DD294107A5 - METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RELATED LOADING STATE OF A LEAD BATTERY AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

In the method and the device for determining the respective state of charge of a lead battery under alternating load with the introduction of reference values, a reference line is created as Meszbezugswert from which a D U value determined at a load engagement is subtracted, and accordingly, this reference line is a new current Load reference line shifted, which is adapted in case of load change according to a newly determined D U value. The reference line is determined experimentally by decreasing a load on the charged battery and determining the value that sets in a short time after the load has decreased. Fig. 3 {state of charge; Lead-acid battery; Load, changing; Reference value; Reference line; Load application; Load change, experimental, determined}

Description

For this 7 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the respective state of charge of a lead-acid battery under alternating load on the basis of a cell voltage with introduction of reference values.

It also includes a method in which the respective capacity of the battery of the battery size in relation to

Discharge current, the type of load In the form of constant current or intermittent current, the age and the temperature of the Battery and the previous treatment of the battery by charge, charging method and discharge depends. Here are already indications of special facilities that are used in that context. Characteristic of the known state of the art

In known methods for monitoring the state of charge of lead batteries, it is assumed that certain curves are presented by the battery manufacturer, which apply to different load conditions. The pursuit of such a characteristic allows only an approximate battery utilization. No deviating charges are recorded. Therefore, there is a possibility that either a battery when it is recharged is not yet discharged in the manner sufficient for economical use, or the danger of the battery being discharged beyond a limit as a result of intermittent loads the battery condition is permanently deteriorated. According to known methods, a different assessment would only be possible if long pauses of the order of one hour or more are inserted between different load conditions and then comparative measurements are made. But this is not possible in operation, especially on vehicles. From this point of view, a method according to DE OS 3736481 is also to be judged, according to which at least one reference value, i. Thus, a plurality of reference values are determined and then evaluated in dependence on a terminal voltage in Betriebsspannungeelelch. In this case, a so-called certain energy conservation value is included and made a reference to the terminal voltage. This method is extremely complicated and has a time constant as explained above. For this purpose, it is also pointed out that in this known embodiment, a unit is created with which only with a measurement of the terminal voltage, but also with knowledge of the discharge characteristics, based on the respective battery, results are achieved. This is in connection with a simple method of measuring a battery problematic in terms of on the one hand the effort and on the other hand the time constant involved.

Object of the invention The aim of the invention is to remedy these deficiencies. Explanation of the essence of the invention The invention is based on the object, a method and an apparatus, in particular also circuit arrangement

create, which respectively reflects the updated actual state of the battery even with changing load in a short tent and doing the respective state, the discharge process makes it recognizable, so that an optimal utilization is made possible.

The device is assumed to be known as known from the preambles of the device claims

emerge. This object is achieved by a method for determining the respective state of charge of a

Lead-acid battery under alternating load with the introduction of reference values, which is characterized in that a Reference line is created as a reference value, from which a determined when a load application AU value is subtracted

and according to this reference line is shifted to a new load reference line, which is adapted in load change according to a newly determined AU value.

Reference values for the respective state of charge are in the form of reference voltage values under alternating load

generated by interpolation.

Advantageously, the reference line is experimentally reduced by removing a load from the charged battery and determining the Determined value that sets in a short time after the decrease of the load, wherein for a measuring point of the reference line a Multiple measured value recording and integration via these measured values takes place. For the determination of a reference voltage value in the distance of the order of 100ms several measurement words

determined and integrated and from these integration values, an average value is formed for the displacement of the reference line.

Advantageously, several measured values in the number of an order of magnitude of 5 to 25 are determined. According to the invention, it is provided that the integration values are checked for deviations in the order of magnitude of 0.0V / Z

and from about ten integration values within the deviation limits the mean value is formed.

(V / Z = volts / cell)

Expediently, a voltage plateau is continuously updated and formed from the last ten average values

and in the case of deviation of the order of 0.05 V / Z, a new plateau is devalued for a new operating condition and then the reference value is shifted with the new value.

