CZ26200U1 - Material for ballistic protection - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to new materials for ballistic protection and stab protection, particularly suitable for body armor, modern protective helmets, personal armor, for the protection of light infantry and passenger cars.

Background Art

In the field of flexible materials for ballistic protection and material combinations, many improvements are still being made to maintain contact with ballistic technology developments. US 3,841,954 discloses a laminated panel or plate formed from multiple layers of fabric sewn together and compressed by heat and pressure. This creates a solid panel for use as a personal armor component. US 3,509,833 discloses a flexible armor made of ceramic plates affixed to a cross-ply laminated flexible fiber substrate. U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,871 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,351 propose a flexible armor comprising multiple layers of woven polyaramid fiber, e.g., a material sold under the brand KEVLAR. U.S. Pat. No. 4,608,717 proposes a flexible armor comprising a plurality of layers of polyaramid fibers in combination with an interlayer of foam, foam or felt material. The layers are stitched together into an integral flexible panel. U.S. Pat. No. 3,924,038 discloses a multilayer panel suitable for bulletproof pilots or as a temporary covering of standing aircraft or equipment in a combat zone. The panel is designed to protect against fragments flying off during ammunition explosions. The multilayer panel comprises an inner liner layer of nylon fabric and felt, an interlayer of honeycomb structure and an outer protective layer of ceramic plates. The honeycomb structure of the interlayer serves to reinforce the panel into an inflexible structure. US 5,060,314 discloses a protective jacket made of a flexible ballistic fabric having inner pockets for inserting hard armor inserts. Additional shoulder pads have flotation pads designed to float in the water. U.S. Pat. No. 3,867,239, U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,707 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,633,756 disclose armor panels comprising multiple cured plates arranged in multiple layers on a fabric substrate.

US 7,825,045 discloses a personal armor formed by sewing from polymeric fibers impregnated with a particle suspension in a liquid that exhibits dilatant fluid properties (viscosity increase with strain rate, type of non-Newtonian fluid). However, impregnation imposes some limitations, eg limiting the size of the particles, it is not possible to use nanoparticles that increase viscosity and thus prevent impregnation. Moreover, the prior art uses the principle of forming ordered structures due to high speed shear. The dilatant liquid is therefore a low viscosity solution, most often polyethylene glycol, and contains a high amount of solid particles. Another variant of the dilatant flexible system is a mixture of two types of molecules whose structure is flexible at low shear rates to allow them to move relative to each other due to low molecular friction, but at high speeds there is a sharp increase in molecular friction leading to dilative rheological response.

Ballistic protection materials known to date have a high weight and a lack of flexibility, which limits their use.

The essence of the technical solution

The present technical solution provides a flexible material for ballistic protection, eg for personal armor, comprising:

- more compact layers (laminates, mats) of ballistic fibers, and

- between at least one intermediate layer of non-Newtonian fluid between the layers of ballistic fibers, exhibiting a viscosity increase with a strain rate (i.e., a stiffening agent), optionally containing particles in the range of 1 to 700 nm, or agents having antiplastic properties,

These are arranged directly between the layers of ballistic fibers or arranged between the layers on the carrier (e.g. plastic or fiber) or the perforated carrier.

The carrier may be a plastic, for example polyethylene terephthalate, or a carrier fabric, for example polyester (PET), polyamide (PA), liquid crystal (commercial Zylon) or polyethylene (UHMWPE). However, this carrier fabric is not identical to the compact layer of ballistic fibers, preferably a nanofibrous fabric, i.e. having fibers having a size in the order of hundreds of nanometers.

The ballistic fiber compact layer can be any ballistic fabric. Ballistic fabrics are well known to those skilled in the art. An example is a compact ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) ballistic fabric commercially marketed, for example, under the trademark Dyneema or Spectra. It is also possible to use layers of ballistic fibers of polyaromatic amides (commercial name eg Kevlar) or liquid crystal fibers (commercial name eg Zylon).

Thus, the present invention is not concerned with the impregnation of fibers, but with their bonding between a layer of non-Newtonian fluid, which is either applied in the form of a thermoplastic material in a rubbery state directly on the fiber layer (so that the layers of fibers stick together) or arranged on a carrier or perforated carrier. In this way, the layers need not be stapled, but they are connected through interlayers. This allows the layers to move relative to each other under normal conditions, thus providing greater flexibility to the material for ballistic protection, e.g., personal armor, but solidifying in the ballistic impact, which will greatly increase the thickness of the compact ballistic fiber layer involved in the bullet or shrapnel. Preferably, the interlayer has a thickness of up to 0.5 mm.

