CN210714645U - Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type underground steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery - Google Patents
Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type underground steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A supercritical water heat combustion type underground steam generator for thermal recovery of thickened oil is mainly composed of a top end cover, a middle end cover, a backflow stable combustion area shell, a main reaction area shell and a mixing area shell which are sequentially connected and assembled, wherein a cyclone fuel inlet and a heating rod are arranged on the top end cover, an insertion hole of the heating rod penetrates through the center of the middle end cover, a main combustion hole jet fuel inlet, a main combustion hole jet oxidant inlet, a cooling water inlet and a cyclone nozzle are arranged on the middle end cover, the cyclone nozzle is communicated with the cyclone fuel inlet, a composite spiral wall is circumferentially wrapped on the inner side of the backflow stable combustion area shell, a main combustion nozzle structure is arranged at the bottom end of the backflow stable combustion area shell, the inner wall of the main reaction area shell is a spiral cooling wall, the main combustion hole jet oxidant inlet, the main combustion hole jet fuel inlet and the cooling water inlet are respectively communicated with the main combustion nozzle structure and the spiral cooling, the utility model discloses a directly high-efficient steam that produces in the stratum has avoided the calorific loss among the steam transportation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy oil recovery, and particularly relates to a supercritical hydrothermal combustion type underground steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery.
Background
At present, steam is generated on the ground by a steam injection boiler and is injected into a well to combine three heavy oil thermal recovery technologies of steam huff and puff, steam flooding and Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) to recover heavy oil, and the modes mainly have the following bottlenecks, (1) the heat loss is large. The smoke exhaust loss of the ground steam generating device is about 20 percent, the heat loss of the ground gas transmission pipeline is about 15 percent, the heat loss of the injected shaft is about 10 percent per kilometer, and the overall heat efficiency is low; (2) the reservoir depth is limited. The application depth of steam removal huff and puff reaches 1800 meters, and the steam flooding and SAGD technology with higher recovery efficiency is mainly applied to oil reservoirs with the depth within 1200 meters. (3) The ground steam generating device occupies a large area. The device can not be arranged on an offshore oil exploitation platform with limited space, and the exploitation of offshore heavy oil is limited.
The supercritical hydrothermal combustion is a novel combustion mode in which fuel or organic waste with a certain concentration and an oxidant generate a violent oxidation reaction in a supercritical water (T is more than or equal to 374.15 ℃ and p is more than or equal to 22.12MPa), and the flame is supercritical hydrothermal flame. Supercritical hydrothermal flame is usually above 800 ℃, and the degradation of organic matters is remarkably accelerated by local high temperature in a hydrothermal flame area (most of organic matters can be degraded within 100 milliseconds), so that a large amount of heat is released, and even the supercritical hydrothermal flame can be used as a means for obtaining energy. This combustion mode has several significant advantages, (1) has millisecond reaction rates. (2) The reactor has high heat exchange efficiency and compact structure, and is particularly suitable for being used as a source of underground steam. (3) The reaction product is only CO2And water vapor, no pollution, and CO2Can reduce viscosity by activityFurther improving the development effect and realizing 100 percent utilization of the product. The oil extraction technology with multiple thermal fluids is characterized by that the fuel and oxidant are injected into downhole multiple thermal fluid generator, and combusted in high-pressure closed environment to gasify water, and the gas (N) is used2And CO2) The synergistic effect of the crude oil and steam is a technology for exploiting crude oil by the mechanisms of gas dissolution viscosity reduction, gas pressurization, heating viscosity reduction, gas-assisted crude oil gravity drive and the like. Compared with the traditional ground boiler gas injection, the technology has the advantages of small pollution, high heat efficiency, high recovery rate and the like.