It is advantageous if a rest line with a time of 120 seconds after a load shutdown is determined and that the Operating condition of the battery in relation to the rest line is checked and depending on signals are affected. In a method in which the respective capacity of the battery of the battery size with respect to the discharge, the Type of load in the form of constant current or intermittent current, the age and temperature of the battery and the

Previous treatment of the battery by charge, charging method and discharge depends, it is provided that the respective

Capacity is detected by a comparison between the rest line and the reference line, the respective value by Displacement of the reference line is determined as a function of the load. Furthermore, it is expedient that for each capacity state, the voltage difference from the intersection with the reference line

is measured and the determined load characteristic is checked as a current characteristic as a shifted reference line with the criteria of a static load case.

Then it is advantageous if a difference between two adjacent average values takes place for the static load case

and with a reference value, wherein at a smaller difference than the order of about 0.005 WZ the

Followed by the shifted reference line as the current load curve and a larger difference a new plateau

is devalued.

Then, when the voltage for the next lower capacity value is exceeded, is dependent on a Change of 10% provided a display switching. In the method according to the invention is further provided that in a measurement cycle in the battery discharge a first Measurement after a time of the order of 540 see and the following measurements after a repetitive cycle

a time of the order of 180see until the capacity is exhausted.

To determine the respective curves, reference lines and / or shifted or current reference line is a Single voltage value, which consists of several, in particular in the range of 5 to 25, preferably 16 Untermeßwerten

is calculated, and if it deviates from a neighboring single voltage value beyond a predetermined limit, a load change is assumed and there is a further shift of the reference line for updating until the limit is met.

The device for determining the respective state of charge of a lead acid battery, with a microcomputer and visual display with Storage of given characteristics and connections to the battery as well as with switches for switching on and off the Battery, is characterized by a voltmeter on the battery, which takes measurements for under load

stationary battery, for the battery disconnected from the load and for a voltage reading at the battery

Switching on the load, wherein the voltage measuring device is provided with a timer, by switch operation

can be triggered, and provides a measured value display under a limit determined by the Zeitmeßglied.

Furthermore, a timer is provided for a time setting of the order of 100 ms. There is provided a record and / or switch means for the detected measurements and in dependence of

selected battery capacities measured values are formed in the course of a battery discharge and combined to form a curve.

Furthermore, are provided;

a value shifter by which a measured voltage value on the battery after load application is shiftable with its upper end to a reference value in a reference line which results experimentally involving discharge of the battery from a load in a short time;

three comparators, each having two inputs and three outputs connected in parallel, of which the inputs of one comparator are connected to the difference value from the reference line and the voltage value AU, i. the value of the shifted reference line and the other input with the mean voltage Um is fed while the one input C of a second comparator with the reference value of the reference line and the other input D are fed with the integration value after the voltage cut-off and the third comparator an input F with the voltage value after the load shutdown after 120 seconds. the other input E is fed with the reference value of the resting-line memory.

The three outputs connected in parallel are supplied to three counters and the counted values become active when one of them has elapsed

measured time, especially in the early days on the order of 540sec. and in the following steps in the

Distance of 180 sec., Measured by a time grid, compared and the measured largest impulse becomes either three Stepper switch values for a reference line memory or standby line memory display device to the common Downshift (downshift) supplied or larger deviations from the mean are for upshift

the stepper is issued.

A display device is provided as a bar display with bar springs for display elements and bar fields are included

10% depreciation can be switched off.

