CN212610427U - Organic matter pyrolysis device - Google Patents
Organic matter pyrolysis device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212610427U CN212610427U CN202021629881.0U CN202021629881U CN212610427U CN 212610427 U CN212610427 U CN 212610427U CN 202021629881 U CN202021629881 U CN 202021629881U CN 212610427 U CN212610427 U CN 212610427U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an organic matter pyrolysis device, including pyrolysis chamber and backward flow cavity, the backward flow cavity covers the inner bottom of casing and passes through the baffle with the pyrolysis chamber and separate: the pyrolysis chamber is divided into a low-temperature heating section and a microwave heating section by a partition plate, the low-temperature heating section is provided with a gas radiation tube, the microwave heating section is provided with a microwave generator, and the tops of the low-temperature heating section and the microwave heating section are both provided with pyrolysis gas outlets; a spiral conveyor is arranged in the shell, the feeding end is positioned in the low-temperature heating section, the discharging end is positioned in the microwave heating section, the feeding end and the discharging end are respectively communicated with a shell material inlet and a shell material outlet, and the material inlet is provided with a spiral feeding machine; the flue gas outlet of the gas radiant tube is communicated with a reflux chamber, and the reflux chamber is communicated with a preheating interlayer of the spiral feeding machine; the pyrolysis gas outlet at the top of the low-temperature heating section is communicated with a settling chamber, and the output port of the settling chamber is communicated with a combustor. The utility model discloses can solve oily sludge pyrolysis residue not up to standard, secondary pollution is serious, easy coking, equipment and pipeline easily block up, the high scheduling problem of energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method, concretely relates to organic matter pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method belongs to solid useless processing and utilization technical field.
Background
The use of petroleum is very extensive, called the blood of economic development, and has become the strategic material of the world at present. Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, is one of the most important primary energy sources in the world at present, and is also a raw material of products of many chemical industries such as solutions, rubber, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, plastics and the like. The process inevitably produces oily sludge in the processes of crude oil exploitation, oil and gas gathering and transportation, petroleum refining and the like. The oil-containing sludge has huge production amount, and the sludge amount produced by the Chinese petrochemical industry reaches 500 million t/year.
The oily sludge is a complex brownish black sticky solid waste, has the characteristics of high viscosity, poor fluidity, difficult oil-water separation, easy coking and the like, and is listed in the national hazardous waste list. Along with the attention of China to the problem of the oil sludge pollution link and the increasingly strict environmental protection discharge standard, the discharge charge standard of untreated oil sludge is 1000-3000 yuan/ton, so that the production cost of enterprises is greatly increased, and the treatment of the oil-containing sludge has great market demand. Although the oily sludge is harmful, the oily sludge still contains considerable crude oil and other recyclable resources, and has great utilization value. How to recycle valuable resources of the oil sludge so as to realize clean utilization of resources is a significant subject worthy of research. At present, the treatment technology for recycling and harmlessly treating the oily sludge representing the future development direction is immature, and the research and accumulation are deficient.
The pyrolysis technology is a method widely used for resource treatment of oily sludge at home and abroad, and after the oily sludge is heated to a certain temperature under the anaerobic condition, hydrocarbons and organic matters in the oil sludge are pyrolyzed to generate a mixture of non-condensable gas, liquid-phase oil, sludge and coke. The carbon content in the generated residue is high, the residue can be recycled, and meanwhile, the pyrolysis method can also fix heavy metals in the oily sludge and reduce the pollution to the environment. Compared with the burning method, the method has low treatment process cost, is not easy to generate secondary pollutants, and has wide prospect and development space. The pyrolysis method for treating the oily sludge has a lot of petroleum substances recovered, and along with the strict control of the discharge index of the oily sludge, the process has the characteristics of thorough treatment, high speed, high resource recovery rate and the like, and becomes an important mode for treating the oily sludge.
The utility model discloses people discover through the research, and the bottleneck problems such as present oily sludge pyrolysis technology ubiquitous residue oiliness rate is not up to standard, secondary pollution is serious, easy coking, equipment and pipeline easily block up, energy consumption height have influenced the normal operating of pyrolysis equipment. For example, although various rotary pyrolysis furnaces and fluidized bed pyrolysis furnaces have good heat transfer conditions of materials in the furnaces, the rotary pyrolysis furnaces and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnaces are easy to generate dust (strong in viscosity), follow-up reactors and pipelines are easy to coke and block, and the rotary pyrolysis furnaces and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnaces have many moving parts and poor reliability. Such as:
patent No. 201720550705.X proposes a method for realizing material conveying and pyrolysis by using a traveling grate, but oil sludge is high in viscosity and has certain fluidity, the oil sludge is easy to adhere to a dead zone of the traveling grate or flow to the lower part of the traveling grate to form coking, so that local overheating is caused, the system sealing performance is poor, and the traveling grate is not suitable for being used for pyrolysis.
The patent of application number 201621367546.1 provides and carries out waste oil mud dregs of fat resourceful treatment's device with heat accumulation formula rotary hearth furnace, and fatlute mummification section adopts the hot-air heating, leads to the separation out of fatlute mummification in-process part low boiling organic gas easily, has the potential safety hazard, and needs to be equipped with hot-air heating device. The materials in the pyrolysis section are not fully mixed by adopting a rotary hearth furnace, the heating is not uniform, the heating time is long, the heat efficiency is low, and the oil content of the residue is difficult to reach the standard.
