CN211320562U - Single-frequency optical fiber laser - Google Patents
Single-frequency optical fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN211320562U CN211320562U CN201922233910.5U CN201922233910U CN211320562U CN 211320562 U CN211320562 U CN 211320562U CN 201922233910 U CN201922233910 U CN 201922233910U CN 211320562 U CN211320562 U CN 211320562U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model discloses single-frequency fiber laser. The single-frequency fiber laser comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a first active fiber, a polarization controller and a second active fiber, wherein the first active fiber is provided with a pi phase shift grating; the output end of the pumping source is connected with the pumping input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first end of the first active optical fiber, the second end of the first active optical fiber is connected with the first end of the polarization controller, and the second end of the polarization controller is connected with the first end of the second active optical fiber. The utility model discloses technical scheme can realize having simplified the light path structure under the prerequisite that does not influence laser instrument single frequency performance, has reduced the quantity of optic fibre device, will export the side mode rejection ratio simultaneously and improve nearly 10dB, and the polarization performance of output laser also can improve, can satisfy practical application's demand better.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the utility model provides a relate to the laser instrument technique, especially relate to a single frequency fiber laser.
Background
Single frequency lasers are one of the leading research topics in the field of optoelectronic research. Due to the good coherence characteristic, the single-frequency laser is used as a light source in a novel sensing system with ultra-long distance, ultra-high precision and ultra-high sensitivity. The method has important application in the fields of petroleum detection, military and national defense, pipeline monitoring, laser radar, submarine communication, sensing systems, spectral analysis and the like. Due to the advantages of miniaturization, easy integration and the like, the all-fiber integrated single-frequency fiber laser is receiving more and more attention.
In order to realize a single-frequency laser with an all-fiber structure, three technical schemes of a ring cavity, Distributed Bragg Reflection (DBR) and Distributed Feedback (DFB) are mainly adopted at present. The ring cavity is a traveling wave resonant cavity and has the advantages of narrow longitudinal mode interval and narrow intrinsic line width, but the ring cavity has a complex structure and is easily interfered by external environments such as vibration, temperature, sound and the like, and the mode hopping phenomenon is easily caused due to unstable mode in the cavity. The DBR type single-frequency laser uses a section of rare earth ion doped fiber as a gain medium, two ends of the rare earth ion doped fiber are respectively welded with a broadband fiber grating and a narrowband fiber grating as front and rear cavity mirrors of a resonant cavity, and in order to obtain stable single longitudinal mode output without mode hopping, the length of the gain fiber is required to be short enough, generally in the centimeter magnitude, so that the influence of the external environment can be reduced. But at the same time, in order to obtain sufficient output power, the gain of the gain fiber is required to be sufficiently large, i.e., the doping concentration is required to be sufficiently high. Therefore, for the DBR type single-frequency laser, the preparation of the gain fiber with high doping concentration and the effective fusion connection between the very short gain fiber and the grating with two ends as cavity mirrors are two major technical problems in the implementation process of the DBR type single-frequency laser, so that the DBR type single-frequency laser in the market is few in quantity and high in cost. The DFB type single frequency laser is characterized in that an active area and a feedback area of a laser resonant cavity of the DFB are integrated, and laser feedback and laser mode selection are realized simultaneously. By writing the pi phase shift grating on the active fiber, the gratings at two ends of the pi phase shift can be regarded as two cavity mirrors of the laser. Compared with the common grating, the longitudinal refractive index modulation of the phase shift grating generates a pi phase jump in the middle position of the grating, and a transmission window with extremely narrow line width exists in the center of a reflection spectrum stop band, so that the phase shift grating has very good mode selectivity. The wavelength of the narrow band transmission window of the phase shift grating depends on the magnitude of the phase shift, and when the phase shift is pi, the narrow band transmission wavelength is the bragg wavelength at which laser light is emitted when the pump light excitation exceeds the threshold. The existing DFB type single-frequency laser uses the conventional optical path structure design, has the problems of low direct output power, low side mode suppression ratio and the like, and can meet certain application requirements only by additionally amplifying at the rear end. And the latter amplification causes deterioration of the side mode suppression ratio and polarization extinction ratio of the output laser, thereby limiting the application of the laser.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides a single-frequency fiber laser to the realization has simplified the light path structure under the prerequisite that does not influence laser instrument single-frequency performance, has reduced fiber device's quantity, will export the side mode rejection ratio simultaneously and improve nearly 10dB, and the polarization performance of output laser also can improve, can satisfy practical application's demand better.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a single-frequency fiber laser, including pumping source, wavelength division multiplexer, first active optical fiber, polarization controller and second active optical fiber, be provided with pi phase shift grating on the first active optical fiber;
the output end of the pumping source is connected with the pumping input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first end of the first active optical fiber, the second end of the first active optical fiber is connected with the first end of the polarization controller, and the second end of the polarization controller is connected with the first end of the second active optical fiber.