The supercritical hydrothermal combustion type underground steam generation technology formed by combining a multi-hot fluid oil production technology and a supercritical hydrothermal combustion technology can realize higher recovery ratio and safety of thick oil, is not limited by well depth, liberates a large amount of oil layers, perfectly solves development of medium-deep thick oil, and overcomes the problems of high energy consumption and high pollution caused by a steam generation mode of a traditional boiler. The successful application of the supercritical water heat combustion type underground steam generation technology is not separated from the research and development design of the supercritical water heat combustion type underground steam generator, mainly because the space in an oil well is limited, the reactor needs to realize stable combustion and one-level good temperature and pressure control under a certain volume, and the safe and stable operation is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a supercritical water heat combustion type underground steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery, which aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption and high pollution of a gas injection boiler in the heavy oil thermal recovery and steam injection process. The invention particularly relates to a downhole steam generator which provides a reaction environment for high-pressure fuel and an oxidant conveyed from the ground, and simultaneously allows cooling water to enter, so that high-temperature water vapor is generated while the cooling function is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a supercritical water heat combustion type is steam generator in pit for viscous crude thermal recovery, mainly by the top end cover, the middle part end cover, backward flow surely fires district's shell, main reaction zone shell and mixing district shell connect gradually the assembly and constitute, wherein, be equipped with swirler fuel entry and axial heating rod on the top end cover, the heating rod patchhole runs through middle part end cover center, be equipped with main combustion hole efflux fuel entry on the middle part end cover, main combustion hole efflux oxidant entry, cooling water entry and whirl nozzle, whirl nozzle and swirler fuel entry intercommunication, backflow is steady burning district's shell inboard circumference parcel composite spiral wall, the bottom is equipped with main burning nozzle structure, main reaction zone shell inner wall is the spiral cooling wall, the bottom is equipped with the export aperture, mixing district shell bottom is equipped with mixing district shell export, composite spiral wall has inside, in, outside three helical passage, main combustion hole efflux oxidant entry passes through interior helical passage, the spiral passage, The main combustion hole jet fuel inlet is communicated with the main combustion nozzle structure through the middle spiral channel, the cooling water inlet is communicated with the spiral cooling wall through the outer spiral channel, finally, a backflow stabilizing area is formed between the swirl nozzle and the main combustion nozzle structure, a main reaction area is formed between the main combustion nozzle structure and the small outlet hole, and a blending area is formed between the small outlet hole and the outlet of the blending area shell.
The invention is further improved in that an annular combustion stabilizing wall made of refractory materials is arranged around the swirl nozzle at the top of the backflow combustion stabilizing area, and the annular combustion stabilizing wall is integrally horn-shaped from top to bottom.
The invention is further improved in that the spiral cooling wall wraps the main reaction zone, the bottom of the shell of the main reaction zone is contracted and closed and is provided with a plurality of outlet small holes with certain angles to be used as a spraying channel of the fluid after the high-temperature reaction.
The invention is further improved in that the cooling water inlet is communicated with a gap between the shell of the blending region and the spiral cooling wall, and the cooling water is spirally sprayed out through the outlet 19 of the spiral cooling wall and further mixed with the fluid after high-temperature reaction to generate steam.
The invention is further improved in that a plurality of throttling and pressure controlling structures are arranged in the device: the primary fuel entering from the fuel inlet of the swirler is mixed with the primary oxidant and then enters the backflow stable combustion area through the annular stable combustion wall with the sudden expansion structure; the bottom of the spiral cooling wall is closed and provided with a plurality of outlet small holes with certain angles; the bottom of the shell of the mixing area is of a closing-in structure.
The invention has the further improvement that the main combustion nozzle structure is positioned between the composite spiral wall at the upper part and the spiral cooling wall at the lower part, two rows of annular holes are arranged on the main combustion nozzle structure, the annular holes at the upper row are main oxidant combustion holes, and the annular holes at the lower row are main fuel combustion holes; the upper row of ring holes are communicated with the spiral channel in the composite spiral wall, the lower row of ring holes are communicated with the spiral channel in the composite spiral wall, the central lines of the two rows of ring holes are intersected at one point, and the intersection point is positioned in the main reaction zone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. integrated combustion-pressure control: the equipment is internally provided with a plurality of throttling and pressure controlling structures, so that the condition that the hydrothermal combustion needs to be kept above the supercritical pressure is ensured, and the inside of the reactor is subjected to a plurality of adjustments: the bottom of the spiral cooling wall is closed and sealed, and only a plurality of small holes are formed, so that the high-temperature product is guaranteed to be mixed with cooling water; the shell of the mixing area is also subjected to closing-in treatment.
