CN220911050U

CN220911050U - Wall hanging piece of LED display device and LED display device

Info

Publication number: CN220911050U
Application number: CN202322469273.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王金成
Original assignee: Leyard Optoelectronic Co Ltd
Current assignee: Leyard Optoelectronic Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-09-11
Filing date: 2023-09-11
Publication date: 2024-05-07
Anticipated expiration: 2033-09-11

Abstract

The utility model provides a wall hanging piece of an LED display device and the LED display device, wherein the wall hanging piece of the LED display device comprises: the wall-mounted pipe, the lateral wall of wall-mounted pipe is including connecting wall and the installation wall that set up in opposite directions, the connecting wall is fixed on the bearing wall, be provided with wall-mounted hole group on the installation wall, wall-mounted hole group is including dodging the hole and with dodging the hole intercommunication and be located the mounting hole of dodging the hole below, the diameter of mounting hole is less than dodging the diameter of hole, the installed part on the LED display screen penetrates to the wall-mounted intraduct by dodging the hole and can hang into in the mounting hole and with the cooperation of installation wall backstop to hang the LED display screen and establish on the wall-mounted pipe. The technical scheme of the utility model effectively solves the problem that the steel structure hanging frame in the related technology is formed by welding and processing, so that the processing cost is higher.

Description

Wall hanging piece of LED display device and LED display device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of LED display, in particular to a wall hanging piece of an LED display device and the LED display device.

Background

With the development of LED display devices, LED display devices are typically composed of a plurality of LED display screens that are spliced. When the LED display screen is installed on site, when the installation site is a bearing wall, a steel structure hanging frame is usually required to be installed on the bearing wall, then the LED display screen is installed on the steel structure hanging frame, and finally the LED display device is installed.

But because steel construction stores pylon occupation space is great, and need through welding machine-shaping for processing cost is higher.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model mainly aims to provide a wall hanging piece of an LED display device and the LED display device, so as to solve the problem that a steel structure hanging frame in the related art is formed by welding and processing, so that the processing cost is high.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present utility model, there is provided a wall hanging member of an LED display device, comprising: the wall-mounted pipe, the lateral wall of wall-mounted pipe is including connecting wall and the installation wall that set up in opposite directions, the connecting wall is fixed on the bearing wall, be provided with wall-mounted hole group on the installation wall, wall-mounted hole group is including dodging the hole and with dodging the hole intercommunication and be located the mounting hole of dodging the hole below, the diameter of mounting hole is less than dodging the diameter of hole, the installed part on the LED display screen penetrates to the wall-mounted intraduct by dodging the hole and can hang into in the mounting hole and with the cooperation of installation wall backstop to hang the LED display screen and establish on the wall-mounted pipe.

Further, the side wall of the wall hanging pipe further comprises a top wall and a bottom wall which are connected between the connecting wall and the mounting wall, and the inner hole of the wall hanging pipe formed by the top wall, the connecting wall, the bottom wall and the mounting wall in a surrounding mode is rectangular.

Further, the side wall of the wall hanging pipe further comprises a top wall and a bottom wall which are connected between the connecting wall and the mounting wall, the top wall, the connecting wall, the bottom wall and the mounting wall enclose an inner hole of the wall hanging pipe, the connecting wall and the mounting wall are both straight walls, and the top wall and the bottom wall are both arc-shaped walls.

Further, the width of the top wall is equal to the width of the bottom wall, the width of the connecting wall is equal to the width of the mounting wall, and the ratio of the width of the top wall to the width of the connecting wall is between 1/8 and 1/3.

Further, the wall hanging hole sets are multiple, and the wall hanging hole sets are arranged in a plurality of rows at intervals along the up-down direction.

According to the other side wall of the utility model, the LED display device comprises a wall hanging piece and a plurality of LED display screens hung on the wall hanging piece, wherein the wall hanging piece is the wall hanging piece of the LED display device, each LED display screen comprises a box body, a plurality of LED display modules detachably arranged on the box body and a mounting piece arranged at the rear part of the box body, and the mounting piece can be hung into a mounting hole of the wall hanging piece.