Optionally, the optical fiber module further comprises an output isolator, and an input end of the output isolator is connected to the second end of the second active optical fiber.
Optionally, the optical fiber in the polarization controller is a polarization maintaining optical fiber;
the second active fiber is a polarization maintaining fiber.
Optionally, the optical fiber in the output isolator is a polarization maintaining optical fiber.
Optionally, the first active optical fiber and the second active optical fiber are doped with the same rare earth element.
Optionally, the first active fiber is an erbium-doped fiber, an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber or a ytterbium-doped fiber;
the second active optical fiber is erbium-doped fiber, erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber or ytterbium-doped fiber.
Optionally, the first active fiber is an erbium-doped fiber or an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, the second active fiber is an erbium-doped fiber or an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, and the output wavelength range of the single-frequency fiber laser is 1528nm to 1561 nm; or
The first active optical fiber is an ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the second active optical fiber is an ytterbium-doped optical fiber, and the output wavelength range of the single-frequency optical fiber laser is 1025 nm-1090 nm.
Optionally, the pump source comprises at least one 976nm single-mode pump laser.
Optionally, the pump source includes a plurality of 976nm single-mode pump lasers, and the wavelength division multiplexer includes a plurality of pump input ends;
and the output end of each 976nm single-mode pump laser is connected with one pump input end of the wavelength division multiplexer.
Optionally, the polarization controller is an embedded type extruded optical fiber type polarization controller or a three-ring type mechanical polarization controller.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a single-frequency fiber laser, including pumping source, wavelength division multiplexer, first active fiber, polarization controller and second active fiber, be provided with pi phase shift grating on the first active fiber; the output end of the pumping source is connected with the pumping input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first end of the first active optical fiber, the second end of the first active optical fiber is connected with the first end of the polarization controller, and the second end of the polarization controller is connected with the first end of the second active optical fiber. Provide the required pump light of production laser through the pump source, through set up pi phase shift grating on first active optical fiber, thereby produce single-frequency seed laser, single-frequency seed laser modulation is single-frequency polarization laser through polarization controller, remaining pump light and single-frequency polarization laser get into second active optical fiber, realize the enlarged output of single-frequency polarization laser, with the realization under the prerequisite that does not influence laser instrument single-frequency performance, the light path structure has been simplified, the quantity of fiber device has been reduced, improve nearly 10dB with output side mode rejection ratio simultaneously, the polarization performance of output laser also can improve, can satisfy practical application's demand better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-frequency fiber laser in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-frequency fiber laser provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another single-frequency fiber laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another single-frequency fiber laser provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the output spectrum of the single frequency fiber laser of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an output spectrum of the single frequency fiber laser of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like used in the embodiments of the present invention are described in terms of the drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, in this context, it is also to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be directly formed on "or" under "the other element or be indirectly formed on" or "under" the other element through an intermediate element. The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and not for purposes of limitation, and do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
The single-frequency laser refers to a laser in which a resonant cavity of the laser outputs laser light with a single frequency, not all frequencies in the resonant cavity of the laser can generate resonance, and light waves meeting a constructive interference condition can form stable distribution and obtain maximum intensity in back-and-forth reflection in the cavity:
thereby obtaining
Where n denotes the refractive index of the medium in the cavity, q denotes the number of modes in the longitudinal mode, and c denotes the speed of light in vacuum. Adjacent spacing in the cavity is
