DE10038026A1 - Blood extractor for patient has extraction container with needle housing to receive retractable hollow needle to extract blood - Google Patents

Abstract

The blood extractor has a housing (1) with a hollow needle (10) extending through the wall of the patients blood vessel (B) to aspirate blood from it. The needle can move between a retracted position in which it is behind the surface of the housing and an extended position in which the end of the needle extends from the housing.

Description

The invention relates to a device for taking blood from a Blood vessel of the type corresponding to the preamble of claim 1.

Such devices always include a skin penetration, the zwi tissue and the wall of the vessel at one end beveled hollow needle, which at its other end mostly with a coupling is permitted, which requires a volume to accommodate the removal of the serves blood-containing container.

To generate the suction required for taking blood, it is known that the Be To design ratios as a piston / cylinder arrangement, after the successful on stab the hollow needle into the blood vessel and couple the container to the flask is operated manually in the sense of increasing the vessel volume.  

The disadvantage of this device is that it is almost painless for the patient Pricking the hollow needle into the blood vessel only with considerable skill and elevation practice of the person making the puncture is possible. Furthermore, at manual actuation of the piston, the needle is usually not completely calm will hold, which leads to the fact that the needle in the puncture area represents the skin underlying tissue and the vessel wall stretches or even injures what re regularly leads to pain impairment of the patient.

For the latter reason, it is also known that the volume to accommodate the pre-evacuated blood-containing vessels and in their with the Coupling of the hollow needle area to be connected with a closure or valve equip arrangement that is opened when coupling to the hollow needle, so that the blood to be drawn is sucked into the volume of the container, without the need for additional manual actuation of the device.

This measure eliminates the risk of manual piston actuation caused "wiggling pain" prevented, but it is disadvantageous that the Inserting the hollow needle, then coupling the pre-evacuated vessel ßes and the replacement of a full for one, which is necessary in frequent cases empty container for receiving the blood taken in turn to un desired, painful movements of the needle leads for the patient.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a device which has a Blood is drawn from a blood vessel in a way that is less painful for the patient se enables.

This object is achieved by the invention reproduced in claim 1.

Characterized in that in the device according to the invention the hollow needle between a retracted position in which the hollow needle is at least substantially inner remains half of the outer contours of the housing of the device, and one out moved position in which the end of the hollow needle to be inserted into the blood vessel protrudes from the housing by a certain length, is arranged displaceably,  and that means are provided with which the hollow needle is withdrawn from it can be moved to its extended position, it is for inserting the needle it is no longer necessary for the guide, as well as the shifting of the needle from the person taking the blood son must be accomplished. Rather, the housing only needs the Position and then place the body where the blood is to be drawn ßend the means for extending the needle to be activated. The danger of the "Wac kelns "during the insertion of the hollow needle is therefore considerably reduced which the means for displacing the hollow needle can be designed such that these at high speed from their retracted to their extended Position and the puncture process takes only a very short time is the Pain associated with drawing blood is reduced again. Furthermore is before geous that due to the high rate of penetration of the needle in the blood vessel to prevent the walls of the vessel from collapsing when the needle is inserted required pressure which is usually achieved by applying a pressure cuff is reduced, which reduces the risk of paravascular bruising.

The means by which the hollow needle moved from its retracted to its extended Position is shiftable, preferably have an arrangement on the hollow needle in the direction of the retracted position de, exert elastic force. The hollow needle is used to perform the puncture then first shifted to their retracted position, in this by suitable ones Means, such as a locking device, held, and after the Device was brought to the appropriate place on the body by loosening the Means, such as the lock, brought into their extended position where penetrates into the blood vessel at the tip of the hollow needle.

In its constructive configuration, the arrangement for generating the elasti force have a compression spring.

However, it is also possible to measure the elastic force with the help of a compressed air meter voirs or in a completely different way.  

The pain associated with drawing blood for the patient can be repeated be reduced if the housing of the device has at least one internal volume men for receiving the blood drawn from the patient. Through this The measure is a coupling of a vessel for the collection of blood after the puncture is done, so that "wobbling pain" is prevented.

If existing, commercially available containers should continue to be used, so recommends an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the housing is an adapter arrangement for connecting at least one handelsübli Chen container for receiving withdrawn blood. By this Ausge Depending on the requirements, several containers can be designed on the adapter at the same time, or - if this is not desired or possible - also several containers ter can be connected one after the other.

The means for sucking the blood through the interior of the hollow needle include before preferably a negative pressure in the at least one internal volume compared to the external environment. This negative pressure can be generated, for example, by who that the inner volume is pre-evacuated and the inside of the hollow needle in it extended position communicates with the internal volume, in other words: that only in the extended position of the hollow needle, the connection of its interior with the pre-evacuated internal volume.