Further, the mounting piece includes the installation pole of being connected with the rear portion of box and sets up the backstop ring of keeping away from box one end at the installation pole, has the regulation clearance between the rear portion of the axis that follows the installation pole and being located the backstop ring and box, when the backstop ring penetrates to the hanging intraductal and make the installation pole hang into the mounting hole by the dodging hole of hanging piece, the axis of installation pole sets up with the axis coaxial of mounting hole, the installation wall of wall pendant is located the regulation clearance to restrict the installation pole along its axis for the movable range of wall pendant.

Further, the LED display device further comprises a tensioning operation member, the tensioning operation member comprises a first screw rod and a pressing cap arranged at one end of the first screw rod, the first screw rod is movably connected to the rear portion of the box body and the mounting wall of the wall hanging tube, and the pressing cap can be in extrusion fit with the rear portion of the box body so as to reduce the distance between the rear surface of the box body and the mounting wall along the axis direction of the mounting rod.

Further, the LED display device further includes a pushing operation member including a second screw rod movably connected to a rear portion of the case, an end surface of the second screw rod facing the mounting wall being capable of being pushed against the mounting wall to increase a distance between a rear surface of the case and the mounting wall in an axial direction of the mounting rod.

According to the other side wall of the utility model, an LED display device is provided, which comprises a plurality of wall hanging pieces and a plurality of LED display screens, wherein the wall hanging pieces are wall hanging pieces of the LED display device, the plurality of wall hanging pieces are arranged at intervals along the up-down direction, and the plurality of LED display screens are hung on any two adjacent wall hanging pieces; wherein, every LED display screen includes the box, detachably sets up a plurality of LED display modules on the box and sets up a plurality of installed parts at the rear portion of box, a plurality of installed parts divide into upper and lower two rows, the installed part one-to-one of the upper row of every LED display screen can hang into the mounting hole of the wall hanging hole group of the bottommost row of first wall pendant, the installed part one-to-one of the lower row of every LED display screen can hang into the mounting hole of the wall hanging hole group of the topmost row of second wall pendant.

By applying the technical scheme of the utility model, the wall hanging piece of the LED display device comprises: wall hanging tube. The lateral wall of hanging pipe includes connecting wall and the installation wall that set up in opposite directions, and the connecting wall is fixed on the bearing wall. Be provided with the hanging hole group on the mounting wall, hanging hole group is including dodging the hole and with dodging the hole intercommunication and be located the mounting hole of dodging the hole below, the diameter of mounting hole is less than the diameter of dodging the hole, the installed part on the LED display screen penetrates to the hanging intraductal and can hang into the mounting hole and cooperate with the mounting wall backstop by dodging the hole to hang the LED display screen and establish on the hanging intraductal, like this, the installed part is located the mounting hole all the time under the effect of gravity, and can prevent that the installed part from deviating from the mounting hole owing to installed part and mounting wall backstop cooperation. Moreover, compared with the steel structure hanging frame, the wall hanging pipe occupies a small space, and is free from welding, processing and forming, so that the processing cost can be reduced. Therefore, the technical scheme of the utility model effectively solves the problem that the steel structure hanging frame in the related technology is formed by welding and processing, so that the processing cost is higher.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the utility model. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a wall hanger according to the present utility model;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the wall hanger of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a wall hanging pipe of the wall hanging member of fig. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a partial schematic front view of the wall hanger of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic front view of an embodiment of an LED display device according to the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing the LED display device of FIG. 5 with the LED display module removed;

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged schematic view at A of the LED display device of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a partial perspective view of a wall hanger, a tension operator and a push-up operator of the LED display device of FIG. 5;

Fig. 9 is a schematic front view showing five wall hanging members of the LED display device of fig. 5 arranged at intervals in the up-down direction.