The patent with the application number of 201810889474.4 discloses a method and a system for treating oily sludge, wherein the treatment of the oily sludge is divided into 3 pyrolysis sections, a radiant tube is adopted as a heat source for heating in the whole process and is arranged at the top of a pyrolyzer, materials are arranged at the bottom of the pyrolyzer, and the problems are that the highest temperature in the pyrolyzer is the heat source and the parts above the heat source, and the temperature of the material area which needs to be heated is the lowest, so that a great amount of energy is wasted, and the heat efficiency is low; in addition, as the pyrolysis gas is led out from the top and just passes through the high-temperature section, the secondary reaction of oil-gas components is easily caused by local high temperature, the pyrolysis product is condensed and carbonized, the solidification tendency of oil-phase components is caused, and the pyrolysis gas is more prone to coking to block the pipeline. Meanwhile, substances with obvious toxicity such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the like can be generated due to the high-temperature cyclization, heavy polymerization and heavy condensation reaction, so that the difficulty of environment-friendly treatment and subsequent resource utilization of pyrolysis products is increased.
In addition, the material retention time of a pure horizontal spiral conveying structure is short, complete pyrolysis cannot be achieved frequently, or the oil content and pollutants of solid residues exceed the standard, meanwhile, the material is few in reduced mass (reduced by about 80%) and is accumulated at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, the space utilization rate is low, and therefore the heating efficiency of the system is low. The patent of application No. 201710129754.0 proposes an industrial scale pyrolysis treatment system and method for oily sludge, which requires pretreatment of the sludge, and the pyrolysis machine adopts a horizontal spiral rotary propulsion mode, although the retention time of the material is increased, the risk of coking is increased, and the reliability of the system is reduced by a plurality of sets of screw machines.
Due to the characteristics of selectivity and volume heating, the microwave heating can ensure that the internal temperature of the heated material is higher than the surface temperature, the heat and mass transfer directions are the same, the heating efficiency is high, the pyrolysis process is more thorough, the separation of a gas product is facilitated, and the yield and the quality of a liquid-phase product are high. Microwave heating has therefore found widespread use in today's pyrolysis processes. The existing pyrolysis furnace utilizing a microwave heating mode is designed in a plurality of ways, but no matter the pyrolysis furnace is vertical or horizontal, heat sources are all from microwave radiation, even the microwave radiation is completely utilized to carry out sludge drying, and because the initial sludge has high water content (about 80%), the energy consumption of water evaporation occupies most of the energy consumption of pyrolysis, so that the energy consumption of the whole system is high, and the actual utilization value is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing an organic matter pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method aiming at the defects existing in the prior art. The utility model discloses a pyrolysis device can solve organic matter, especially oily sludge pyrolysis residue not up to standard, secondary pollution is serious, easy coking, equipment and pipeline easily block up, the high scheduling problem of energy consumption.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an organic matter pyrolysis device, the main part is cuboid or square shape, confined casing for provide the space of pyrolysis, its characterized in that:
the shell comprises a pyrolysis chamber and a backflow chamber positioned at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, and the backflow chamber covers the inner bottom of the shell and is separated from the pyrolysis chamber through a baffle;
the front side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material inlet, the rear side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material outlet, and a baffle at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a screw conveyer; the feeding end of the spiral conveyor is communicated with the material inlet, and the discharging end of the spiral conveyor is communicated with the material outlet; the material inlet is communicated with a spiral feeding machine, the spiral feeding machine is positioned outside the shell, the input end is lower than the output end, the input end is provided with a hopper, and the output end is communicated with the material inlet; the material outlet is communicated with a slag discharge pipe, the slag discharge pipe is positioned outside the bottom end of the shell, and a slag discharge port of the slag discharge pipe is communicated with the hopper through a pipeline;
the inner top of the pyrolysis chamber is downwards provided with a partition plate, and the plate surface of the partition plate is parallel to the side walls of the front part and the rear part of the pyrolysis chamber and is vertical to the material conveying direction of the screw conveyor; the partition plate divides the pyrolysis chamber into a low-temperature heating section and a microwave heating section positioned behind the low-temperature heating section;
the inner top of the low-temperature heating section of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a gas radiant tube which is provided with a burner, and the burner is arranged on the side wall outside the shell; the burner is connected with the front end of the gas radiant tube through a line; the smoke outlet of the gas radiation pipe is communicated with the reflux cavity through a pipeline; the microwave heating section of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a microwave generator, and the microwave generator is arranged outside the section of the shell.
In the technical scheme, the screw conveyer is provided with a first motor, and the first motor is positioned outside the shell and is coaxially connected with the screw conveyer; the spiral feeding machine is provided with a second motor, and the second motor is located outside the shell.
