CZ33472U1 - Engine preheating equipment in stationary backup power sources - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to the field of power engineering, where the back-up systems of building management, laboratories, data storage, crisis state infrastructure control equipment, telephone exchanges and other similar equipment are equipped with back-up power sources with high activation speed. low temperature deceleration or malfunction of the start sequence.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Most developed countries guarantee their citizens the supply of basic social commodities such as water and waste disposal, electricity, heat, etc. Above all, electricity distribution is crucial for the current level of human society. Without electricity, households will have no light, heat, no information flows, such as telephone, television, radio or the Internet, and most factories or shops will not operate. Security and control equipment in transport, security systems of state protection will not work or valuable data stored on electronic storage media may be lost. Therefore, electrical wiring is one of the national protection priorities. However, disproportionately increasing demand and the need for the amount of electricity supplied, besides the risk of, for example, a terrorist attack on the electricity grid, an increasing risk of overloading the older, for the current need for undersized wiring and power outages also globally referred to as "Blackout".

For this reason, important operations, information networks, central offices and data repositories, as well as the military strategic structures of the Early Warning and Alert System, Air Defense, etc., are secured against unexpected outages of electricity supply by back-up sources of this energy. Depending on the speed of response to outages, the fastest battery backups are the fastest, but these currently represent mainly shorter deliveries, lower outputs. Longer-term longer-term deliveries are then solved by back-up power generators with an internal combustion engine drive.

A combined building backup system is known from US 20040134533. The building, which is normally connected to the municipal water, gas and electricity distribution, has its own water and gas reservoirs and its own generator with an internal combustion engine, which are activated in case of interruption of standard supplies, eg during natural disasters, etc. backup reservoirs and resources will ensure the supply of basic needs for the whole house for several days and weeks.

Climatic conditions represent some of the pitfalls of backup power systems with internal combustion engines. The engines and sliding surfaces are lubricated with oils and greases of appropriate viscosity. However, this viscosity decreases as the temperature decreases, and on the contrary it increases by heating, and thus the frictional resistance of the components changes. This, coupled with the fact that the engine often contains a heavy flywheel itself or in a generator set, which also needs to be spun, results in impaired engine start-up at low temperatures, especially in winter months and cold areas. Therefore, it is suitable and used to preheat the engine so that it always has the optimal start temperature. However, this means either a preheating system that activates in an emergency and warms the engine to operating temperature before start, but at the risk of a relatively longer activation delay, or continuous heating, which in turn entails a permanent cost of this preheating even when not operationally necessary . Fuel from internal combustion engines also suffers from low temperatures, as liquidity decreases during solidification, water crystals are formed, and the fuel is gelling until the filters or fuel lines are blocked. The solidification of the fuel concerns mainly diesel, less petrol.

- 1 GB 33472 U1

From CN 105114229, a preheating system for diesel fuel is known. The function of heating in the classical fuel circuit is fulfilled by a coarse fuel filter, which also serves as an electric heater. The free circulation of fuel then ensures the gradual heating of the entire fuel system and fuel, even in the fuel tank. The system is controlled by a control unit that evaluates the fuel temperature in each part of the fuel system using temperature sensors.

From the patent document CZ / EP 2567083 a preheating device for preheating large diesel engines is known. In this case, they are engines for heavy railway machines and locomotives, which need optimal conditions for their starting and high starting power of the starter and without preheating, these engines practically start in cold winter weather. Preheating is carried out by means of an engine cooling system in which the coolant is heated by electric preheating or by preheating by an auxiliary internal combustion engine. The preheating is again controlled by a central unit with thermostatic sensors.

It is well known to those skilled in the art to utilize heat pumps in various modifications, such as water-water, water, gas, gas-water, to extract thermal energy from low temperature sources such as outside air, water from an underground well, and convert it into a high temperature source. thermal energy usable for heating buildings.

To reduce the risk of data center disruption, data center owners install uninterruptible power sources, which often include battery banks, to provide short-term power supplies and backup generators running continuously or available at short notice to minimize startup time. Even when the generator is not running, it is advisable to keep the generator warm to facilitate its quick start. Thus, such a back-up power system consumes energy, even under conditions when the back-up power is not in operation. However, they ensure that servers can remain powered even if power supply from the national grid fails locally or globally.

The main problem of electronic components is that the passage of electric current through the circuits creates an electrical resistance manifested by the conversion of electric energy into thermal energy. Therefore, data and similar electronic centers are large heat generators. However, heat can damage components by overheating, so heat must be removed and the centers cooled to maintain the operating temperature in the room. For this purpose, cooling units are used, often also backed-up, since their operation must also be ensured in 24/7 mode. A solution of cooling systems with a backup power source is described in GB 2478811.

