CN216562212U - Simulation teaching model for respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management simulation teaching model, which comprises a chest cavity simulation component, an airway simulation component, an esophagus simulation component, a lung simulation component and a trachea cannula simulation component; the chest cavity simulation part is a hollow cavity with an opening at the upper part, and the bottom of the chest cavity simulation part is coated with an elastic membrane; the airway simulation component is a first catheter, the esophagus simulation component is a second catheter, and one end of each of the first catheter and the second catheter is inserted into the chest simulation component through an upper opening and is fixedly connected with the opening in a sealing mode; the lung simulation component is a balloon which is sleeved at one end of the first catheter inserted into the chest simulation component; trachea cannula simulation part, including gasbag subassembly, third pipe, the gasbag subassembly is including aerifing the part, connecting the gasbag of aerifing the part, and the gasbag cover is established at third pipe middle part, and the gasbag is aerifyd and is set up the third pipe is fixed in first pipe. The device is used for simulating the respiratory motion in the thoracic cavity in vitro, displaying the effect of trachea intubation, performing respiratory mechanics measurement demonstration and displaying airway management operation.

Description

Simulation teaching model for respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management simulation teaching model.

Background

Mechanical ventilation is the most commonly used respiratory support means for critically ill patients. Most patients have an artificial airway established after entering the intensive care unit, and need mechanical ventilation treatment. Mechanical ventilation differs from normal ventilation by positive pressure ventilation, and therefore inevitably may cause associated damage during ventilation. Therefore, we have the primary objective of protecting the alveoli during mechanical ventilation, avoiding further damage to the alveoli, while maintaining the patient's oxygenation, helping the patient to spend periods of respiratory support or failure.

The need for a systemic respiratory mechanics assessment for mechanically ventilated patients is essentially two-fold. Firstly, as respiratory movement is a mechanical process that respiratory muscles and airways contract or relax under the regulation and control of the center to drive gas to inhale or exhale, diseases requiring mechanical ventilation can cause obvious respiratory mechanics abnormality, and understanding and evaluation of abnormal respiratory mechanics caused by basic diseases can determine whether serious lung function damage and the property thereof exist, and is helpful for understanding the disease severity of individual patients. Second, mechanical ventilation essentially provides additional respiratory drive to alter the flow, volume and time rhythm of the breath by altering the airway pressure in both the inspiratory and expiratory phases, which is accompanied by changes in the patient's respiratory effort, end-inspiratory and end-expiratory lung volumes. Pathophysiology changes caused by different lung diseases are different, corresponding respiratory mechanics characteristics are different, corresponding mechanical ventilation strategies and parameter adjustment are also remarkably different, ventilation and oxygenation functions of the lung can be improved through proper treatment, the dyspnea is relieved, however, improper application may cause man-machine asynchrony, the dyspnea is aggravated, and further the ventilator-related lung injury is caused, and therefore the respiratory mechanics evaluation may play a role in guiding the protective mechanical ventilation setting. How to understand the effect of airway resistance and lung elasticity on ventilation in different disease conditions has not been demonstrated, and can only be realized on patients, thus greatly increasing clinical risk and uncertainty. Therefore, monitoring of respiratory mechanics is very important, and related teaching and demonstration are very necessary. At present, no ideal and suggested model is available for teaching.

Patients who are mechanically ventilated establish an artificial airway, and how to maintain the artificial airway becomes a key problem for respiratory therapy. One important aspect is the drainage of sputum. After the endotracheal intubation, since the organ intubation is located below the glottis, much of the secretions of the upper airway can be left on the glottis along the endotracheal intubation. The upper airway secretions gather there and easily flow down into both lungs, causing aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, aiming at the patient with the tracheal cannula, the patient is provided with the air sac on the tracheal cannula. The pressure of the air bag is higher than the pressure of the air passage, so that air leakage cannot happen around the air bag, and meanwhile, the pressure cannot be too high, because the excess pressure can cause ischemic necrosis of local mucosa, and the possibility of tracheoesophageal leakage occurs. And is therefore also critical for the regulation of the air bag. There is an endotracheal tube that allows for supracapsular suction for removal of secretions from the sac. Therefore, the management related to tracheal intubation is very important for airway management, and a teaching device capable of demonstrating related intubation functions is lacked at present so as to simulate the respiratory motion in the thoracic cavity in vitro and visually sense and measure the change of respiratory mechanics under different physiological and pathological states. There is also no model that can visually display the effect of intubation, and the detailed operation of airway management can be shown.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management simulation teaching model, which can be used for simulating lung compliance change; a change in pulmonary resistance; changes of airway pressure and thoracic cavity pressure, and air bag pressure; the sputum bag suction operation condition is carried out, and the measurement of important respiratory mechanical parameters including airway pressure, esophageal pressure, transpulmonary pressure and air bag pressure can be realized, so that the change of pressure in an airway and in the thoracic cavity can be measured by simulating the respiratory system environment caused by different diseases in vitro, the improvement of a mechanical ventilation strategy is guided, and the respiratory mechanical parameters are more accurately adjusted to carry out respiratory support treatment.