Wherein the above figures include the following reference numerals:

10. Wall hanging pieces; 11. wall hanging pipe; 111. a connecting wall; 112. a mounting wall; 113. a top wall; 114. a bottom wall; 12. wall hanging hole group; 121. avoidance holes; 122. a mounting hole; 13. a fastener;

20. An LED display screen; 21. a case; 22. an LED display module; 23. a mounting member; 231. a mounting rod; 232. a stop ring;

30. Tensioning the operating member; 31. a first screw; 32. pressing the cap;

40. the pushing operation piece; 41. and a second screw.

Detailed Description

The following wall will clearly and fully describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the utility model, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the wall hanging member of the LED display device of the present embodiment includes: wall hanging tube 11. The side wall of the wall hanging pipe 11 comprises a connecting wall 111 and a mounting wall 112 which are arranged oppositely, and the connecting wall 111 is fixed on the bearing wall. Be provided with hanging hole group 12 on the mounting wall 112, hanging hole group 12 is including dodging hole 121 and with dodging the hole 121 intercommunication and be located the mounting hole 122 of dodging the hole 121 below, dodging the diameter of hole 121 and be greater than the diameter of mounting hole 122, the mounting 23 on the LED display screen 20 penetrates in the hanging pipe 11 by dodging the hole 121 and can hang into in the mounting hole 122 and with the cooperation of mounting wall 112 backstop to hang the LED display screen 20 and establish on hanging pipe 11.

By applying the technical scheme of the embodiment, the mounting piece 23 on the LED display screen 20 penetrates into the wall hanging tube 11 from the avoidance hole 121 and can be hung into the mounting hole 122 to be matched with the mounting wall 112 in a stop mode, so that the LED display screen 20 is hung on the wall hanging tube 11. In this way, the mounting member 23 is always positioned within the mounting hole 122 under the force of gravity, and the mounting member 23 is prevented from being removed from the mounting hole 122 due to the stop fit of the mounting member 23 with the mounting wall 112. When the LED display screen 20 needs to be detached from the wall hanging hole group 12, the LED display screen 20 is lifted upwards, the mounting piece 23 on the LED display screen 20 is moved into the avoidance hole 121 through the mounting hole 122, the mounting piece 23 is aligned with the avoidance hole 121, the mounting piece 23 is moved out of the avoidance hole 121 in the forward direction, the mounting piece 23 is separated from the wall hanging pipe 11, the LED display screen 20 is detached from the wall hanging hole group 12, and quick assembly disassembly is convenient to achieve. Moreover, the wall hanging pipe 11 occupies a smaller space than a steel structure hanging frame, and is free from welding, processing and forming, so that the processing cost can be reduced. Therefore, the technical scheme of the embodiment effectively solves the problem that the steel structure hanging frame in the related technology is formed by welding and processing, so that the processing cost is high.

In this embodiment, the connection between the avoidance hole 121 and the mounting hole 122 may be a straight surface or an inclined surface or an arc surface.

For further ease of processing, the wall hanging tube 11 is preferably a standard tube. The standard pipe fitting is square pipe, the specification is 10mm×60mm, and the wall thickness is 2mm.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, for convenience of processing and forming, the side wall of the wall-hanging tube 11 further includes a top wall 113 and a bottom wall 114 connected between the connecting wall 111 and the mounting wall 112, and the top wall 113, the connecting wall 111, the bottom wall 114 and the mounting wall 112 enclose an inner hole of the wall-hanging tube 11 to be rectangular.