However, it is also possible to provide means that the vacuum only at Moving the hollow needle from its retracted to its extended position generate a manually or automatically actuated piston / cylinder device or to provide the vacuum in any other way gene.

Regardless of how the vacuum to suck the blood be acts, there are considerable advantages for the application if the device is designed such that the negative pressure is present on the hollow needle when it is in the blood vessel penetrates. This measure effectively prevents changes that painful paravascular bruising (haem  atoms) arise, which is regularly the case when taking blood me blood past the hollow needle from the blood vessel into the adjacent tissue can leak. Because the suction in this preferred embodiment of the Invention already exists when the hollow needle enters the blood vessel, too Aspirates blood that would otherwise have got into the tissue, even then, if the opening of the hollow needle has not completely penetrated into the vessel or partially emerged from the opposite wall of the vessel. As Another consequence of this embodiment is the "depth of penetration" of the tip of the Hollow needle for performing the blood collection process is not as accurate as before be specified what the blood collection also to the application staff relieved.

It is particularly advantageous for handling the device according to the invention sticky, the side part of the housing from which the hollow needle in its extended Position protrudes to be provided with at least one contact surface over which the device while in use on a patient's body surface supports. The device then needs to carry out the removal process just placed on a suitable body part and the publishing process of Hollow needle to be set in motion.

Tests have shown that the blood withdrawal process is particularly reliable and can be performed with little pain if the at least one contact surface is designed such that when the device is supported on the body surface the patient's needle at an angle to the body surface in the support area in the range between 5 ° and 30 ° - depending on the thickness of the between the vessel wall, which should penetrate the hollow needle, and the tissue located on the support surface - includes.

The device according to the invention can be used particularly variably when the at least one contact surface is designed such that the angle that the hollow needle with the body surface during the extraction process is adjustable.  

To prevent the blood intended for the removal process barrel is pushed sideways when putting on the device, is a special the preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention an off saving is provided in the at least one contact surface into which the blood vessel is located can at least partially bulge in and thus from the lateral boundary surfaces of the recess is positioned.

Becomes a patient's blood to perform various diagnostic or thera pieverfahren required, it is advantageous to a plurality of separate Internal volumes or an adapter arrangement for connecting several containers Provide a blood sample.

The internal volumes or the containers can then either be serial or par communicate allel with each other.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 - partially and schematically - a first embodiment of a device according to the invention in a longitudinal section, wherein the hollow needle is in its retracted position;

FIG. 2 shows the same exemplary embodiment in the same view as in FIG. 1, but with the hollow needle in its extended position;

Fig. 3 - in sections - the same embodiment as in Figure 1 in a partially sectioned plan (view A in Fig. 1);

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a device according to the invention in a view corresponding to FIG. 3;

Fig. 5 - schematically and in sections - a Fig. 1 to 3 corresponding Ausfüh approximately example of a device according to the invention during an Ent removal process in a view in the direction of the blood collection serve the blood vessel;

Fig. 6 - schematically - different positions of the beveled end of the hollow needle relative to the position of the blood vessel;

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of an inventive apparatus comprising a plurality of serially communicating with each other volumes for receiving blood removed (schematic);

Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention in a view corresponding to Fig. 7, which comprises a plurality of inner volumes communicating with one another in parallel for receiving blood and

Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of an inventive device in a Fig. 7 and 8 corresponding view, which has an adapter plate for the connection of two external containers for receiving withdrawn blood.

The designated in FIGS. 1 to 3 as a whole by 100, in these figures only fragmentary embodiment and shown schematically an apparatus fiction, modern 4 comprises a housing 1, which internal volumes 3 flui disch via a duct 2 connected in its interior two, for Recording blood taken. The housing 1 has at its Fig. 1 downwardly facing end face 5 of a housing extension 6, which is designed to be open in FIG. 1 Darge bottom end 7 notified.

The interior 8 of the housing extension 6 serves to receive a hollow needle arrangement, designated as a whole by 9, which essentially consists of the actual hollow needle 10 directed towards the open end 7 and one of the hollow needle carrier 11 serving for the displaceable mounting of the hollow needle arrangement 9 in the interior 8 of the housing extension 6 that cooperates with the inner circumferential surface 12 of the housing extension 6 at least approximately sealingly.

With its end face 13 facing away from the hollow needle 10 , the hollow needle carrier 11 is supported via a prestressed spiral spring 14 on a rigid contact surface 15 of the housing 1 .

The locking of the hollow needle assembly 9 against the compressive force of the coil spring 14 in the retracted position serves a locking device 16 , which engages in the retracted position of the hollow needle assembly 9 one of the end face 13 opposite lying surface 17 .

The hollow needle assembly 9 has an inner channel 18 which it extends from the tip 19 of the hollow needle 10 to a lateral opening 20 of the hollow needle carrier 11 .