The disadvantage of most back-up systems currently in use is that although data centers generate a large amount of thermal energy, this is taken and eliminated by further consumption of power to drive cooling systems, without any benefit.

The task of the technical solution is to design such a device which would extract and accumulate the thermal energy generated by the operation of the data center and back-up systems and subsequently use it for preheating engines and fuel in the stationary back-up sources of these centers. of the generator in the preheated state.

The essence of the technical solution

The deficiencies of the known technical solutions are solved by the proposed device for preheating internal combustion engines in stationary backup power sources, especially in server centers, data storage, telephone exchanges, substations and control centers, which use for continuous continuous preheating of internal combustion engine. The electricity from the central power grid will power the backup generator of electricity, the heat produced by the electrical components of these supplied server and other centers.

-2 GB 33472 U1

The heat energy is collected by means of a heat pump and the storage and distribution system heats the engine cooling circuit and the room where the engine and generator are stored.

The apparatus for preheating in internal combustion engines in stationary backup power sources comprises at least one internal combustion engine with an electrical generator connected to a heat exchanger fluid heated by an external heat source. The internal combustion engine according to the present invention is connected to a first heat transfer fluid circuit passing through one side of the heat exchanger. The apparatus further comprises at least a one-stage heat storage tank storing heat in its internal structure. A second heat transfer fluid circuit, which is connected to the other side of the heat exchanger, passes through the storage tank.

The external heat source in this technical solution is a liquid-liquid heat pump system, a cooling exchanger and a low-temperature heat source. The cooling heat exchanger absorbs the air heat generated by the low-temperature source and, via the fifth circuit of the heat transfer fluid line, transfers the low heat to the heat pump, which transforms it into heat of higher temperatures. The heat pump is connected by its high temperature heat transfer fluid outlet to the heat transfer fluid inlet to the heat storage tank. The heat transfer fluid outlet from the storage tank is connected to the heat pump fluid inlet via the circulation pump. The interconnection of the heat pump with the storage tank creates a third circuit of the heat transfer fluid line. According to this invention, the low temperature heat source is electronic components and / or heat emitting devices in their normal operation. The apparatus further comprises a control unit for controlling individual parts of the apparatus.

Preferably, the internal combustion engine is liquid cooled. The heat exchanger has two parts, a high pressure part and a low pressure part, which are separated from each other by a heat exchange partition. The heat transfer fluid outlet from the engine coolant circuit is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet to the high pressure section of the heat exchanger. The heat transfer fluid outlet from the high-pressure part of the heat exchanger is connected via a circulation pump to the heat transfer fluid inlet to the engine coolant cooling circuit. The interconnection of the engine coolant circuit with the high pressure part of the heat exchanger forms the first circuit of the heat transfer fluid line.

In another preferred embodiment, the heat storage tank is a two-stage process to generate two different output temperature ranges in two separate thermal coils. A low temperature spiral generating lower temperatures is arranged at the bottom of the heat storage tank. The heat transfer fluid outlet from the low temperature coil is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet to the heat emitter. This lower temperature heat is used in this preferred embodiment to heat a room where a backup power generator is stored and an internal combustion engine to drive it. The heat exchanger fluid outlet from the heat emitter is recirculated via the circulation pump to the heat exchanger fluid inlet to the low temperature coil at the bottom of the heat storage tank. The interconnection of the low temperature coil and the heat emitter creates a fourth circuit of the heat transfer fluid line.

In another preferred embodiment, the high temperature spiral is arranged in the upper part of the heat storage tank. The heat transfer fluid outlet from the high temperature coil is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet to the low pressure portion of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger liquid outlet from the low-pressure part of the heat exchanger is connected via a circulation pump back to the heat exchanger liquid inlet to the high-temperature coil. The interconnection of the high temperature coil with the low pressure part of the heat exchanger creates a second circuit of the heat transfer fluid line.

In another preferred embodiment, the refrigerant used in the heat pump is carbon dioxide. This design allows the heat pump to produce heat of higher temperatures, which can also be obtained from low-temperature sources.

