CN215070431U - Planar integrated array antenna - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a planar integrated array antenna, which comprises an antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit consists of a dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch and a stepped waveguide horn, the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch is used as a converter of broadband waveform impedance to excite the stepped waveguide horn on the upper layer, the gain of the antenna unit is enhanced by adopting the stepped waveguide horn by increasing the radiation aperture, and a 2 multiplied by 2 subarray with the unit spacing larger than the wavelength is designed based on the antenna unit. Etching grooves between the cells as an auxiliary radiation source improves the gain of the 2 x 2 sub-array and suppresses high side lobes. To further improve gain, a 16 x 16 element array antenna was designed and measured that achieved a-10 dB impedance bandwidth of 22.4% and a peak gain of 28.8-30.9dBi in the frequency range of 71 to 88.5 GHz. By virtue of the advantages of wider working bandwidth, high gain, small and exquisite appearance and low cross polarization, the array antenna is suitable for popularization and application in an E-band wireless backhaul system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of communication, and particularly relates to a broadband high-gain planar integrated array antenna structure.
Background
With the development of 5G technology, mobile data application and traffic show exponential growth, and the millimeter wave technology has a broad prospect in broadband communication application in a 5G wireless network, and such application generally requires a millimeter wave antenna to have high gain, broadband and low cross polarization.
By using a conventional lens and reflector antenna, a high-gain antenna which is high in directivity, small in size, light in weight, and easier to install can be easily realized. Such antennas are generally more attractive for long-range millimeter-wave wireless communication applications.
Among all planar antenna arrays, the microstrip patch antenna array is one of the most common thin antennas in the microwave band, but the antenna radiation efficiency is low due to factors such as high dielectric loss in the millimeter wave band, which limits their application in the millimeter wave band.
The slot waveguide array antenna is another common planar antenna array structure, but the traditional slot waveguide array antenna has a narrow bandwidth and is not suitable for a broadband high-speed communication scene.
Therefore, there is a need to improve the design concept of the antenna and develop a high-gain, broadband-operation planar array antenna with good performance and convenient industrial popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a broadband high-gain planar integrated array antenna, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a planar integrated array antenna is characterized in that the overall structure of the planar integrated array antenna comprises an upper layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer, wherein the upper layer is a stepped waveguide horn array (401), and the middle layer is a dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back surface patch array (402); the bottom layer is a dielectric integrated waveguide cavity feed network, a third dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch array (402) is excited through a coupling hole array (403), the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity feed network integrates a transmission transition (407) from a third dielectric integrated waveguide (408) to a WR-12 rectangular waveguide (409), and the transmission transition (407) is composed of a transmission transition cavity (410), the rectangular waveguide WR-12 and a fourth dielectric integrated waveguide SIW.
Further, the middle layer is printed on a single layer of PCBRogers4003c material, and the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity feed network is arranged on a single layer of Rogers5880 material with the thickness of 0.508 mm.
Furthermore, the transmission transition cavity (410) is enclosed by metal columns to form a rectangle and comprises an upper transverse part (209), a first vertical part (210), a lower transverse part (211), a transmission window (411), a cavity back metal patch (412) and a second layer of medium (203), wherein the upper transverse part (209) is formed by arranging six metal columns into a row parallel to the Y axis; the first vertical part (210) is formed by dividing six metal columns into two rows and is symmetrical about an X axis; the lower transverse part (211) is two metal columns which are symmetrical about the X axis, and the axial distance W of the lower transverse partw2Can be adjusted according to specific requirements; the cavity back metal patch (412) is a rectangular metal patch, the cavity back metal patch (412) is arranged inside the transmission window (411), and the cavity back metal patch (412) is used as a waveform and impedance converter to excite the third-layer dielectric integrated waveguide (408); the rectangular waveguide WR-12 is located directly above the transmission transition cavity (410).
Furthermore, the planar integrated array antenna further comprises an antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit (101) comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer comprises a first input port (102), a first layer of dielectric integrated waveguide (103), a first layer of dielectric integrated waveguide cavity (104), a first layer of dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch (105), a first layer of dielectric (106) and a first signal transition window (107); the upper layer comprises a first unit upper plate (108) and a first stepped waveguide horn (109).
