention are based on the Drawings described in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a composite security plate according to the Invention with a carrier, on one side of which two plastic layers are attached, each of these two plastic layers unfolding their maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross section through an inventive security plate with two exteriors gene carriers, between which two plastic layers are provided, each plastic layer unfolds its maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-section through an inventive security plate with two outer supports, between which three plastic layers are provided, each plastic layer unfolding its maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature, and these temperatures are each different;

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross section through an inventive security plate with two supports, where two plastic layers are provided between the two supports and a white plastic layer is attached to the outside of a support, each plastic layer unfolding its maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature ;

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross section through an inventive security plate with two carriers, where two plastic layers are provided between the two carriers and on the outside of each carrier a white plastic layer is attached, each plastic layer unfolds its maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature ;

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross section through an inventive security plate with two carriers, where only one plastic layer is formed between the two carriers and on the outside on the Trä ger only another plastic layer is provided, while on the outside of the other carrier a package is attached from two plastic layers, each plastic layer unfolding its maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature;

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross section through an inventive security plate with three carriers, where a single plastic layer is formed between the one outer carrier and the medium carrier, while two plastic layers are provided between the other outer carrier and the middle carrier, each Plastic layer unfolds its maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature;

Fig. 8 is a schematic cross section through an inventive inventive security plate with three carriers, where two plastic layers are provided in between the one outside carrier and the inside carrier and between the other outside carrier and the inside carrier, each plastic layer at one other temperature unfolds its maximum dissipative effect;

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross section through a composite security plate according to the invention with two external supports, two plastic layers being attached to the inside of one support and a space filled with air or a protective gas being formed between the plastic layer on the inside and the other support, each the plastic layers develop their maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature;

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross section through an inventive security plate with three carriers, where two plastic layers are provided between the one outer carrier and the medium carrier, while between the other outer carrier and the middle carrier a filled with air or a protective gas ter Intermediate space is formed, each of the plastic layers unfolds its maximum dissipatory effect at a different temperature.

A particular advantage of the composite Si according to the invention security plate can be seen in that despite one particularly simple construction according to German industry enormously DIN 52290 part 3 (06/1984) a breakthrough-resistant and / or according to the European industry standard DIN EN 1063 (07/1993) and / or the German industry standard DIN 52290 Part 2 (11/1988) a bullet-resistant and / or after German industry standard DIN 52290 part 5 (12/1987) a anti-explosive and / or according to the European In industrial standards DIN EN ISO 717/1 and 717/2 (01/1997) and / or according to the German industry standard DIN 52210 (08/1984) can have a sound-absorbing effect.

The composite security plate according to the invention can comprise one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more carriers ( 1 ). As a rule, however, the composite security plate according to the invention has only one, two or three supports ( 1 ).

On these carriers ( 1 ) two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, new, ten or more in a functional manner energy-consuming and energy-dissipating plastic layers ( 2 ) can be applied.

In particularly preferred embodiments, each plastic layer ( 2 ) and / or each carrier ( 1 ) develops the maximum of its energy-consuming, dissipatory effect at a different temperature or a different temperature range.

This has the consequence that the Verbundsi invention safety plate not only at a single temperature worth, but in a temperature range of at least Δ 40 ° C in the sense of the above norm regulations mend and / or bullet resistant and / or explosive is inhibitory and / or soundproofing.

The bullet-resistant and the breakthrough effects in a wide tempe rature range of at least Δ 40 ° C, especially since these effects in the construction of the soundproofing Ver federal security plate are completely unexpected.

In the selection and combination of appropriate plastic layers ( 2 ) and / or carriers ( 1 ), it is possible to design the composite security plate according to the invention in such a way that it is in a temperature range of at least Δ 50 ° C, Δ 60 ° C, Δ 70 ° C , Δ 80 ° C, Δ 90 ° C, Δ 100 ° C, Δ 110 ° C or in a broader temperature range in the sense of the above standard regulations is breakthrough-resistant and / or bullet-resistant and / or anti-explosive and / or sound-absorbing.

Which materials are particularly suitable for forming the plastic layers ( 2 ) and / or the carrier ( 1 ), for example, is given below.

The composite security plate according to the invention can, for example, comprise a first plastic layer ( 2 ) which has a maximum energy-consuming dissipation effect, for example in the range from approximately -30 ° C. to 0 ° C. In preferred embodiments, the composite security plate according to the invention also contains a second plastic layer ( 2 ), which unfolds its maximum dissipation effect, for example in the range from approximately 0 ° C. to + 30 ° C. If necessary, a third plastic layer ( 2 ) is provided in the composite security plate according to the invention, which shows its maximum dissipation effect in the range from + 30 ° C to + 60 ° C, for example. Finally, it is possible with the composite safety plate according to the invention to apply a fourth plastic layer ( 2 ) which develops its maximum dissipation effect in the range from + 60 ° C. to + 90 ° C. for example.

As a rule, each plastic layer ( 2 ) and / or each carrier ( 1 ) converts a large proportion of the acting kinetic energy into deformation and / or heat, in particular at its predetermined operating temperature. As a result, the acting object (projectile, ax) is at least largely prevented from completely or at least partially penetrating the composite security plate.

The plastic layers ( 2 ) can be the same or different from one another with regard to their chemical composition and / or with regard to their degree of crosslinking. The same applies to the carriers ( 1 ).

Each plastic layer ( 2 ) can therefore have a different chemical composition and / or different degrees of crosslinking compared to the other plastic layers ( 2 ) and / or compared to the at least one carrier ( 1 ).

The term "networking" here means a spatial ver linking polymer chains to one another to form a network lymeren. The degree of crosslinking is a measure of the frequency speed of linking polymer chains to one another. ever the more frequent this crosslinking, the harder it will be general the polymers. The degree of cross-linking is relative low and the polymers are soft or elastic, speaks one of elastomers; the degree of crosslinking is higher the polymers are relatively hard and are called duromers net. These two classes of polymer differ from  the thermoplastics in that with an increase in the tem temperature no melting and liquefaction of the polymers takes place. In the case of elastomers and thermosets the mechanical properties - especially in tempera range above 50 ° C - far from being in a sol Chen dimensions depending on the temperature, like this at Thermoplastics is the case.

As a rule, each plastic layer ( 2 ) does not only act as an adhesive layer. Each carrier ( 1 ) and / or each plastic layer ( 2 ) preferably has a functional meaning with regard to the bullet-resistant and / or breakthrough-resistant and / or explosive-inhibiting and / or sound-absorbing effect.

Each plastic layer ( 2 ) and / or each carrier ( 1 ) can be formed in one or more layers. In the case of a multi-layer training, the individual layers are preferably directly connected to one another. Of course, these multiple layers can be separated from one another, for example, by intermediate layers of a different chemical composition and / or a different degree of crosslinking.

In general, the strienorm in accordance with the German Indu DIN 53505 (06/1987) measured Shore A hardness is temperature depending on the individual plastic film (2) at those Tempe, or in that of the temperature range in which these their maximum dissipatorische action unfolds greater than 70. The Shore D hardness there is preferably greater than 25.