In the technical scheme, the microwave generator is arranged at a position 1m away from the shell of the microwave heating section, and the microwave is guided into the microwave heating section by using the waveguide.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, spiral material loading machine, the outside of its conveying pipeline is provided with preheats and uses the intermediate layer, preheats and uses steam inlet and air conditioning export that the intermediate layer was provided with, steam inlet pass through the pipeline with the backward flow cavity be linked together, the air conditioning export pass through pipeline and flue gas processing apparatus. High-temperature flue gas flowing out of the backflow chamber enters the preheating interlayer to preheat materials (oily sludge) in a conveying pipe of the spiral feeding machine, so that the viscosity of the materials is effectively reduced, and the possibility of blockage in the conveying process is reduced; after preheating is finished, the flue gas flowing out of the preheating interlayer can enter a flue gas treatment device for purification treatment and then is discharged.
In the technical scheme, the top of the shell of the low-temperature heating section and the microwave heating section is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of each section.
In the technical scheme, the pyrolysis gas outlet at the top of the low-temperature heating section is preferably communicated with a settling chamber, the output port of the settling chamber is communicated with a burner through a pipeline, and the burner is also communicated with an external natural gas source. High-temperature flue gas generated by the combustor enters the gas radiation tube, the gas radiation tube is used as a high-temperature heat source to radiate heat to materials below, and pyrolysis gas settled in the settling chamber can also be directly introduced into the combustor to provide an air source for combustion of the combustor.
In the technical scheme, the settling chamber comprises at least one section of expanding structure. When pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis flows out of the settling chamber and flows through the expanding section, the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas is reduced, and dust carried in the pyrolysis gas settles under the action of gravity, so that the deposition of the pyrolysis gas conveying pipeline is favorably reduced. The combustor is used for providing high-temperature flue gas for the infrared heating pipe so as to provide material heating heat, the gas source mainly comes from combustible gas generated by organic matter self pyrolysis, and the insufficient part can be provided by external gas sources such as natural gas.
In the technical scheme, the feeding end of the spiral conveyor is positioned in the low-temperature heating section of the pyrolysis chamber, and the discharging end of the spiral conveyor is positioned in the microwave heating section of the pyrolysis chamber. The gas radiant tube in the low-temperature heating section heats and dries organic matters added into the shell, indirectly transfers gas heat to organic matter materials, realizes temperature rise and dehydration drying, and can solve the problem of high energy consumption of the microwave heating drying section.
In the above technical solution, the screw conveyor is a shaftless screw conveyor, and the material is pushed forward by rotation, and the screw conveyor is made of heat-resistant steel (0Cr25Ni20, i.e. SUS 310S). The shaftless screw conveyor is helpful for preventing materials from being adhered and winding.
In the technical scheme, the spiral conveyor is in a tapered structure and is obliquely arranged, the diameter of the spiral conveyor is gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end, namely, the spiral line is gradually contracted in the material advancing direction; and the bottom of the spiral line is horizontally contacted with the baffle plate to realize reasonable material conveying. The method mainly considers that the volume of materials can be obviously shrunk in the reaction process, so that the material volume is smaller and smaller along with the forward propulsion of a screw conveyor, even a thin layer is left at last and cannot cover the spiral line, the distance between a heat source and the materials is larger and larger, and the heating efficiency is lower and lower. The convergent structural style not only saves more materials and equipment, but also can reduce the distance between the microwave heating source and the screw conveyer, and is more favorable for energy conservation and consumption reduction of the pyrolysis section.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, screw conveyer, along a plurality of steel sheets of axis welding around its helix, play and copy the effect of scraping to pyrolyzer bottom material, be used for turning up the material, more be favorable to realizing the even heating of material. Similarly, this structure also can be applied in the spiral material loading machine, prevents that the strong fatlute of viscidity from agglomerating the jam in the pipeline, influencing system normal operating.
In the technical scheme, the outer wall and the inner wall of the fuel gas radiant tube are coated with a metal oxide high-temperature-resistant coating; the metal oxide is ZrO2、NiO、SrZrO3Any one, two or more of them are mixed in any proportion to form a mixture. The coking of carbon deposit, dust and the like generated in the pyrolysis furnace on the inner walls of the gas radiation pipe and the shell can be reduced, the dust deposit, the coking and the corrosion on a heating surface are reduced, and the system is more reliable to operate.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, gas radiant tube, the top is provided with the heat shield, the heat shield is the plate body of flat board, arc board or other forms, the aluminum alloy plate that the emissivity is little is chooseed for use to the heat shield. The high-temperature gas radiant tube is reflected to the lower space of the pyrolysis furnace after being shot to the heat shield, so that the ineffective radiation to the top space of the shell is prevented, the top temperature and the thicknesses of a corresponding fire-resistant layer and a corresponding heat-insulating layer are reduced, and the system is more energy-saving and consumption-reducing.
In the above technical solution, the number of the partition plates is at least 1 (preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4); the partition board is a detachable and mountable partition board; the clapboard is arranged in a movable mode. When setting up the baffle, the gaseous hygrometer that the accessible set up in different regions in furnace or calculate the back according to export flue gas parameter and confirm, therefore the baffle position sets up to the activity formula, is convenient for carry out suitable regulation according to different material characteristics.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the backward flow cavity, the outside is provided with the heat preservation, prevents thermal loss, waste. The high-temperature flue gas stream that the gas radiant tube produced circulates to the backward flow cavity, can play certain heating effect to the material from the bottom, realizes the even heating to the material more easily, improves the heating efficiency and the hot whole energy consumption of material.