In one aspect of the utility model, a respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management simulation teaching model is provided, which comprises a chest cavity simulation component, an airway simulation component, an esophagus simulation component, a lung simulation component and a tracheal intubation simulation component;

the thoracic cavity simulation part is a hollow cavity with an opening at the upper part, and the bottom of the thoracic cavity simulation part is coated with an elastic membrane simulating a diaphragm;

the airway simulation component is a first catheter, the esophagus simulation component is a second catheter, and one end of each of the first catheter and the second catheter is inserted into the chest simulation component through the upper opening and is fixedly connected with the opening in a sealing manner;

the lung simulation component is a balloon which is sleeved and fixed at one end of the first catheter inserted into the chest simulation component;

trachea cannula analogue means, including gasbag subassembly and third pipe, the gasbag subassembly is including inflatable components and connection inflatable components's gasbag, the gasbag cover is established third pipe middle part, the gasbag is aerifyd will the third pipe is fixed to be set up inside the first pipe.

The balloon comprises a plurality of replacement parts, and the replacement parts are made of materials with different elastic moduli.

The mold as described above, wherein the hollow cavity is hemispherical as a whole.

The above-mentioned model, wherein, thorax analogue component, air flue analogue component, esophagus analogue component, lung analogue component and trachea cannula analogue component are transparent material.

The model described above, wherein the airway simulation member, the esophagus simulation member and the chest simulation member are detachably connected, and the lung simulation member and the airway simulation member are detachably connected.

The model of the foregoing, wherein the detachable connection is a sealed detachable connection.

The mould of the preceding paragraph, wherein the sealingly releasable connection comprises a threaded connection, a socket connection or a flanged connection.

The above-described model, wherein an auxiliary stretching member is provided outside the elastic film. Preferably, the auxiliary stretching member is integrally formed with the elastic film.

Advantageous effects

1. According to the application, a model for simulating in-vitro respiratory dynamics and clinical airway operation is established, visual teaching of a physical principle can be realized, and quantitative optimization of details in mechanical ventilation operation is realized through measurement of physical parameters;

2. the device can realize various pressure simulation monitoring on a model, including airway pressure, esophagus pressure, transpulmonary pressure and air bag pressure, so that the device has the opportunity of measuring the change of the pressure in the airway and the intrathoracic cavity by simulating the environment change of a respiratory system caused by different diseases in vitro, guiding the improvement of a mechanical ventilation strategy and more accurately adjusting respiratory mechanics parameters to carry out respiratory support treatment;

3. the change of the simulated lung compliance can be realized on one model; a change in pulmonary resistance; the pressure of the air bag is high; suction operation on the sputum sac;

4. the complete model developed into the assembly form of the detachable components facilitates the experience of each component and the physiological function related to the component during the assembly process.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management simulation teaching model of the present application.

Figure 2 is a graph of the pressure-time waveform obtained after administration of volume controlled ventilation plus PEEP.

FIG. 3 is a force diagram of an inflatable bladder.

The medical device comprises a hollow cavity 1, an elastic membrane 11, a first catheter 2, a third catheter 3, a second catheter 4, a balloon 5, an air bag 6 and viscous liquid 7

