CN217193388U - Aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding back protection tool - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding back protection tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN217193388U CN217193388U CN202220827717.3U CN202220827717U CN217193388U CN 217193388 U CN217193388 U CN 217193388U CN 202220827717 U CN202220827717 U CN 202220827717U CN 217193388 U CN217193388 U CN 217193388U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a back protection tool for aluminum alloy single laser automatic fusion welding, which comprises a base plate, wherein the base plate is arranged at the lower parts of two base metals to be welded and is used for bearing the two base metals; the substrate processing device comprises a substrate, a T-shaped groove and a processing unit, wherein the T-shaped groove is formed in the surface of the substrate and comprises a first groove extending downwards along the surface of the substrate and a second groove located below the first groove, the first groove and the second groove are both square grooves, and the width of the first groove is smaller than that of the second groove; the second groove is detachably inserted with a high-reflection flashboard assembly. The utility model discloses to the bad problem of back shaping during the two-sided shaping of single face welding that appears in traditional single laser automatic melting welding aluminum alloy technique, thereby the reflecting material through back of the body protection frock will pass the laser of welding seam and return the stability that the size that the parent metal enlarges the keyhole increases the laser keyhole, optimizes the welding seam positive and negative shaping, simultaneously not with parent metal direct contact, avoid the back to produce the problem that the gas pocket leads to the welding seam quality to reduce.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an aluminum alloy is from fusion welding technical field, particularly relates to a back of body protection frock of single laser from fusion welding of aluminum alloy.
Background
Aluminum alloys have low density, but relatively high strength, good plasticity, and good electrical, thermal and corrosion resistance properties, and are used in a large number of applications in the aerospace, automotive, mechanical, marine, and chemical industries.
In the prior production practice, GMAW and GTAW welding techniques are commonly used for welding aluminum alloy, and although the two welding modes have higher energy density and can obtain good joint when welding the aluminum alloy, the defects of poor penetration capability, large welding deformation, low production efficiency and the like still exist. In order to solve the problems, an aluminum alloy laser welding technology is developed, and compared with the traditional GMAW and GTAW welding methods, the aluminum alloy part adopting laser welding has obvious advantages, such as high energy density, large fusion depth, small heat input, small welding deformation, high cooling speed, good performance of a weld joint tissue fine joint and the like, and plays a good improving role.
However, the laser welding of aluminum alloy still has many difficulties, and a great number of defects such as blowholes, irregular welding bead, undercut, welding flash and solidification cracking are often found in the welding process, and especially, the defects such as welding flash are easily generated on the back surface when the single laser self-welding of 6 series aluminum alloy is carried out. At present, the aluminum alloy single laser welding mostly adopts methods of adding temporary or permanent backing plates on the back or applying back shielding gas and the like to avoid back welding beading, so the problems that the backing plates need to be machined and removed after welding, the overall weight is increased, and the cost is increased are brought.
One important problem to be solved in the laser welding of aluminum alloys is the difficulty in inducing and maintaining the keyhole stability due to the material properties of the aluminum alloy itself and the optical properties of the laser beam, and the stability and size of the keyhole directly affect the stability of the welding process and the gas escape efficiency in the weld.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses aim at provides a back protection frock of aluminum alloy list laser from melting welding to the back flash problem that the laser welding of aluminum alloy exists.
In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a back protection tool for aluminum alloy single laser automatic fusion welding, including:
arranging a substrate which is positioned at the lower part of the two base metals to be welded and used for bearing the two base metals, wherein the central line of the substrate is vertical to the surface of the substrate along a first plane formed by the adjacent intersection line of the two base metals, and the adjacent intersection line defines the X direction;
forming a T-shaped groove which extends along the X direction and has a T-shaped section in the Y direction on the surface of the substrate, wherein the T-shaped groove is arranged to be symmetrical around the center line of the substrate;
the T-shaped groove comprises a first groove and a second groove, wherein the first groove extends downwards along the surface of the substrate, the second groove is positioned below the first groove, the first groove and the second groove are both square grooves, and the width of the first groove is smaller than that of the second groove;
and a high-reflection flashboard assembly is detachably inserted in the second groove.