Materials having non-Newtonian fluid properties exhibiting viscosity growth with strain rate are known. Particularly suitable non-Newtonian fluids are, for example, mixtures of oligomers based on acrylate monomers of different side chain lengths, polyurethanes based on methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) with ester or ether polyols or polyols based on oxidized cellulose, based on styrene-butadiene / polyterpene / dipentene macromonomers . Thermoplastic polyurethanes, styrene butadiene rubbers and other linear and slightly cross-linked (0 to 20%) amorphous polymers with a glass transition temperature lower than -40 ° C are also preferred. These liquids may further comprise nanoparticles, preferably silicate particles, cellulose particles, alumina, and these particles may be of any shape, for example spherical, needle-shaped, plate-like. Applicable types of filler particles include pyrolytic and colloidal silica, various POSS particle variants (polyhedral silsesquioxane), laponite, particles or whiskers of Al ₂ O ₃ , cellulose whiskers and nanocrystals, ZrO ₂ particles, graphene. C60, carbon nanotubes or a suitable hybrid combination of the above particles. Preferably, hierarchical submicron particles in the form of nanoparticle clusters can also be used. Antiplasticizers can also be used to achieve the dilatant behavior of liquids. Antiplasticizing agents are molecules that reduce the mobility of polymer segments at high strain rates. The choice of suitable antiplastic agents depends on the liquid used. Useful antiplastic agents include, for example, chlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls, polystyrene glycols, abietyl derivatives, oligomeric amides terminated by both amino and carboxyl groups, dimethylmethylphosphonate, 4-hydroxyacetanilide, and 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane. To achieve a minimum surface density, the particles and antiplastic agents can be combined.

Preferably, a foam layer is arranged on the inside of the material (the catching side, i.e. on the side facing the object to be protected, e.g. the body of the wearer of the personal armor), which separates the protective skin from the body of the wearer so that the deformation of the shell by the impact of the projectile is absorbed by the foam layer. not a protected object, such as the wearer's body. For example, polyethylene foam, polyurethane and the like can be used.

The protective agent of the invention is capable of protecting against Type IIIA ballistic missiles (as defined by the National Institute of Justice Standard 0101.03), equivalent to a 44 Magnum projectile weighing 15.5 grams incoming at 450 m / s, or 9 mm all-metal sheathed missiles weighing 8 grams at 450 m / s. Shot protection requires that the target be deformed in the direction of the projectile by less than 44 millimeters. Values

The speed of the V50 test is higher than 500 m / s, mostly above 600 m / s, while the minimum required by the US standard is 430 m / s, the existing products usually have a capture speed of up to 600 m / s. Furthermore, the new material has a 20 to 25% lower basis weight than existing products.

The present invention is particularly suited for the production of personal armor, for example, equipment for military personnel, peacekeeping forces or other persons who must be protected against killing or bullet injury.

Description of the attached image

FIG. 1 Schematic representation of a possible arrangement of layers of flexible material for ballistic protection.

ίο N - fire side. Z - catching side (facing the protected object), BV - compact layer of ballistic fabric based on ultra-high-molecular polyethylene. NNK - layer of stiffening material (non-Newtonian liquid), P - layer of foam in contact with the wearer. Examples of technical solutions

Example 1: Preparation of materials for ballistic protection

X3M material

Three layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compact ballistic fabric sold commercially, for example, under the brand name Dyneema or Spectra (hereinafter also referred to as mats or lamines) were joined by spherical SiO styrene-butadiene / polyterpen / dipentene-based adhesive. ₂ nanoparticles and their clusters.

The size of primary nanoparticles is in the range of 1 to 20 nm, clusters can reach up to 500 nm. This adhesive formed a thin, evenly distributed film with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm. The three mats formed a triple layer.

In total, five triple layers on the firing side and ten separate mats were used to build the material. The last layer on the trap side was a foamed polyethylene (PE) washer used to dampen the impact of the projectile.

The resulting X3M material is suitable, for example, for flexible personal armor.

Material X2

Three layers of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compact ballistic fabric commercially marketed, for example, under the trademark Dyneema or Spectra (hereinafter also referred to as mats or lamines) have been joined to form a triple layer. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was used to join the three mats as a thin-layered, stiffening acrylate-based adhesive with spherical SiO ₂ nanoparticles and their clusters. The size of the primary nanoparticles is in the range of 1 to 20 nm, clusters can reach up to 500 nm. The adhesive formed a thin, evenly distributed film with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.

In total, ten separate mats on the firing side and five triple layers were used to assemble the sample. The last layer was a foam PE pad to dampen the impact of the projectile.

The resulting X2 material is suitable, for example, for flexible personal armor.