-3 GB 33472 U1

In another preferred embodiment, the electric power generator is an internal combustion engine generator with an external cooling system. The heat transfer fluid outlet from the engine coolant circuit is fed via a three-way control valve to the engine cooler and / or to the heat transfer fluid inlet to the high pressure section of the heat exchanger. The heat transfer fluid flow mode will depend on the mode of the engine function, when the engine is switched off, it will heat up and on the other hand it will cool down. According to this invention, the heat transfer fluid outlet from the high pressure part of the heat exchanger and / or the radiator is returned via a circulation pump to the heat transfer fluid inlet to the engine coolant cooling circuit.

In another preferred embodiment, the control unit is electrically and data coupled to a thermal sensor connected in an external engine cooling system, a thermal sensor connected in a first circuit, and a thermal sensor and a circulation pump connected in a second circuit of the heat transfer fluid line. This connection ensures the control and control of the cooling and heating cycle of the internal combustion engine, depending on the climatic conditions and the operating state of the engine. The control unit is also electrically and data interconnected with the heat sensor and the circulation pump of the second circuit with the circulation pump of the fourth circuit, with the storage tank, the heat emitter and the storage tank heat sensor. This connection ensures control and control of the heat exchange between the storage tank and the heat exchanger and the storage tank and the heat emitter. The control unit is also electrically and data interconnected with the heat sensor and the circulation pump of the third circuit and with the heat pump, for heat exchange between the heat pump and the storage tank.

The main advantage of the technical solution is the savings in the field of operation economics and the increase in the ecology of operation of back-up power sources with the combustion engine drive. While continuous heating by means of an electric heating device is one of the most economically expensive, heating by means of an afterburner is one of the least environmentally friendly solutions. This technical solution uses the classical knowledge of the heat pump function and the fact that the electrical circuitry generates considerable heat due to the resistance, which must be cooled against overheating and suggests that heat instead of cooling at the expense of refrigeration equipment, removed, accumulated and reused for heating that is, the preheating of the internal combustion engine when it is out of operation and thus does not produce its own heat.

Clarification of drawings

The technical solution will be explained in more detail by means of a drawing which shows:

Giant. 1 schematic connection of individual parts of the device

Giant. 2 shows a schematic connection of the control unit with the individual elements of the device and an indication of the inputs and outputs of the heat exchanger

Examples of technical solutions

According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the device 7 for preheating internal combustion engines 2 in stationary backup power sources comprises at least one internal combustion engine 2 with an electric energy generator 26 connected to a heat exchanger fluid heated by an external heat source. The internal combustion engine 2 is connected to the first heat transfer fluid circuit 3 passing through one side of the heat exchanger 4, the heat transfer fluid of the first circuit 3 taking heat from the heat exchanger 4 and transmitting it to the engine 2. The device further comprises at least a one-stage heat storage accumulator 5 its internal structure of heat. A second heat transfer fluid circuit 6 is connected to the storage tank 5, which is connected to the other side of the heat exchanger 4. The heat transfer fluid of this second circuit 6 takes heat from the storage tank 5 and transfers it to the first circuit via the heat exchanger 4.

3.

-4GB 33472 U1

The external heat source in the present invention is a liquid-liquid heat pump assembly 7, a heat exchanger 32 and a low temperature heat source 10, where the heat pump 7 is coupled to a cooling heat exchanger 32 via a heat transfer fluid line 31. The cooling exchanger 32 absorbs the air heat generated by the low temperature. by means of a heat exchanger 10 and through the fifth circuit 31 of the heat transfer fluid line, this low heat is transferred to the heat pump 7, which transforms it into heat of higher temperatures. The heat pump 7 is connected by its high temperature heat transfer fluid outlet 8 to the heat transfer fluid inlet 25 to the storage tank 5. The heat transfer fluid outlet 25 'from the storage tank 5 is connected via a circulation pump 17 to the heat transfer fluid inlet 8' to the heat pump 7. 7 with accumulator 5, the third circuit 9 forms a heat transfer fluid line. The low temperature heat source 10 according to the present invention are electronic components and / or heat emitting devices in their normal operation. The device 1 further comprises a control unit 11 for controlling the individual parts of the device E

The internal combustion engine 2 is liquid-cooled according to this invention. The heat exchanger 4 has two parts 12, 12 'a high pressure part 12 and a low pressure part 12'. This construction makes it possible to safely separate two fluid systems from which different working pressures are present, and at the same time to transfer the necessary heat through the heat exchange baffle 13 without restriction. The heat transfer fluid outlet 14 from the engine coolant cooling circuit 29 is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet 16 to the high pressure section 12 of the heat exchanger 4. The heat transfer fluid outlet 16 'from the high pressure section 12 of the heat exchanger 4 is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet 14'. The cooling circuit 29 of the engine shell 2 is connected to the high pressure part 12 of the heat exchanger 4 to form the first circuit 3 of the heat transfer fluid line.

