CN219937586U - Single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression - Google Patents
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Abstract
A single frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression, comprising: the device comprises a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, a gain optical fiber, a first fiber grating, a wavelength division multiplexer, a semiconductor laser pumping source, a laser power amplifier, a nonlinear medium and a filter device; the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, the gain fiber and the first fiber grating form a resonant cavity of the fiber laser seed source, the semiconductor laser pump source provides pumping energy for the fiber laser seed source, signal light output by the resonant cavity is output through the wavelength division multiplexer and amplified by the laser power amplifier, and then cascade four-wave mixing is carried out through the nonlinear medium to generate a comb spectrum, and the comb spectrum is filtered through the filtering device. The single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression has reasonable structural design, adopts a compact all-fiber structure, has good stability and reliability, and can realize compression of nanosecond and picosecond order pulses while generating high-order frequency components.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of fiber lasers, in particular to a single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression.
Background
The single-frequency pulse fiber laser has the advantages of narrow line width, high peak power, compact structure, good beam quality and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of laser ranging, fiber sensing, doppler laser radar and the like. The main method for realizing the single-frequency pulse fiber laser output comprises the steps of extra-cavity modulation, Q-switching and gain switching. The Q-switched single-frequency pulse optical fiber laser based on the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is simpler and more compact in structure, smaller in introduced insertion loss, capable of reducing the number of laser power amplifiers introduced into a laser system and higher in stability and reliability. By adjusting the power of the pumping light, the pulse parameters of the output laser can be adjusted, and the output of the nanosecond-level Q-switched single-frequency pulse laser can be realized.
The traditional methods for realizing pulse width compression of the fiber laser are stimulated Brillouin scattering and dispersion compensation. In the stimulated brillouin scattering pulse width compression technology, the front edge of a Stokes pulse meets with pumping light transmitted subsequently, and is amplified preferentially, so that the front edge of the pulse is steeper due to amplification, and the rear edge of the pulse seldom participates in the coupling amplification process, therefore, the obtained Stokes pulse has the characteristic of steeper front edge of the pulse, and further pulse compression is realized. The technology has the advantages of high pulse width compression ratio, capability of effectively improving the quality of light beams, and the like, but is easy to generate thermal effect and optical breakdown phenomenon. The dispersion compensation technology is widely applied to correcting the dispersion effect in pulse optical signal transmission and preparing the ultra-fast fiber laser with compressed pulse width. However, the introduction of dispersion compensating structures has greatly increased the complexity of the system. Furthermore, for single-tone Q-pulse fiber lasers, which have extremely narrow spectral widths and large pulse widths, the effect of dispersion on pulse width is negligible, and therefore dispersion compensation techniques are not applicable to such lasers.
Different from the two technologies, the pulse width compression method based on cascade four-wave mixing is insensitive to the spectrum width and the pulse width of laser, and can effectively compress the pulse width of high-order frequency components. When an incident light field with more than two frequency components is injected into a nonlinear medium, a cascading four-wave mixing effect occurs, high-order frequency components are generated, and parameters such as an electric field, light intensity and the like of the high-order frequency components are directly modulated by the incident light field. For m-order frequency components, the electric field distribution along the nonlinear medium axial direction can be expressed as a form of a Bessel function, as follows:
wherein, fatum ϕ represents the phase difference between the incident light fields, ϕ NL represents the nonlinear phase shift, jm is the m-order Bessel function, and A+0, A-0 represent the complex amplitude between the incident light fields. The light intensity I is proportional to the square of the absolute value of the electric field intensity E, and therefore the light intensity of the m-order frequency component and the light intensity of the incident light field satisfy the following relationship:
according to the result of the above formula, in the time domain, the pulse function in the single period of the higher-order frequency component can be expressed as the product of the incident laser pulse function, so that the pulse center is steeper, the pulse edge is flatter, and the obvious compression of the pulse width is realized.