The utility model discloses in, screw conveyer, spiral material loading machine, first motor, second motor, gas radiant tube, combustor, microwave generator, settling chamber are the product that the product sold in the field or exist.
The utility model also provides an organic matter pyrolysis method, including following step:
adding organic matters into a hopper, conveying the organic matters to a material inlet through a spiral feeding machine and entering a shell, carrying out pyrolysis after the organic matters are sequentially heated and dried by a low-temperature heating section and heated by microwaves by a microwave heating section under the conveying of the spiral conveyor, and respectively discharging pyrolysis gas generated after the pyrolysis of the low-temperature heating section and the microwave heating section after separation; and discharging the pyrolyzed solid residues from a slag discharge port of a slag discharge pipe.
In the technical scheme, the organic matter is oily sludge, municipal sludge, waste tires, waste plastics or waste oil, and is preferably oily sludge.
In the technical scheme, kaolin is added into the organic matter, and the addition amount of the kaolin is 1-5% of the weight of the organic matter. The addition of a certain amount of kaolin can increase the solidification rate of various heavy metals and reduce the leaching rate of the heavy metals. The addition amount is generally determined according to the metal content in the organic matter and the like.
In the technical scheme, a metal catalyst is added into the organic matter, and the metal catalyst is a mixture formed by mixing any one, two or more than two of CaO, MgO and NiO in any proportion; the addition amount of the metal catalyst is not more than 10% of the organic matter weight. The preparation of hydrogen-rich gas is realized by adding a catalyst (such as a metal catalyst) beneficial to hydrogen production, and the like, and the addition amount is generally determined according to the components of the generated gas.
In the technical scheme, the low-temperature heating section controls the heating and drying temperature to be 100-250 ℃; the microwave heating section controls the temperature of microwave heating to be 250-550 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the conveying speed of the spiral conveyor is 0.1-1 m/min.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the pyrolysis gas of high temperature that the low temperature heating section produced can also be led and sent the backward flow cavity of casing bottom to the material heating.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the pyrolysis gas of the high temperature that flows out in the backward flow chamber can also be guided and send to the preheating interlayer in the conveying pipeline outside of spiral material loading machine, preheats the material.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, inside solid residue can also be exported the casing through the material import circulation of casing.
The utility model discloses the people have tested the heating methods who all adopts the gas radiant tube in whole pyrolysis process in the research process, but the utility model discloses the people discover, although the gas radiant tube has better drying efficiency in the dry stage of organic matter (especially in oily sludge) anterior segment, and have lower energy consumption, but in the pyrolysis stage after drying organic matter, the gas radiant tube generally needs to be set up above oily sludge (like the top of casing), just so make the gas radiant tube obvious to the heating effect of its space around, lead to the gas space temperature above the oily sludge to be the highest in the pyrolysis oven, the pyrolysis oil gas that the pyrolysis of oily sludge produced takes place secondary reaction under this high temperature condition and generates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, reduce the quality of pyrolysis oil gas; meanwhile, the pyrolysis oil gas is easy to generate high-temperature condensation carbonization under the high-temperature condition, so that coking and carbon deposition in the shell and the pyrolysis gas conveying pipeline are caused. And the distance between the oily sludge and the gas radiation pipe is long, so that the pyrolysis efficiency of the oily sludge is influenced. Because the integral temperature of the pyrolysis environment of the heating mode is high, and the steam and the pyrolysis oil gas in the furnace are not effectively separated and mixed together, the gasification reaction of the steam and the oil gas molecules is easy to generate a non-condensable gas product, so that the non-condensable gas yield is high, the oil gas yield is low, and the economy is relatively poor. In addition, the gas radiant tube is heated towards four sides, which easily causes energy waste.
Utility model people try to adopt microwave heating with the pyrolysis stage after the oily sludge drying, because microwave heating can direct action in material itself for the highest temperature region reaches higher pyrolysis temperature easily in the pyrolysis oven bottom at material place in the casing, makes the pyrolysis more thorough, and the residue oiliness is lower, and the pyrolysis total time shortens more than 50%. Meanwhile, the temperature of the gas space at the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace is lower, so that the possibility of generating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by secondary reaction can be greatly reduced when pyrolysis oil gas passes through the region discharge system, the tendency of high-temperature condensation carbonization is reduced, and the coking and carbon deposition of the shell in the pyrolysis furnace and a pyrolysis gas conveying pipeline are reduced, so that the process is more environment-friendly, and the equipment is more reliable. In addition, compared with the traditional mode, the integral temperature of the microwave pyrolysis reaction is reduced, the gasification reaction of water vapor and oil gas molecules is greatly reduced, further, non-condensable gas in a pyrolysis product is reduced, the oil yield is high, and the recovered oil product with higher added value is more beneficial to improving the economic benefit of a system. And the drying section and the pyrolysis section are properly separated by adopting the partition plate, and the gas products generated in the two stages are properly isolated, so that the separation and utilization efficiency of subsequent products is improved.