Each individual plastic layer ( 2 ) can, for example, have a thickness in the range from 3 mm to 120 mm, preferably in the range from 3.1 mm to 100 mm, in particular in the range from 5 to 30 mm.

Each carrier ( 1 ) can, for example, have a thickness in the range from approximately 1 mm to 40 mm, preferably from approximately 1.5 mm to 35 mm, in particular from approximately 1.6 mm to 20 mm.

If the composite security plate according to the invention is transparent, it can be transparent according to the German industrial standard DIN 67507 (06/1980), for example in the range of 80%, due to the structure and the inventive selection of the plastic layers ( 2 ) and the carrier ( 1 ). up to 96%, preferably 85% to 95%, in particular from 89% to 94%, with a thickness of the composite security plate of 30 mm (see graphic FIG. 1 ).

However, the composite security plate according to the invention can also comprise one or more plastic layers ( 2 ) and / or carriers ( 1 ) which are evenly or unevenly transparent and / or opaque colored.

In preferred embodiments of the composite security plate according to the invention, the plastic layers ( 2 ) are provided directly one on top of the other without adhesive layers or adhesive films in between.

Also, the package or packages of plastic layers ( 2 ) or each individual plastic layer ( 2 ) can be provided directly on the carrier or carriers ( 1 ) without an intermediate adhesive layer.

In particular, FIGS. 2 and 3 show that the OF INVENTION dung contemporary laminated plate may for example comprise two outer carrier (1) between which one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten layers of plastic (2), respectively are provided in direct contact with each other.

In Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are exemplary execution of the laminated plate of the invention is provided, comprising two supports (1) comprise, between which one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or more layers of plastic (2) are provided , one, two, three, four, five or more plastic layers ( 2 ) being attached to the outside on one or both supports ( 1 ).

From FIGS. 7 and 8 show that in preferred embodiments of the composite Safe according to the invention integrated plate, for example, three carriers (1) may be provided, between the adjacent members (1) each weils one, two, three, four, five or more Art layers of material ( 2 ) can be provided in direct contact with one another.

In Fig. 9, a further embodiment of the inventive composite security plate is shown, which comprises two external carriers ( 1 ). On the inside of the one carrier ( 1 ) one, two, three, four, five or more plastic layers ( 2 ) can be attached, preferably in direct contact with one another. An air space ( 3 ) is optionally formed between the last internal plastic layer ( 2 ) and the other external support ( 1 ).

From Fig. 10 is finally guide form a further possible from the Verbundsicherheitsplat invention te forth, comprising three supports (1), wherein between the one outer member (1) and the middle Trä ger (1) one, two, three, four, five or more plastic layers ( 2 ) are formed. An intermediate space ( 3 ) filled with air or protective gas can be provided between the other external support ( 1 ) and the central support ( 1 ).

The composite security plate according to the invention is preferred as a breakthrough and / or bullet resistant and / or explosive and / or sound absorption rende and / or UV protection plate for civil and / or military uses in a vehicle on land, in the air or used on water or in the field of construction bar.

The at least one carrier ( 1 ) can essentially be made of amorphous, non-crystalline substances, glass, alkali-lime glass such as soda-lime glass and / or borosilicate glass, window glass, float glass, lead crystal glass, mirror glass, tempered glass, wire glass, ornamental glass, coated glasses, frosted glass, quartz glass, glass ceramics, crystal glass, optical glasses, technical glasses, radiation protection glasses, foam glass, dall glass, safety glass, colored glasses, opal glass, opaque glass, opaque glass, device glass, pebble glass, high lead crystal glass, cerium-doped glass, flint glasses, crown glasses Smelting glasses, metallic and / or metal-oxide-coated glasses, printed glasses or painted glasses, all of these types of glass being formed from flat, flat, curved or spherically curved and / or from ceramic materials, glass ceramics, oxide ceramics, powder metallurgy, rough clay ceramics Materials, fine clay-ceramic materials, coarse special ceramics hen materials, fine special ceramic materials, clay, earthenware, earthenware, stoneware, stoneware, porcelain and / or of wood and / or of metal and / or of plastic and / or of mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the one or more plastic layers ( 2 ) and / or the at least one carrier ( 1 ) optionally made of plastic comprises a chemically and / or thermally and / or physically hardened mass of a hardenable plastic.

This plastic can be selected from, for example the group of casting resins or reactive resins based of polyurethanes, cross-linked polyurethanes, partially cross-linked Polyurethanes, polyureas, epoxies, unsaturated or saturated polyesters, polyethylene terephthalates (PET), polybutylene terephthalates (PBT), poly (meth) - Acrylates, silicones, silicone resin polymers, MS polymers (Mixed silicone-polymers) or from the group of hot melt adhesives, coatings and sealants, at for example on the basis of polyethylene or its co polymeric or polyvinyl acetate or from mixtures here of.

As already stated, the curable plastic forming the single-layer or multi-layer plastic layer ( 2 ) can be a polyurethane.

In this case, the plastic comprises a first component te A, which can be selected from the group of Po lyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyether polyester polyo le, phosphoric acid polyol esters, sulfonic acid polyol esters, (Meth) acrylic acid polyol esters, lactone polyols, polycarbo natpolyole, the saturated or unsaturated aliphati , cyclic, alicyclic or aromatic polyols and / or their mixtures.

Its second component B can be selected, for example, from the group of aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates, which can be present as monomeric, prepolymerized and / or blocked polyisocyanates, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), tetramethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhaxamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), methylcyclo (HTDI or MCH), isophore diisocyanate (IPDI), di-cyclo-hexylmethane diisocyanate (H ₁₂ MDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), their allophanates; Biurete, Uretdione, Isocya nurate, their blocked compounds or adducts with Ca prolactam, malonic esters, alkylacetoacetates, as keto xime, Schiff bases or mixtures thereof.

Its optional third component C, a Catalyst, for example, can be selected from the Group of tertiary amines and their salts, in particular their chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, phospho nates, phosphites, carboxylates with mono- or polyvalent Carboxylic acids, organometallic compounds, in particular Alkyl compounds of lead, zinc, tin, zircon, titanium, de ren metal soaps or complex compounds with one or polyvalent aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids or anhydrous salts of polyvalent metals, especially re the halides or the carboxylates of lead, tin, Zinc, manganese, titanium, zircon, magnesium, calcium, or from Mixtures of these.

In addition, the curable plastic can be made from the Group of polyurethanes comprise a component D, which is selected from the group of sterically disabled people aminic light stabilizers, especially derivatives of 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperydinol or 2,2,6,6- Tetramethylpiperidine, the substituents on the Piperi din-N atom is a hydrogen or an oxygen atom or a hydroxy, alkoxy, alkyl or acetoxy group represent and wherein the substituents on the C-1 carbon atom are a hydrogen or an oxygen atom or a hydroxy, alkoxy, alkyl, acetoxy group or a Represent imide or benzylidene.  

Alternatively or in addition to this, the curable art component from the group of polyurethanes a component E include, which is selected from the group of UV Absorbers, oxalanilides, hydroxybenzophenones, benzotriazoles, Benzotriazines or mixtures thereof.

As already stated, the hardenable plastic can be Be polyurea.