In the display device signal indications for 30% and 20% of the remaining capacity of a battery are arranged as a marker. By the inventive solution with measurements in a given time in the range of the order of 100 msec

the prerequisite for current load characteristics is created in a very short time, with which ever an optimal

Exploitation and evaluation of a battery is possible. The reference line is moved and in the measuring device is a

Such displacement device also in the context of a computer or microcomputer a special element, because not the characteristic values supplied by the producer are present and evaluated, but a characteristic in the form of the reference line for the

Result is worked out. This also includes memory devices for input in a special circuit Values as well as switching, switching and shifting, comparison memory, stepper mechanisms as well Subtracting, wherein a plurality of memory means are provided for receiving different values, and further

Also included are signal repeaters and timers. Thus, values can be processed into corresponding presentation categories of different orders of magnitude,

This relates in particular to the reference values for the respective state of charge. In particular, experimental identification of the reference line allows the detection not only of the entire scope of a State of charge of a battery, but at the same time also the various load situations, which selectively recorded

can be. Here, reference values are included according to claim 2, to perform an adjustment. Such an immediate adaptation takes place in particular with the features of claim 3.

The invention provides a measuring method which provides a wide spectrum of batteries, even with different ones Load type, and safely protects against total discharge. Here it can be assumed that at least indirectly all Environmental influences on the battery conditions including this are taken into account. If a capacity is specified, a battery is the actual actual value of the battery Battery size also in relation to the discharge current, the type of load in the form of a constant current or even one

intermittent electricity, battery age, temperature and the like, taking into account in particular the history of the battery in the form of previous charge states and processes and discharges.

If only the battery voltage according to the method according to the invention is available, it gives! h the need for a Measurement processing for the course of a discharge, so that then according to the specified W. "Paint the claims a

each partial current discharge characteristic for a current discharge state reached </ ird.

Particularly advantageous method steps result from the attached method claims 4 to 14. In this case

notes that the method is based on the principle that for monitoring the discharge state, there are generally two possibilities involving the terminal voltage, on the one hand the determination of a rest voltage and, on the other hand, the determination of a battery voltage under load.

While the quiescent voltage results only after longer no-load rest periods, a quiescent curve but on the basis

The acid density is achieved with a surcharge in the order of 0.84 volts, there is a conclusion on the

State of charge only in compliance with the above-mentioned characteristics and restrictions. A voltage under load applies,

the removable capacity of a battery is dependent on the current level, i. the load is dependent. Thus, for example, with a five-hour current of 20 A, a load of the order of 10 Ah would be present in a relatively short time. Such

Load is expressed by 100 Ah 5. But if only in the previous way, the evaluation, long rest periods

and requires special knowledge of the battery in terms of capacity and load capacity.

The measuring method according to the invention is based on the above-defined reference line, so that at the same time with certain Restrictions all battery sizes are detected because they are substantially the same at a specific load

behavior. Regarding the reference line, reference values for the discharge state result in 10% steps.

Fabel is included, that each approximately 100msec takes a Meßwertaqfnahme and over ten consecutive readings During operation, an integration is performed. The integration value determined as a result is expressed as a single voltage value Ue

designated.

The subdivision is continued by the fact that even from ten individual voltage values again a mean value Um

is formed, which can serve as a decision criterion in characteristic comparisons.

If the value "ten" is indicated, then this is a favorable embodiment

However, the preferred and particularly advantageous numbers are given, which are to be considered in the first place.

Based on the integration, averaging and also the use of an A-D converter, then performs the evaluation

of measured value recording In conjunction with case differences to event-oriented results, which are expressed by the above-mentioned claims.

If now already at a load application, for example in the form of activation of a reference value input, special Conditions are created for the tapping of measured values, then in this context the order of magnitude

already introduced voltage plateau whose definition contains measured values which differ no more than by 0.005 V / z. Thus the condition becomes also for the examination of several measured values before and after a special one

Event created. (The term V / Z means voltage per cell). For the introduction of useful results it is assumed that at least five measured values lie within a tolerance band

with deviation in given orders of magnitude in order to carry out the procedure. In this

Related reference is also made to the claims 7 and 14. The tolerance band ensures that also deviations

of a negligible kind.