If only one frequency component is present in the longitudinal mode spacing, then a single frequency laser is identified.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-frequency fiber laser in the prior art. Referring to fig. 1, the single-frequency fiber laser includes a 976nm single-mode pump laser 1, an 20/80 spectral ratio splitter 2, a first wavelength division multiplexer 3, a pi phase shift grating (active) 4, a polarization controller 5, a first isolator 6, a second wavelength division multiplexer 7, an active fiber 8, and a second isolator 9 connected in the manner shown in fig. 1, the single-frequency fiber laser divides the pump light 976nm single-mode pump laser 1 into two paths through one 20/80 spectral ratio splitter 2, and one path (20% output end) is loaded to the pi phase shift grating 4 through the first wavelength division multiplexer 3, thereby generating a single-frequency seed laser; and the other path (80% output end) of the pump light is loaded to an active optical fiber 8 through a second wavelength division multiplexer 7, and the active optical fiber 8 is a polarization maintaining optical fiber and amplifies single-frequency laser. And a polarization controller 5 is connected behind the pi phase shift grating 4 to ensure the polarization of the output laser. The first isolator 6 and the second isolator 9 are respectively connected between the single-frequency seed laser and the amplifying light path and at the final output end, so that the adverse effect of return light on the performance of the laser is avoided.
The single-frequency fiber laser shown in fig. 1 will bring extra noise due to the amplification optical path connected to the back of the seed laser; in addition to polarization maintaining devices used in this portion of the optical path and polarization maintaining fusion processes, the polarization performance is also degraded. This solution necessarily results in a deterioration of the side-mode suppression ratio and polarization extinction ratio of the output laser, thereby limiting the application of the laser.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single mode fiber laser with a simplified structure. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-frequency fiber laser according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the single-frequency fiber laser provided in this embodiment includes a pump source 10, a wavelength division multiplexer 20, a first active fiber 30, a polarization controller 40, and a second active fiber 50, where a pi phase shift grating is disposed on the first active fiber 30; the output end of the pump source 10 is connected to the pump input end of the wavelength division multiplexer 20, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer 20 is connected to the first end of the first active fiber 30, the second end of the first active fiber 30 is connected to the first end of the polarization controller 40, and the second end of the polarization controller 40 is connected to the first end of the second active fiber 50.
Wherein the pump source 10 is used for providing the pump light required for generating laser light, and optionally, the pump source comprises at least one 976nm single-mode pump laser. The 976nm single-mode pump laser may be a semiconductor laser for fiber output, and the output end is connected to the pump input end of the wavelength division multiplexer 20. Taking the three-port wavelength division multiplexer 20 as an example, the wavelength division multiplexer 20 includes a common input end, a pump input end and an output end, wherein the common input end is vacant, the output end is connected with the first active fiber 30, the pump input end is connected with the pump source 100, and the fiber used by each port of the wavelength division multiplexer 20 is a single mode fiber matched with the corresponding transmission wavelength. The first active fiber 30 and the second active fiber 40 may be the same kind of active fiber, wherein the first active fiber 30 is provided with a pi phase shift grating for generating single-frequency seed laser. The polarization controller 40 is used to make the single-frequency seed laser form a single-frequency polarized laser. Alternatively, the polarization controller 40 may be an embedded type extruded fiber type polarization controller or a three-ring type mechanical polarization controller. When the embedded extrusion optical fiber type polarization controller is used, only the optical fiber in the system is required to be placed in a groove at the top of the polarization controller, the optical fiber is fixed through two baffle plates, and the control of the polarization state in the optical fiber is realized by rotating the adjusting part of the polarization controller; when the three-ring mechanical polarization controller is used, the optical fiber is wound in the optical fiber grooves in the three rings in a specific mode, and the polarization state in the optical fiber is controlled through the position of the adjusting ring.