As a rule, this comprises a first component A, which is selected from the group of aliphatic, cycloali phatic or aromatic amines with primary, secondary ren or tertiary amino groups, the primary or secondary där polyamines, the bifunctional amines, the adducts the aforementioned amines or ammonia with oxiranes, Ethylene oxide, ethoxylates, epoxides, (meth) acrylic acids or (meth) acrylic acid esters or from mixtures thereof.

Its second component B can be selected from the group of aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates, which can be present as monomeric, prepolymerized and / or blocked polyisocyanates, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), tetramethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhaxamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), methylcyclohexyl HTDI or MCH), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), di-cyclo-hexylmethane diisocyanate (H ₁₂ MDI), diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), their allophanates, biurets, uretdiones, isocyanurates, their blocked compounds or adducts with caprolact Malonic acid esters, alkylacetoacetates, as ketoximes, Schiff bases or mixtures thereof.

Its third component C can be selected from the Group of tertiary amines and their salts, in particular their chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, phospho nates, phosphites, carboxylates with mono- or polyvalent Carboxylic acids, organometallic compounds, in particular Alkyl compounds of lead, zinc, tin, zircon, titanium, de ren metal soaps or complex compounds with one or polyvalent aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids or anhydrous salts of polyvalent metals, especially re the halides or the carboxylates of lead, tin, Zinc, manganese, titanium, zircon, magnesium, calcium, or from Mixtures of these.

If the curable plastic is an epoxy, it can be egg ne include first component A, which is selected from the group of oxiranes, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, bisphenol F or even partially hydrogenated derivatives, unmixed or mixed with a reak tivthinner for epoxy resins such as C12-C14-alkylgly cidyl ether, butanediol diclycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, ethylhexylglycidylether, ethylhexanediol diglycidyl ether, cyclohexanedimethyldiol diglycidyl ether, polyoxypro pylene diglycidyl ether, polyoxypropylene triglycidyl ether

Its second component can be selected, for example be from the group of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic amines, polyamines or their adducts with oxiranes, diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A, des Bisphenol F or their partially hydrogenated deri vaten, Polyoxyethylenamine, Polyoxypropylenamine or aus Mixtures of these.  

If the curable plastic is an unsaturated polyester , it can comprise a first component A, which at is selected from the group of esters, for example maleic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, Phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic acid, iso phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, mesacon acid, citraconic acid or itaconic acid with bi-, tri- or tetrafunctional aliphatic alcohols such as ethanediol, Propanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, ethylhexanediol, propane triol, trimethylolethane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, ethyl lenglycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, hydrogenated bisphenol-A, and monomers such as α- Methylstyrene, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, divinylbenzene, Diallyl phthalate, triallyl cyanurate or triallyl phosphate,

As an accelerator / initiator, it can have a second component B, which is selected, for example, from the Group of tertiary amines or amino alcohols such as N, N'- Dimethylaniline or N, N'-dimethylaminoethanol or from the Group of hydroperoxides in combination with heavy metal salt accelerators or the peroxides in combination with tertiary aromatic amines or photoinitiators.

As a co-accelerator, it can have a third component C. grasp which one is selected from the group, for example pe of the salts of polyvalent metals of carboxylic acids (Me tall soaps) such as cobalt octoate, manganese octoate, manganese stearate, Calcium octoate.

As an initiator, it can comprise a fourth component D, which is selected, for example, from the group of Peroxides or azo compounds such as cumene hydroperoxide or azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).  

If the hardenable plastic from the group of (meth) - Acrylates is selected, it usually includes a first Component A, which is selected, for example, from the Group of (cyclo) aliphatic esters of (meth) - Acrylic acid, its prepolymers, methyl methacrylate, Bu tyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, hexanediol methacrylate, Ethylhexanediol dimethacrylate, polyoxypropylene dimethacrylate, Trimethylolethane trimethacrylate or mixtures thereof.

As an accelerator, it can comprise a second component B. sen, which is selected, for example, from the group the tertiary amines or amino alcohols such as N, N'- Dimethylaniline, N, N'-dimethylaminoethanol or mixtures hereof.

As a co-accelerator, it can have a third component C. grasp which one is selected from the group, for example pe of the salts of polyvalent metals of carboxylic acids (Me tall soaps) such as cobalt octoate, manganese octoate, manganese stearate, Calcium octoate or mixtures thereof.

As an initiator, it can also have a fourth component D grasp which one is selected from the group, for example pe of the peroxide compounds, the triphenylphosphine oxides or azo compounds such as cumene hydroperoxide or azo bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).

If the curable plastic is a silicone resin polymer, it can comprise a first component A, which at for example from the group of dialkylpolysiloxanes with Di methyl vinyl siloxy end groups is selected.  

In addition, it can comprise a second component B, wel che, for example from the group of alkyl hydrosiloxanes is selected.

As a catalyst, it can comprise a third component C, which is selected, for example, from the group of Platinum compounds such as hexachloroplatinic acid.

Regardless of its type, the hardenable plastic can be egg NEN adhesion promoter, which, for example, out is selected from the group of silanes and their hydrolyzates, the polysiloxanes and their hydrolysates, the silicones, gaseous silanes, epoxysilanes and those at room temperature gaseous silanes. Basically everyone can known adhesion promoters used come.

The optional integration of an adhesion promoter into the plastic layer ( 2 ) can make it possible to dispense with the polyurethane adhesive film known from the prior art. In this way, the translucent light is spared the passage through the light-refracting transition surfaces of the adhesive films.

Regardless of its type, the curable Plastic additionally include a UV stabilizer, wel cher, for example, is selected from the group of oxa lanilides, hydroxybenzophenones, benzotriazoles, benzotriati ne and / or mixtures thereof.

Regardless of its type, the curable Plastic additionally comprise an antioxidant, which is selected, for example, from the group of  sterically hindered phenols such as tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)) methane, tris (2,4-di- tertiary-butylphenyl) phosphite, octadecyl-3,5-di-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, tetrakis (2,4-di-tertiary butylphenyl) -4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite or mixtures hereof.

Regardless of its type, the curable Plastic a temperature or heat stabili include sator, which is selected for example from the group of sterically hindered phenols such as tetra kis (methylene (3,5-di-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinn amate)) methane, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, Octadecyl-3,5-di-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, Te tetrakis (2,4-di-tertiary-butylphenyl) -4,4'-biphenylendi phosphonite or mixtures thereof.

In summary, it should be noted that the invention ß composite security plate, especially your bullet inhibitory and breakthrough effect both at deep Temperatures as well as at high temperatures in full order catch maintains.

The ge in the bulletproof glass panes of the prior art feared loss of breakthrough and bulletproof inhibitory effect if the glass is below the temperature of the adhesive films there or at a thermoplastic softening of the thermoplastic there rule adhesive films takes place in the inventive Ver security plate just did not take place.

As the examples show, the invention prevents Composite safety plate both in the case of low temperature eggs as well as at higher temperatures a bullet.  

In the composite security plate according to the invention can the individual layers preferably by a simple one and inexpensive pouring and manufactured with be connected. The manufacturing cost of a he inventive composite security plate is consequently be particularly low and leads to particularly low production development costs.