For a static load case, a previous load connection is essential. But there are differences between

adjacent voltage mean values taken from the measurement and examined and depending on the

Magnitude performed another test along the so-called current load reference line. This is from Mean voltage levels are less than about 0.005V / Z in the preferred embodiment, wherein the Check on this basis of value along the current load reference line is performed. Different weightings of achieved results will not be discussed here. It just gets on it

It should be noted that, depending on load pick-up, load handling and also unloading, i. Further burden, different weightings are taken for momentano valuations, so that in the final execution, including the weight parts, a result is achieved that corresponds to the actual conditions.

If the so-called LCD display changes only in 10% steps, then it is understood that a display device in the context of Invention also responds only to deviations greater than 10%. Here, the display accuracy lies in the change of Bar graph. Under this condition, a feature of the invention resides in a voltmeter on the battery, which measurements

for the battery under load, * 1, the battery disconnected from the load and for one

Voltage level on the battery after Aufschalturj the load, the voltmeter provided with a timer

is triggerable by switch operation, and a measured value display under a certain by the Zeitmeßglied

Border supplies. This results in a particularly preferred embodiment Following the features of claim 15th

By the features of claims 16 to 18, in particular the claim 18, that a value displacement means is provided, by which a measured voltage value at the battery after load engagement with its upper

End '' slidable to a reference in a reference line, which is experimentally involving a discharge of the Battery results from a load in a short time. Another device which is particularly preferred provides, according to claims 19 to 22, that three comparators with In each case two inputs (A, B, C, D, F, E) and three outputs connected in parallel are arranged, of which the inputs (A, B, C, D; B) of the one comparator with the difference value from the reference line and the voltage value AU, i. the value of

the current reference line and the other input with the mean voltage Um is fed while one input (C) of a second comparator with the reference value of the reference line and the other input (D) with the

Integration value are fed after the power cut and the third comparator of an input (F) with the Voltage value after load shutdown after 120sec. the other input (E) with the reference value of the rest line memory

is fed.

In the following the invention will be explained with reference to exemplary embodiments which explain the method in the area of characteristic curves and in the case of block diagrams and circuits show particularly advantageous embodiments. Show it

Fig. 1: a graph with different load curves for a battery, according to the invention a reference line

and the rest characteristic are drawn; Fig. 2 is a partial view of Fig. 1 for explaining the function; 3 shows a partial representation of families of curves in an ordinate system, also according to FIGS. 1 and 2 for explaining the

inventive solution for creating a current shifted reference line; 4 shows an individual representation for explaining a special state with determination of a reference value; Fig. 5; a block diagram for the arrangement of a battery to a computing device with explanation of the

relevant components; Fig. Β a, b, c; in the book order from left to right juxtaposed a block diagram as circuit the

Implementation of the procedure; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a spatial perspective for the supply of a display device, as they are for the

Invention is advantageous.

In FIGS. 1 to 4, a coordinate system is shown, the abscissa! in the order of the capacity with dimension (%) is in one piece and whose Ordlnato 2 in each case the magnitude of de / voltage U _bttt . (shown in V / Z). The abscissa is shown in values of the capacity of a battery with 10% availability at the position parallel to the ordinate with extinction at 0% at the right edge of the abscissa. This is already of importance, even with regard to load characteristics, for example 3 to 6, although only different load currents

Itoh! Uh! lih ^ Mmln ·

and supplied for each individual battery.

It is expressed that at the respective capacity of a particular specified current over a certain period of time

is maintained.

Below a quiescent curve 7, which is formed after a shutdown of the load after a time longer than one hour,

there is a reference line 8, the strong abfält at the end. While the rest characteristic curve 7 is known, the rest line 7 a is additionally formed by being formed from measured values after 120 seconds after a load shutdown.