Material X2-TOP

Three layers of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compact ballistic fabric commercially sold under the brand name Dyneema or Spectra (hereinafter

The mats or laminates are joined together to form a triple layer. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was used to join the three mats as a thin film-coated acrylate monomer-based SiO2 nanoparticle-based deformation-reinforcing adhesive layer and cluster. The size of primary nanoparticles is in the range of 1 to 20 nm, clusters can reach up to 500 nm. The adhesive formed a thin, evenly distributed film with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.

In total, five triple layers on the firing side and ten separate mats were used to assemble the sample. The last layer was a foam PE pad to dampen the impact of the projectile.

The resulting X2-TOP material is suitable, for example, for flexible personal armor.

Material X2-M

Three layers of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compact ballistic fabric commercially marketed, for example, under the trademark Dyneema or Spectra (hereinafter also referred to as mats or lamines) have been joined to form a triple layer. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was used to join the three mats as a thin-layered S1O2 nanoparticle-based acrylate monomer-based deformation-reinforcing adhesive layer and their clusters. The size of primary nanoparticles is in the range of 1 to 20 nm, clusters can reach up to 500 nm. The adhesive formed a thin, evenly distributed film with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.

In total, five separate mats on the firing side, five triple layers and five separate mats were used to assemble the sample. The last layer was a foam PE pad to dampen the impact of the projectile.

The resulting X2-M material is suitable, for example, for flexible personal armor.

APU Material

Three layers of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compact ballistic fabric commercially marketed, for example, under the trademark Dyneema or Spectra (hereinafter also referred to as mats or lamines) have been joined to form a triple layer. A three-dimensional polyurethane-based adhesive containing acicular and platelet-shaped particles with a minimum size of 0.1 to 20 nm and a largest dimension of 10 nm to 1 mm was used to join the three mats. Examples of needle fillers are cellulose whiskers and an example of a platelet filler laponite. The adhesive formed a thin, evenly distributed film with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.

In total, ten separate mats on the firing side and five triple layers were used to assemble the sample. The last layer was a foam PE pad to dampen the impact of the projectile.

APUNS material

Three layers of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compact ballistic fabric commercially marketed, for example, under the trademark Dyneema or Spectra (hereinafter also referred to as mats or lamines) have been joined to form a triple layer. To bond the three mats, a polyurethane-based adhesive stiffening adhesive containing 0.1 to 12 wt. silica nanoparticles. The adhesive formed a thin, evenly distributed film with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.

In total, ten separate mats on the firing side and five triple layers were used to assemble the sample. The last layer was a foam PE pad to dampen the impact of the projectile.

-4CZ 26200 Ul

APUA material

Three layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compact ballistic fabric commercially marketed, for example, under the trademark Dyneema or Spectra (hereinafter also referred to as mats or lamines) have been joined to form a triple layer. To bond the three mats, a polyurethane-based adhesive-reinforcing adhesive containing 12 to 20 wt. alumina nanoparticles. The adhesive formed a thin, evenly distributed film with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.

In total, ten separate mats on the firing side and five triple layers were used to assemble the sample. The last layer was a foam PE pad to dampen the impact of the projectile.

Material X2-TOP-MOD2

Three layers of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compact ballistic fabric commercially marketed, for example, under the trademark Dyneema or Spectra (hereinafter also referred to as mats or lamines) have been joined to form a triple layer. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was used to bond the three mats as a thin-layered SiO ₂ nanoparticle-based acrylate monomer-based deformation-reinforcing adhesive layer and their clusters. The size of primary nanoparticles is in the range of 1 to 20 nm, clusters can reach up to 500 nm. The adhesive formed a thin, evenly distributed film with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.

In total, six triple layers on the firing side and ten separate mats were used to assemble the sample. The last layer was a foam PE pad to dampen the impact of the projectile.

Example 2: Ballistic Limit Speed

The ballistic limit speed was determined for individual prepared materials in accordance with NIJ Standard-0101.04. The tests were carried out with 9x FMJIRN missiles manufactured by S&B Vlašim weighing 8 g. The rates at which partial or total puncture occurred under the test conditions were evaluated. The result is an arithmetic mean of 5x partial breakdown speed and 5x total breakdown.

V50 Sample (m / s)

X3M 642.2

X2 577

X2-TOP 647

X2-M 625

APU 594

APUNS 567

APUA 562

X2-TOP-MOD 2635.1

Claims (2)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS CLAIMS 1. A ballistic protection material comprising multiple compact layers of ballistic fibers, and between at least one intermediate layer of a non-Newtonian liquid exhibiting a rate of deformation, optionally containing particles in the size range of 1 to 700 nm or agents exhibiting antiplastification properties, arranged directly between the layers of ballistic fibers or arranged between the layers on a carrier or a perforated carrier. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that a foam layer is arranged on the inner side of the material.