The time and cost known from the prior art intensive temperature and pressure controlled compound processes Numerous layers and foils with one another are eliminated in the composite security plate according to the invention in the Rule.

The manufacturing effort is in the Ver Federal security plate therefore particularly low because the Production of separate layers and foils, which with each other as part of a technically very demanding len, temperature and pressure controlled composite process need to be connected with each other. In the event of the composite security plate according to the invention is given rather, just filling in an art mass of material in the space between two panes conducive.

Knows the composite security plate according to the invention finally, even with a slanted perspective, the problem of Essentially no formation of interference patterns. Because the composite security plate according to the invention points against over the bulletproof glass known from the prior art slices a significantly reduced number of interference pattern on the founding thin adhesive layers.  

The small number of interfaces / glass panels also leads to excellent transmission properties in the case of the composite security plate according to the invention (see FIG. 1).

Furthermore, the composite safety device according to the invention has plate has an excellent color neutrality because there may only be two materials for use dung, namely glass and plastic, instead of a variety of materials known in the art (e.g. glass, polyvinyl butyral film and polyacrylate resin). The opposite of the color neutrality from the prior art Technology known bulletproof glass better color neutrality act of the composite security plate according to the invention also to those in the case of the composite safety according to the invention unit plate, if necessary, designed to be significantly thinner Attributed to layers of glass.

The inventive possibility of using less and possibly thinner glass panels is fer ner the one caused in particular by the iron content Green portion of the composite security panel according to the invention significantly reduced.

Finally, the use of thick-walled and not only adhesive effect, but even functional plastic layers ( 2 ) with a thickness where appropriate in the range from 2 mm to 120 mm leads to a saving of the numerous glass layers known from the prior art.

If the resistance class remains the same, the Composite security plate according to the invention a large part of the glass - while reducing the basis weight - by Plastic to be replaced.

The strikingly low basis weight allows a special low structural glazing effort. The engine operation  of window and door sashes is in the case of he composite security plate according to the invention mostly straight not mandatory.

Examples 1 to 3 describe the preparation of playful components for exemplary inventive Casting resins for producing an exemplary invention according composite safety plate, which at various Temperatures their maxima of dissipatory effect ent folds.

Then the advantages of an inventive Composite security plate opposite from the prior art nik known composite security plates based on Ver same examples.

example 1 Preparation of an Exemplary Polyol component (A component) for producing an example adhere polyurethane for an operating temperature of 20 ° C

In a closed mixer consisting of a Round flask of 5000 mL with paddle stirrer, a thermo meters, a vacuum connection and a water bath 3115 g (89.0%) of an average polyether polyol Lich 3 OH groups (trifunctional) per molecule (based on poly propylene oxide started with trimethylolpropane), a mitt leren molecular weight of about 450 g / mol and an OH number of about 380 mg KOH / g submitted. In this template were then 297.5 g (8.5%) of a difunctional polye therpolyoles (based on polypropylene oxide with diethylene glycol started), with an average molecular weight of approx. 2000 g / mol and an OH number of about 56 mg KOH / g as well 87.5 g (2.5%) of butylbenzyl phthalate metered in as a plasticizer  and at approx. 50 revolutions per minute (50 1 / min.) homogeneously mixed within 5 minutes. After that 1.05 g (0.03%) of dibutyltin dilaurate as accelerator give and for another 5 minutes at about 50 revolutions mixed homogeneously per minute. After that, the shoot number of stirrers to 30 1 / min. lowered and during the a vacuum is applied for the next 20 minutes was 5 mbar over the specified time. The speed was de then carefully and slowly to 50 1 / min. ge increases. The rate of pressure drop and the Increasing the stirrer speed depend on the foaming of the Mi depending on the water content and amount of dissolved most gases is more or less pronounced.

Then was at a vacuum of 5 mbar over a Period of 70 minutes at a temperature of 23 ° C 50 1 / min. touched. After switching off the stirring motor aerated with dried nitrogen. Got one clear, colorless mixture, which must be moist is to protect.

Example 2 Preparation of an exemplary Folyol component (A component) to produce an example adhere polyurethane for an operating temperature of 0 ° C

In the same stirring apparatus as in Example 1 1428 g (40.8%) of a trifunctional polyether polyol (based on propylene oxide started with trimethylolpropane) an average molecular weight of about 486 g / mol with an OH number of approx. 385 mg KOH / g with 1428 g (40.8%) egg nes also trifunctional polyether polyols from the same Chen basis and an average molecular weight of approx. 660 g / mol and an OH number of about 255 mg KOH / g as well 234.5 g (6.7%) of a difunctional polyether polyol Base propylene oxide started with diethylene glycol with a  average molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and an OH Number of 56 mg KOH / g and 234.5 g (6.7%) of a difunction Started polyether polyols based on propylene oxide with diethylene glycol and at the ends with ethylene oxide cuts with an average molecular weight of approx. 2000 g / mol and submitted an OH number of 57 mg KOH / g as well 175 g (5.0%) trimethylol propane and 2.1 g (0.06%) dibutyl tin dilaurate as accelerator at a stirrer speed from 50 1 / min. and a temperature of 23 ° C within Mixed homogeneously for 10 minutes. After that the Speed to 30 1 / min. lowered and it was during the a vacuum is created for the next 20 minutes, which is then the specified time was increased to 5 mbar. The The speed of the stirrer was then slow and forward again visible at 50 1 / min. elevated. The speed of the Lowering the pressure and increasing the stirrer speed depends from the foaming of the mixture, which depends on the water content and the amount of dissolved gases can vary. Subsequently was at a vacuum of 5 mbar over a period of 70 minutes at a temperature of 23 ° C at 50 1 / min. ge stir. After switching off the agitator, it was dried with vented with nitrogen. Would get a clear, color loose mixture, which must be protected from moisture zen is.

Example 3 Preparation of an Exemplary Polyol component (A component) for producing an example adhere polyurethane for an operating temperature of 50 ° C

In the same stirring apparatus as in Examples 1 and 2 became 3150 g (90.0%) of a trifunctional polyether Polyols based propylene oxide started with Trimethy lolpropane with an average molecular weight of approx. 450 g / mol and an OH number of about 380 mg KOH / g and 350 g  (10.0%) of a difunctional polyether polyol based Propylene oxide, capped at the ends with ethylene oxide and with an average molecular weight of about 2000 g / mol and an OH number of approx. 57 mg KOH / g within 5 minutes at a stirrer speed of 50 1 / min. homogeneously mixed. Subsequently, at 50 1 / min. 1.75 g (0.05%) dibutyltin dilaurate as accelerator homo mixed in. Then the speed was reduced to 30 1 / min. lowered and it was on for the next 20 minutes Vacuum applied, which in the specified time was increased to 5 mbar. The speed of the stirrer was de then slowly and carefully to 50 1 / min. he increased. The rate of pressure drop and the steep The speed of the stirrer depends on the foaming of the mixture which, depending on the water content and the amount of dissolved Ga se may vary. Subsequently, at a vacuum of 5 mbar over a period of 70 minutes at a temperature temperature of 23 ° C with 50 1 / min. touched. After turning off the The agitator motor was vented with dried nitrogen. he was a clear, colorless mixture, which must be protected from moisture.