Fig. 2 shows the rest line 7 a and the reference line 8. In a substantial discharge of the battery results in a

increasing deviation. While the rest characteristic curve 7 and the load characteristics 3-6 are common for the battery, forms, except the rest line 7 a, the reference line 8 is a specially developed reference, in a special way for each similar

Lead battery types is determined. In Fig. 3 results in a special feature of the invention. The reference line 8 is drawn with a load I = 0. An exemplary measurement takes place according to the indicated representation at the capacitance value 80 corresponding to the dashed line Line 9 instead. If the reference line was to be determined once before, then this is assumed according to FIG

then at a load connection from a previously switched off state, a voltage jump 10 in the order AU takes place and in this context, a lower voltage value 11a is reached. This voltage jump, starting from the upper voltage value 11, results from load injection and from the fact that in the shortest time, in the order of 6-200 msec, in particular below 10Omsec a value is measured. The voltage value 11 above the reference line 8 arises from the fact that the battery has assumed a higher voltage value due to Erholüngszeiten before the load application.

The resulting difference in load AU between the voltage values 11 and 11 a will be who "according to the Value of the reference line, which results in the intersection with the dashed line 9, deducted and represents the point 12 in Fig. 3rd

By this new Spannunoswert the current load reference line 13 is pulled. It now forms the new reference line

Stress for the further considerations, as long as this load condition is unchanged. Moving the reference line by a circuit determined at a Lastauf ΔΙ110, but not to the output value 11 before

Relative to the load, but from the reference line 8 in the intersection value 12 a by the same size AU 10 a in the

Item 12, is an essential feature of the invention. At the next load shutdown, which has no time limit set and only from the load cycle (with respect to a Forklift, for example, for the Betriebszüben lifting and driving) is dependent, is an integrated voltage value Ue, made up of e.g. results in ten individual readings, which are stored in e.g. 100 msec. Sample rate were measured, with the reference line 8

compared and checked whether there was a change in capacity.

By measuring within a very short time, in particular of the order of 100 msec, the steep section becomes

a resulting voltage waveform without the eich subsequent curve detected with asymptotic approach to the rest curve. This results in the value for the course of the reference line 8 through the obtained endpoint.

Here, the finding is further refined by the fact that such measurements also interpolations for different closely

adjacent measured values in the range of a measured time with respect to a stage of the capacity in the course of the battery

Discharge is made. The course of the current load reference line 13 results from the fact that for a variety of Battery capacities with uniform distance of the voltage jump 10 when load is applied and the voltage increase

be measured after a Lastabschaitung.

The thus determined current load reference line 13 not only represents the respective battery state, but shifts

adaptable to respective conditions, especially to respective load conditions, which may change from case to case, so that the displaced or shifted reference line or current load line allows a true inference.

FIG. 4 shows by way of example how, for a battery capacity of 80%, an intersection with the

obtained parallel to the abscissa line 14, the battery voltage when the load is switched off, d. H.

I = 0, wherein a time constant for the shutdown is included, which is in particular below 100 m / sec. Also in

In this way, the reference line 8 is set without load or with the current I = 0.

Fig. 5 shows a principle block diagram forming the discharge monitor. This is housed in an assembly 15. These Assembly 15 has two terminals 16,17 for connecting a battery 18. Within the assembly of the discharge guard

a supply unit 19 is provided which feeds via feed lines 20, 21 and 22, respectively, the parts present in the discharge monitor. To the terminals 16,17 is an A-D, d. H. Analog-to-digital converter 23 connected via a

Functional connection 24 is connected to a microprocessor 25, In which special circuits for determining the Result are arranged. A wetterer input 26 in the microprocessor 25 comes from a logic OR circuit 27 with three inputs 28,29,30. Inputs 28-30 are connected to loads, one of which is shown. These consumers make different Load conditions that are detected with it. The input 28 can with a motor for the forward drive of Truck, the input 29 for the reverse drive of such a truck and the input 30 with a motor for

be provided the lifting drive of a truck, so that in each case the special type of load to the OR circuit 27 is applied. This forms a signal when loading one or all three inputs. This signal is passed on to the further inputs 26 in the microprocessor 26. In this case, then finally takes place also from the above point of view