2. The safety is high: the composite cooling wall separates three materials of fuel, oxidant and cooling water, and absorbs heat released by combustion for preheating, thereby saving energy, achieving the purpose of protecting the reactor, preventing the reactor from being burnt at high temperature and even exploding, and overcoming the safety problem of the conventional multi-element thermal fluid generator in the application process.
3. The flame stability is good: the fuel flow and the oxidant flow in the reactor are divided into two stages respectively, the fuel of the swirler is used for ignition and stable combustion, and the jet fuel of the main combustion hole is used for releasing energy to evaporate cooling water; the middle end cover is fixed with a refractory material near the swirl nozzle and used for absorbing heat to stabilize combustion in the combustion process; the top of the reactor is provided with a high-power heating rod which is kept open in the working process of the reactor, so that the materials are preheated to a certain degree; the nozzle structure can be replaced by other types of nozzles, so that the fuel and the oxidant are fully mixed and reacted.
4. The thermal efficiency is high: after the underground steam generator is placed at the bottom of a well and fixed, a large amount of heat released after fuel and oxidant are subjected to hydrothermal combustion reaction can directly evaporate cooling water, so that steam can be directly and efficiently generated in the formation, the heat loss in the steam conveying process is avoided, and a feasible oil extraction device is provided for deep wells, ultra-deep wells and offshore heavy oil exploitation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Wherein: a1-a backflow stabilizing zone, A2-a main reaction zone, 1-a swirler fuel inlet, 2-a main combustion hole jet fuel inlet, 3-a fixing bolt, 4-a spiral cooling wall, 5-a heating rod, 6-a top end cover, 7-a main combustion hole jet oxidant inlet, 8-a cooling water inlet, 9-a middle end cover, 10-a swirl nozzle, 11-an annular stabilizing combustion wall, 12-a backflow stabilizing zone shell, 13-a composite spiral wall, 14-a main combustion nozzle structure, 15-a main reaction zone shell, 16-a mixing zone shell, 17-a spiral cooling wall outlet small hole and 18-a mixing zone shell outlet.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged (upper) view of the supercritical hydrothermal flame generator.
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a supercritical hydrothermal flame generator.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the supercritical water-heating combustion type downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery of the present invention is mainly composed of a top end cover 6, a middle end cover 9, a backflow combustion stabilizing zone casing 12, a main reaction zone casing 15 and a blending zone casing 16 which are sequentially connected and assembled by fixing bolts 3.
Wherein, be equipped with swirler fuel entry 1 and axial heating rod 5 on the top end cover 6, the 5 patchholes of heating rod run through middle part end cover 9 center, be equipped with main burning hole efflux fuel entry 2 on the middle part end cover 9, main burning hole efflux oxidant entry 7, cooling water entry 8 and swirler nozzle 10, swirler nozzle 10 and swirler fuel entry 1 intercommunication, further can arrange annular steady burning wall 11 that refractory material made around swirler nozzle 10, annular steady burning wall 11 is the loudspeaker form from the top down wholly. The swozzle 10 can be a spiral nozzle, and the fuel part and the oxidant part in the structure can be replaced to realize matching.
The inner side of the shell 12 of the backflow stable combustion area is circumferentially wrapped with a composite spiral wall 13, the bottom end of the shell is provided with a main combustion nozzle structure 14, and the composite spiral wall 13 adopts a three-layer composite mechanism and is provided with an inner spiral channel, a middle spiral channel and an outer spiral channel. The main combustion nozzle structure 14 is positioned between the composite spiral wall 13 at the upper part and the spiral cooling wall 4 at the lower part, two rows of annular holes are formed on the main combustion nozzle structure, the annular holes at the upper row are main combustion holes of oxidant, and the annular holes at the lower row are main combustion holes of fuel; the upper row of ring holes is communicated with the spiral channel in the composite spiral wall 13, the lower row of ring holes is communicated with the spiral channel in the composite spiral wall 13, and the central lines of the two rows of ring holes are converged at one point.
The inner wall of the shell 15 of the main reaction zone is wrapped with a spiral cooling wall 4, fixed in a clamping groove mode, and the bottom of the shell is contracted and sealed and provided with a plurality of outlet small holes 17 with certain angles to be used as a spraying channel of fluid after high-temperature reaction. The bottom end of the blending zone housing 16 is provided with a blending zone housing outlet 18.