Example 4 Preparation of an exemplary isocyanate component (B component) for the production of example adhere polyurethanes for operating temperatures of 0, 20 and 50 ° C

In the same stirring apparatus as in Examples 1 to 3 became 2780 g (69.5%) of isophorone diisocyanate as Isocya nat monomer, 1200 g (30.0%) of a difunctional isocya nat prepolymer, which (based on isophorone diisocyanate used with polyether polyol based on propylene oxide) average molecular weight of about 2200 g / mol and a NCO content of about 3.8% and 20 g (0.5%) isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane  as an adhesion promoter at a Rüh rer speed of 50 1 / min. and slow careful anle vacuum mixed at a temperature of 23 ° C. After 20 minutes the maximum vacuum was 5 mbar enough. Subsequently, under these conditions over egg stirred for a period of 60 minutes. After parking the stirring motor was aerated with dried nitrogen tet. A clear, colorless mixture was obtained which was un is conditionally to be protected from moisture.

Example 5 Preparation of an exemplary invention contemporary polyurethane resin from an exemplary compo nente-A (polyol component) according to Examples 1, 2 and 3 and an exemplary component-B (isocyanate compo nente) according to Example 4 and preparation of the test specimens for the Shore hardness determination

To determine the mixing ratio of the two com Components A and B had to have the OH numbers of the polyol components ten from Examples 1 to 3 and the NCO content of Isocyanate component can be determined from Example 4. The The OH number of the A components from Example 1 was determined according to Acylation method with 343 mg KOH / g, from Example 2 with 331 mg KOH / g and determined from Example 3 with 348 mg KOH / g. The NCO content of the B component from Example 4 was determined by quantitative reaction with di-n-butylamine and back titration of the amine determined at 27.5%.

The amount of component-B used for a given amount of component-A with a molar ratio of OH: NCO = 1: 1.1 was calculated using the following formula:
Amount of B component in g for 100 g of A component = (OH number) * 42 * 10 / (56 * mass fraction NCO in%)

The following mixing ratios resulted:
100 g of component A from example 1: 102.9 g of component B from example 4
100 g of component A from example 2: 99.4 g of component B from example 4
100 g of component A from example 3: 104.3 g of component B from example 4

The components were mixed in a beaker glass in such a way that appropriate amounts of the components A and B were weighed into a 250 mL beaker. to the two components ended with a grand piano stirrer in an open beaker at 100 1 / min. within 5 Minutes homogeneously mixed. The beaker with this Mi was immediately put into a desiccator who stood on a magnetic stirrer and for the Duration of another 5 minutes at a speed of 30 1 / min. with a magnetic stir bar of 6 cm in length stir. A vacuum of 10 mbar was applied and that Cast resin was degassed at a temperature of 23 ° C.

To determine the Shore hardness according to DIN 53505 (06/87) 9.5 g of the freshly mixed casting resin for curing device into a lid with a diameter of 40 mm Polyethylene filled so that the filling height was 6 mm. To The lid was velvet for 12 hours at approx. 23 ° C Contents stored in a warming cabinet at 60 ° C for 4 hours. To Cooling down to room temperature and conditioning 4 hours at 23 ° C and 53% relative humidity the samples removed from the lids, coated with talc and measured the Shore A and Shore D hardness. It turned out the following values:  

Table 1

Now to see how the Shore hardness of the mixes for the individual optimized operating temperatures look like hardness was measured at different temperatures. The values obtained are together in Tables 2 and 3 amount represents.

Table 2

Table 3

The 3 compared polyurethane casting resins are in terms of their bombardment properties to a very specific and in optimized the operating temperature given in the examples. This means that they have at the specified operating temperature ratur their maximum energy-consuming, dissipatory Effect. As can be seen from Tables 2 and 3, the optimal Shore-A hardness of the casting resin when the appropriate operating temperature approx. 80 to 90 and the Shore-D Hardness approx. 50 to 70.

Example 6 Comparative example of Shore hardness under different polymeric intermediate layers for the production of laminated safety glass

For the production of laminated safety glass (VSG) of the Stan der Technik z. B. uses a film made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). For comparison in this example, a PVB film from HT-Troplast with the trade name Trosifol MB was used. Casting resins, which are preferably based on polyacrylate, can also be used to produce LSG. For comparison in this example, a product from Chemetall with the trade name Naftolan UV 33 was used. In this example, the hardness was measured at different temperatures. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Table 4

Table 5

These results show that the temperature influence on the Hardness is much more pronounced with PVB and polyacrylates than in the polyurethanes according to the invention. So that is obvious that the energy-consuming, dissipatori cal effect on materials based on PVB or polyacrylates  to a much more pronounced extent from the tempe rature is dependent as this in the Po according to the invention lyurethane casting resins is the case. To confirm this finds a comparison of the anti-bullet properties took place in a later example.

Example 7 Production of exemplary composite security plates according to a method according to the invention

For the production of a laminated safety glass pane a steel U-profile with a web width of 19 mm and a leg width of 5 mm (spacer) to one 490 * 490 mm square bent. The length of the U Profiles of 1960 mm was dimensioned so that both ends touch the profile. On both legs of the U Profiles then became a 1 mm thick round bead from a sealant based on polyisobutylene from Chemetall with the trade name Naftotherm BU-S carried. This frame was placed on a horizontal, cleaned and pretreated glass sheet of dimensions 500 * 500 mm, which had a thickness of 6 mm, so on that there is an even edge of approx. 5 mm all around revealed. A second cleaned and pretreated glass sheet with the dimensions 500 * 500 mm and a thickness of 4 mm became congruent on the frame with the first Glasta filed. Then the hand became a gentle one Pressure exerted on the glass sheet composite and this pressed in such a way that an even glass panel space of 20 mm resulted, which sealed to the outside is. The remaining margin from a cost depth of approx. 8 mm was then made with a sealant based Polysulfide polymer from Chemetall with the trade name Naftotherm M82 filled up. After the seal has cured fabric at room temperature overnight  Edge sealing two holes with a diameter of 6 mm drilled so that they are arranged one above the other. This Holes were used to fill the casting resin.

For the filling, the glass sheet composite was placed horizontally on the 6 mm thick glass sheet placed. Then 2400 mL were added mixed polyurethane casting resin manufactured by an An mixture of the polyol component from Example 1 and the Isocyanate component from Example 4 in the calculated Ge weight ratio from Example 5, the mixing with a commercial mixing and dosing system. This partially filled glass panel composite was then horizontal for 12 hours at room temperature from cured about 23 ° C and then the remaining one Gap filled with a polyurethane resin, wel ches by mixing the polyol component from Bei game 2 and the isocyanate component from Example 4 in the he calculated weight ratio prepared from Example 5 has been. It was drilled through the second fill 2400 mL resin poured into the opening. The curing he also followed within 12 hours at room tempera door. This glass sheet composite was before the further test at 50 ° C in a circulating air cabinet for 5 hours pert to ensure that the curing reaction is completely finished. Furthermore, the disc was before the test for another at least 24 hours at room temperature stored temperature. One obtained by this manufacturing method appear transparent, colorless when viewed the glass panel composite, which is not visually recognizable is that the plastic layer consists of two individual, direct interconnected cast resin layers.