Wherein in a preferred embodiment the second groove has a groove width which is twice the groove width of the first groove.
In a preferred embodiment, the groove depth of the first groove is greater than the groove depth of the second groove.
In the preferred embodiment, the groove depth of the first groove is controlled to be [3mm,5mm ], and the groove depth of the second groove is controlled to be [2mm,3mm ].
In a preferred embodiment, the high-reflection insert plate assembly is an aluminum alloy or copper alloy high-reflection assembly and is arranged to be inserted into the end face of the second groove.
In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is a Q345 steel substrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of threaded holes along the X direction, and the threaded holes are arranged in two rows, are respectively located on two sides of the T-shaped groove, and are arranged at equal intervals.
In a preferred embodiment, for a 6-series aluminum alloy base material with a thickness of 2-6mm, the first groove and the second groove of the back protection tool are designed as follows:
first groove depth h 1: 4 mm;
first groove width w 1: 10 mm;
second groove depth h 2: 3 mm;
second groove width w 2: 20 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the 6-series aluminum alloy base material is a 6061-grade aluminum alloy plate, and the correspondingly used high-reflection inserting plate component is a 6061-grade aluminum alloy reflecting plate
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a show the advantage and lie in:
1. on the basis of the back protection tool for the aluminum alloy single-laser automatic fusion welding, compared with the traditional aluminum alloy welding mode of adding a temporary lining plate on the back in the protection process of the welding process, the high-reflection material is not in direct contact with the parent metal, so that the later-stage machining removal is not needed, the production efficiency can be improved, and the production cost is reduced; meanwhile, the traditional welding with a lining plate can prevent gas from escaping from the back surface, so that a large number of air holes are easily generated to reduce the quality of a welding seam; compared with the welding process of adding a permanent lining plate on the back, the back protection tool of the utility model does not need to be removed by later machining because the high-reflection material is not in direct contact with the parent metal in the using process, thereby reducing the whole weight, simplifying the structural design, reducing the production cost, and simultaneously solving the technical problem that the traditional welding method of adding the lining plate can not cause gas to escape from the back, thereby easily generating a large number of air holes to reduce the quality of welding seams;
2. compared with the welding process of back and back protection gas, the back protection tool of the utility model has the advantages of simple operation, stronger applicability to the position, shape and the like of a welding line and low cost; through installing additional the utility model discloses a back protection frock through the laser of reflection, can play the effect that enlarges the keyhole and increase keyhole stability, therefore the welding seam shaping is level and smooth stable, prevents to produce defects such as not fusing, undercut and weld the tumour, improves surface shaping, increases the stability in laser keyhole, optimizes the shaping of welding seam positive and negative, improves aluminum alloy welding seam quality and welding effect.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of the present disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the back protection tool provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the back protection tool provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of forming a front weld seam by laser self-fluxing welding of the aluminum alloy of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of forming a back weld seam by laser self-fluxing welding of the aluminum alloy of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of laser autogenous welding of an aluminum alloy according to example 1 of the present invention, wherein W-weld, HAZ-heat affected zone, B-base metal.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any implementation. Additionally, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
The back protection tool for the aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding according to the embodiment of the utility model aims to solve the problems that the aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding in the prior art is easy to produce undercut, welding beading, solidification cracking and the like on the back surface, the problems of the prior art that the temporary back plate, the permanent back plate and the protective gas applied to the back part can not be solved well, therefore, the back protection tool used in the aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding is provided, on one hand, the back protection tool plays a role in supporting and protecting the back plate, the laser is reflected by the high-reflection material in the laser welding process, so that the effect of enlarging the keyhole and increasing the stability of the keyhole is achieved, the weld joint is formed smoothly and stably, the defects of unfused, undercut, welding beading and the like are prevented, the surface forming is improved, the stability of the laser keyhole is increased, the front and back forming of the weld joint is optimized, and the quality and the welding effect of the aluminum alloy weld joint are improved; on the other hand, in the back protection tool in the embodiment of the present invention, the high reflection material is not in direct contact with the base material, so that the post machining is not needed for removing, the production efficiency can be improved, and the production cost can be reduced; meanwhile, the problem that the quality of a welding seam is reduced due to the fact that gas cannot escape from the back surface due to the traditional welding method of adding a permanent fixing lining plate, and a large number of air holes are easily generated can be solved.