Detailed Description

In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the disclosure. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management simulation teaching model, which comprises a chest cavity simulation component, an airway simulation component, an esophagus simulation component, a lung simulation component and a tracheal intubation simulation component; the chest cavity simulation component is a hollow cavity 1 with an opening at the upper part, and the bottom of the chest cavity simulation component is coated with an elastic membrane 11 simulating a diaphragm; preferably, the hollow cavity 1 is hemispherical; the airway simulation component is a first catheter 2, the esophagus simulation component is a second catheter 4 (the second catheter 4 is also a vacuum suction tube for creating negative pressure, the esophagus simulation is only another function of the tube, because the esophagus does not lead to the thoracic cavity under the real condition, the simulation is an approximate simulation), and one end of the first catheter 2 and one end of the second catheter 4 are respectively inserted into the thoracic cavity simulation component through the upper opening and are fixedly connected with the opening in a sealing way; the lung simulation component is a balloon 5, and the balloon 5 is sleeved and fixed at one end of the first catheter 2 inserted into the chest simulation component; preferably, the balloon 5 comprises a plurality of replacement parts, the replacement parts are made of materials with different elastic moduli, and the size, shape and thickness of the balloon 5 of each replacement part are the same. The monitoring and measurement of respiratory mechanics can be better demonstrated by showing different conditions of lung compliance with materials with different elastic moduli. Trachea cannula simulation part, including gasbag subassembly and third pipe 3, the gasbag subassembly is including aerifing the part and connecting the gasbag 6 of aerifing the part, and 6 covers of gasbag are established at third pipe 3 middle parts, and 6 aerifys and fix the setting in first pipe 2 inside with third pipe 3 of gasbag. Specifically, the external breathing machine of third pipe 3, the external air syringe of inflatable components 6 covers in inflatable components 6's top and has stickness liquid 7, and stickness liquid 7 simulation sputum.

Preferably, thorax simulation part, air flue simulation part, esophagus simulation part, lung simulation part and trachea cannula simulation part are transparent material, can be convenient for observe the motion of each part, also are convenient for operate the adjustment. Preferably, the airway simulation component, the esophagus simulation component and the chest simulation component are detachably connected, and the lung simulation component and the airway simulation component are detachably connected. More preferably, the detachable connection is a sealed detachable connection; in particular, the sealingly detachable connection comprises a threaded connection, a socket connection or a flange connection. In this embodiment, threaded connection is adopted, and the disassembly is more convenient and faster. The user can conveniently experience the position condition of each component and understand the related physiological function of each component in the process of assembling each component.

Preferably, the elastic membrane 11 is provided with an auxiliary stretching member (not shown in the figures) on the outer side, and more preferably, the auxiliary stretching member is integrally formed with the elastic membrane 11, for example, in a convex form; the stretching component is convenient to use when the elastic membrane is stretched and relaxed under the condition of simulating autonomous air suction.

When the utility model is used, the spontaneous breathing process and the mechanical ventilation process can be simulated;

the operation of the simulated spontaneous breathing process is as follows: the first catheter 2 and the third catheter 3 are closed, then air is pumped through the second catheter 4 by using an injector, so that the air pressure in the inner cavity of the hollow cavity 1 is reduced, then the outlet at the upper end of the second catheter 4 is closed, and the balloon 5 is passively expanded to simulate autonomous inspiration by stretching the elastic membrane 11 downwards; the elastic membrane 11 is relaxed, the balloon 5 is passively retracted to simulate spontaneous expiration, and thus the spontaneous respiration process can be simulated by continuously stretching and relaxing the elastic membrane 11;

the operation of the simulated mechanical ventilation process was as follows: the first conduit 2 and the third conduit 3 are sealed, then the injector is used for pumping air through the second conduit 4, so that the air pressure of the inner cavity of the hollow cavity 1 is reduced, the air bag 6 is inflated to enable the outer diameter to be matched with the inner diameter of the first conduit 2, the process is used for simulating the airtightness between the air bag and the airway wall through the air bag, mechanical ventilation is provided through the third conduit 3 externally connected with a breathing machine, and relevant measurement parameters of the breathing machine can be displayed on the breathing machine, and the method is as follows:

(1) monitoring respiratory kinetic parameters of a patient

The third tube 3 was connected to a ventilator to deliver volume controlled ventilation plus PEEP, whereby a pressure-time waveform as in fig. 2 was obtained, the following parameters were measured: positive end expiratory pressure P₀(PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure), airway plateau pressure P₁(Ppplt, plateau pressure), peak airway pressure P₂(PIP, peak inhalation pressure) and the tidal volume per breath VT and the flow V during the same period when the peak airway pressure drops to the plateau airway pressure, from which the following airway physiological parameters can be calculated: compliance of alveoli and thoracic wall

And airway resistance

By setting different capacities and PEEP values, the corresponding changes in C and Raw can be observed.

(2) Monitoring of transpulmonary pressure

Measuring intrathoracic pressure P by means of a second catheter 4_ip(intrapulmonary pressure), i.e. the measurement of the pressure of the alternative thorax by the pressure of the esophagus in the simulated clinic, so that the transpulmonary pressure P in the plateau phase can be calculated_tp (trans-pulmonary pressure)，P_tp＝P_plat-P_ipBy setting different capacities and PEEP values, P can be observed_tpCorresponding variations in.