Evaluation, which is passed via a functional connection 31 to an LCD display 32. In addition, it is noted that the microprocessor 25 function lines 33 to a relay 34 with a switch 35th

Is connected, which is then actuated, if at a fallen battery capacity to about 20%, the possibility of

Hubs in the truck is interrupted or switched off. FIG. 6 shows a more detailed circuit diagram of a capacitance measuring device during a process Battery discharge. A battery 100 is shown with an example engine load 101 that may be powered up via switch 102. The Battery voltage is measured across lines 100a and 100b and in an analog-to-digital converter 108 (corresponding to FIG

in Fig. 5), so that every 100 ms. a new converted battery voltage value is present. In that

Analog-to-digital converter 108 is a time clock included. A reset circuit 109 with comparison circuit is able to

when exceeding a limit value at the output of 108 described later step 128,129 and 133 in their

To bring outward situation. This represents the display value for 100% capacity. A number, preferably ten, A-D values from the analog-to-digital converter 108 become one in an integrator 110 Voltage integration value Ue summarized and from a number, preferably ten, voltage integration values Ue

an average value Um is formed in the mean value generator 111. At Ü'nem logical OR gate 106 with

Einnängen 103,104 and 105, these are connected to the loads in the form of the engine load 101. At the entrances are the Polled loads such as a truck. Motor load 101 provides a signal through switch 102,

which starts a controlled with a quartz 107 a Zeiu counter 107 for detecting the operating hours in motion and the

Switches 112 and 136 controls. The switch 112, which is actuated by the active OR gate 106, thus indicating that a Load connection is present. Via the switch 112, the measured values Um are connected via a changeover switch 113

alternately placed on one of two latches 114 and 115. The timing of the averager 111 and the

Switch 112 are designed so that the first measured value Um, which is transmitted after a load application, nor the Voltage value that existed before the load was applied. The trigger for the changeover switch 113 is the presence of a new value in the mean value generator 111 via a Function line 111 a. In the subtracter 116, the measured values from the latches 114, 115 become different from one another

subtracted and applied to a comparator 117, which switches the switch 118 to a respective other memory 119 and 120 at a threshold value greater than 0.01 volts per cell. Thus, averaged readings are taken into the memories 119 and 120

To obtain from the mean value generator 111 via the switch 112. By subtraction in a further subtracting circuit 121

from the memory contents 119 and 120, the sought AU in the load application and load changes. This AU value is in a further subtractor 122, the current capacity adapted via a stepper switch device 128

Derived reference value from the reference line memory 130 deducted. The value thus obtained represents the load shifted Reference line, which is now compared in a comparator 123 with the value Um at the input B of the comparator. According to the result of the comparator, these results are added in counters Z1,124 with inputs A and B. A> B; Z 2.125 counted at A = B and Z3.126 to A <B. Triggered by a timer 135 is after expiration of a time frame, which, for example, 540s depending on capacity

or 180s, in the signal converter 127 corresponding to the counter with the highest count, a signal is provided as follows. If the counter Z1,124 has the highest level, the step switches 128,129,133 to a smaller one

Capacity value provided. If the counter Z2,125 has the larger value, the ascertained capacity display is correct and keeps its In the event that the counter Z3,126 has the highest value, the step switches 128,129 in capacity increasing Direction switched. The stepper 133 for the display unit 132 is not addressed and remains in the displayed State. Subsequently, the counter contents are deleted by the time raster encoder 135. According to the stepping switch positions, the values of the reference line memory 130 and the Resting line memory 131 used for comparison. According to the position of the stepper 133, the current capacity state in the display unit 132 by the Display elements 134 are displayed. When the capacity indicator = 20%, a relay 141 is additionally actuated. This is an unillustrated lifting motor Safety reasons switched off. If all loads on the battery are switched off, which is detected by a signal changer on the OR gate 106,

the switch 136 falls in its drawn rest position and outputs the measured value Ue from the integrator 110 to the

Comparator 140, which compares this cutoff value at input D with the direct reference line value at input C and into the

corresponding counter 124,125 and 126 enters (comparison with the reference line at load shutdown).