A second glass panel composite was produced by as Spacer is a thermoplastic material based on polyisobutylene from Chemetall with the trade name  Naftotherm BU-TPS was used. For this was a strand of about 7 mm thick and 22 mm wide the first cleaned and pre-treated 6 mm thick float glass panel applied vertically. Then one second 4 mm thick glass sheet, which is also cleaned and was prepared, coincidentally filed. All wide Ren steps were analogous to the disc production in Ab cut previously performed, so that a disc two space of 20 mm. This variant of the composite Glass construction has the advantage that the edge bond (= Spacer = edge seal) is permanently plastic and thus differences in expansion in the thickness of the glass sheet construction can compensate.

Example 8 Gun test of a ver collar security plate at two different temperatures

The test of the bullet-proof properties was carried out in Based on DIN 52290 Part 2 (11/1988) after the Wider class C3-SA with a caliber of .44 Magnum at a shooting distance of 3 m. For this purpose, the association safety glass fixed in a jig so that the 6 mm thick glass panel was facing the attack. There were a total of 3 shots on the laminated safety glass submitted, the hits the corner points of an equal Mark the triangle on the side with a side length of 125 mm. For the experiment was the first glass panel composite from the Bei game 7 heated to a temperature of 30 ° C, the second glass sheet composite was cooled to -10 ° C. The Be shot took place at the specified temperature. None of the 3 shots per glass sheet compound through penetrated the laminated safety glass, with which the bullet test was passed.  

Example 9 Comparative example of a bullet test Laminated safety glass pane with only one thick polyme interlayer at three different temperatures

From DE 198 24 996 A1 it is known that a composite fuse tempered glass in the form of an armored glass consisting of two Glass panels and a thick polymeric interlayer has bullet-resistant properties. The bullet test took place analogously to example 8. In this example the extent to which such a network was established was examined safety glass against shelling at -10, 30 and 50 ° C holds. The discs were manufactured by Rosen heimer special glass and showed a structure on the The following components consisted of: 6 mm float glass panel / 20 mm polymer intermediate layer / 4 mm float glass sheet. To test The anti-bullet properties were 6 mm Glass panel facing the shelling.

At 30 ° C the laminated glass kept the bombardment problem started, whereas at -10 ° C the second shot and at 50 ° C on the 3rd shot was shot. insofar this experiment shows that there is a structure from just one thick polymeric intermediate layer Composition only withstand in a relative narrow temperature range is possible.

Example 10 Comparative example of a bullet test with Laminated safety glass panes of the prior art two different temperatures

A structure was tested which consisted of: an 8 mm glass sheet / 2 mm cast resin (Naftolan UV 33 from Chemical) / 12 mm glass sheet / 2 mm cast resin (UV 33 ) / 10 mm glass sheet / 2 mm cast resin (UV 33) / 4 mm glass sheet (= glass / glass structure). The 8 mm glass panel faced the shelling during the test. As a further structure, a polycarbonate / glass structure was tested which had the following structure: 4 mm glass sheet / 1.14 mm PVB film / 6 mm glass sheet / 1.52 mm PVB film / 6 mm glass sheet / 1.5 mm polyurethane film / 6 mm polycarbonate sheet (= PC / glass structure). The polycarbonate sheet was turned away from the shelling. The bombardment test took place at -10 and 20 ° C as in Example 8. The results in the overview are summarized in Table 6.

Table 6

From the table it can be seen that only the fiction according to the structure even bombardment at cold temperatures withstand.

Example 11 Comparative example of transmission measurements

The transmission measurements were carried out with a two-beam UV / VIS spectrophotometer type Lambda 12 from Perkin Elmer in the range from 300 to 800 nm at 480 nm / min. Scan speed with measuring intervals of 5 nm. There was no sample in the reference beam during the measurement, ie the measurement was made against air. The transmission over the wavelength was plotted in FIG. 1. The individual laminated safety glasses from the examples were measured. Specifically, these are the PC / glass structure and the glass / glass structure from example 10, the structure from example 9 and the structure according to the invention from example 7. The transmission spectra are shown in FIG. 1.

Graphic Fig. 1

From the spectra it can be seen that the structure Example 9 and the structure according to the invention from example 7 the highest transmission in the visible wavelength range exhibit. It is surprising that although the polymeric Zwi layer of the structure according to the invention from two under differently composed casting resins, so from two un different layers, the transmission ver hold as identical due to the transmission curves the transmission behavior of the structure from Example 9 of a single thick polymer layer can. The multi-layer structures of the Tech nik are clear in their transmission behavior classified worse. This results in impressive ler way from the fact that their transmission curves clearly over the entire visible wavelength range below the transmission curve of an inventive Structure according to Example 7.

Example 12 Comparative example of light transmittance

The light transmittance was according to DIN 67507 (06/1980) evaluated in the wavelength range between 380 and 780 nm tet. The results are as shown in Table 7 Values:

Table 7

As can be seen from Table 7, the light transmission of the two structures of the prior art from example 10 with 9% significantly worse than light transmission in the constructions from Comparative Example 9 and that he Example 7 according to the invention. It is surprising that although the polymeric intermediate layer of the structure according to the invention from Example 7 consists of two layers, at the border surface of the polymer layers to each other no reflection loss occurs and therefore the light transmission there degree with the light transmittance of the structure according to Ver same example 9 with a single thick polymeric intermediate layer is identical.

Example 13 Comparative example Evaluation of the color pressure

The transmission was used to assess the color impression curve according to the three-range method based on DIN 5033 part 6 (08/1976) evaluated and the color measures according to DIN 5033 part 3 (1992) and DIN 6174 (01/1979) according to CIELAB juxtaposed. This was done with the help the PECOL software version 3.0 from Perkin Elmer from 1994. The parameters for evaluation were 2 ° normal observer at standard light D65. As a result you got according to CIELAB the brightness coefficient L *, the red-green Shift a * and the blue-yellow shift b *. The Individual values are summarized in Table 8.  

Table 8

In this compilation, the L * value is the most significant sten. The higher this value, the clearer one becomes underlying color evaluated by an observer. The values show that the two structures with a thick polymer interlayer, this value is highest is most. The a * and b * value only says something about the color of the superstructures. The closer these values come to zero the more colorless the structures are. For glass / glass The green color can be built up due to the high Recognize glass content.

In practice, these values mean that when used of the construction according to the invention in a facade of one Viewers cannot see that here is bulletproof glass is set.

This is when using from the prior art known bulletproof glass is usually the case.  

Example 14 Comparative example regarding the area weights with laminated safety glass panes of the state of technology

The weight per unit area is based on one square meter Weight of a plate. For comparison, bulletproof glass slices used, which is based on a shelling to DIN 52290 part 2 (11/1988) according to the resistance class C3 with a .44 magnum caliber at a shooting distance withstand from a distance of 3 m at room temperature.

As structures of the prior art, those used from Example 10. It is about a glass / glass structure made with a casting resin and a glass / polycarbonate construction.

