CN207696043U - A kind of miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is related to a kind of miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tools, belong to digit ctrol machine tool field.The lathe is mainly made of lathe bed module, lathe subsystem, work station subsystem, column subsystem, numerical control tank, printing head and electro spindle, which is integrated with four kinds of machining functions such as turning, milling, 3D printing and 3D printing and turning Compound Machining.Wherein, lathe subsystem matches achievable turnery processing with work station subsystem, work station subsystem matches achievable Milling Process with column subsystem and electro spindle, work station subsystem matches achievable 3D printing with column subsystem and printing head, and lathe subsystem, work station subsystem, column subsystem and printing head match achievable 3D printing and turning Compound Machining.The machine bed accessory has the characteristics of structure formed, function and service, realizes the combination of increase and decrease material manufacture, can be used for turning, Milling Process and the increase and decrease material Compound Machining for covering type component of small parts.

Description

A kind of miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool

Technical field

The utility model is related to a kind of micro-machining device more particularly to a kind of miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tools, fit Disposable manufacture, the milling of parts, turnery processing and 3D printing for covering type component.

Background technology

In manufacturing field, 3D printing belongs to a kind of increasing material manufacturing method, and turning, milling and drilling etc. then belongs to one kind and subtracting material Manufacturing method, and it is that a kind of by increasing material manufacturing and can subtract material and manufacture two kinds of manufacturing methods and organically combine to increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool Lathe.In Miniature machine tool field, domestic Miniature machine tool has a single function or only increasing material manufacturing function or only at present Have and subtract material manufacture function, and the automatization level of Miniature machine tool is relatively low, subtracts material manufacture class Miniature machine tool mostly and be all made of manual behaviour The working method of work, low production efficiency.The automatization level of external lathe is relatively high, and the composite processing machine tool also having realizes Increase and decrease material manufacturing technology combination, but still there are lathes it is expensive, bulky the shortcomings of, be unfavorable for the general of lathe And the and external combination also realized increasing seldom on Miniature machine tool, subtract material manufacturing technology.Increase and decrease the miniature of material composite manufacture device Change, multifunction and a popular necessary trend for having become the following miniature numerical control machine development.

Utility model content

The utility model is related to a kind of miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tools；The lathe is mainly by lathe bed module, lathe A few part compositions such as system, work station subsystem, column subsystem, numerical control tank, printing head and electro spindle.The lathe has Structure formed feature, it is compact-sized, overall volume is smaller, light quality, therefore manufacturing cost can be greatly saved, Convenient for the universal of the Miniature machine tool；Miniature machine tool is integrated with turning, milling, 3D printing and 3D printing and turning Compound Machining etc. Four kinds increase, subtract material manufacturing method, realize the combination of increase and decrease material manufacture, both can be individually into driving on a Miniature machine tool It cuts, milling or 3D printing, same parts can also be increased, subtract material Compound Machining, production efficiency is greatly improved；This is miniature Increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool and be furnished with special digital control system, all processing types are all realized automation, can greatly be carried High processing efficiency and processing and manufacturing quality.