Further, the bottom layer takes the center of the upper surface of the medium bottom plate as a coordinate origin, a rectangular coordinate system O-XYZ is established, the X axis is a longitudinal axis, the Y axis is a transverse axis, the Z axis vertically penetrates through the paper surface and faces to the outer side of the paper, the bottom layer comprises a second input port (201) composed of two metal blocks (202) and a second layer of medium (203), the metal blocks (202) are symmetrical about the X axis, and the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of each metal block (202) are respectively attached to and perpendicular to the upper bottom plate (204) and the lower bottom plate (205) of the medium; the second layer of dielectric integrated waveguide (206) is composed of two rows of first metal columns (207), a dielectric upper base plate (204) and a dielectric lower base plate (205), the second layer of dielectric integrated waveguide (206) is used for communicating a second input port (201) with a second layer of dielectric integrated waveguide cavity (208), the second layer of dielectric integrated waveguide cavity (208) is composed of an upper transverse part (209), a first vertical part (210), a lower transverse part (211) and a second layer of dielectric (203), the upper transverse part (209) is composed of five metal columns, the five metal columns are arranged in a row in parallel to the Y axis, the first vertical part (210) is composed of four metal columns which are equally divided into two rows, and the two rows of metal columns are symmetrical about the X axis; the lower transverse part (211) is composed of two metal columns which are symmetrical about an X axis, the second layer of medium (203) is composed of a medium upper bottom plate (204), a medium lower bottom plate (205) and a middle medium layer (214), the metal columns which form the second layer of medium integrated waveguide cavity (208) are perpendicular to the medium upper bottom plate (204) and the medium lower bottom plate (205), the second signal transition window (212) is a rectangular window and is arranged right above the second layer of medium integrated waveguide cavity (208), the metal patch (213) on the back of the second layer of medium integrated waveguide cavity (208) is a rectangular metal sheet which is positioned in the second signal transition window (212), the metal patch (213) is used as a converter of waveform and impedance to excite the second step waveguide horn (216), the two rows of first metal columns (207) are symmetrical about an X axis, and the upper bottom surfaces and the lower bottom surfaces of the first metal columns (207) are clung to and perpendicular to the medium upper bottom plate (204) and the medium lower bottom plate (205).
Furthermore, the length range of the metal block (202) in the X-axis direction is 1.60-4.3mm, the distance range of the metal block (202) in the Y-axis direction is 2.032-4.7mm, and the width of the metal block (202) in the Y-axis direction can be adjusted to 1.4mm according to requirements.
Furthermore, the cross section of the metal column of the second layer of dielectric integrated waveguide (206) and the second dielectric integrated waveguide cavity (208) is any one of rectangle, ellipse, T-shaped, cross-shaped and dumbbell-shaped.
Further, the axial distance W between the two rows of the first metal columnssiwThe size is 2.032-4.7mm, and the length value W of the upper transverse part (209)clIs 2.3mm, and the axial distance value W of the metal column of the lower transverse part (211)wlIs 1.34mm, and the distance L of the metal column circumference of the upper horizontal part (209) and the lower horizontal part (211) in the X directionclIs 1.2mm, the length W of the second signal transition window (212)alHas a value of 1.7mm and a width LalHas a value of 0.7mm and a length L of the metal patch (213)plHas a value of 1mm and a width WplIs 0.3mm, the distance H between the upper medium bottom plate (204) and the lower medium bottom plate (205)1Has a value of 0.508mm and a length L of the second medium (203) in the X-axis directionlIs 5mm, and a width W in the Y-axis directionlIs 5 mm.
Furthermore, the upper layer consists of a second unit upper plate (215) and a second stepped waveguide horn (216), the second unit upper plate (215) is a metal cuboid and is positioned at the upper part of the medium upper base plate (204), and the lower surface of the second unit upper plate (215) is tightly attached to the upper surface of the medium upper base plate (204); second step waveguide loudspeaker (216) comprise feed waveguide (217) and loudspeaker port (218), feed waveguide (217) are located the inside of second unit upper plate (215), run through second unit upper plate (215) from the bottom up, loudspeaker port (218) are made by the metal block fluting, and it is located the upper portion of second unit upper plate (215), and loudspeaker port (218) further include waveguide groove (219) and radiation port (220), waveguide groove (219) are upwards extended by the waveguide in second unit upper plate (215) and are formed, and waveguide groove (219) intercommunication feed waveguide (217) and radiation port (220), radiation port (220) are made by the downward fluting in metal block top.
Further, the feed waveguide (217) is arranged in the X-axis directionWidth Wrw1A length L in the Y-axis direction in the range of 1.60-4.3mmrw1The range is 2.032-4.7 mm; a width W of the radiation port (220)rw2Has a value of 1.7mm and a length Lrw2Has a value of 3.2mm, a radiation port depth Hrw2Is 0.7 mm.
Furthermore, the stepped waveguide horn array at the upper layer further comprises a three-layer 2 × 2 sub-array stepped waveguide horn structure, the upper layer of the 2 × 2 sub-array stepped waveguide horn comprises four third stepped waveguide horns (301) and a groove (302), the third stepped waveguide horns (301) are divided into two rows and are symmetrical about an X axis, the groove (302) is positioned between the two rows of the third stepped waveguide horns (301), and the depth value of the groove (302) is 0.9 mm; the middle layer of the 2 x 2 sub-array ladder waveguide horn comprises two pairs of opposite second dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back metal patches (303) for exciting a third ladder waveguide horn (301), the bottom layer of the 2 x 2 sub-array ladder waveguide horn is a power divider divided into two parts, the power divider consists of a transverse part (304) and a second vertical part (305), and the transverse part (304) is a metal column and the outline is rectangular; the 2 x 2 sub-array stepped waveguide horn further comprises a second metal column (306), a third metal column (307), a fourth metal column (308), a fifth metal column (309) and a sixth metal column (310), which are respectively symmetrical about the Y axis, wherein the second metal column (306), the third metal column (307), the fourth metal column (308), the fifth metal column (309) and the sixth metal column (310) are all used for adjusting and matching electromagnetic parameters; the second vertical part (305) consists of a feed port (311) and a transmission waveguide (312), two coupling grooves (313) are arranged at the upper part of the transverse part (304), and the coupling grooves (313) are symmetrical about an X axis and are communicated with the second layer of dielectric integrated waveguide (206).