(3) Inflatable bladder force monitoring

The force applied to the air bag 6 is shown in fig. 3, which is a coronal section of the air bag, wherein F1 is the internal pressure of the airway, F2 is the external atmospheric pressure, F is the static friction force between the air bag and the airway wall, and F is_wall,LAnd F_wall,LRThe pressure of the air channel wall of the left air bag and the right air bag is balanced, and the following equations are provided:

f＝F1-F2

F1-F2＝P_ventilator×S

wherein, P_ventilatorThe air pressure given by the respirator is S is the horizontal maximum section area of the air bag, and F can be measured through the pressure sensing characteristic of the air bag material_wall. In the corresponding capacity control mode, the inflation amount (inflation gas volume) of the airbag 6 is adjusted, and F and F are observed_wallAnd a minimum balloon inflation volume in mechanical ventilation mode, even a minimum inflation amount without slippage at the PIP, and the value of F, F_wallBy setting different capacities and PEEP values, the corresponding minimum airbag inflation volumes can be respectively determined.

(4) Simulating suction on sputum sac

a. Simulating a mechanical ventilation state: the first conduit 2 and the third conduit 3 are closed, and then the air is pumped out through the second conduit 4 by using an injector, so that the air pressure of the inner cavity of the hollow cavity 1 is reduced, and the air bag 6 is inflated to ensure that the outer diameter of the air bag is matched with the inner diameter of the first conduit 2;

b. simulating airway secretion production and supracapsular retention: straightening the first catheter 2 and the third catheter 3, dripping viscous liquid 7 into a gap between the first catheter 2 and the third catheter 3 to ensure that the height of the viscous liquid 7 on the air bag 6 is about 0.5cm, and then bending the first catheter 2 and the third catheter 3 back to the original state to ensure that the first catheter and the third catheter simulate the curvature of an air passage at the oral cavity;

c. simulating the administration of a positive end inspiratory pressure above normal administration: the third catheter 3 is externally connected with a breathing machine, so that the saccule 5 and the elastic membrane 11 are passively expanded at the same time and are higher than the pressure of the inspiration end in the process of simulating spontaneous respiration, and the saccule 5 is obviously expanded;

d. sputum removal in simulated manual operation: stop giving gas for sacculus 5 and elastic membrane 11 retract passively, deflate gasbag 6 simultaneously, observe 7 ascending motion state of stickness liquid and measure the volume of the stickness liquid 7 through return bend discharge first pipe 2, the last pressure of breathing in is adjusted, the minimum last pressure of breathing in that can effectively get rid of stickness liquid 7 more than 90%, adjust the nature and the volume of stickness liquid 7, repeat above-mentioned step, can effectively get rid of 90% above stickness liquid 7's minimum last pressure of breathing in under the every kind of condition respectively, this process needs two people in coordination.

Although the utility model has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the utility model. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the utility model as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. A respiratory mechanics monitoring and airway management simulation teaching model is characterized by comprising a chest cavity simulation component, an airway simulation component, an esophagus simulation component, a lung simulation component and a tracheal intubation simulation component;

the thoracic cavity simulation part is a hollow cavity with an opening at the upper part, and the bottom of the thoracic cavity simulation part is coated with an elastic membrane simulating a diaphragm;

the airway simulation component is a first catheter, the esophagus simulation component is a second catheter, and one end of each of the first catheter and the second catheter is inserted into the chest simulation component through the upper opening and is fixedly connected with the upper opening in a sealing manner;

the lung simulation component is a balloon which is sleeved and fixed at one end of the first catheter inserted into the chest simulation component;

trachea cannula analogue means, including gasbag subassembly and third pipe, the gasbag subassembly is including inflatable components and connection inflatable components's gasbag, the gasbag cover is established third pipe middle part, the gasbag is aerifyd will the third pipe is fixed to be set up inside the first pipe.

2. The model of claim 1, wherein said balloon includes a plurality of displacements, each of said displacements being of a material having a different modulus of elasticity.

3. The mold of claim 1, wherein the hollow cavity is generally hemispherical in shape.

4. The model of claim 1, wherein said chest simulator, airway simulator, esophageal simulator, lung simulator and endotracheal tube simulator are all transparent.

5. The model of claim 1, wherein said airway-mimicking member, esophageal-mimicking member, and said chest-mimicking member are removably attached to each other, and wherein said lung-mimicking member and said airway-mimicking member are removably attached to each other.

6. A model according to claim 5, characterized in that said detachable connection is a sealed detachable connection.

7. A former according to claim 6 wherein said sealingly removable connection comprises a threaded connection, a female connection or a flanged connection.

8. A former as claimed in claim 1 wherein the resilient membrane is provided with an auxiliary stretching member on the outside thereof.

Images