For example, in one embodiment, the first active fiber 30 only needs about 100mW of pump light to enter the pi-phase shift grating to generate the single-frequency seed laser, so that hundreds of mW of pump light enters the second active fiber 50 together with the single-frequency seed laser after passing through the polarization controller 40, thereby amplifying the single-frequency seed laser. By selecting the appropriate active optical fiber length, a single-frequency laser output of tens of mW can be obtained, and the single-frequency laser can be designed according to requirements during specific implementation.
In this embodiment, since the post-amplification optical path is removed, the number of devices such as an optical splitter and a wavelength division multiplexer in the original scheme can be reduced, the number of polarization-maintaining fusion-splicing points is also reduced, the cost can be effectively reduced, and the polarization performance and the signal-to-noise ratio performance of the output laser are greatly improved compared with the existing scheme.
The technical scheme of this embodiment, provide the required pump light of production laser through the pump source, through set up pi phase shift grating on first active fiber, thereby produce single-frequency seed laser, modulate single-frequency seed laser for single-frequency polarization laser through polarization controller, surplus pump light and single-frequency polarization laser get into second active fiber, realize the enlarged output of single-frequency polarization laser, with the realization under the prerequisite that does not influence laser instrument single-frequency performance, the light path structure has been simplified, the quantity of optical fiber device has been reduced, simultaneously improve nearly 10dB with output side mode rejection ratio, the polarization performance of output laser also can improve, can satisfy practical application's demand better.
On the basis of the above technical solution, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another single-frequency fiber laser provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 3, optionally, the single-frequency fiber laser provided by the present embodiment further includes an output isolator 60, and an input end of the output isolator 60 is connected to the second end of the second active fiber 50.
It will be appreciated that the output isolator 60 serves to prevent the return light within the laser from adversely affecting the performance of the laser, and is beneficial to improving the performance of single-frequency fiber lasers.
Optionally, the pump source may comprise a plurality of 976nm single-mode pump lasers, and the wavelength division multiplexer comprises a plurality of pump input terminals; the output end of each 976nm single-mode pump laser is connected with one pump input end of the wavelength division multiplexer.
It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, for example where a single frequency laser is required to output high power, a single pump may not suffice, and the pump source may be arranged to comprise a plurality of 976nm single mode pump lasers. Exemplarily, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another single-frequency fiber laser provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, the pump source 10 includes 3 976nm single-mode pump lasers, respectively 976nm single-mode pump lasers 11, 12, 13, and the wavelength division multiplexer 20 includes a plurality of pump input terminals; the output end of each 976nm single-mode pump laser 11-13 is connected with one pump input end of the wavelength division multiplexer 20.
The pump source 10 shown in fig. 4 includes 3 976nm single-mode pump lasers 11-13, which is only schematic, and in other embodiments, the 976nm single-mode pump laser 11 and the wavelength division multiplexers 20 with corresponding port numbers may be selected according to actual requirements, so as to increase the output power of the single-frequency laser.
In the single-frequency fiber laser in the above embodiment, optionally, the optical fiber in the polarization controller 40 is a polarization maintaining optical fiber; the second active fiber 50 is a polarization maintaining fiber. Optionally, the optical fiber in the output isolator 60 is a polarization maintaining fiber.
By arranging the polarization maintaining fibers in the polarization controller 40, the second active fiber 50 and the output isolator 60, the polarization performance of the output single-frequency laser can be improved, and the polarization extinction ratio can be improved.