From the above, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the oil sludge pyrolysis furnace adopts the traditional heating and microwave combined heating mode, adopts the traditional heating in the dehydration drying section of the front section, and adopts the microwave heating in the pyrolysis carbonization section of the rear section. The advantage of having adopted two kinds of heating methods has both avoided the higher dehydration drying section of energy consumption to adopt the mode of microwave heating, has compensatied the problem that traditional microwave pyrolysis fatlute system whole energy consumption is high, has realized the organic matching of different energy modes, and energy utilization efficiency improves by a wide margin. And the temperature is lower than that of a single conventional pyrolysis system, the reaction time is greatly shortened, and the energy is saved comprehensively.
(2) In the oil sludge dehydration drying section, the upper part of the fuel gas radiant tube is provided with the heat shield plate, so that the ineffective heat radiation from the infrared heating tube to the top is effectively reduced, and the system is more energy-saving.
(3) By adopting microwave heating in the pyrolysis carbonization section, the integral temperature of the space above the material in the section is greatly reduced, and the possibility of generating solid products such as coke and the like by secondary reaction of high-temperature oil gas products is reduced, so that the coking phenomenon of the system is greatly reduced, the degree of generating toxic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the like is also reduced, and efficient and harmless pyrolysis is realized.
(4) Along with the oil sludge pyrolysis carbonization section adopts microwave heating, the temperature of the region is lower than that of the traditional heating mode, so that the non-condensable gas product in the oil sludge pyrolysis product is reduced, the oil yield with higher economic value is increased, the content of aromatic compounds in the oil product is obviously reduced, the quality of a liquid-phase product is improved, and the economy of a pyrolysis system is improved.
(5) The residue discharged from the residue discharge port contains a large amount of carbon, and the carbon is used as a strong wave-absorbing medium to be added into organic matters (particularly oily sludge) again, so that the integral wave-absorbing capacity of the material in the material pyrolysis stage can be improved; meanwhile, the waste heat of the pyrolysis residue is utilized to preheat the material, so that the system is more energy-saving. Because the oil sludge pyrolysis carbonization section adopts the cyclic heating of the solid residues, the microwave heat absorption effect of the dried material is obviously improved, the heating efficiency of the system is improved, and the heavy metal content in the solid residues can be repeatedly burnt and cured at high temperature, and experiments show that the leaching rate of the heavy metals in the residue solids after microwave repeated pyrolysis is far lower than the relevant standards, and the heavy metal curing effect caused by the uneven heating temperature of the oil sludge caking in the traditional pyrolysis process is not ideal.
(6) The spiral conveyor adopts a reduction type structure and is arranged in an inclined mode, the volume shrinkage characteristic of materials in the pyrolysis process is fully considered, the material and the cost of the spiral conveyor are saved, and the heating efficiency of the system is improved.
(7) A plurality of steel plates are welded around the spiral line of the spiral conveyor in the pyrolysis furnace along the axis, the material at the bottom of the pyrolyzer is scraped so as to be turned, and uniform heating of the material is facilitated.
(8) The pyrolysis gas outlet at the top of the pyrolyzer is arranged to be of a reducing structure to realize inertial dust removal, so that the dust amount carried by gas is reduced, and the reduction of dust deposition of a pipeline is facilitated.
(9) The bottom of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with an interlayer, and the flue gas at the combustion outlet passes through the interlayer to insulate the system, so that the energy consumption of the whole system is reduced.
(10) After the flue gas leaves the intermediate layer, further get into fatlute feeding system, set up fatlute preheating interlayer along the conveying pipeline direction in fatlute spiral feeding system bottom, leave the interbedded flue gas of pyrolysis furnace and preheat the fatlute of intermediate layer top behind this intermediate layer to effectively reduce the material viscosity, alleviate the possibility that the defeated material process takes place to block up.