The main combustion hole jet flow oxidant inlet 7 is communicated with the main combustion nozzle structure 14 through an inner spiral channel of the composite spiral wall 13 and the main combustion hole jet flow fuel inlet 2 is communicated with a middle spiral channel of the composite spiral wall 13, the cooling water inlet 8 is communicated with a gap between the blending area shell 16 and the spiral cooling wall 4 through an outer spiral channel of the composite spiral wall 13, and cooling water is spirally sprayed out through the spiral cooling wall outlet 19 and then mixed with fluid after high-temperature reaction to generate steam.
Finally, a backflow stabilizing area A1 is formed between the swirl nozzle 10 and the main combustion nozzle structure 14, a main reaction area A2 is formed between the main combustion nozzle structure 14 and the outlet orifice 17, a blending area A3 is formed between the outlet orifice 17 and the blending area housing outlet 18, the backflow stabilizing area A1, the main reaction area A2 and the blending area A3 are three main functional areas inside the steam generator, the annular combustion stabilizing wall 11 is located at the top of the backflow stabilizing area A1, the main reaction area A2 is wrapped by the spiral cooling wall 4, and the intersection point of the center lines of two rows of annular holes of the main combustion nozzle structure 14 is located in the main reaction area A2.
The steam generator of the invention relates to various throttling and pressure controlling structures: the primary fuel entering from the fuel inlet 1 of the swirler is mixed with the primary oxidant and then enters a backflow stable combustion area A1 through the annular stable combustion wall 11 with the sudden expansion structure; the bottom of the spiral cooling wall 4 is closed and provided with a plurality of outlet small holes 17 with certain angles; the bottom of the mixing region shell 16 is of a closing-in structure.
According to the above structure, the starting mode of the present invention: the high power heating rod is first started to initially preheat the primary fuel entering from the swirler fuel inlet 1, at which time the control flow is as low as possible. The primary fuel atomized and sprayed through the swirl nozzle 10 and the primary oxidant sprayed spirally are mixed and reacted near the annular combustion stabilizing wall 11, and ignition is realized. The secondary fuel and the secondary oxidant with higher flow respectively flow through the main combustion hole jet fuel inlet 2 and the main combustion hole jet oxidant inlet 7 through the composite spiral wall 13, are sprayed out from the main combustion nozzle structure 14, are converged at one point to react, and release heat in a large amount after combustion. The cooling water enters the generator through the cooling water inlet 8, the temperature of the main reaction zone A2 is controlled through the spiral cooling wall 4, and finally the cooling water flows out from the gap between the mixing zone shell 16 and the spiral cooling wall 4 to be mixed with high-temperature reactants, so that a large amount of high-temperature steam is generated, and the obtained high-temperature steam is finally sprayed out from the mixing zone shell outlet 18.
In conclusion, the multi-element thermal fluid oil extraction technology and the supercritical water thermal combustion technology are combined, steam is efficiently generated in the formation directly, heat loss in the steam conveying process is avoided, high-efficiency energy-saving thick oil thermal extraction equipment is provided for deep wells, ultra-deep wells and offshore thick oil extraction, the problems of high energy consumption and high pollution in the underground thick oil thermal extraction process of the traditional steam injection boiler are solved, a reaction environment is provided for high-pressure fuel and an oxidant conveyed from the ground, cooling water is allowed to enter, high-temperature water steam is generated underground while the cooling function is achieved, and the purpose of efficient thick oil thermal extraction is achieved.