In the embodiment not shown in the drawings, for convenience in processing and increasing the structural strength of the wall-mounted tube, the side wall of the wall-mounted tube 11 further includes a top wall 113 and a bottom wall 114 connected between the connecting wall 111 and the mounting wall 112, the top wall 113, the connecting wall 111, the bottom wall 114 and the mounting wall 112 enclose the inner hole of the wall-mounted tube 11, the connecting wall 111 and the mounting wall 112 are both straight walls, and the top wall 113 and the bottom wall 114 are both arc-shaped walls.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, in order to ensure that the wall hanging tube 11 occupies a smaller space than the steel structure hanging frame, the width of the top wall 113 is equal to the width of the bottom wall 114, the width of the connecting wall 111 is equal to the width of the mounting wall 112, and the ratio of the width of the top wall 113 to the width of the connecting wall 111 is between 1/8 and 1/3. The ratio of the width of the top wall 113 to the width of the connecting wall 111 is preferably 1/8 or 1/6 or 1/4 or 1/3.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the wall-hanging hole groups 12 are eight, and the eight wall-hanging hole groups 12 are arranged in two rows at intervals in the up-down direction. Thus, the mounting member 23 on the LED display 20 can be hung in the plurality of wall hanging hole sets 12, so as to improve the reliability of hanging.

Of course, in the embodiment not shown in the drawings, the number of the wall-hanging hole sets 12 may be not limited to eight, but may be an even number of two, four, six, ten and more, and the corresponding number may be not limited to two, but may be one, three and more.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, the wall hanging member of the LED display device further includes a fastening member 13 penetrating the wall hanging tube 11, and the fastening member 13 can be screwed into the load bearing wall to fix the connection wall 111 to the load bearing wall. The fastener 13 is preferably an expansion bolt.

The application also provides an LED display device, as shown in fig. 4 to 9, the LED display device of the present embodiment includes a wall hanging member 10 and a plurality of LED display screens 20 hung on the wall hanging member 10, where the wall hanging member 10 is a wall hanging member of the LED display device. Each LED display screen 20 includes a case 21, a plurality of LED display modules 22 detachably provided on the case 21, and a mounting member 23 provided at the rear of the case 21, the mounting member 23 being capable of being hung into a mounting hole 122 of the wall hanging member 10. The wall hanging piece of the LED display device can solve the problem that the steel structure hanging frame in the related technology is formed by welding and processing, so that the processing cost is high, and the LED display device with the wall hanging piece 10 can solve the same technical problem.

As shown in fig. 4 to 9, the mounting member 23 includes a mounting rod 231 connected to the rear portion of the case 21 and a stopper ring 232 provided at an end of the mounting rod 231 remote from the case 21, an adjustment gap is provided between the stopper ring 232 and the rear portion of the case 21 along the axis of the mounting rod 231, and when the stopper ring 232 is penetrated into the wall hanging tube 11 by the escape hole 121 of the wall hanging member 10 and the mounting rod 231 is hung into the mounting hole 122, the axis of the mounting rod 231 is coaxially arranged with the axis of the mounting hole 122, and the mounting wall 112 of the wall hanging member 10 is positioned in the adjustment gap to restrict the movement range of the mounting rod 231 along the axis thereof with respect to the wall hanging member 10. In this way, the mounting bar 231 is moved in the adjustment gap, so that the height difference between the adjacent two LED display screens 20 in the front-rear direction, that is, the flatness of the display surface of the LED display device can be adjusted. And when the mounting rod 231 is hung into the mounting hole 122, the stop ring 232 can be in stop fit with the mounting wall 112 of the wall hanger 10, so that the mounting piece 23 is prevented from being pulled out of the mounting hole 122 forwards.

In this embodiment, the stop ring 232 may be a circular ring or a square ring.