The back protection tool for aluminum alloy single laser self-welding of the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a substrate 10, which is arranged at the lower part of two base materials (11,12) to be welded and is used for receiving the two base materials (11, 12). The substrate 10 may be formed from a steel alloy material, such as Q345 steel.
In a specific implementation, a first plane formed by the center line of the substrate 10 and the adjoining intersection line of the two parent materials (11,12), which defines the X-direction, is perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 10. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the welding position is the position of the adjacent intersection line of the two base materials (11, 12). In the example shown in the figure, two rectangular parallelepiped base materials are taken as an example, and the welding positions (weld lines) extend in the X direction.
In the example shown in fig. 1 and 2, a T-shaped groove 20 extending in the X direction and having a T-shaped cross section in the Y direction perpendicular to the X direction is formed on the surface of the substrate 10.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the T-shaped groove 20 is disposed in a symmetrical structure around the center line of the substrate 10. Two base materials (11,12) are correspondingly arranged above the T-shaped groove 20 and are positioned on the central line of the T-shaped groove.
Wherein, the T-shaped groove 20 includes a first groove 21 extending downward along the surface of the substrate 10 and a second groove 22 located at a position below the first groove 10, the first groove 21 and the second groove 22 are both square-shaped grooves, and the groove width w1 of the first groove 21 is smaller than the groove width w2 of the second groove 22.
A high reflection flashboard assembly 30 is removably inserted into the second slot 22.
In connection with fig. 2, for effective support and welding, the groove width w1 of the first groove 21 in the Y direction satisfies:
W0/5≤(w1)/2≤W0/4；
w0 represents the width of the base material.
In an alternative embodiment, the slot width w2 of the second slot 22 is twice the slot width w1 of the first slot 21.
In an alternative embodiment, the groove depth h1 of first groove 21 is greater than the groove depth h2 of second groove 22.
In an alternative embodiment, the groove depth h1 of the first groove 21 is controlled to be [3mm,5mm ], and the groove depth h2 of the second groove 22 is controlled to be [2mm,3mm ].
In an alternative embodiment, the high reflection interposer assembly 30 is an aluminum alloy or copper alloy high reflection assembly configured to be inserted from an end face of the second slot 22.
Therefore, after welding is completed, based on the opening design of the T-shaped groove 20, new high-reflection materials can be continuously replaced through the open grooves, operation is simple and convenient, and efficiency is high.
Referring to the drawings, a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the surface of the substrate 10 along the X direction, and the threaded holes are arranged in two rows, are respectively located on two sides of the T-shaped groove, and are arranged at equal intervals. Thereby, the workpiece is clamped and fixed.
With reference to the back protection tool of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the operation process of performing aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding by using the back protection tool comprises the following steps:
based on the back protection tool of the previous embodiment, in particular to the back protection tool of the example shown in fig. 1 and 2, two base materials (11,12) are placed on the back protection tool for welding;
wherein, insert high reflection picture peg subassembly 30 in the second groove 22 of back protection frock, then will wait to weld the position and place in T type groove top and be located the intermediate position in T type groove, weld, after the welding is accomplished, change high reflection picture peg subassembly 30 and weld in order to carry out next group.
The high-reflection inserting plate assembly 30 is an aluminum alloy or copper alloy high-reflection assembly, and the thickness is 2-3 mm.
The plate thickness H of the welded base metal is in the range of 2-6 mm.
The groove depth h1 of the first groove 21 is controlled to be [3mm,5mm ], and the groove depth h2 of the second groove 22 is controlled to be [2mm,3mm ].
The groove widths of the first groove 21 and the second groove 22 may be designed according to the widths of the base materials to be welded.
The following will describe the practice of the present invention more specifically by taking the example of laser self-fusion welding of 6-series aluminum alloy sheets.
The base material to be welded is a 6061 aluminum plate with the thickness of 3mm, and the joint is in an I-shaped groove butt joint mode. The base plate is a Q345 steel base plate, the high-reflection material base plate of the back protection tool is made of aluminum alloy (6061), and the reflection surface of the base plate is smooth and clean so as to reflect more laser back to the back of the welding seam.