To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is：A kind of miniature increase and decrease material composite processor Bed, mainly include lathe bed module, lathe subsystem, work station subsystem, column subsystem, numerical control tank, printing head and Several parts such as electro spindle, it is characterized in that：The lathe bed module includes mainly lathe bed, Z carriage rails module, the driving of Z plankers Unit, X carriage rails module and X planker driving units, the Z carriage rails module and Z planker driving units are mounted on The lower section of lathe bed, and installed along the vertical equity of lathe bed, Z planker driving units push external execution unit in Z carriage rail moulds Side-to-side movement on the guide rail of group, the X carriage rails module and X planker driving units are horizontally arranged at the upper surface of lathe bed, And it is longitudinally mounted along lathe bed, X planker driving units push external execution unit in the guide rail upper edge guide rail of X carriage rail modules Axial side-to-side movement；The lathe subsystem is set to the left end of lathe bed module, and lathe subsystem includes mainly headstock, main shaft Driving motor, main driving wheel, from driving wheel, transmission belt, main axle unit, scroll chuck and turner etc., the main shaft Driving motor drives main shaft rotation by transmission belt；The work station subsystem includes mainly X plankers, workbench, workbench Driving unit, table slide module, knife rest and 3D printing tablet, the cunning of the X plankers bottom surface and X carriage rail modules Block is fixedly connected, and X plankers can carry out left and right linear motion along the guide rail of X carriage rail modules, and X plankers are internally provided with X-axis The top of driving unit, X plankers both sides is equipped with a pair of of X-axis guide rail module, and the workbench is set to the top of X plankers, work The bottom surface of platform is fixedly connected with the sliding block of the connecting seat of X-axis driving unit and X-axis guide rail module, and the X-axis driving unit pushes away Dynamic workbench moves along a straight line on the guide rail of X-axis guide rail module, and one end of the workbench is equipped with knife rest, the knife rest Upper clamping has turning cutting tool, the other end of the workbench to be equipped with 3D printing tablet；The column subsystem is mainly dragged including Z Plate, column, crossbeam, Y plankers, spindle box, Y carriage rails module, Y plankers driving unit, spindle box driving unit, spindle box are led Rail module and printing head, printing head can also be changed to electro spindle, the Z plankers bottom surface and Z carriage rail modules Sliding block be fixedly connected, the upper surface of Z plankers is fixedly connected with the nut of Z planker driving units, Z planker driving units push Z Planker moves along a straight line along the guide rail of Z carriage rail modules, meanwhile, the end of Z plankers is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of column, institute The column stated is installed in vertical direction, and top is equipped with crossbeam, and the end face of the crossbeam is fixedly connected with the side of column, horizontal Beam is mutually parallel with Z plankers, and the crossbeam is internally provided with Y planker driving units, and the lower edges of side are equipped with a pair of Y plankers Guide rail module, the Y plankers installed in vertical direction are additionally provided in crossbeam side, and the right side of the Y plankers is driven with Y plankers simultaneously The connecting seat of moving cell is fixedly connected with the sliding block of Y carriage rail modules, and the Y plankers driving unit pushes Y plankers in Y plankers The guide rail upper edge guide rail axial linear movement of guide rail module, the Y plankers are internally provided with spindle box driving unit, Y plankers left side The two edges in face are equipped with a pair of of main spindle box guiding rail module, and Y plankers left side is additionally provided with the spindle box of vertical direction installation, the master The right side of axle box is fixedly connected with the connecting seat of the sliding block of main spindle box guiding rail module and spindle box driving unit simultaneously, spindle box Driving unit pushes spindle box to be done along guide rail on the guide rail of main spindle box guiding rail module and moves along a straight line up and down, on the spindle box Equipped with printing head, to be detachably connected between printing head and spindle box, printing head is clamped by main shaft cover plate and is installed It moves up and down in spindle box, and with spindle box；The Z plankers driving unit, X plankers driving unit, the driving of Y plankers The structure and composition all same of unit and spindle box driving unit, the only difference of specifications and models include driving motor, driving Several parts such as motor mounting plate, shaft coupling, connecting seat, leading screw, nut and leading screw support base；The Z carriage rails module, The structure and composition of X carriage rails module, Y carriage rails module and main spindle box guiding rail module also all same, only model specification Difference, they include two guide rails and 4 sliding blocks, wherein two guide rails are mutually parallel, and guide rail and sliding block match and merge It can be moved in a straight line along guide rail.