In Table 9 the weights are opposed to each other faced.

Table 9

It is noteworthy that the glass / glass construction of the stand the technology is twice as heavy as that according to the invention great structure. Even the PC / glass construction is approx. 16% heavy rer than the structure of the invention.

In practice, this means that with the new Auf build the necessary design effort ver wrestles. In general, in the case of fiction According to bullet-resistant window constructions, a motor drive  saved for opening the sash. Also one Reduction of the frame proportion is in the inventive Glazing due to the reduced basis weight mostly possible, which gives the overall impression of a facade is significantly improved.

Claims (28)

1. According to the German industrial standard DIN 52290 part 3 (06/1984) breakthrough-resistant and / or according to the European industrial standard DIN EN 1063 (07/1993) and / or the German industrial standard DIN 52290 part 2 (11/1988) by bullet-resistant and / or according to the German industry standard DIN 52290 part 5 (12/1987) anti-explosive and / or according to the European industry standards DIN EN ISO 717-1 and 717-2 (01/1997) and / or according to the German industry standard DIN 52210 (08 / 1984) sound-absorbing composite security plate, characterized in that it comprises one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more carriers (1) which are of the same or different composition and on which two , three, four, five, six, seven, eight, new, ten or more in a functional manner energy-consuming and energy-dissipating plastic layers ( 2 ) are applied, which are of the same or different composition, each plastic ffschicht ( 2 ) and / or each Trä ger ( 1 ) at a different temperature or a different temperature range, the maximum of its energy-consuming, dissipatory effect unfolds, so that the Verbundsi security plate in a wide temperature range of at least Δ 40 ° C in the sense of the above standard regulations is breakthrough-resistant and / or bullet-resistant and / or anti-explosive and / or sound-absorbing. 2. Laminated plate according to claim 1, characterized in that a first plastic layer (2) has a maximum energy-consuming Dissipationswirkung in the range of about -30 ° C to 0 ° C, a second plastic layer (2) has a maximum Dissipationswirkung in the range of about 0 ° C to + unfolds 30 ° C and a third layer of plastic (2) a maximum Dissipationswirkung in the range of approximately + 30 ° C to + shows 60 ° C and optionally a fourth plastic layer (2) has a maximum dissipati onswirkung in the range of + 60 ° to + 90 ° C developed. 3. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each plastic layer ( 2 ) and / or each carrier ( 1 ) converts a large part of the acting kinetic energy into deformation and / or heat and at least at a predetermined operating temperature this prevents the acting object (projectile, ax) from completely or partially penetrating the composite security plate. 4. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the carrier ( 1 ) and / or each plastic layer ( 2 ) is essential Lich function-giving with regard to the bullet-inhibiting and / or breakthrough-inhibiting and / or explosive effect inhibiting and / or soundproofing effect. 5. Composite safety plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each plastic layer ( 2 ) and / or each carrier ( 1 ) is formed in one or more layers, the individual layers being directly connected to one another in the case of a multi-layered design or are separated from one another by intermediate layers of another chemical composition and / or another degree of crosslinking. 6. Laminated plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured in accordance with the German industrial standard DIN 53505 (06/1987) Shore A hardness of each plastic layer (2) at the temperature or in demje Nigen temperature range , in which this develops its maximum dissipative effect, is greater than 70 and that the Shore D hardness measured in accordance with the German industry standard DIN 53505 (06/1987) is greater than 25 there. 7. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each individual plastic layer ( 2 ) has a thickness in the range from 3 mm to 120 mm. 8. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the carrier ( 1 ) has a thickness in the range of about 1 mm to 40 mm. 9. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that they a light transmission according to the German industry standard DIN 67507 (06/1980) in the range from 80% to 96% for a Thickness of the composite security plate of 30 mm. 10. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more of the plastic layers ( 2 ) and / or the carrier ( 1 ) are evenly or unevenly transparent and / or colored opaque. 11. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one carrier ( 1 ) is essentially made of amorphous, non-crystalline substances, glass, alkali-lime glasses such as soda-lime glass and / or borosilicate glass, fen sterile glass, Float glass, lead crystal glass, mirror glass, tempered glass, wire glass, ornamental glass, coated glasses, milk glass, quartz glass, glass ceramic, crystal glass, optical glasses, technical glasses, radiation protection glasses, foam glass, Dall glass, safety glass, colored glasses, opal glass, opaque glass, opaque glass, Equipment glass, pebble glass, high lead crystal glass, cerdoped glass, flint glasses, crown glasses, melting glasses, metallic and / or metal oxide coated glasses, printed glasses or painted glasses, whereby all these types of glass are flat, flat, curved or spherically curved and / or made of ceramic materials , Glass ceramic, oxide ceramic, powder Metallurgy, coarse clay-ceramic materials, fine clay-ceramic materials, coarse special-ceramic materials, fine special-ceramic materials, clay, earthenware, earthenware, earthenware, stoneware, porcelain and / or made of wood and / or made of metal and / or made of plastic and / or mixtures hereof. 12. Laminated plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each plastic layer (2) material layers (2) and compared to other synthetic / or in comparison to the at least one carrier (1) setting a different chemical composition and / or has a different degree of crosslinking. 13. Composite safety plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastic layers ( 2 ) layer are provided directly on top of each other without the adhesive lying in between. 14. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the package of plastic layers ( 2 ) or each individual plastic layer ( 2 ) without intermediate adhesive layer is hen on the carrier or carriers ( 1 ) vorgese hen. 15. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one or more plastic layers ( 2 ) and / or the at least one carrier ( 1 ) optionally made of plastic is a chemically and / or thermally and / or physically hardened mass comprises a curable plastic, which is selected from the group of cast resins or reactive resins based on polyurethanes, crosslinked polyurethanes, partially crosslinked polyurethanes, polyureas, epoxides, unsaturated or saturated polyesters, polyethylene terephthalates (PET), polybutylene terephthalates (PBT), poly - (Meth) acrylates, silicones, silicone resin polymers, MS polymers (mixed silicone polymers), hot melt adhesives, coatings and sealing compounds, optionally based on polyethylene or its copolymers, polyvinyl acetate or mixtures thereof. 16. Composite security plate according to claim 15, characterized in that the curable plastic from the group of polyurethanes is a first component A, which is selected from the group of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyether polyester polyols, phosphoric acid polyols, sulfonic acid polyol esters, (meth) acrylic acid polyols ster, lactone polyols, polycarbonate polyols, the saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, cyclic, alicyclic or aromatic polyols and / or mixtures thereof
a second component B, which is selected from the group of aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates, which may be present as monomeric, prepolymerized and / or blocked polyisocyanates, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), tetramethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhaxamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), clohexyl diisocyanate (HTDI or MCH), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), di-cyclo-hexyl methane diisocyanate (H ₁₂ MDI), diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), their allophanates, biurets, uretdiones, isocyanurates or their blocked compounds Caprolactam, malonic acid esters, alkyl acetoacetates, as ketoximes, Schiff bases or mixtures thereof,