Via an inverter 137, a time-delaying switch 138 is briefly actuated after 120 seconds (idle time), so that once the Mean value To put from the mean value generator 111 on the switch 112 to another comparator 139, this Value corresponding to the position of the stepper switch 129 with the value of the rest line memory 131 compares and accordingly

in the counters 124,125 and 126 enters. The entries by the comparators 123, 140 and 139 have different

Weightings. Display elements 134 in the display unit 132 can be used both as lamps, light-emitting diodes or LCO segmonts (bars).

be educated.

The Fig. Β contains for performing the method particularly advantageous features in the assignment of the switching elements

and switch assemblies.

Fig. 7 shows schematically a display device with a display panel 70. This display panel has symbols 71,72 for the Clarification of a battery connection and is also in Balkenfelder73 ... 75,76. .. as symbols for display elements 134

divided up. These bar fields cover the field of view 77 when the battery is fully charged. Beispielswelse this is then ten display fields. These are deleted in accordance with the battery discharge, according to. above representations a deletion step always by comparison measurements also in connection with the determination of an interpolated

Voltage for each measuring step takes place. The arrangement of such a display panel is kept for voi geous. Referring to Fig. 5, the device of Fig. 7, generally designated 78, is a circuit input

provided, which contains the analog-to-digital converter 23 in connection to the battery. Due to various measurements, the integration and averaging of the measured values is produced in a circuit assembly 79 (110, 1111 in FIG.

Another assembly corresponding to 27 in Fig. 5 (or 106 in Fig. 6) has the three inputs 28 to 30 and the output terminal

to the evaluation device 25 corresponding to FIG. 5 in the embodiment as a microprocessor, with which also the

Circuit assembly 79 is connected, or according to the downstream modules in Fig.6. In the following method step 80, the curve shells are then formed in an ordinate system, as is the case in principle Fig. 3 shows, with just the rest line 7 a and the reference line 8 are shown. The reference line may be related to Ordinate V / Z will be moved. The abscissa in the manner described becomes the values for a respective capacity

taken.

This results in a further process stage 81, represented symbolically by a plane 81, above the respective one Battery capacity playback of various values. An integration of such values, depending on a time grid 82, leads

then gem. Function arrow 83 to a downshift of the display device, d. H. to a deletion of the field when integrated

Measurements for a discharge have led to a corresponding capacity reduction. Parallel to this will be

Accordingly, the intersection line 80a carried in the process step 80 to the new capacity value.

Claims (22)