As shown in fig. 4 to 9, the LED display device further includes a tension operation member 30, the tension operation member 30 includes a first screw 31 and a press cap 32 provided at one end of the first screw 31, the first screw 31 is movably coupled to the rear of the case 21 and the mounting wall 112 of the wall-hanging tube 11, when there is a height difference between the two LED display panels 20 in the front-rear direction, the first LED display panel 20 is higher than the second LED display panel 20, the press cap 32 can be press-fitted with the rear of the case 21 of the first LED display panel 20, and when the first screw 31 moves, the case 21 of the first LED display panel 20 moves toward the mounting wall 112 with respect to the mounting wall 112 to reduce a distance between the rear surface of the case 21 of the first LED display panel 20 and the mounting wall 112 in the axial direction of the mounting rod 231, facilitating the front-rear fine adjustment. So that the two LED display screens 20 have no height difference in the front-rear direction, thereby meeting the requirement of the flatness of the display surface of the LED display device. The rear portion of the case 21 is provided with a through hole through which the first screw 31 passes, and the mounting wall 112 is provided with a first screw hole that mates with the first screw 31.

As shown in fig. 4 to 9, the LED display device further includes a pressing operation member 40, the pressing operation member 40 including a second screw 41 movably connected to a rear portion of the case 21, when there is a height difference between the two LED display panels 20 in the front-rear direction, the first LED display panel 20 is higher than the second LED display panel 20, an end surface of the second screw 41 facing the mounting wall 112 can be pressed against the mounting wall 112, and when the second screw 41 moves, the case 21 of the second LED display panel 20 moves relative to the mounting wall 112 in a direction away from the mounting wall 112 to increase a distance between a rear surface of the case 21 of the second LED display panel 20 and the mounting wall 112 in an axial direction of the mounting rod 231 for fine adjustment in the front-rear direction. So that the two LED display screens 20 have no height difference in the front-rear direction, thereby meeting the requirement of the flatness of the display surface of the LED display device. A second screw hole through which the second screw 41 passes is provided on the rear portion of the case 21.

The present application also provides an LED display device, as shown in fig. 4 to 9, which includes a plurality of wall pendants 10 and a plurality of LED display screens 20. The wall hanging member 10 is a wall hanging member of the LED display device, a plurality of wall hanging members 10 are arranged at intervals along the up-down direction, and a plurality of LED display screens 20 are hung on any two adjacent wall hanging members 10. Wherein, each LED display 20 includes a case 21, a plurality of LED display modules 22 detachably disposed on the case 21, and a plurality of mounting members 23 disposed at the rear of the case 21, the plurality of mounting members 23 are divided into two rows, and the upper row of mounting members 23 of each LED display 20 is capable of being hung into the mounting holes 122 of the lowermost row of wall hanging hole groups 12 of the first wall hanging member 10, and the lower row of mounting members 23 of each LED display 20 is capable of being hung into the mounting holes 122 of the uppermost row of wall hanging hole groups 12 of the second wall hanging member 10.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.

In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present utility model.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A wall mount for an LED display device, comprising:

The wall hanging pipe (11), the side wall of the wall hanging pipe (11) comprises a connecting wall (111) and a mounting wall (112) which are arranged oppositely, the connecting wall (111) is fixed on a bearing wall,

Be provided with hanging hole group (12) on mounting wall (112), hanging hole group (12) including dodge hole (121) and with dodge hole (121) intercommunication and be located dodge mounting hole (122) of hole (121) below, the diameter of mounting hole (122) is less than dodge the diameter of hole (121), installed part (23) on LED display screen (20) by dodge hole (121) penetrate to in hanging pipe (11) and can hang into in mounting hole (122) and with mounting wall (112) backstop cooperation, in order will LED display screen (20) are hung and are established on hanging pipe (11).

2. The wall hanging member of an LED display device according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the wall hanging tube (11) further comprises a top wall (113) and a bottom wall (114) connected between the connecting wall (111) and the mounting wall (112), and the top wall (113), the connecting wall (111), the bottom wall (114) and the mounting wall (112) enclose an inner hole of the wall hanging tube (11) in a rectangular shape.

3. The wall hanging piece of an LED display device according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the wall hanging tube (11) further comprises a top wall (113) and a bottom wall (114) connected between the connecting wall (111) and the mounting wall (112), the top wall (113), the connecting wall (111), the bottom wall (114) and the mounting wall (112) enclose an inner hole of the wall hanging tube (11), the connecting wall (111) and the mounting wall (112) are straight walls, and the top wall (113) and the bottom wall (114) are arc walls.