and comprises a third component C as a catalyst, which is selected from the group of tertiary amines and their salts, in particular their chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, phosphonates, phosphites, carboxylates with mono- or polyvalent carboxylic acids, organometallic compounds, in particular Alkyl compounds of lead, zinc, tin, zirconium, titanium, their metal soaps or complex compounds with mono- or polyvalent aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids or anhydrous salts of polyvalent metals, in particular the halides or the carboxylates of lead, tin, zinc, manganese, titanium, zir kon, magnesium, calcium, or mixtures thereof. 17. Composite security plate according to claim 15, characterized in that the curable plastic from the group of polyureas a first component A, which is selected from the group of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic amines with primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, the primary or secondary polyamines, the bifunctional amines, the adducts of the aforementioned amines or the ammonia with oxiranes, ethylene oxide, ethoxylates, epoxides, (meth) acrylic acids or (meth) acrylic acid esters or from mixtures thereof,
and a second component B, which is selected from the group of the aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates, which can be present as monomeric, prepolymerized and / or blocked polyisocyanates, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), tetramethylene diisocyanate, trimethylha xamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI) , Methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate (HTDI or MCH); Isophorondii socyanat (IPDI), di-cyclo-hexylmethane diisocyanate (H ₁₂ MDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), their allophanates, biurets, uretdiones, isocyanurates, their blocked compounds or adducts with capro lactam, malaconate esters, alkylacetates, alkylacetates, alkylacetates, alkylacetates, alkylacetates as ketoxymes, Schiff bases or mixtures thereof,
as well as a third component C, which is selected from the group of tertiary amines and their salts, especially their chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, phosphonates, phosphites, carboxylates with mono- or polyvalent carboxylic acids, organometallic compounds, especially alkyl compounds of lead , Zinc, tin, zirconium, titanium, their metal soaps or complex compounds with mono- or polyvalent aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids or anhydrous salts of polyvalent metals, in particular the halides or the carboxylates of lead, tin, zinc, manganese, titanium, zirconium, magnesium , Calci um, or mixtures thereof. 18. Composite security plate according to claim 15, characterized ge indicates that the hardenable plastic from the group the epoxides a first component A, which is selected from the group of oxiranes, the diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A, bisphenol F or even only partially hydrogenated derivatives, unmixed or mixed with a Reactive thinner for epoxy resins such as C12-C14-alkylgly cidyl ether, butanediol diclycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, ethylhexylglycidylether, ethylhexanediol diglycidyl ether, cyclohexanedimethyldiol diglycidyl ether, polyoxypro pylene diglycidyl ether, polyoxypropylene triglycidyl ether and touches a second component B which is selected from the group of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic amines, polygamines or their adducts with Oxiranes, diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A, bisphenol F or their partially hydrogenated derivatives, Po lyoxyethylene amines, polyoxypropylene amines or from mixtures towards this. 19. Composite security plate according to claim 15, characterized in that the curable plastic from the group of unsaturated polyesters is a first component A, which che is selected from the group of esters, optionally of maleic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic acid, isophthalic acid acid, terephthalic acid, Tetrachlorphtalsäure, mesaconic acid, Citra consäure or itaconic acid with bi-, tri- or tetrafunktio tional aliphatic alcohols such as ethanediol, propanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, ethyl hexanediol, propanetriol, Trime thylolethan, erythritol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, di ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol , hydrogenated bisphenol-A, and monomers such as α-methylstyrene, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, divinylbenzene, diallyl phthalate, tri allyl cyanurate or triallyl phosphate,
as accelerator / initiator, a second component B, which is selected from the group of tertiary amines or amino alcohols such as N, N'-dimethylaniline or N, N'-dimethylaminoethanol or from the group of hydroperoxides in combination with heavy metal salt accelerators or the peroxides in Combination with tertiary aromatic amines or the photoinitiators,
as a co-accelerator a third component C, which is selected from the group of the salts of polyvalent metals of carboxylic acids (metal soaps) such as cobalt octoate, manganese noctoate, manganese stearate, calcium octoate and as initiator a fourth component D, which is selected from the group of Peroxides or the azo compounds such as Cu molhydroperoxid or Azobisisobutyronitril (AIBN). 20. Composite security plate according to claim 15, characterized in that the curable plastic from the group of (meth) acrylates a first component A, which is selected from the group of (cyclo) aliphatic esters of (meth) acrylic acid, their prepolymers, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, hexanediol methacrylate, ethylhexanediol dimethacrylate, polyoxypropylene dimethacrylate, trimethylolethane trimethacrylate or mixtures thereof,
as accelerator a second component B, which is selected from the group of tertiary amines or amino alcohols such as N, N'-dimethylaniline, N, N'-dimethylaminoethanol or mixtures thereof,
as a co-accelerator a third component C which is selected from the group of the salts of polyvalent metals of carboxylic acids (metal soaps) such as cobalt octoate, manganese noctoate, manganese stearate, calcium octoate or mixtures thereof,
and comprises, as initiator, a fourth component D which is selected from the group of the peroxide compounds, the triphenylphosphine oxides or the azo compounds, such as Cu molhydroperoxide or azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). 21. Composite security plate according to claim 15, characterized in that the curable plastic from the group of silicone resin polymers comprises a first component A, which is selected from the group of dialkylpolysiloxanes with dimethylvinyl siloxy end groups,
a second component B, which is selected from the group of alkyl hydrosiloxanes
and comprises as catalyst a third component C, which is selected from the group of platinum compounds such as hexachloroplatinic acid. 22. Compound safety plate according to one or more of the Claims 15 to 23, characterized in that the hardens bare plastic comprises an adhesion promoter, which is made of is selected from the group of silanes and their hydrolyses te, the polysiloxanes and their hydrolyzates, the silicones, gaseous silanes, epoxysilanes and those at room temperature gaseous silanes. 23. Composite security plate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two external supports ( 1 ), between which egg ne, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten plastic layers ( 2 ) are provided in direct contact with each other. 24. Composite security plate according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it comprises two carriers ( 1 ), between which one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or more plastic layers ( 2 ) are provided, wherein one, two, three, four, five or more plastic layers ( 2 ) are attached to the outside on one or both supports ( 1 ). 25. Laminated plate according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it comprises three carrier (1), wherein between the adjacent supports (1) one, two, three, four, five or more layers of plastic (2) direct contact with each other are provided. 26. Composite security plate according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it comprises two external supports ( 1 ), one, two, three, four, five or more plastic layers ( 2 ) on the inside of the one support ( 1 ). are in direct contact with each other and an air gap ( 3 ) is formed between the last inner plastic layer ( 2 ) and the other outer carrier ( 1 ). 27. Composite security plate according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it comprises three carriers ( 1 ), one, two, three, four, five between the one external carrier ( 1 ) and the central carrier ( 1 ) or several plastic layers ( 2 ) are formed and a space ( 3 ) filled with air or protective gas is provided between the other outer support ( 1 ) and the central support ( 1 ). 28. Use of a composite security plate according to a or more of the preceding claims as a breakthrough inhibitory and / or bullet-resistant and / or explosive anti-kung and / or sound absorbing and / or UV Protection plate for civil and / or military purposes in a vehicle on land, in the air or on water or in the field of construction.