Furthermore, the distance value between the YOZ plane where the electric field plane is located and the XOZ plane where the magnetic field plane is located of the antenna unit (101) is 4.1mm or 3.1 mm.
Further, the coupling groove (313) is symmetrical about an X axis and has a cross-sectional shape of any one of a rectangle, an ellipse, a T shape, a cross shape and a dumbbell shape.
The broadband high-gain planar integrated array antenna has the advantages of good operation performance, wider working bandwidth, higher gain, small appearance and low cross polarization, and the antenna array provided by the invention is suitable for application in an E-band (60-90 GHz) wireless backhaul system and is convenient for industrial popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the antenna unit structure of the invention is schematic.
FIG. 2 a: top view of the antenna unit of the present invention.
FIG. 2 b: left side view of the inventive antenna unit.
FIG. 2 c: front view of the antenna unit of the present invention.
FIG. 3 a: the invention relates to a 2 x 2 sub-array step waveguide horn top view.
FIG. 3 b: the invention relates to a left view of a 2X 2 sub-array stepped waveguide horn.
FIG. 3 c: the invention relates to a top view of a 2 x 2 sub-array medium integrated waveguide cavity back surface patch.
FIG. 3 d: the invention relates to a top view of a 2 x 2 sub-array waveguide cavity feed network.
FIG. 4: the structure of the 16 × 16 unit antenna array of the present invention.
FIG. 5: the geometry of the transition transmission between the dielectric integrated waveguide of the present invention to the standard rectangular waveguide WR-12 is shown from top view and from left view.
FIG. 6: top, left and bottom views of the 16 x 16 element antenna array of the present invention.
FIG. 7: the invention relates to a reflection coefficient of a 16 x 16 unit antenna array.
FIG. 8: the invention discloses simulated and measured gain and antenna efficiency of a 16 x 16 unit antenna array.
FIG. 9 a: the 16 x 16 unit antenna array simulates and measures a far-field radiation pattern at the frequency of 71 GHz.
FIG. 9 b: the 16 x 16 unit antenna array simulates and measures a far-field radiation pattern at the frequency of 78 GHz.
FIG. 9 c: the 16 x 16 unit antenna array simulates and measures a far-field radiation pattern at the frequency of 86 GHz.
Description of the drawing reference numbers:
an antenna unit 101, a first input port 102, a first layer dielectric integrated waveguide 103, a first layer dielectric integrated waveguide cavity 104, a first layer dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch 105, a first layer dielectric 106, a first signal transition window 107, a first unit upper plate 108, a first stepped waveguide horn 109, a second input port 201, a metal block 202, a second layer dielectric 203, a dielectric upper plate 204, a dielectric lower plate 205, a second dielectric integrated waveguide 206, a first metal pillar 207, a second layer dielectric integrated waveguide cavity 208, an upper transverse portion 209, a first vertical portion 210, a lower transverse portion 211, a second signal transition window 212, a metal patch 213, an intermediate dielectric layer 214, a second unit upper plate 215, a second stepped waveguide horn 216, a feed waveguide 217, a horn port 218, a waveguide slot 219, a radiation port 220, a third stepped waveguide horn 301, a groove 302, a second layer dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch 303, the waveguide horn array comprises a transverse part 304, a second vertical part 305, a second metal column 306, a third metal column 307, a fourth metal column 308, a fifth metal column 309, a sixth metal column 310, a feed port 311, a transmission waveguide 312, a coupling groove 313, a waveguide horn array 401, a third layer of dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back surface patch array 402, a coupling hole array 403, an aluminum plate 404, Rogers4003c material 405, Rogers5880 material 406, a transmission transition 407, a third layer of dielectric integrated waveguide 408, a WR-12 rectangular waveguide 409, a transmission transition cavity 410, a transmission window 411 and a cavity back surface metal patch 412.