Furthermore, in the side wall of the housing extension 6 shown on the right in FIG. 1, a channel 21 opening at one end into the channel 2 is provided, the other end 22 of which opens into the interior 8 of the housing extension 6 .

For shifting the hollow needle 10 from its retracted position shown in FIG. 1 to its extended position shown in FIG. 2, the Arretierein device 16 is shifted such that the contact surface 17 is released. Due to the force exerted by the spiral spring 14 on the hollow needle arrangement 9 , the last re shoots downward according to FIG. 2 until the contact surface 17 abuts against a stop 23 projecting inwards from the inner circumferential surface 12, thereby limiting the displacement path. In this position, the inner channel 18 communicates via the opening 22 with the channel 21 , so that the inner volumes 3 and 4 communicate with the inner channel 18 of the hollow needle and blood can flow through the channels 18 , 21 and 2 into the inner volumes 3 , 4 .

As can also be seen from FIG. 2, the hollow needle 10 with its tip 19 penetrates the skin H in the region of the point at which the hollow needle 10 is to penetrate the blood vessel B, as well as a wall of the blood vessel B.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, blood can only be drawn when the hollow needle 10 penetrates so deeply into the patient's tissue that its tip comes to a standstill before penetrating the wall of the blood vessel B (see FIG. 6a )), the area of the hollow needle 10 which is tapered towards the tip 19 fully protrudes through the blood vessel B (see FIG. 6e)).

In order to be able to adjust the "penetration depth" of the tip 19 of the hollow needle 10 required for blood sampling, a sleeve 24 which is displaceably mounted in the direction of arrow P can be seen on the housing extension 6 , with which the effective length of the housing extension 6 and thus the penetration depth of the tip 19 of the hollow needle 10 is variable. The cuff 24 and the Ge housing extension 6 can be equipped with locking means, not shown in the drawing, with which the cuff 24 can be locked in three different basic positions, in which the depth of penetration to that in children, normal-weight adults or overweight adults usual conditions is fitted.

Paravascular bruises are effectively prevented even at end positions of the hollow needle 10 , in which the tip 19 has not completely penetrated the blood vessel B ( FIG. 6b) or has partially penetrated the opposite wall of the blood vessel B ( FIG. 6d)) the vacuum for suctioning the blood is already present on the hollow needle as soon as it has entered the vessel.

In principle, it is possible to insert the hollow needle 10 into the blood vessel B essentially perpendicular to its course. Such Vorge approach, however, requires that the "depth of penetration" must be predetermined almost exactly. To avoid this, it is advisable to carry out the removal at an angle α between the hollow needle 10 and the blood vessel B, which is in the range between 5 ° and 30 °. For this purpose, the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS . 1 and 2 has contact surfaces 25 through which the desired angle α is predetermined. In the game Ausführungsbei shown in the drawing, the angle α is fixed. However, it is also within the scope of the invention to design the contact surfaces so variably that the angle α can be changed depending on the intended application of the device.

As already described and shown again in detail in FIG. 1, a spiral spring 14 can be used to generate the force driving the hollow needle arrangement from its retracted position into its extended position. It is - as shown schematically in Fig. 4 - however also possible to provide a compressed air reservoir voir 26 between the end face 13 and the contact surface 15 or other means suitable for effecting an elastic force.

In order to prevent the vessel from which blood is to be taken from migrating sideways when the device 100 is set on and the removal process is thereby prevented, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a recess 27 is provided in the contact surfaces, into which the After the device 100 has been placed on the skin, the blood vessel B is at least partially pressed in and the blood vessel B is thus fixed laterally in the position required for the blood withdrawal (see FIG. 5).

As illustrated in FIGS . 7 to 9, devices 100 according to the invention can be equipped in different ways with volumes for receiving blood. Thus, several - in FIG. 7 three - volumes 28 , 29 , 30 can be provided in the housing 1 , which communicate with one another in series and are thus filled with blood one after the other during the removal process.

Furthermore, it is possible, as shown in FIG. 8, to provide inner volumes 31 , 32 , 33 which are arranged parallel to one another and which are accordingly filled up approximately in parallel to one another.

The volumes 28 to 33 can be pre-evacuated to generate the vacuum required for filling, or the vacuum required therein can be carried out in any other way, for example by connecting the volumes to a piston / cylinder unit, an external pump, etc. To avoid paravascular bruises, it is only essential that the negative pressure is already generated when the tip 19 of the hollow needle 10 penetrates into the vessel.

In the illustrated in Fig. 9 embodiment are provided for receiving the ent recessed blood volumes 34, 35 are disposed externally and ben as Col / cylinder units 36/37 formed in such a manner that the piston 36 by manually operable piston rods 38 in the cylinder 37 are relocatable. For at the piston / cylinder unit 36 brin supply / 37 of this as a whole with 200 be recorded device 9 is an adapter assembly 39, from which, according to FIG. Turn down the housing extension 206 extends. The hollow needle assembly 209 and the channels 202 correspond in their technical design and function to the hollow needle assembly 9 and the channels 2 , as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and therefore do not require any special discussion at this point.