4. A wall hanging piece of an LED display device according to claim 2, characterized in that the width of the top wall (113) is equal to the width of the bottom wall (114), the width of the connecting wall (111) is equal to the width of the mounting wall (112), and the ratio of the width of the top wall (113) to the width of the connecting wall (111) is between 1/8 and 1/3.

5. The wall hanging member of an LED display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wall hanging hole group (12) is plural, and the plural wall hanging hole groups (12) are arranged in plural rows at intervals in the up-down direction.

6. An LED display device, comprising a wall hanging member (10) and a plurality of LED display screens (20) hung on the wall hanging member (10), wherein the wall hanging member (10) is a wall hanging member of the LED display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, each LED display screen (20) comprises a box body (21), a plurality of LED display modules (22) detachably arranged on the box body (21) and a mounting member (23) arranged at the rear part of the box body (21), and the mounting member (23) can be hung into a mounting hole (122) of the wall hanging member (10).

7. The LED display device according to claim 6, wherein the mounting member (23) includes a mounting rod (231) connected to the rear portion of the case (21) and a stopper ring (232) provided at an end of the mounting rod (231) remote from the case (21), an adjustment gap is provided between the stopper ring (232) and the rear portion of the case (21) along an axis of the mounting rod (231), and when the stopper ring (232) is penetrated into the wall hanging tube (11) from the escape hole (121) of the wall hanging member (10) and the mounting rod (231) is hung into the mounting hole (122), an axis of the mounting rod (231) is coaxially provided with an axis of the mounting hole (122), and a mounting wall (112) of the wall hanging member (10) is positioned in the adjustment gap to restrict a moving range of the mounting rod (231) along the axis thereof with respect to the wall hanging member (10).

8. The LED display device according to claim 7, further comprising a tension operation member (30), the tension operation member (30) comprising a first screw (31) and a press cap (32) provided at one end of the first screw (31), the first screw (31) being movably connected in a rear portion of the case (21) and a mounting wall (112) of the wall hanging tube (11), the press cap (32) being capable of press-fitting with the rear portion of the case (21) to reduce a distance between a rear surface of the case (21) and the mounting wall (112) in an axial direction of the mounting rod (231).

9. The LED display device according to claim 7, further comprising an abutment operating member (40), the abutment operating member (40) including a second screw (41) movably connected to a rear portion of the case (21), an end surface of the second screw (41) facing the mounting wall (112) being capable of abutting engagement with the mounting wall (112) to increase a distance between a rear surface of the case (21) and the mounting wall (112) in an axial direction of the mounting rod (231).

10. An LED display device is characterized by comprising a plurality of wall pendants (10) and a plurality of LED display screens (20),

The wall hanging pieces (10) are wall hanging pieces of the LED display device according to claim 5, a plurality of the wall hanging pieces (10) are arranged at intervals along the up-down direction, and a plurality of the LED display screens (20) are hung on any two adjacent wall hanging pieces (10);

Each LED display screen (20) comprises a box body (21), a plurality of LED display modules (22) detachably arranged on the box body (21) and a plurality of mounting pieces (23) arranged at the rear part of the box body (21), wherein the mounting pieces (23) are divided into an upper row and a lower row, the mounting pieces (23) of the upper row of each LED display screen (20) are in one-to-one correspondence with each other, the mounting pieces can be hung into the mounting holes (122) of the wall hanging hole group (12) of the lowest row of the first wall hanging piece (10), and the mounting pieces (23) of the lower row of each LED display screen (20) are in one-to-one correspondence with each other, the mounting holes (122) of the wall hanging hole group (12) of the uppermost row of the second wall hanging piece (10) can be hung into the second wall hanging piece (10).