The back protection tool design is as follows:
first groove depth h 1: 4 mm;
first groove width w 1: 10 mm;
second groove depth h 2: 3 mm;
second groove width w 2: 20 mm;
welding parameters are as follows: the laser inclination angle theta is 6 degrees to 10 degrees, the laser power is 3 kw to 7kw, the welding speed is 3 m/min to 6m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm to 5mm, the front-side shielding gas argon purity is 99.99 percent, and the flow is 10L/min to 18L/min.
Combine the aluminium alloy laser shown in fig. 3, 4 from the front and the back welding seam of fusion welding shape appearance, it is visible to adopt the utility model discloses the aluminium alloy laser of back of the body protection frock is from the fusion welding seam shaping well, does not have welding defect such as welding beading, crackle, as shown in fig. 5, its cross section macroscopic corrosion state is good does not have defects such as obvious gas pocket crackle, and welded joint tensile test's intensity is 69% of parent metal, satisfies the performance requirement.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is intended to cover by those skilled in the art various modifications and adaptations of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an aluminum alloy list laser is from melting welding's back protection frock which characterized in that includes:
arranging a substrate (10) which is positioned at the lower part of the two base metals (11,12) to be welded and is used for receiving the two base metals (11,12), wherein the center line of the substrate (10) is vertical to the surface of the substrate along a first plane formed by the adjacent intersection line of the two base metals (11,12), and the adjacent intersection line defines the X direction;
forming a T-shaped groove (20) which extends along the X direction and has a T-shaped section in the Y direction on the surface of the substrate, wherein the T-shaped groove is arranged to be symmetrical around the center line of the substrate;
wherein the T-shaped groove (20) comprises a first groove (21) extending downwards along the surface of the substrate and a second groove (22) positioned below the first groove, the first groove (21) and the second groove (22) are both square grooves, and the groove width (w1) of the first groove (21) is smaller than the groove width (w2) of the second groove (22);
the second groove (22) is detachably inserted with a high-reflection plugboard assembly (30).
2. Aluminum alloy single laser self-welding back protection tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that the second groove (22) has a groove width (w2) twice the groove width (w1) of the first groove (21).
3. Aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welded back protection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove depth (h1) of the first groove (21) is larger than the groove depth (h2) of the second groove (22).
4. Aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding back protection tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the groove depth (h1) of the first groove (21) is controlled to [3mm,5mm ], and the groove depth (h2) of the second groove (22) is controlled to [2mm,3mm ].
5. Aluminum alloy single laser self-welding back protection tooling according to claim 1, wherein the highly reflective insert plate assembly (30) is an aluminum alloy or copper alloy highly reflective assembly, arranged to be inserted from the end face of the second groove (22).
6. Aluminum alloy single laser self-welding back protection tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate (10) is a Q345 steel substrate.
7. The aluminum alloy single laser self-welding back protection tool according to claim 1, wherein the substrate surface is provided with a plurality of threaded holes along the X direction, the threaded holes are arranged in two rows, are respectively positioned on two sides of the T-shaped groove, and are arranged at equal intervals.
8. The aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding back protection tool of claim 1, wherein the first groove and the second groove of the back protection tool are designed to be in a range of 2-6mm thick 6-series aluminum alloy parent metal:
first groove depth (h 1): 4 mm;
first groove width (w 1): 10 mm;
second groove depth (h 2): 3 mm;
second groove width (w 2): 20 mm.
9. The aluminum alloy single-laser self-fusion welding back protection tool according to claim 8, wherein the 6-series aluminum alloy base material is a 6061-grade aluminum alloy plate, and the correspondingly used high-reflection flashboard component is a 6061-grade aluminum alloy reflection plate.
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| CN202220827717.3U CN217193388U (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | Aluminum alloy single laser self-fusion welding back protection tool |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114669879A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-28 | 苏州中科煜宸激光智能科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy single-laser self-fusion welding back protection tool and welding method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114669879A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-28 | 苏州中科煜宸激光智能科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy single-laser self-fusion welding back protection tool and welding method |
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