Related patents are: in 2012, university of Zhejiang applied for an all-fiber pulsed fiber laser based on stimulated brillouin scattering pulse compression [ publication No.: CN 102130412B ], utilizes self-saturation absorption characteristics to achieve passive Q-switching and subsequently trigger stimulated brillouin scattering, producing pulse width compressed stokes light. In 2014, shanghai university of traffic applied for a pulse compression method based on dispersion and nonlinear management of optical parametric oscillators [ publication No.: CN 104362503A ]. The method generates broadband giant linear chirped pulse by managing the dispersion and nonlinear effect in the cavity of the optical parametric oscillator, and then removes the chirp of the output signal pulse by the extra-cavity dispersion compensation, thereby realizing pulse compression. In order to realize effective pulse compression, the signal light spectrum of the pulse compression device has wider spectrum width and does not meet the single-frequency working condition.
Therefore, the utility model aims to provide a single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression, which can realize the compression of nanosecond and picosecond order pulses while generating high-order frequency components so as to overcome the limitation of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to: in order to overcome the defects, the utility model aims to provide the single-frequency pulse optical fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression, which has reasonable structural design, injects single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength laser into a nonlinear medium to generate a cascade four-wave mixing effect so as to excite and generate high-order frequency components, can realize the compression of nanosecond and picosecond order pulses while generating the high-order frequency components, and has wide application prospect.
The technical scheme is as follows: a single frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression, comprising:
a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror;
a gain fiber;
the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, the gain fiber and the first fiber grating are connected with one another in sequence and form a resonant cavity of the fiber laser seed source;
a wavelength division multiplexer;
a semiconductor laser pump source;
a laser power amplifier;
the non-linear medium is a medium that,
the semiconductor laser pumping source, the wavelength division multiplexer, the laser power amplifier, the nonlinear medium and the filter device are connected with one another in sequence; the semiconductor laser pumping source provides pumping energy for the fiber laser seed source, the signal light output by the resonant cavity is output through the wavelength division multiplexer and amplified by the laser power amplifier, then cascade four-wave mixing occurs through the nonlinear medium to generate a comb spectrum, and the comb spectrum is filtered through the filtering device.
The single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression has reasonable structural design, a resonant cavity of a single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser seed source is formed based on the interconnection of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, a gain fiber and a first fiber grating, pumping light of the single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser seed source is provided by a semiconductor laser pumping source, stable single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser output of signal light output by the resonant cavity is realized through a wavelength division multiplexer, and then the signal light is injected into a nonlinear medium after power amplification of a laser power amplifier, a cascade four-wave mixing effect is generated, high-order frequency components are generated through excitation, and an electric field and light intensity of the high-order frequency components are directly modulated by an incident laser electric field and light intensity. In the time domain, the pulse function in a single period can be expressed as the product of the pulse function of the incident laser, so that the pulse center is steeper, the pulse edge is flatter, and the effective compression of the pulse width is realized.
The advantage of above-mentioned structure is: the compact all-fiber structure is adopted, so that the pulse width compression system has good stability and reliability, meanwhile, the pulse width compression system is simpler, and has certain advantages in cost, and compression of nanosecond and picosecond order pulses can be realized while high-order frequency components are generated.
Further, the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression further comprises:
and the semiconductor refrigerator is arranged outside the resonant cavity and used for controlling the temperature of the resonant cavity.
The semiconductor refrigerator is arranged to control the temperature of the resonant cavity, so that the stable operation of the resonant cavity is ensured.
Further, the filtering device of the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression comprises:
an optical circulator;
and the nonlinear medium, the optical circulator and the second fiber grating are connected with each other in sequence, and single comb teeth of the comb spectrum are filtered through the optical circulator and the second fiber grating.
Further, in the single-frequency pulse optical fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression, the center wavelength of the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is 1.0 μm or 1.5 μm or 2.0 μm, the reflectivity is >90%, and the reflection bandwidth is >10 nm.