The blood sampling with the device according to Fig. 9 is performed in a reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 already described manner, by pulling out the piston rods 38 into the position shown in Fig. 9 position, in which the pistons 36 by locking projections 40 on the inner wall of the Cylinder 37 against the effect of negative pressure are kept ge, the same is generated prior to the advancing of the needle and penetration into the blood vessel.

Reference list

1

casing

2nd

channel

3rd

Internal volume

4

Internal volume

5

Face

6

Housing extension

7

The End

8th

Interior

9

Hollow needle arrangement

10th

Hollow needle

11

Hollow needle holder

12th

inner lateral surface

13

Face

14

Coil spring

15

Contact surface.

16

Locking device

17th

Contact surface

18th

Inner channel

19th

top

20th

opening

21

channel

22

The End

23

attack

24th

cuff

25th

Contact surface

26

Compressed air reservoir

27

Recess

28

volume

29

volume

30th

volume

31

volume

32

volume

33

volume

34

volume

35

volume

36

piston

37

cylinder

38

Piston rods

39

Adapter arrangement

40

Locking projections

100

contraption

206

Housing extension

209

Hollow needle arrangement

202

channels
H skin
B blood vessel
A view
P arrow

Claims (17)

1. Device for taking blood from a blood vessel (B),
with a housing ( 1 ),
with a hollow needle ( 10 ) which can be inserted through the blood vessel wall into the interior of the blood vessel (B),
and with means for sucking the blood through the interior of the hollow needle, characterized in that
that the hollow needle ( 10 ) between a retracted position in which the hollow needle ( 10 ) remains at least substantially within the outer contours of the housing, and an extended position in which the end ( 19 ) of the hollow needle to be inserted into the blood vessel (B) ( 10 ) protrudes from the housing by a length, is displaceably arranged, and
that means are provided with which the hollow needle ( 10 ) can be shifted from its retracted into its extended position. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the With tel, with which the hollow needle ( 10 ) is displaceable from its retracted position into its ausah, comprise an arrangement on the Hohlna del ( 10 ) in the direction of the exert a retracted elastic force on the extended position. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the order has a compression spring ( 14 ). 4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the arrangement has a compressed air reservoir ( 26 ). 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the housing ( 1 ) comprises at least one inner volume ( 3 , 4 , 28-35 ) for receiving blood. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the housing ( 1 ) comprises an adapter arrangement ( 39 ) for connecting at least one container, the inner volume ( 34 , 35 ) serves for receiving blood drawn on. 7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the means for sucking the blood through the interior of the hollow needles ( 10 ) comprise a negative pressure in the at least one inner volume ( 3 , 4 , 28-35 ) relative to the external environment. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner volume ( 3 , 4 , 28-35 ) is pre-evacuated and that the interior of the Hohlna del ( 10 ) in its extended position with the inner volume ( 3 , 4 , 28-35 ) communicates. 9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that means are provided which generate the negative pressure in the inner volume ( 3 , 4 , 28-35 ) when moving the hollow needle ( 10 ) from its retracted into its extended position. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that means for generating the negative pressure a ben arrangement connected to the hollow needle ( 10 ), which generates a negative pressure when the hollow needle ( 10 ) is displaced into its extended position in a cylinder arrangement, and means which in the extended position of the hollow needle ( 10 ) connects the inside of the cylinder with the inner volume ( 3 , 4 , 28-35 ) for receiving the blood in order to hold. 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the side part of the housing ( 1 ) from which the hollow needle ( 10 ) protrudes in its extended position, at least one contact surface ( 25 ) for supporting the device during its use has on a patient's body surface. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the at least one contact surface ( 25 ) is designed such that when the device is supported on the body surface of the patient, the hollow needle ( 10 ) to the body surface in the support area an angle α in the range between 5 ° and 30 ° includes. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one contact surface ( 25 ) is designed such that the angle α, which the hollow needle ( 10 ) with the body surface while supporting the device on the body surface of the patient, is adjustable . 14. Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the contact surface ( 25 ) has at least one recess ( 27 ) for fi xation of the blood vessel serving for blood collection (B). 15. The device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the device comprises a plurality of mutually separate inner volumes ( 3 , 4 , 28-33 ) for receiving the withdrawn blood or an adapter arrangement ( 39 ) for connecting a plurality of containers includes blood taken for collection. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the inner volumes ( 28 , 29 , 30 ) or the container serially communicate with each other ren. 17. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the inner volumes ( 31 , 32 , 33 ) or the container in parallel communicate with one another.