Operation principle

The utility model is related to miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool have turnery processing, Milling Process, 3D printing with And four kinds of machining functions such as turning and 3D printing Compound Machining.When turning to be carried out and 3D printing Compound Machining, the micro computer All axis of bed link together, and process principle and process are specific as follows：First, by workpiece to be processed clamping lathe three-jaw On chuck, main shaft and workpiece to be processed is driven to rotate by the spindle drive motor of lathe subsystem, meanwhile, X planker driving units The station subsystem that pushes the work forward is moved downward in the Z-direction of lathe coordinate system, and workbench driving unit pushes the work forward platform in lathe The X-direction of coordinate system moves forward and backward, and the lathe tool on knife rest carries out turning to the surface of workpiece to be processed.Turning process terminates Afterwards, lathe subsystem main shaft stops operating, and X planker driving units pull work station subsystem to move right to the right side of bed piece End, then stops.Then, Z plankers driving unit starts, and pushes column subsystem integrally to move downward until nozzle arrival is to be added The surface of position to be processed of work workpiece, then Y plankers driving unit and spindle box driving unit respectively drive Y plankers and spindle box It is moved in the X-axis and Y direction of lathe coordinate system, printing head can do two dimensional surface movement in X/Y plane at this time, and will The axle center line position of the nozzle alignment workpiece to be processed of nozzle, i.e., by the above X plankers driving unit, Y plankers driving unit and Spindle box driving unit, nozzle realize XYZ three-shaft linkages in lathe coordinate system, and the nozzle of nozzle have been navigated to be processed The work surface of workpiece, and the axis line location of the position of nozzle and workpiece to be processed is in the same perpendicular, i.e. YZ In plane.Then, nozzle will at the uniform velocity spray after printed material heating melting from nozzle, and the main shaft of lathe subsystem, which starts to drive, to be waited for Workpieces processing slowly rotates, and the material after melting heating to nozzle is coated in the surface of workpiece to be processed, coated material Material is in annular shape and has certain thickness, wherein the material and workpiece to be processed itself after heating melting have adhesion, waits for work Part rotates a circle, and nozzle is to coat a loop material on the surface of workpiece, completes a working cycles.Then Z plankers driving unit Push column subsystem is whole to feed a unit distance to the left, i.e., the width of one circle coating material, nozzle continuation is to be processed Workpiece surface coats another circle hot melt material, so recycles.It waits for that the right end in nozzle workpiece surface region to be processed gradually coats to add After work to the left position of workpiece, spindle box driving unit pulls spindle box and nozzle in the Y direction of lathe coordinate system again A unit distance is moved upwards, i.e., the thickness of one circle coat, then column subsystem is whole again in Z planker driving units Gradually workpiece is coated to the right under pulling, is so a systemic circulation, until coating processing needed for workpiece to be processed surface Part Print All complete.Finally, it according to the difference of actual processing request, may also need to the outer of workpiece surface printable layer Surface is processed again, to improve the suface processing quality of workpiece, is just needed after 3D printing process at this time, again right The outer surface of workpieces processing carries out a turnery processing, this process is consistent with the first turning process of workpiece.When only carrying out turning When processing, the column subsystem of the Miniature machine tool does not work, rest part for realizing main shaft in lathe subsystem rotation with And the two-axle interlocking of machine coordinates X and Z axis, i.e. the two-axle interlocking of X plankers and workbench, wherein main shaft drives in lathe subsystem Motor drives main shaft rotation, spindle nose to be equipped with scroll chuck and wait for turner, three-jaw by driven wheel and transmission belt It is fixedly connected between chuck and main shaft, waits for turner clamping on scroll chuck, to realize spindle drive motor band motor-car Turning work piece rotates, while X plankers driving unit and workbench driving unit push the work forward station subsystem and workbench in machine respectively The Z axis and X-direction of bed coordinate system carry out linear reciprocating motion, and worktable upper surface is equipped with knife rest, and clamping has lathe tool on knife rest, To which the two-axle interlocking of Z plankers driving unit and workbench driving unit is converted into the two dimension of the lathe tool on knife rest in the horizontal plane Plane motion, along with the rotary motion of main shaft in lathe subsystem, by wait for turner for finished surface material from level to level The turnery processing for waiting for turner is realized in removal；When only carrying out Milling Process, lathe subsystem, the Z plankers of Miniature machine tool drive Moving cell and workbench driving unit do not work, X planker driving units push the work forward station subsystem lathe coordinate system Z axis Upper horizontal side-to-side movement, Y planker driving units push Y plankers and the whole X-direction in lathe coordinate system of spindle box to go forward After move, while spindle box driving unit pushes spindle box to move up and down in the Y direction of lathe coordinate system, turning work piece to be milled dress The upper surface for being clipped in the workbench other end is moved with workbench, and the printing head installed on spindle box is changed to electric master Axis is equipped with milling cutter on electro spindle, and is rotated with electro spindle, and Y plankers driving unit and spindle box driving unit are to Y The impetus of planker and spindle box makes the electro spindle being fixed on spindle box realize the two dimensional motion in X/Y plane, adds Turning work piece to be milled realizes the rotation of X, Y, Z three-shaft linkage and electro spindle in the side-to-side movement in machine Z-axis direction on workbench Movement, finally realizes the Milling Process of turning work piece to be milled；When only carrying out 3D printing, the Miniature machine tool need the part of work with Above-mentioned Milling Processes are the same, and only electro spindle is replaced again for printing head, and printing head adds powder or filamentary material Squeezed out by nozzle after heat fusing, in addition, compared with Milling Process, will also on platen clamping milling workpiece position water Loading plane of the one piece of 3D printing tablet of placing flat as 3D printing, at this point, printing head in the X direction move forward and backward and work Make platform side-to-side movement in z-direction and realize X, the two dimensional surface movement in Z plane, to which nozzle applies the melted material of ejection It overlays in an XZ plane, i.e. 3D printing planar surface, a two dimensional surface is completed in often printing, and spindle box driving unit just pulls Spindle box and printing head move upwardly together the distance of a floor height, a working cycles are completed, until on print platform Until printing whole object.