Claims (6)
1. A supercritical water heat combustion type downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery is characterized by mainly comprising a top end cover (6), a middle end cover (9), a backflow combustion stabilizing zone shell (12), a main reaction zone shell (15) and a mixing zone shell (16) which are sequentially connected and assembled, wherein the top end cover (6) is provided with a cyclone fuel inlet (1) and an axial heating rod (5), an insertion hole of the heating rod (5) penetrates through the center of the middle end cover (9), the middle end cover (9) is provided with a main combustion hole jet fuel inlet (2), a main combustion hole jet oxidant inlet (7), a cooling water inlet (8) and a cyclone nozzle (10), the cyclone nozzle (10) is communicated with the cyclone fuel inlet (1), the inner side of the backflow combustion stabilizing zone shell (12) is circumferentially wrapped by a composite spiral wall (13), and the bottom end is provided with a main combustion nozzle structure (14), the inner wall of a main reaction zone shell (15) is a spiral cooling wall (4), the bottom end of the main reaction zone shell is provided with an outlet small hole (17), the bottom end of a mixing zone shell (16) is provided with a mixing zone shell outlet (18), the composite spiral wall (13) is provided with an inner spiral channel, a middle spiral channel and an outer spiral channel, a main combustion hole jet flow oxidant inlet (7) passes through the inner spiral channel, a main combustion hole jet flow fuel inlet (2) passes through the middle spiral channel, a main combustion nozzle structure (14) is communicated, a cooling water inlet (8) is communicated with the spiral cooling wall (4) through the outer spiral channel, a backflow stabilizing zone (A1) is finally formed between the swirl nozzle (10) and the main combustion nozzle structure (14), a main reaction zone (A2) is formed between the main combustion nozzle structure (14) and the outlet small hole (17), and a mixing zone shell outlet (18) is formed between the outlet small hole (17) and the mixing zone.
2. The supercritical water heat combustion type downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery according to claim 1, wherein an annular combustion stabilizing wall (11) made of refractory material is arranged around the top swirl nozzle (10) of the backflow combustion stabilizing zone (A1), and the annular combustion stabilizing wall (11) is integrally horn-shaped from top to bottom.
3. The supercritical water heat combustion type downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spiral cooling wall (4) wraps the main reaction zone (a2), and the bottom of the main reaction zone housing (15) is shrunk and closed and provided with a plurality of outlet small holes (17) with certain angles to be used as the ejection channels of the high-temperature reacted fluid.
4. The supercritical water heat combustion type downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery according to claim 3, wherein the cooling water inlet (8) is communicated with a gap between the blending zone casing (16) and the spiral cooling wall (4), and the cooling water is spirally ejected through the spiral cooling wall outlet (19) and then mixed with the fluid after the high temperature reaction to generate steam.
5. The supercritical hydrothermal combustion type downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of throttling and pressure controlling structures are arranged inside the device: the primary fuel entering through the swirler fuel inlet (1) is mixed with the primary oxidant and then enters a backflow stable combustion area (A1) through the annular stable combustion wall (11) with the sudden expansion structure; the bottom of the spiral cooling wall (4) is closed and is provided with a plurality of outlet small holes (17) with certain angles; the bottom of the mixing area shell (16) is of a closing-in structure.
6. The supercritical water thermal combustion type downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery according to claim 1, wherein the main combustion nozzle structure (14) is located between the upper composite spiral wall (13) and the lower spiral cooling wall (4), and is provided with two rows of ring holes, wherein the upper row of ring holes are oxidant main combustion holes, and the lower row of ring holes are fuel main combustion holes; the upper row of ring holes are communicated with the spiral channel in the composite spiral wall (13), the lower row of ring holes are communicated with the spiral channel in the composite spiral wall (13), the central lines of the two rows of ring holes are intersected at one point, and the intersection point is positioned in the main reaction zone (A2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921777184.7U CN210714645U (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2019-10-22 | Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type underground steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery |
| PCT/CN2020/079100 WO2021077660A1 (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2020-03-13 | Supercritical hydrothermal combustion-type downhole steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery |
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| CN201921777184.7U CN210714645U (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2019-10-22 | Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type underground steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110644962A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-03 | 西安交通大学 | Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type underground steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery |
| CN113310362A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-27 | 南京理工大学 | Fuel gas generator with cooling chamber |
| CN113685159A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-23 | 西安交通大学 | Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device and method with safety guarantee |
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2019
- 2019-10-22 CN CN201921777184.7U patent/CN210714645U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110644962A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-03 | 西安交通大学 | Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type underground steam generator for heavy oil thermal recovery |
| CN113310362A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-27 | 南京理工大学 | Fuel gas generator with cooling chamber |
| CN113310362B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2024-05-03 | 南京理工大学 | Gas generator with cooling chamber |
| CN113685159A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-23 | 西安交通大学 | Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device and method with safety guarantee |
| CN113685159B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-06-21 | 西安交通大学 | Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device and method with safety guarantee |
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