The center wavelength of the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror can be 1.0 mu m, 1.5 mu m and 2.0 mu m, the reflectivity is more than 90%, the reflection bandwidth is more than 10 nm, the reflectivity increases with the increase of the incident light intensity, and the loss of the resonant cavity of the laser can be adjusted.
Preferably, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror can be replaced by a high reflectivity fiber bragg grating and other saturable absorbers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, transition metal sulfides, doped ion fibers, and the like.
Furthermore, in the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression, the gain fiber is a multi-component high-doped gain fiber, and the length is 5-150 mm.
The gain fiber adopts multi-component high-doped gain fiber, the doped ion component comprises one or more of lanthanide ions or transition metal ions, and the doping concentration of luminescent ions is more than 6×10 19 ions/cm 3 The fiber core glass component is one or more of phosphate, silicate, germanate, fluoride and quartz glass.
Furthermore, in the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression, the first fiber grating is a bragg fiber grating with low reflectivity, and has 2 reflection peaks, the interval is 0.3-0.6 nm, the reflectivity is more than 60%, the reflection bandwidth is less than 0.2 nm, and the center wavelength is 1.0 μm or 1.5 μm or 2.0 μm.
The first fiber bragg grating adopts a Bragg fiber bragg grating with low polarization maintaining reflectivity, the reflectivity is more than 60 percent, the reflection bandwidth is less than 0.2 nm, and the center wavelength can be 1.0 mu m, 1.5 mu m and 2.0 mu m.
Furthermore, the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression is characterized in that the laser power amplifier is a primary amplifier or a multistage amplifier.
The laser power amplifier can be a one-stage amplifier or a multi-stage amplifier, and the specific amplification level is determined according to the power required by cascading four-wave mixing and the threshold value of stimulated Brillouin scattering of a nonlinear medium.
Furthermore, the nonlinear medium is one of a high nonlinear optical fiber, a photonic crystal fiber, a semiconductor optical amplifier, a high Q value optical microcavity, a single-mode optical fiber and a gain optical fiber.
Different kinds of nonlinear media are adopted, so that the device is suitable for realizing pulse width compression of lasers in the ultraviolet-mid-infrared wavelength range.
Furthermore, in the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression, the second fiber grating is a narrow-band high-reflectivity fiber grating, which has a reflection peak with a reflectivity of >99%, a reflection bandwidth of <0.4 nm, and a center wavelength of 1.0 μm or 1.5 μm or 2.0 μm.
The second fiber bragg grating adopts a narrow-band high-reflectivity fiber bragg grating, the reflectivity is more than 99%, the reflection bandwidth is less than 0.4 and nm, and the center wavelength can be 1.0 mu m, 1.5 mu m and 2.0 mu m.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression has reasonable structural design, adopts a compact all-fiber structure, has good stability and reliability, and has certain advantages in cost due to simpler pulse width compression system; the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, the gain fiber and the first fiber grating are mutually connected to form a resonant cavity of the single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser seed source, pumping light of the single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser seed source is provided by the semiconductor laser pumping source, signal light output by the resonant cavity realizes stable single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser output through the wavelength division multiplexer, then the signal light is injected into a nonlinear medium after power amplification of a laser power amplifier, a cascading four-wave mixing effect occurs, excitation is generated, high-order frequency components are generated, the electric field and the light intensity of the signal light are directly modulated by an incident laser electric field and the light intensity, and a pulse function in a single period of the signal light can be expressed as the product of the incident laser pulse function in a time domain, so that the pulse center is steeper, the pulse edge is gentler, further effective compression of pulse width is realized, and compression of nanosecond and picosecond order pulses is realized, and the application prospect is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment 1 of a single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 2 of a single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment 3 of a single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to the present utility model
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of comb spectrum generated by cascade four-wave mixing of a single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to the present utility model;
in the figure: the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 1, the gain optical fiber 2, the first optical fiber grating 3, the wavelength division multiplexer 4, the semiconductor laser pumping source 5, the laser power amplifier 6, the nonlinear medium 7, the filter device 8, the optical circulator 81, the second optical fiber grating 82 and the semiconductor refrigerator 9.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further elucidated below in connection with figures 1-4 and examples 1-3.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression comprises a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 1, a gain fiber 2, a first fiber grating 3, a wavelength division multiplexer 4, a semiconductor laser pumping source 5, a laser power amplifier 6, a nonlinear medium 7 and a filter device 8. The conductor saturable absorber mirror 1, the gain optical fiber 2 and the first fiber bragg grating 3 are connected with one another in sequence and form a resonant cavity of the fiber laser seed source; the semiconductor laser pumping source 5, the wavelength division multiplexer 4, the laser power amplifier 6, the nonlinear medium 7 and the filter device 8 are connected with each other in sequence.