Optionally, the first active fiber 30 and the second active fiber 50 are doped with the same rare earth element.
Optionally, the first active fiber 30 is an erbium-doped fiber, an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, or a ytterbium-doped fiber; the second active fiber 50 is erbium doped fiber, erbium ytterbium co-doped fiber or ytterbium doped fiber.
Optionally, the first active fiber 30 is an erbium-doped fiber or an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, the second active fiber 50 is an erbium-doped fiber or an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, and the output wavelength range of the single-frequency fiber laser is 1528nm to 1561 nm; or the first active fiber 30 is an ytterbium-doped fiber, the second active fiber 50 is an ytterbium-doped fiber, and the output wavelength range of the single-frequency fiber laser is 1025nm to 1090 nm.
Through setting up first active fiber 30 and second active fiber 50 for the active optical fiber who is doped with the same rare earth element, second active fiber 50 produces effective the enlargies to seed laser, and the single-frequency laser that the output satisfies the power requirement, and concrete doping element, doping concentration and fiber length can be selected according to actual demand, the embodiment of the utility model provides a do not limit to this.
Illustratively, taking an erbium-doped fiber as an example, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an output spectrum of the single-frequency fiber laser in fig. 1, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an output spectrum of the single-frequency fiber laser in fig. 3, as can be seen from comparing fig. 5 and fig. 6, the side-mode suppression ratio of the single-frequency fiber laser in the prior art is 55.37dB, and the side-mode suppression ratio of the single-frequency laser in this embodiment is 65.22dB, which is improved by about 10dB compared with the prior art. The polarization extinction ratio of the single-frequency fiber laser in the graph 1 is measured to be 17.87dB through the polarization extinction ratio measuring instrument, the polarization extinction ratio of the single-frequency fiber laser in the embodiment is 20.73dB, and compared with a box body in the prior art, the polarization extinction ratio is improved by about 3 dB.
It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A single-frequency fiber laser is characterized by comprising a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a first active fiber, a polarization controller and a second active fiber, wherein the first active fiber is provided with a pi phase shift grating;
the output end of the pumping source is connected with the pumping input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first end of the first active optical fiber, the second end of the first active optical fiber is connected with the first end of the polarization controller, and the second end of the polarization controller is connected with the first end of the second active optical fiber.
2. The single-frequency fiber laser of claim 1, further comprising an output isolator, an input end of the output isolator being connected to the second end of the second active fiber.
3. The single-frequency fiber laser of claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical fiber within the polarization controller is a polarization maintaining fiber;
the second active fiber is a polarization maintaining fiber.
4. The single-frequency fiber laser of claim 2, wherein the fiber in the output isolator is a polarization maintaining fiber.
5. The single-frequency fiber laser of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first active fiber is erbium-doped fiber, erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, or ytterbium-doped fiber;
the second active optical fiber is erbium-doped fiber, erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber or ytterbium-doped fiber.
6. The single-frequency fiber laser of claim 5, wherein the first active fiber is erbium-doped fiber or erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, the second active fiber is erbium-doped fiber or erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, and the output wavelength of the single-frequency fiber laser is 1528nm to 1561 nm; or
The first active optical fiber is an ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the second active optical fiber is an ytterbium-doped optical fiber, and the output wavelength range of the single-frequency optical fiber laser is 1025 nm-1090 nm.
7. The single-frequency fiber laser of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pump source comprises at least one 976nm single-mode pump laser.
8. The single-frequency fiber laser of claim 7, wherein the pump source comprises a plurality of 976nm single-mode pump lasers, and the wavelength division multiplexer comprises a plurality of pump inputs;
and the output end of each 976nm single-mode pump laser is connected with one pump input end of the wavelength division multiplexer.
9. The single-frequency fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the polarization controller is an embedded extruded fiber type polarization controller or a tricyclic mechanical type polarization controller.
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