Detailed Description
A broadband high-gain planar integrated array antenna and a method of designing the same proposed by the present invention will be specifically explained below by describing in detail an embodiment, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit of the present invention, where the broadband high-gain antenna unit 101 is composed of an upper layer and a lower layer, where the lower layer includes a first input port 102, a first layer of dielectric integrated waveguide 103, a first layer of dielectric integrated waveguide cavity 104, a first layer of dielectric integrated waveguide cavity backside patch 105, a first layer of dielectric 106, and a first signal transition window 107; the upper layer comprises a first unit upper plate 108 and a first stepped waveguide horn 109, and the simulated dimensions of the broadband high-gain antenna unit of the invention are shown in the following table one, wherein the dimensions are in mm:
watch 1
Referring to fig. 2a, a top view of the antenna unit of the present invention, a left view of the antenna unit of fig. 2b, and a front view of the antenna unit of fig. 2c, a rectangular coordinate system O-XYZ is established with a center of an upper surface of the dielectric substrate as an origin of coordinates, an X axis as a longitudinal axis, a Y axis as a transverse axis, and a Z axis passing through the paper surface and facing to an outer side of the paper, the second input port 201 is composed of two metal blocks 202 and a second layer of dielectric 203, the metal blocks 202 are symmetric with respect to the X axis, as shown in fig. 2a, the metal blocks 202 connect the dielectric upper substrate 204 and the dielectric lower substrate 205, the metal blocks 202 are perpendicular to the dielectric lower substrate 205 and the metal blocks 202 are closely attached to the dielectric upper substrate 204 and the dielectric lower substrate 205, so as to prevent electromagnetic signal leakage.
The length of the two metal blocks 202 in the X-axis direction ranges from 1.60 mm to 4.3mm, and the preferred value is 2.5 mm; the distance between the two metal blocks 202 in the Y-axis direction is in the range of 2.032-4.7mm, preferably 3.099mm, and particularly, the width of the metal block 202 in the Y-axis direction can be adjusted to 1.4mm as required.
The second layer of dielectric integrated waveguide 206 is composed of two rows of first metal posts 207, a dielectric upper substrate 204 and a dielectric lower substrate 205, the two rows of first metal posts 207 are symmetrical about an X axis, and the axial distance W between the two symmetrical metal posts issiwThe size is 2.032-4.7mm, and the preferred value is 3.099 mm. The diameter of the first metal column 207 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the preferred value is 1.4mm, the first metal column 207 is perpendicular to the medium upper bottom plate 204 and the medium lower bottom plate 205, the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the first metal column 207 are tightly attached to the medium upper bottom plate 204 and the medium lower bottom plate 205, and the third metal column 207 isThe second-layer dielectric integrated waveguide 206 is used for communicating the second input port 201 with a second-layer dielectric integrated waveguide cavity 208, the second-layer dielectric integrated waveguide cavity 208 is composed of an upper transverse portion 209, a first vertical portion 210, a lower transverse portion 211 and a second medium 203, the upper transverse portion 209 is composed of five metal columns, the five metal columns are arranged in a row parallel to the Y axis, and the length W of the upper transverse portion 209 is equal to that of the second mediumclThe preferred value is 2.3 mm; the first upright portion 210 is made up of four metal posts that are equally divided into two rows of metal posts that are symmetrical about the X axis; the lower transverse portion 211 is formed by two metal posts which are symmetrical about the X axis, and the axial distance W of the metal posts of the lower transverse portion 211wlIs preferably 1.34mm, the metal posts constituting the second layer of dielectric integrated waveguide cavity 208 are all perpendicular to the dielectric upper bottom plate 204 and the dielectric lower bottom plate 205, the cross section of the metal posts is circular, and the distance L of the metal post circumference of the upper transverse part 209 and the lower transverse part 211 in the X directionclIs preferably 1.2mm, and the second signal transition window 212 is a rectangular window, located directly above the second-tier dielectric integrated waveguide cavity 208, penetrating through the dielectric upper backplane 204, and having a length WalIs preferably 1.7mm, and the width L isalA preferred value of (3) is 0.7 mm. The metal patch 213 on the back of the second dielectric integrated waveguide cavity 208 is a rectangular metal sheet with a length L inside the second signal transition window 212plIs preferably 1mm, and the width WplIs preferably 0.3mm, is at the same height as the dielectric upper substrate 204, the metal patch 213 is used as a waveform and impedance converter to excite the second ladder waveguide horn 216, the second layer of dielectric 203 is composed of the dielectric upper substrate 204, the dielectric lower substrate 205 and the middle dielectric layer 214, and the distance H between the dielectric upper substrate 204 and the dielectric lower substrate 2051Is preferably 0.508mm, and the second layer medium 203 has a length L in the X-axis directionlIs preferably 5mm, and has a width W in the Y-axis directionlA preferred value of (3) is 5 mm.
The length W of the upper transverse portion 209 during a particular manufacturing processclLower transverse portion 211 metal column axial distance WwlAnd the distance L in the X direction between the metal pillar peripheral lines of the upper horizontal part 209 and the lower horizontal part 211clCan be adjusted according to actual requirements. The position, thickness and shape of the metal patch 213 can be selectedThe distance H between the upper medium bottom plate 204 and the lower medium bottom plate 205 is adjusted according to the requirement1And the antenna can be adjusted according to requirements, and the transmission signal can be dynamically adjusted as long as the whole technical parameters of the antenna achieve impedance matching and the maximum transmission power and meet the requirements.