The working principle of the single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression is as follows: the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 1, the gain fiber 2 and the first fiber grating 3 are mutually connected to form a resonant cavity of a single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser seed source, pump light of the single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser seed source is provided by the semiconductor laser pump source 5, stable single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser output of the resonant cavity is realized by the wavelength division multiplexer 4, and then after power amplification of the laser power amplifier 6, single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength laser is injected into the nonlinear medium 7 to generate a cascading four-wave mixing effect, and excitation is carried out to generate high-order frequency components, wherein the electric field and the light intensity of the high-order frequency components are directly modulated by an incident laser electric field and the light intensity. In the time domain, the pulse function in a single period can be expressed as the product of the pulse function of the incident laser, so that the pulse center is steeper, the pulse edge is flatter, and the effective compression of the pulse width is realized.
Firstly, the embodiment realizes the passive Q-switched single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser seed source based on the saturable absorber. The gain fiber 2 is a multicomponent high-doped gain fiber, and the first fiber grating 3 is a Bragg fiber grating with low reflectance. The semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 1, the multicomponent high-doped gain optical fiber and the polarization-maintaining low-reflectivity Bragg fiber grating are utilized to form a resonant cavity of the single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength fiber laser seed source. The semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is a reflecting mirror of a resonant cavity and a Q-switching element, the size of the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is 1 mm multiplied by 1 mm, the modulation depth is 4%, the absorption rate at 1560nm is 10%, and the loss of the resonant cavity can be controlled to realize the output of the passive Q-switching pulse laser; the luminescent ion doping concentration of the multicomponent highly doped optical fiber is more than 2 multiplied by 10 20 ions/cm 3 The fiber core glass component is phosphate glass, the length is 20 mm, and the fiber core glass component can generate effective gain for laser; based on stress birefringence, the Bragg fiber grating with the polarization maintaining low reflectivity has 2 reflection peaks, the central wavelength is located at 1559.9 nm and 1560.31 nm, and the reflection is oppositeThe emissivity is more than 60%, the bandwidth of 3 dB is less than 0.08 nm, and the mode selection function is provided for generating single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength laser output.
Secondly, the semiconductor laser pump source 5 adopts 976 nm single-mode laser diode with the maximum power of 250 mW, the resonant cavity is pumped by the semiconductor laser pump source 5, and after passing through the 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer 4, the laser output is generated after being injected into the resonant cavity.
Next, as shown in fig. 4, the output power of the single-frequency pulse dual-wavelength laser seed source is 25 mW, the polarization states of the two wavelengths are orthogonal, the pulse width is 110 ns, and the repetition frequency is 400 kHz. After the laser power amplifier 6, the laser power amplifier is amplified to 120 mW, and the laser power amplifier is used as pump light to generate cascade four-wave mixing in the nonlinear medium 7, and the pump light is incident to the high nonlinear optical fiber of 250 m and generates cascade four-wave mixing, so that a comb spectrum with 20 comb teeth is generated. The high-reflectivity fiber bragg grating is filtered by the filter device 8, the bandwidth of 3 dB of the high-reflectivity fiber bragg grating is 0.08 nm, the reflectivity is greater than 99%, and the center wavelength is located near 1560 nm. The result of filtering comb-shaped spectrum with-3 order to +3 order comb teeth shows that the pulse width of the higher-order frequency component gradually narrows from 110 ns to 50 ns and tends to be stable along with the increase of the comb tooth order.