(11) Combustible gas generated by self pyrolysis of organic matters enters the combustor to burn so as to provide heat for the system, thus reducing the consumption of an external gas source and improving the economy of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the organic matter pyrolysis device of the present invention;
the device comprises a hopper 1, a hopper 2, a heat shield plate 3, a gas radiant tube 4, a partition plate 5, a settling chamber 6, a combustor 7, a screw conveyer 8, a slag discharge port 9, a reflux chamber 10, a first motor 11, a preheating interlayer 12 and a second motor.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following description:
the utility model provides an organic matter pyrolysis device, the main part be cuboid or square shape, confined casing for provide the space of pyrolysis, as shown in FIG. 1:
the shell comprises a pyrolysis chamber and a backflow chamber 9 positioned at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, wherein the backflow chamber covers the inner bottom of the shell and is separated from the pyrolysis chamber through a baffle;
the front side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material inlet, the rear side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material outlet, and a baffle at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a screw conveyor 7; the feeding end of the spiral conveyor is communicated with the material inlet, and the discharging end of the spiral conveyor is communicated with the material outlet; the material inlet is communicated with a spiral feeding machine, the spiral feeding machine is positioned outside the shell, the input end is lower than the output end, the input end is provided with a hopper 1, and the output end is communicated with the material inlet; the material outlet is communicated with a slag discharge pipe 8, the slag discharge pipe is positioned outside the bottom end of the shell, and a slag discharge port of the slag discharge pipe is communicated with the hopper 1 through a pipeline;
the inner top of the pyrolysis chamber is downwards provided with a partition plate 4, the plate surface of the partition plate is parallel to the front side wall and the rear side wall of the pyrolysis chamber, and the plate surface is vertical to the material conveying direction of the spiral conveyor 7; the partition plate divides the pyrolysis chamber into a low-temperature heating section and a microwave heating section positioned behind the low-temperature heating section; the number of the partition boards is at least 1 (preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4); the partition board is a detachable and mountable partition board;
the inner top of the low-temperature heating section is provided with a gas radiant tube 3 which is provided with a burner 6, and the burner is arranged on the side wall outside the shell; the burner is connected with the front end of the gas radiant tube through a line; the flue gas outlet of the gas radiation pipe is communicated with the reflux cavity 9 through a pipeline;
the microwave heating section is provided with a microwave generator, and the microwave generator is arranged outside the section of the shell (arranged at a position 1m away from the shell of the microwave heating section and used for guiding microwaves into the microwave heating section by using a waveguide);
the spiral conveyor is provided with a first motor 10, and the first motor is positioned outside the shell and is coaxially connected with the spiral conveyor; the spiral feeding machine is provided with a second motor 12, and the second motor is positioned outside the shell;
the top of the shell of the low-temperature heating section and the microwave heating section is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of each section;
the feeding end of the spiral conveyor 7 is positioned in the low-temperature heating section of the pyrolysis chamber, and the discharging end of the spiral conveyor is positioned in the microwave heating section of the pyrolysis chamber;
the utility model discloses an embodiment, spiral material loading machine, the outside of its conveying pipeline be provided with preheat with intermediate layer 11, preheat with the hot gas import and the air conditioning export that the intermediate layer was provided with, hot gas import through the pipeline with backward flow cavity) be linked together, the air conditioning export is through pipeline and flue gas processing apparatus.
In one embodiment of the utility model, the preferred intercommunication of pyrolysis gas export at low temperature heating section top have settling chamber 5, the delivery outlet of settling chamber is linked together through pipeline and combustor 6, the combustor still is linked together with outside natural gas source. The settling chamber 5 comprises at least one section of expanding structure.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the screw conveyor 7 is a shaftless screw conveyor, and the material is pushed forward by rotation, and the material of the screw conveyor is heat-resistant steel (0Cr25Ni20, i.e., SUS 310S); the spiral conveyor 7 is of a tapered structure and is obliquely arranged, the diameter of the spiral conveyor is gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end, namely, the spiral line is gradually reduced in the material advancing direction; and the bottom of the spiral line is horizontally contacted with the baffle plate to realize reasonable material conveying.
The utility model discloses an embodiment, screw conveyer 7, along a plurality of steel sheets of axis welding around its helix, play and copy the effect of scraping to pyrolyzer bottom material, be used for turning up the material, more be favorable to realizing the even heating of material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer wall and the inner wall of the gas radiant tube 3 are coated with a metal oxide high temperature resistant coating; the metal oxide is a mixture formed by mixing any one, two or more than two of ZrO2, NiO and SrZrO3 in any proportion.
The utility model discloses an embodiment, gas radiant tube 3, the top is provided with heat shield 2, the heat shield is the plate body of flat board, arc board or other forms, the aluminum alloy plate that the emissivity is little is chooseed for use to the heat shield.
The utility model discloses an embodiment, backward flow cavity 9, the outside is provided with the heat preservation, prevents thermal loss, waste.
The utility model also provides an organic matter pyrolysis method, including following step: adding organic matters into a hopper, conveying the organic matters to a material inlet through a spiral feeding machine and entering a shell, carrying out pyrolysis after the organic matters are sequentially heated and dried by a low-temperature heating section and heated by microwaves by a microwave heating section under the conveying of the spiral conveyor, and respectively discharging pyrolysis gas generated after the pyrolysis of the low-temperature heating section and the microwave heating section after separation; and discharging the pyrolyzed solid residues from a slag discharge port of a slag discharge pipe.
The present invention is illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments:
in the following embodiments of the present invention, the radiant heating pipe is self-made or matched by the manufacturer according to the selected burner power, the burner power range is very large, and is determined according to the heat required by the furnace body, generally 50kW is one set; the microwave generator type frequency can be 2450MHz or 915MHz, the set power is 50kW or 100kW, and different powers are selected according to different materials.