The upper layer of the antenna unit 101 is composed of a second unit upper plate 215 and a second stepped waveguide horn 216, the second unit upper plate 215 is a metal cuboid and is positioned on the upper part of the medium upper base plate 204, the lower surface of the second unit upper plate 215 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the medium upper base plate 204, the length and the width of the second unit upper plate 215 are the same as the size of the second medium 203, and the height H is the same as the height H of the second medium 2032A preferred value of (3) is 1 mm. The second stepped waveguide horn 216 is composed of a feed waveguide 217 and a horn port 218, wherein the feed waveguide 217 is located inside the second unit upper plate 215 and penetrates the second unit upper plate 215 from bottom to top. Width W of the feed waveguide 217 in the X-axis directionrw1In the range of 1.60 to 4.3mm, preferably 3.1mm, and a length L in the Y-axis directionrw1The range is 2.032-4.7mm, and the preferred value is 2.8 mm. The bell-mouth 218 is made of a metal block slot and is located on the upper portion of the second unit upper plate 215, and the height of the bell-mouth 218 is preferably set to a value H3The diameter of the horn port 218 is 1mm, the horn port 218 comprises a waveguide groove 219 and a radiation port 220, the waveguide groove 219 is formed by upward extension of a waveguide in the second unit upper plate 215, the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide groove 219 is the same as that of the feed waveguide 217, the waveguide groove 219 communicates the feed waveguide 217 with the radiation port 220, the radiation port 220 is made by notching the top of a metal block downwards, and the width W of the radiation port 220rw2Is preferably 1.7mm, length Lrw2Is preferably 3.2mm, the radiation port depth Hrw2A preferred value of (3) is 0.7 mm.
In a specific manufacturing process, the length, width and height of the second unit upper plate 215, the length, width and height of the second stepped waveguide horn 216, and the length, width and height of the radiation port 220 can be adjusted according to actual requirements.
Referring to fig. 3a, a top view of a 2 × 2 sub-array ladder waveguide horn of the present invention, fig. 3b is a left view of the 2 × 2 sub-array ladder waveguide horn, fig. 3c is a top view of a 2 × 2 sub-array dielectric integrated waveguide cavity backside patch, and fig. 3d is a top view of a 2 × 2 sub-array waveguide cavity feed network, the 2 × 2 sub-array structure is composed of three layers, an upper layer is composed of four third ladder waveguide horns 301 and a groove 302, the third ladder waveguide horns 301 are divided into two rows and are symmetrical with respect to the X axis, the groove 302 is located between the upper two third ladder waveguide horns 301 and the lower two third ladder waveguide horns 301, and the depth of the groove 302 is preferably 0.9 mm. The middle layer comprises two pairs of opposite second dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back metal patches 303 for exciting a third step waveguide horn 301, the bottom layer is a one-to-two power divider which is composed of a transverse part 304 and a second vertical part 305, the transverse part 304 is composed of metal columns, and the outline is rectangular. The second metal column 306, the third metal column 307 and the fourth metal column 308 are symmetrical about the Y axis, and the second metal column 306, the third metal column 307, the fourth metal column 308, the fifth metal column 309 and the sixth metal column 310 are all used for adjusting and matching electromagnetic parameters.
The second vertical portion 305 is composed of a feeding port 311 and a transmission waveguide 312, two coupling slots 313 are arranged on the upper portion of the transverse portion 304, the coupling slots 313 are symmetrical about the X axis and are communicated with the second dielectric integrated waveguide 206, the distance between the two antenna units 101 on the YOZ plane where the electric field plane is located and the XOZ plane where the magnetic field plane is located can be 4.1mm or 3.1mm, the experimental result of the broadband 2 × 2 sub-array structure is shown in the following table two, and the optimal values of the sizes of the third ladder waveguide horn 301 and the second dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back metal patch 303 in the broadband 2 × 2 sub-array are the same as those in the table one, wherein the size unit is mm.
Watch two
The grooves 302 are arranged on the upper layer of the 2 x 2 sub-array, and the grooves 302 inhibit the transmission of surface waves to reduce the coupling of adjacent unit antennas and improve the impedance matching; meanwhile, the grooves 302 can also make the electric field distribution on the whole radiation aperture more uniform by modulating the distribution of surface current and the energy of the surface radiation wave, and the current distribution is modulated, meanwhile, the grooves 302 used as secondary radiation sources improve the gain and reduce side lobes by radiating the surface wave energy, and particularly, the height of the grooves 302 can be adjusted according to specific requirements.
In the specific manufacturing process, the second metal pillar 306, the third metal pillar 307, the fourth metal pillar 308, and the fifth metal pillar 309 are used to adjust the matching height, the positions thereof can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the length and the width of the coupling groove 313 can be adjusted according to actual requirements.