The heat storage tank 5 is of two stages allowing two different output temperature ranges to be generated in two separate thermal coils 18, 18 '. A low temperature spiral 18 generating lower temperatures is disposed at the bottom of the heat storage tank 5. The heat transfer fluid outlet 20 from the low temperature coil 18 is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet 21 to the heat emitter 22. This lower temperature heat is used in this preferred embodiment to heat the room where the backup power generator 26 is stored with an internal combustion engine 2. be used also for space heating, where fuel for internal combustion engine is stored. The heat transfer fluid outlet 21 'from the heat emitter 22 is recirculated via a circulation pump 17 to the heat transfer fluid inlet 20' into the low temperature spiral 18 at the bottom of the heat storage tank 5. The interconnection of the low temperature coil 18 and the heat emitter 22 forms a fourth circuit 23 for conduction of the heat transfer fluid.

The high temperature spiral 18 'is arranged in the upper part of the heat storage tank 5. The heat transfer fluid outlet 19 of the high temperature coil 18 'is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet 24 to the low pressure section 12' of the heat exchanger 4. The heat transfer fluid outlet 24 'from the low pressure section 12' of the heat exchanger 4 is reconnected via the circulation pump 17 to the heat transfer inlet 19 '. The interconnection of the high temperature coil 18 'with the low pressure portion 12' of the heat exchanger 4 forms the second circuit 6 of the heat transfer fluid conduit.

The refrigerant used in the heat pump 7 is carbon dioxide. This construction allows the heat pump 7 to produce heat of higher temperatures, which can also be obtained from low-temperature sources 10.

The power generator 26 is a generator with an internal combustion engine 2 with an external cooling system 27. The heat transfer fluid outlet 14 from the engine coolant circuit 29 is distributed via a three-way control valve 28 to the radiator 15 of the engine 2 and / or the heat transfer fluid inlet 16 to the high pressure section. The heat exchanger flow rate will depend on the mode of operation of the motor 2 and the degree of its heating. If the engine 2 is heated to full operating temperature, the heat transfer fluid is further provided by the three-way control valve 28

When the engine 2 is switched off, it will heat up from the standby device 1 and, when the engine 2 is switched on, the engine 2 will cool. The heat exchanger liquid outlet 16 'from the high pressure part 12 of the heat exchanger 4 and / or from the radiator 15 is brought back according to the present invention via a circulating pump 17 which is constantly in operation in order to continuously monitor the engine block temperature and keep it at a minimum the desired starting temperature, at the inlet 14 ' of the heat transfer fluid to the cooling circuit 29 of the engine housing 2. The measurement is made by the second sensor 6 thermal sensor 30 and the external cooling system thermal sensor 27. wherein the three-way control valve 28 maintains the heat transfer fluid flow only within the first circuit 3 and does not open the heat transfer fluid flow towards the radiator 15.

According to FIG. 2, the control unit 11 is electrically and data interconnected with a thermal sensor 30 connected in the external cooling system 27 of the engine 2, a thermal sensor 30 connected in the first circuit 3 and a thermal sensor 30 and a circulation pump 17 connected in the second circuit 6 of the heat transfer fluid line. . These interfaces provide for sensing and evaluating the temperature parameters of the first circuit 3 and controlling the cooling and heating cycles of the internal combustion engine 2 depending on the climatic conditions and the operating condition of the engine 2. At the same time the control unit 11 is electrically and data connected to the temperature sensor 30 and the circulation pump 17 of the second circuit 6 with the circulation pump 17 of the fourth circuit 23, with the storage tank 5, the heat emitter 22 and the heat sensor 30 of the storage tank 5. This connection ensures control and control of the heat exchange between the storage tank 5 and the heat exchanger 4 and the storage tank 5 and the heat emitter 22. the unit 11 is further electrically and data interconnected with the heat sensor 30 and the circulation pump 17 of the third circuit 9 and with the heat pump 7, for the heat exchange between the heat pump 7 and the storage tank 5. In case the motor 2 is running, The processes controlled by the control unit 11 in the heat transfer fluid line circuits 6, 9 and 23 are stopped.

Industrial applicability

The technical solution can be used in the field of energy, information technology and crisis management to secure strategic and otherwise important electronic centers, which in case of main power supply failures are supplied from back-up sources, for longer operation when the back-up generator is powered by internal combustion engine.