Example 1:
an organic matter pyrolysis device, the main body is a cuboid or cube-shaped closed shell for providing pyrolysis space, as shown in fig. 1:
the shell comprises a pyrolysis chamber and a backflow chamber 9 positioned at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, wherein the backflow chamber covers the inner bottom of the shell and is separated from the pyrolysis chamber through a baffle; the outer side of the backflow cavity 9 is provided with a heat insulation layer;
the front side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material inlet, the rear side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material outlet, and a baffle at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a screw conveyor 7; the feeding end of the spiral conveyor is communicated with the material inlet, and the discharging end of the spiral conveyor is communicated with the material outlet; the material inlet is communicated with a spiral feeding machine, the spiral feeding machine is positioned outside the shell, the input end is lower than the output end, the input end is provided with a hopper 1, and the output end is communicated with the material inlet; the material outlet is communicated with a slag discharge pipe 8, the slag discharge pipe is positioned outside the bottom end of the shell, and a slag discharge port of the slag discharge pipe is communicated with the hopper 1 through a pipeline; the spiral conveyor is provided with a first motor 10, and the first motor is positioned outside the shell and is coaxially connected with the spiral conveyor; the spiral feeding machine is provided with a second motor 12, and the second motor is positioned outside the shell;
the inner top of the pyrolysis chamber is downwards provided with a partition plate 4, the plate surface of the partition plate is parallel to the front side wall and the rear side wall of the pyrolysis chamber, and the direction of the partition plate is vertical to the direction of conveying materials by the screw conveyor 7; the partition plate divides the pyrolysis chamber into a low-temperature heating section and a microwave heating section positioned behind the low-temperature heating section; the partition board is a detachable and mountable partition board;
the inner top of the low-temperature heating section is provided with a gas radiant tube 3 which is provided with a burner 6, and the burner is arranged on the side wall outside the shell; the burner is connected with the front end of the gas radiant tube through a line; the flue gas outlet of the gas radiation pipe is communicated with the reflux cavity 9 through a pipeline; the microwave heating section is provided with a microwave generator, and the microwave generator is arranged outside the section of the shell (arranged at a position 1m away from the shell of the microwave heating section and used for guiding microwaves into the microwave heating section by using a waveguide);
the top of the shell of the low-temperature heating section and the microwave heating section is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet, pyrolysis gas generated by the microwave heating section is discharged, the pyrolysis gas outlet at the top of the low-temperature heating section is communicated with a settling chamber 5, an output port of the settling chamber is communicated with a burner 6 through a pipeline, and the burner is also communicated with an external natural gas source; the settling chamber 5 comprises a section of expanding structure;
the outer side of a conveying pipe of the spiral feeding machine is provided with a preheating interlayer 11, the preheating interlayer is provided with a hot air inlet and a cold air outlet, the hot air inlet is communicated with the backflow chamber through a pipeline, and the cold air outlet is communicated with a flue gas treatment device through a pipeline;
the feeding end of the spiral conveyor 7 is positioned in the low-temperature heating section of the pyrolysis chamber, and the discharging end of the spiral conveyor is positioned in the microwave heating section of the pyrolysis chamber; the screw conveyor 7 is a shaftless screw conveyor, forward pushing of materials is achieved through rotation, and the screw conveyor is made of heat-resistant steel (0Cr25Ni20, namely SUS 310S); the screw conveyor 7 is of a tapered structure and is obliquely arranged, the diameter of the screw conveyor is gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end, namely, the spiral line is gradually contracted in the material advancing direction; the bottom of the spiral line is horizontally contacted with the baffle plate to realize reasonable material conveying; welding a plurality of steel plates around the spiral line of the spiral conveyor along the axis;
the outer wall and the inner wall of the gas radiant tube 3 are coated with a metal oxide high-temperature resistant coating; the metal oxide is ZrO2(ii) a The gas radiant tube 3, the top is provided with heat shield 2, the heat shield is dull and stereotyped, chooses for use the aluminum alloy plate that the emissivity is little.
Example 2:
an organic matter pyrolysis method, wherein pyrolysis is carried out by using the device in example 1, comprises the following steps:
adding oily sludge into a hopper, conveying organic matters to a material inlet through a spiral feeding machine and entering a shell, and pyrolyzing the organic matters after heating and drying in a heating section and microwave heating in a microwave heating section in sequence under the conveying of the spiral conveyor; high-temperature pyrolysis gas generated by the heating section is guided into a reflux chamber at the bottom of the shell to heat the material, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the microwave heating section is separated and then discharged; the high-temperature pyrolysis gas flowing out of the backflow chamber can be guided into a preheating interlayer on the outer side of a material conveying pipe of the spiral feeding machine to preheat the material; the solid residue after pyrolysis can also be circularly conveyed back to the inside of the shell through the material inlet of the shell.
In the embodiment, the conveying speed of the screw conveyor is 0.1m/min, the heating and drying temperature is controlled to be 150 ℃, and the microwave heating temperature is controlled to be 450 ℃.
In this embodiment, the microwave generator may have a frequency of 915MHz, and a set of power of 50 kW.
In this embodiment: the pyrolysis rate of the oily sludge reaches 90 percent; the contents of heavy metals As, Cr, Pb and Cd in the residue are respectively 5.67, 0.46, 6.89 and 1.24 mg/L; CO in pyrolysis gas2、H2、CH4The contents of (A) are 30%, 15% and 10%, respectively.
Example 3:
an organic matter pyrolysis method, substantially the same as example 1, except that kaolin is added into the organic matter, wherein the addition amount of the kaolin is 1% of the weight of the organic matter.
In the embodiment, the pyrolysis rate of the oily sludge reaches 90 percent; the contents of heavy metals As, Cr, Pb and Cd in the residue are respectively 0.22, 0.16, 1.35 and 0.36mg/L, which are all lower than the corresponding waste control standard; CO in pyrolysis gas2、H2、CH4The contents of (A) are 30%, 15% and 10%, respectively.