Referring to fig. 4, the structure diagram of the 16 × 16 antenna array of the present invention includes an upper layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer, where the upper layer is a 16 × 16 array of stepped waveguide horn arrays 401 disposed on a 59 mm × 78 mm aluminum plate 404, and the spacing between the stepped waveguide horns of the 16 × 16 array is the same as that of the stepped waveguide horns of the 2 × 2 sub-array in fig. 3 a; the middle layer is a third layer dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch array 402 of a 16 x 16 array, which is printed on a single layer of pcbrrogers 4003c material 405; the bottom layer is a one-to-128-circuit dielectric integrated waveguide cavity feed network which is arranged on a single layer of Rogers5880 material 406 with the thickness of 0.508mm, and the single layer of Rogers5880 materialεr= 2.2，tanδ= 0.0009 at 10 GHz, the third layer dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch array 402 is excited through the coupling aperture array 403.
For the convenience of measurement, a transmission transition 407 from the third dielectric integrated waveguide 408 to the WR-12 rectangular waveguide 409 is integrated on the input port of the stepped waveguide horn array of the 16 × 16 array, the structure of the transmission transition 407 is shown in the geometrical top view and the left view of fig. 5, and the transmission transition 407 is composed of a transmission transition cavity 410, a rectangular waveguide WR-12 and a fourth dielectric integrated waveguide SIW. The transmission transition cavity 410 is a rectangle surrounded by metal columns and comprises an upper transverse part 209, a first vertical part 210, a lower transverse part 211, a transmission window 411, a cavity back metal patch 412 and a second medium 203, wherein the upper transverse part 209 is formed by arranging six metal columns into a row parallel to the Y axis; the first vertical part 210 is formed by dividing six metal columns into two rows and is symmetrical about the X axis; the lower transverse part 211 is two metal columns symmetrical about the X axis, and the axial distance W of the two metal columnsw2Can be adjusted according to specific requirements. The cavity back metal patch 412 is a rectangular metal patch, and the cavity back metal patch 412 is disposed in the transmission window 411In part, the cavity back side metal patch 412 acts as a transformer of waveform and impedance to excite the third dielectric integrated waveguide 408. The rectangular waveguide WR-12 is located right above the transmission transition cavity 410, and the fourth dielectric integrated waveguide SIW structure is similar to the dielectric integrated waveguide of the unit antenna in fig. 2a, and the following table three lists the preferred dimensions of the transmission transition 407, where the dimensions are in mm:
watch III
To verify the proposed design, the applicant actually manufactured a 16 x 16 element array antenna of dimensions 59 mm x 78 mm, the size of the radiating hole of the 16 × 16 unit antenna array is 49 mm × 69 mm, and a product photo is shown in fig. 6, which is a top view, a left view and a bottom view of the 16 × 16 unit antenna array of the present invention, the feed layer and the middle layer of the 16 x 16 unit array antenna are respectively manufactured in Rogers5880 and Rogers4003c by standard single-layer PCB technology, the stepped waveguide horn with the groove is manufactured in aluminum by a milling process, the upper layer, the middle layer and the bottom layer are respectively processed, a stack of metal screws is then used, in order to establish a good electrical contact between the dielectric medium and the stepped waveguide horn, as shown in fig. 2b, a bottom metal plate with a thickness of 4.0mm is introduced to form a sandwich structure, and in particular, the antenna of the present invention does not require a bottom metal plate to be necessary when operating.
The reflection coefficient is measured by a Rohde & Schwarz vector network analyzer ZVA40 and a 60-90 GHz expander, as shown in FIG. 7, the simulation and measured reflection coefficient of the 16 × 16 unit antenna array of the present invention shows the simulation and measured reflection coefficient of the 16 × 16 unit antenna array, the reflected measured impedance bandwidth is less than-10 dB, the operating frequency range is 71-88.5 GHz, and the measured value highly matches the simulation value.
Referring to fig. 8, the results of the simulated and measured gains and antenna efficiencies of the 16 × 16 antenna array of the present invention show that, in the working range, the simulated gain is in the range of 31.4-33.1 dBi, the radiation aperture efficiency is greater than 90%, the simulated antenna efficiency is about 60%, the measured gain is in the range of 28.8-30.9dBi, the measured gain is about 2dB lower than the simulated gain, and the measured antenna efficiency is about 36%, the difference mainly comes from the unknown dielectric loss tangent of the substrate in the E band, and the substrate manufacturer only provides the loss tangent up to 10 GHz without providing the loss tangent in the millimeter wave range, and the design experience shows that the loss tangent of the substrate increases with frequency, and thus, the measured dielectric loss will be higher than the analog value.
Referring to fig. 9a to 9c, which show the simulation and measurement of the far-field radiation pattern of the 16 x 16 element antenna array of the present invention at frequencies of 71GHz, 78GHz and 86 GHz, respectively, the measured first side lobe level is about-12 dB over the whole operating bandwidth due to the secondary radiation of the notch, the measured radiation pattern is asymmetric at certain frequency points, and the first side lobe level at the negative angle is about 2dB higher than the first side lobe level at the positive angle, the simulation result shows that the difference is mainly caused by the processing error of the PCB, for example, the matching via of the T-shaped power splitter is shifted in the processing of the feeding network, the matching via shift will deteriorate the electric field amplitude and phase on the feeding network layer and the radiation hole, so the measured cross polarization level is lower than-35 dB, the simulated signal is less than-60 dB, at 71GHz, 78GHz and 86 GHz, the measured half-power beam widths of the electric field plane were 4.2 degrees, 3.8 degrees, and 3.5 degrees, respectively, and the measured half-power beam widths of the magnetic field plane were 3.2 degrees, 2.9 degrees, and 2.6 degrees at frequencies of 71GHz, 78GHz, and 86 GHz, respectively.