Example 2
The structural basis based on embodiment 1 above is shown in fig. 2.
The single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression further comprises a semiconductor refrigerator 9, wherein the semiconductor refrigerator 9 is arranged outside the resonant cavity and used for controlling the temperature of the resonant cavity. Setting the temperature of the semiconductor refrigerator 9 to 25 deg.c can ensure stable dual-wavelength operation of the fiber laser.
Example 3
The structural basis based on embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 above is shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression, disclosed by the utility model, is characterized in that the filtering device 8 adopts the optical circulator 81 and the second fiber grating 82 for filtering, the second fiber grating 82 is a narrow-band high-reflectivity fiber grating, the bandwidth of 3 dB of the narrow-band high-reflectivity fiber grating is 0.08 nm, the reflectivity is greater than 99%, the central wavelength is positioned near 1560nm, the central wavelength can be finely adjusted through temperature control, and the narrow high-order frequency component of the filtering pulse can be punched.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and it should be noted that modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the utility model, which modifications would also be considered to be within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (9)
1. A single frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression, comprising:
a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (1);
a gain fiber (2);
the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (1), the gain fiber (2) and the first fiber grating (3) are sequentially connected with each other and form a resonant cavity of the fiber laser seed source;
a wavelength division multiplexer (4);
a semiconductor laser pump source (5);
a laser power amplifier (6);
a nonlinear medium (7),
the semiconductor laser pump source (5), the wavelength division multiplexer (4), the laser power amplifier (6), the nonlinear medium (7) and the filter device (8) are connected with one another in sequence; the semiconductor laser pumping source (5) provides pumping energy for the fiber laser seed source, signal light output by the resonant cavity is output through the wavelength division multiplexer (4) and amplified by the laser power amplifier (6), then cascade four-wave mixing occurs through the nonlinear medium (7) to generate a comb spectrum, and the comb spectrum is filtered through the filter device (8).
2. The cascading four-wave mixed pulse width compression based single frequency pulsed fiber laser of claim 1, further comprising:
and the semiconductor refrigerator (9) is arranged outside the resonant cavity and used for controlling the temperature of the resonant cavity.
3. Single frequency pulsed fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to claim 1, characterized in that the filtering means (8) comprises:
an optical circulator (81);
and the nonlinear medium (7), the optical circulator (81) and the second fiber grating (82) are sequentially connected with each other, and single comb teeth of the comb spectrum are filtered through the optical circulator (81) and the second fiber grating (82).
4. The single frequency pulsed fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression of claim 1, characterized in that the center wavelength of the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (1) is at 1.0 μm or 1.5 μm or 2.0 μm, reflectivity >90%, reflection bandwidth >10 nm.
5. The single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to claim 1, wherein the gain fiber (2) is a multicomponent highly doped gain fiber with a length of 5-150 mm.
6. The single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fiber grating (3) is a polarization-maintaining low-reflectivity bragg fiber grating with 2 reflection peaks, the interval being 0.3-0.6 nm, the reflectivity being >60%, the reflection bandwidth being <0.2 nm, the center wavelength being at 1.0 μm or 1.5 μm or 2.0 μm.
7. Single frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser power amplifier (6) is a one-stage amplifier or a multi-stage amplifier.
8. The single-frequency pulse fiber laser based on cascade four-wave mixing pulse width compression according to claim 1, wherein the nonlinear medium (7) is one of a high nonlinear fiber, a photonic crystal fiber, a semiconductor optical amplifier, a high Q-value optical microcavity, a single-mode fiber and a gain fiber.
9. The single frequency pulsed fiber laser of claim 3, wherein said second fiber grating (82) is a narrow band high reflectivity fiber grating having a reflection peak with a reflectivity >99%, a reflection bandwidth <0.4 nm, and a center wavelength at 1.0 μm or 1.5 μm or 2.0 μm.
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