Example 4:
an organic matter pyrolysis method is basically the same as that in example 1, except that a metal catalyst is added into the organic matter, the metal catalyst is CaO, and the addition amount is 10%.
In the embodiment, the pyrolysis rate of the oily sludge reaches 92 percent; the contents of heavy metals As, Cr, Pb and Cd in the residue are respectively 0.03, 0.12, 1.23 and 0.32 mg/L; CO in pyrolysis gas2、H2、CH4The contents of (A) are 10%, 31% and 21%, respectively.
In the embodiment, after the CaO catalyst is added, the purity of hydrogen and the heat value of fuel gas in the pyrolysis gas are greatly improved, and CO in the gas is greatly increased2The content is reduced from the previous 30 percent to 10 percent, H2、CH4The content of the hydrogen-containing component is improved by 50 percent.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the technical concept and technical features of the present invention, and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an organic matter pyrolysis device, the main part is cuboid or square shape, confined casing for provide the space of pyrolysis, its characterized in that:
the shell comprises a pyrolysis chamber and a backflow chamber (9) positioned at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, wherein the backflow chamber covers the inner bottom of the shell and is separated from the pyrolysis chamber through a baffle;
the front side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material inlet, the rear side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material outlet, and a baffle at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a screw conveyor (7); the feeding end of the spiral conveyor is communicated with the material inlet, and the discharging end of the spiral conveyor is communicated with the material outlet; the material inlet is communicated with a spiral feeding machine, the spiral feeding machine is positioned outside the shell, the input end is lower than the output end, the input end is provided with a hopper (1), and the output end is communicated with the material inlet; the material outlet is communicated with a slag discharge pipe (8), the slag discharge pipe is positioned outside the bottom end of the shell, and a slag discharge port of the slag discharge pipe is communicated with the hopper (1) through a pipeline;
the inner top of the pyrolysis chamber is downwards provided with a partition plate (4), the plate surface of the partition plate is parallel to the side walls of the front part and the rear part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the direction of the partition plate is vertical to the direction of conveying materials by the spiral conveyor (7); the partition plate divides the pyrolysis chamber into a low-temperature heating section and a microwave heating section positioned behind the low-temperature heating section;
the inner top of the low-temperature heating section of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a gas radiant tube (3) which is provided with a burner (6) in a matching way, and the burner is arranged on the side wall of the outer part of the shell; the burner is connected with the front end of the gas radiant tube through a line; the smoke outlet of the gas radiation pipe is communicated with the reflux chamber (9) through a pipeline; the microwave heating section of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a microwave generator, and the microwave generator is arranged outside the section of the shell.
2. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the spiral conveyor is provided with a first motor (10), and the first motor is positioned outside the shell and is coaxially connected with the spiral conveyor; the spiral feeding machine is provided with a second motor (12), and the second motor is positioned outside the shell; the microwave generator is arranged at a position 1m away from the shell of the microwave heating section, and the microwave is guided into the microwave heating section by using the waveguide.
3. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the outer side of a conveying pipe of the spiral feeding machine is provided with a preheating interlayer (11), the preheating interlayer is provided with a hot air inlet and a cold air outlet, and the hot air inlet is communicated with the backflow chamber (9) through a pipeline; and the outer side of the backflow cavity (9) is provided with a heat insulation layer.
4. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the top of the shell of the low-temperature heating section and the microwave heating section is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of each section; a pyrolysis gas outlet at the top of the low-temperature heating section is also communicated with a settling chamber (5), an output port of the settling chamber is communicated with a burner (6) through a pipeline, and the burner is also communicated with an external natural gas source; the settling chamber (5) comprises at least one section of expanding structure.
5. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and the feed end of the spiral conveyor (7) is positioned in the low-temperature heating section of the pyrolysis chamber, and the discharge end of the spiral conveyor is positioned in the microwave heating section of the pyrolysis chamber.
6. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the screw conveyor (7) is a shaftless screw conveyor, forward pushing of materials is achieved through rotation, and the screw conveyor is made of heat-resistant steel.
7. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the spiral conveyor (7) is of a tapered structure and is obliquely arranged, the diameter of the spiral conveyor is gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end, namely, the spiral line is gradually reduced in the material advancing direction; and the bottom of the spiral line is horizontally contacted with the baffle.
8. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of steel plates are welded around the spiral line of the spiral conveyor (7) along the axis.
9. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the outer wall and the inner wall of the fuel gas radiant tube (3) are coated with metal oxide high-temperature resistant coatings.
10. An organic matter pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a heat shield (2) is arranged above the gas radiant tube (3), the heat shield is a flat plate or an arc plate, and the heat shield is made of an aluminum alloy plate with low emissivity; the number of the partition boards is at least 1, the partition boards are detachable and mountable, and the partition boards are arranged in a movable mode.
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| CN115448560A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-09 | 陕西青朗万城环保科技有限公司 | Microwave combustion-supporting treatment method and control system thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115448560A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-09 | 陕西青朗万城环保科技有限公司 | Microwave combustion-supporting treatment method and control system thereof |
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