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Claims (7)

Apparatus (1) for preheating internal combustion engines (2) in stationary backup power sources, in particular for server centers, data storage, telephone exchanges, substations and control centers, comprising at least one internal combustion engine (2) with an electric generator (26) energy connected to the heat transfer fluid heated by an external heat source, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (2) is connected to a first heat transfer fluid circuit (3) passing through one side of the heat exchanger (4), and the device (1) further comprises at least one stage a heat storage tank (5) passing through the second heat transfer fluid circuit (6) connected to the other side of the heat exchanger (4), wherein the external heat source is a liquid-liquid heat pump (7), cooling coil (32) and low temperature 10) heat, wherein the heat pump is the fifth heat transfer circuit (31) The heat pump (7) is coupled by its high temperature heat transfer fluid outlet (8) to the heat transfer fluid inlet (25) to the heat storage reservoir (5) and the heat transfer fluid outlet (25 ') from the heat exchanger (32). the storage tank (5) is connected via a circulation pump (17) to the heat transfer fluid inlet (8 ') to the heat pump (7), which thus form a third circuit (9) with each other The heat transfer fluid, and the low temperature heat source (10) are electronic components and / or heat emitting apparatus in its normal operation, and the apparatus further comprises a control unit (11) for controlling the individual parts of the apparatus (1). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine (2) is a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine (2), and the heat exchanger (4) has a high-pressure part (12) and a low-pressure part (12 ') separated from each other by a heat exchange partition. (13), wherein the heat transfer fluid outlet (14) of the engine coolant (2) cooling circuit (29) is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet (16) to the high pressure section (12) of the heat exchanger (4) and the heat transfer fluid outlet (16 ') from the high-pressure part (12) of the heat exchanger (4) it is connected via a circulation pump (17) to the inlet (14 ') of the heat exchange fluid to the cooling circuit (29) of the motor housing (2). Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the heat storage tank (5) is of two stages for generating two different temperature ranges in two separate thermal coils (18, 18 '), the low temperature coil (18) being arranged in a a lower part of the heat storage tank (5), wherein the heat transfer fluid outlet (20) from the coil (18) is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet (21) to the heat emitter (22) for room heating with a backup power generator (26) and motor 2), the heat transfer fluid outlet (21 ') from the heat emitter (22) is connected via a circulation pump (17) to the heat transfer fluid inlet (20') into the low temperature coil (18) of the lower heat storage reservoir (5) to form a fourth a heat transfer fluid circuit (23), the high temperature coil (18 ') being disposed at the top of the heat storage tank (5), wherein the heat transfer cap (19) The high temperature coil (18 ') from the upper part of the heat storage tank (5) is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet (24) to the low pressure section (12') of the heat exchanger (4) and the heat transfer fluid outlet (24 ') from the low pressure section (12). 1 ') of the heat exchanger (4) is connected via a circulation pump (17) to the heat transfer fluid inlet (19') into the high temperature coil (18 ') of the heat storage tank (5). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat pump (7) is a carbon dioxide heat pump (7). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electric energy generator (26) is a generator with an internal combustion engine (2) with an external cooling system (27), the heat transfer fluid outlet (14) from the cooling circuit (29). ) of the motor casing (2) is led through a three-way control valve (28) to the radiator (15) of the motor (2) and / or to the heat transfer fluid inlet (16) to the high pressure part (12) of the heat exchanger (4); ') the heat transfer fluid from the high pressure part (12) of the heat exchanger (4) and / or from the radiator (15) is returned via a circulation pump (17) to the heat transfer fluid inlet (14') to the cooling circuit (29) ). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control unit (11) is electrically and data-connected to a thermal sensor (30) connected in the external cooling system (27) of the motor (2), to the thermal sensor (30). ) connected in the first circuit (3) and with the heat sensor (30) and the circulation pump (17) connected in the second circuit (6) of the heat transfer fluid line, to control the cooling and heating cycle of the internal combustion engine (2) motor (2), at the same time the control unit (11) is electrically and data interconnected with the temperature sensor (30) and with the circulation pump (17) of the second circuit (6) with the circulation pump (17) of the fourth circuit (23), ), a heat emitter (22) and a heat sensor (30) of the storage tank (5), for controlling the heat exchange between the storage tank (5) and the exchanger (4) and the storage tank (5) and the heat emitter (2) 2), wherein the control unit (11) is further electrically and data interconnected With a heat sensor (30) and a circulation pump (17) of the third circuit (9) and a heat pump (7) for heat exchange between the heat pump (7) and the storage tank (5).