1. A method for determining the respective state of charge of a lead acid battery under alternating load with the introduction of reference values, characterized in that a reference line is provided as a reference value from which a determined at a load application AU value is subtracted and correspondingly this reference line to a new load Reference line is shifted, which is adapted in load change according to a newly determined AU value. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that reference values for the respective state of charge in the form of reference voltage values under alternating load by interpolation are generated. 3. The method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the reference line is determined experimentally by taking a load from the charged battery and fixed division of the value, which sets in a short time after the decrease of the load, for a measuring point of the reference line a multiple -Messßwertaufnahme and an integration of these measurements takes place. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that for the determination of a reference voltage value at a distance in the order of 100msec several measured values are determined and integrated and that from these integration values for the displacement of the reference line an average value is formed. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a plurality of measured values in the number of an order of magnitude of 5 to 25 are determined. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the integration values are checked for deviations in the order of 0.01 V / Z and from about ten integration values within the deviation limits the mean value is formed. (V / Z = volts / cell) 7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a voltage plateau is continuously written and formed from each last ten means and that in deviation of the order of 0.05 V / Z, a new plateau for a new operating state is devalued and then the reference value is shifted with the new value. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a rest line is determined with a time of 120 seconds after a load shutdown and that the operating condition of the battery is checked in relation to the rest line and in response signals are influenced. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the respective capacity of the battery of the battery size with respect to the discharge current, the load in the form of constant current or intermittent current, the age and temperature of the battery and the previous treatment of the battery Charging, charging and discharging, characterized in that the respective capacity is detected by a comparison between the rest line and the reference line, wherein the respective value is determined by displacement of the reference line in response to the load. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for each KapazitätszustanJ the voltage difference from the intersection with the reference line is measured and the determined load characteristic line is checked as a current characteristic as a shifted reference line with the criteria of a static load case. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that for the static load case, a difference between two adjacent average values and is compared with a reference value, wherein at a smaller difference than the order of etvva 0.005 V / Z the course of the shifted reference line as current Load characteristic is followed and with a larger difference a new plateau is awaited. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that when the voltage for the next lower capacity value is exceeded, in response to a change of 10%, a display switching is provided. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in a measurement cycle in the battery discharge, a first measurement after a time in the order of 540 see and the following measurements in a repetitive cycle after a time in the order of 180 see be carried out until the capacity is exhausted. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that for determining the respective curves, reference line and / or shifted or current reference line a single voltage value, which is composed of several, in particular in the range of 5 to 26, preferably 16 Untermeßwerten , is determined, and that if a deviation from an adjacent single voltage value exceeds a defined limit, a load change is assumed and a further shift of the reference line for updating occurs until the limit is met. 15. Device for determining the respective state of charge of a lead acid battery with a microcomputer and visual display with storage of predetermined characteristics and connections to the battery and with switches for switching on and off of the battery, characterized by a voltage meter on the battery, which receives measurements for under load standing battery, for the battery disconnected from the load and for a voltage value at the battery after the load has been applied, the voltmeter is provided with a timer which can be triggered by switch actuation and provides a measured value indication under a limit determined by the timer. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that a Zeitmeßglied is provided for a time adjustment in the order of 100msec. 17. The apparatus of claim 15 or 16, characterized in that a recording and / or memory means is provided for the detected measured values and measured values are formed in dependence of selected Batteriekapaziiäten in the course of a battery discharge and combined to form a curve. 18. Device according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that a value displacement means is provided, by which a measured voltage value on the battery after load engagement with its upper end is displaceable to a reference value in a reference line, which experimentally involving a discharge the battery results from a load in a short time. 19. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that three comparators (123, 140, 139) each having three inputs (A, B, C, D, F, E) and three outputs connected in parallel are arranged which the inputs (A, B) of the one comparator (123) with the difference value from the reference line and the voltage value AU, d. H. the value of the shifted or actual reference line and the other-) input with the mean voltage Um is fed, wä! in that one input C of a second comparator (140) is fed with the reference value of the reference line and the other input D with the integration value after the voltage cutoff, and on the third comparator (139) the one input F with the voltage value after the load cutoff after 120 sec the other input Emit is fed to the reference value of the idle memory (131). 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the three outputs connected in parallel three counters (124,125,126) are supplied and the counted values after a certain time, especially in the initial time in the order of 540 see and in the following steps at a distance 180see, measured by a time frame, and the measured maximum pulse is compared to either three stepping switch units (133) for a reference device (132) and (128,129) for the reference line memory (130) and the common line memory (131) for downshifting (downshifting) be supplied or signals are output for larger deviations from the mean value for upshifting the stepping switch (128,129). 21. Device according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that a display device (132) as a bar display with bar springs (73 ... 76) is provided for display elements (134) and that bar fields are switched off at 10% depreciation. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that in the display device (132) signal indications for 30% and 20% of the remaining capacity of a battery are arranged as a marker.