The broadband high-gain planar integrated array antenna has the advantages of good operation performance, wider working bandwidth, higher gain, small appearance and low cross polarization, and the antenna array provided by the invention is suitable for application in an E-band wireless backhaul system and is convenient for industrial popularization.
Claims (13)
1. The planar integrated array antenna is characterized in that the overall structure of the planar integrated array antenna comprises an upper layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer, wherein the upper layer is a stepped waveguide horn array (401), and the middle layer is a third dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch array (402); the bottom layer is a dielectric integrated waveguide cavity feed network, a third dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back patch array (402) is excited through a coupling hole array (403), the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity feed network integrates a transmission transition (407) from a third dielectric integrated waveguide (408) to a WR-12 rectangular waveguide (409), and the transmission transition (407) is composed of a transmission transition cavity (410), the rectangular waveguide WR-12 and a fourth dielectric integrated waveguide SIW.
2. A planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer is printed on a single layer of pcbrrogers 4003c material and the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity feed network is provided on a single layer of Rogers5880 material having a thickness of 0.508 mm.
3. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission transition cavity (410) is enclosed by metal posts to form a rectangle, and comprises an upper transverse portion (209), a first vertical portion (210), a lower transverse portion (211), a transmission window (411), a cavity back metal patch (412) and a second medium (203), wherein the upper transverse portion (209) is formed by six metal posts arranged in a row parallel to the Y-axis; the first vertical part (210) is formed by dividing six metal columns into two rows and is symmetrical about an X axis; the lower transverse part (211) is two metal columns which are symmetrical about the X axis, and the axial distance W of the lower transverse partw2Can be adjusted according to specific requirements; the cavity back metal patch (412) is a rectangular metal patch, the cavity back metal patch (412) is arranged inside the transmission window (411), and the cavity back metal patch (412) is used as a waveform and impedance converter to excite the third medium integrated waveguide (408); the rectangular waveguide WR-12 is located directly above the transmission transition cavity (410).
4. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planar integrated array antenna further comprises an antenna unit, the antenna unit (101) comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer comprises a first input port (102), a first dielectric integrated waveguide (103), a first dielectric integrated waveguide cavity (104), a first dielectric integrated waveguide cavity backside patch (105), a first dielectric (106), a first signal transition window (107); the upper layer comprises a first unit upper plate (108) and a first stepped waveguide horn (109).
5. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom layer has a coordinate origin at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and establishes an orthogonal coordinate system O-XYZ, the X axis is a longitudinal axis, the Y axis is a transverse axis, the Z axis vertically passes through the paper surface and faces to the outside of the paper, the bottom layer comprises a second input port (201) composed of two metal blocks (202) and a second dielectric (203), the metal blocks (202) are symmetrical about the X axis, and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the metal blocks (202) are respectively close to and perpendicular to the dielectric upper substrate (204) and the dielectric lower substrate (205); the second medium integrated waveguide (206) is composed of two rows of first metal columns (207), a medium upper base plate (204) and a medium lower base plate (205), the second medium integrated waveguide (206) is used for communicating a second input port (201) with a second medium integrated waveguide cavity (208), the second medium integrated waveguide cavity (208) is composed of an upper transverse part (209), a first vertical part (210), a lower transverse part (211) and a second medium (203), the upper transverse part (209) is composed of five metal columns, the five metal columns are arranged in a row in parallel to a Y axis, the first vertical part (210) is composed of four metal columns which are equally divided into two rows, and the two rows of metal columns are symmetrical about the X axis; the lower transverse part (211) is composed of two metal columns which are symmetrical about an X axis, the second medium (203) is composed of a medium upper bottom plate (204), a medium lower bottom plate (205) and an intermediate medium layer (214), the metal columns which form the second medium integrated waveguide cavity (208) are perpendicular to the medium upper bottom plate (204) and the medium lower bottom plate (205), the second signal transition window (212) is a rectangular window and is arranged right above the second medium integrated waveguide cavity (208), the metal patch (213) on the back of the second medium integrated waveguide cavity (208) is a rectangular metal sheet which is positioned inside the second signal transition window (212), the metal patch (213) is used as a converter of waveform and impedance to excite the second step waveguide horn (216), the two rows of first metal columns (207) are symmetrical about an X axis, and the upper bottom surfaces and the lower bottom surfaces of the first metal columns (207) are clung to and perpendicular to the medium upper bottom plate (204) and the medium lower bottom plate (205).
6. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the length of the metal block (202) in the X-axis direction is in the range of 1.60-4.3mm, the distance of the metal block (202) in the Y-axis direction is in the range of 2.032-4.7mm, and the width of the metal block (202) in the Y-axis direction can be adjusted to be 1.4mm according to requirements.
7. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cross-section of the metal pillar of the second dielectric integrated waveguide (206) and the second dielectric integrated waveguide cavity (208) is any one of rectangular, elliptical, T-shaped, cross-shaped, and dumbbell-shaped.
8. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the distance W between the axes of the two rows of the first metal postssiwThe size is 2.032-4.7mm, and the length value W of the upper transverse part (209)clIs 2.3mm, and the axial distance value W of the metal column of the lower transverse part (211)wlIs 1.34mm, and the distance L of the metal column circumference of the upper horizontal part (209) and the lower horizontal part (211) in the X directionclIs 1.2mm, the length W of the second signal transition window (212)alHas a value of 1.7mm and a width LalHas a value of 0.7mm and a length L of the metal patch (213)plHas a value of 1mm and a width WplIs 0.3mm, the distance H between the upper medium bottom plate (204) and the lower medium bottom plate (205)1Has a value of 0.508mm and a length L of the second medium (203) in the X-axis directionlIs 5mm, and a width W in the Y-axis directionlIs 5 mm.
9. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper layer is composed of a second unit upper plate (215) and a second stepped waveguide horn (216), the second unit upper plate (215) is a metal rectangular parallelepiped and is located on the upper portion of the dielectric upper plate (204), and the lower surface of the second unit upper plate (215) is tightly attached to the upper surface of the dielectric upper plate (204); second step waveguide loudspeaker (216) comprise feed waveguide (217) and loudspeaker port (218), feed waveguide (217) are located the inside of second unit upper plate (215), run through second unit upper plate (215) from the bottom up, loudspeaker port (218) are made by the metal block fluting, and it is located the upper portion of second unit upper plate (215), and loudspeaker port (218) further include waveguide groove (219) and radiation port (220), waveguide groove (219) are upwards extended by the waveguide in second unit upper plate (215) and are formed, and waveguide groove (219) intercommunication feed waveguide (217) and radiation port (220), radiation port (220) are made by the downward fluting in metal block top.
10. The planar integrated array antenna of claim 9, wherein the feed waveguide (217) has a width W in the X-axis directionrw1A length L in the Y-axis direction in the range of 1.60-4.3mmrw1The range is 2.032-4.7 mm; a width W of the radiation port (220)rw2Has a value of 1.7mm and a length Lrw2Has a value of 3.2mm, a radiation port depth Hrw2Is 0.7 mm.
11. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper-level ladder waveguide horn array further comprises a three-level 2X 2 sub-array ladder waveguide horn structure, the upper level of the 2X 2 sub-array ladder waveguide horn comprises four third ladder waveguide horns (301) and one groove (302), the third ladder waveguide horns (301) are divided into two columns and are symmetrical about the X-axis, the groove (302) is located between the two columns of the third ladder waveguide horns (301), and the depth value of the groove (302) is 0.9 mm; the middle layer of the 2 x 2 sub-array ladder waveguide horn comprises two pairs of opposite second dielectric integrated waveguide cavity back metal patches (303) for exciting a third ladder waveguide horn (301), the bottom layer of the 2 x 2 sub-array ladder waveguide horn is a power divider divided into two parts, the power divider consists of a transverse part (304) and a second vertical part (305), and the transverse part (304) is a metal column and the outline is rectangular; the 2 x 2 sub-array stepped waveguide horn further comprises a second metal column (306), a third metal column (307), a fourth metal column (308), a fifth metal column (309) and a sixth metal column (310), which are respectively symmetrical about the Y axis, wherein the second metal column (306), the third metal column (307), the fourth metal column (308), the fifth metal column (309) and the sixth metal column (310) are all used for adjusting and matching electromagnetic parameters; the second vertical part (305) consists of a feed port (311) and a transmission waveguide (312), two coupling grooves (313) are arranged at the upper part of the transverse part (304), and the coupling grooves (313) are symmetrical about an X axis and are communicated with the second dielectric integrated waveguide (206).
12. The planar integrated array antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the distance value between the YOZ plane of the antenna element (101) on the electric field plane and the XOZ plane of the magnetic field plane is either 4.1mm or 3.1 mm.
13. The planar integrated array antenna according to claim 11, wherein the coupling groove (313) is symmetrical about an X-axis and has a cross-sectional shape of any one of a rectangle, an ellipse, a T-shape, a cross-shape, and a dumbbell-shape.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115395251A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-25 | 上海交通大学 | Circular polarization integrated filter antenna array based on hybrid feed network |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115395251A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-25 | 上海交通大学 | Circular polarization integrated filter antenna array based on hybrid feed network |
| CN115395251B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-04-04 | 上海交通大学 | Circular polarization integrated filter antenna array based on hybrid feed network |
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