The utility model has the following advantages compared with prior art：

1. the lathe has the characteristics that structure formed, compact-sized, overall volume is smaller, light quality, therefore can Greatly to save manufacturing cost, convenient for the universal of the Miniature machine tool；

2. Miniature machine tool is integrated with turnery processing, Milling Process, 3D printing and turning and 3D printing Compound Machining etc. four Kind increases, subtracts material manufacturing method, and can realize the combination of increase and decrease material manufacture, both can be individually into driving on a Miniature machine tool It cuts, milling or 3D printing, same parts can also be increased, subtract material Compound Machining, production efficiency is greatly improved；

3. the miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool is furnished with special digital control system, all processing types are all realized certainly Processing and manufacturing quality and production efficiency can be greatly improved in dynamicization.

Description of the drawings：

Fig. 1 is the planar structure schematic diagram of each submodule of lathe in the utility model；

Fig. 2 is lathe coordinate system schematic diagram；

Fig. 3 is lathe bed modular structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 4 is lathe subsystem structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 5 is workbench subsystem structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 6 is machine tool body structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of each driving unit of lathe；

Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of each guide rail module of lathe；

Fig. 9 is column subsystem structure schematic diagram；

Figure 10 is the principle schematic of turning and 3D printing Compound Machining.

In figure, 1. lathe bed modules, 101. lathe beds, 102.Z planker driving units, 103.Z carriage rail modules, 104.X drags Plate driving unit, 105.X carriage rail modules, 2. lathe subsystems, 201. headstocks, 202. spindle drive motors, 203. masters Driving wheel, 204. transmission belts, 205. driven wheels, 206. main shafts, 207. scroll chucks, 208. workpieces to be processed, 3. workbench subsystems System, 301.X plankers, 302. workbench, 303. knife rests, 304. workbench driving units, 305. table slide modules, 306. vehicles Knife, 307.3D print platforms, 4. column subsystems, 401.Z plankers, 402. columns, 403. crossbeams, 404.Y plankers, 405. main shafts Case, 406. main shaft cover plates, 407.Y planker driving units, 408. spindle box driving units, 409.Y carriage rail modules, 410. Main spindle box guiding rail module, 411. printing heads, 5. numerical control tanks, 6. electro spindles, 7. guide rails, 8. sliding blocks, 9. driving motors, 10. drive Dynamic motor mounting plate, 11. shaft couplings, 12. leading screw support bases, 13. connecting seats, 14. nuts, 15. leading screws, 16. printed materials.

With reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification and embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.Following embodiment is used In illustrating the utility model, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Specific implementation mode

Embodiment 1

In Fig. 1, the right side of 5 upper surface of numerical control tank is equipped with lathe bed module 1, and the lathe bed module 1 includes mainly lathe bed 101, Z plankers driving unit 102, Z carriage rails module 103, X plankers driving unit 104 and X carriage rails module 105, institute The middle part for stating lathe bed 101 is set there are one rectangular through-hole, and 102 He of Z plankers driving unit is equipped in the rectangular through-hole at 101 middle part of lathe bed Z carriage rails module 103, driving motor, the leading screw support base of the Z plankers driving unit 102, which are fixed with lathe bed 101, to be connected It connects, the nut of Z plankers driving unit 102 can be along the axial linear movement of leading screw, the Z carriage rails under the promotion of leading screw The guide rail of module 103 is fixedly connected with lathe bed 101, and sliding block and the guide rail of Z carriage rails module 103 cooperate, and sliding block edge The axial linear movement of guide rail, the top of the lathe bed 101 is equipped with X plankers driving unit 104 and X carriage rail modules 105, the driving motor mounting plate and leading screw support base of the X plankers driving unit 104 are fixedly connected with lathe bed 101, and and Z Planker driving unit 102 arranges that the guide rail of the X carriage rails module 105 is fixedly connected with 101 upper surface of lathe bed, and X is dragged in the same direction The sliding block and guide rail of panel guide module 105 cooperate, sliding block left and right linear motion on guide rail, X carriage rails module 105 with Z carriage rails 103 installation directions of module are consistent, being longitudinally arranged along lathe bed 101, and the left end of the lathe bed module 1 is equipped with vehicle Machine tool system 2, the lathe subsystem 2 include mainly headstock 201, spindle drive motor 202, transmission belt 204, main shaft 206, three chucking chuck 207, workpiece 208 and mediation member, wherein spindle drive motor 202 drive three by mediation member It grabs chuck 207 and workpiece 208 rotates, be fixedly connected between the bottom surface and lathe bed 101 of the headstock 201, the lathe bed mould The right side upper surface of block 1 is equipped with work station subsystem 3, and the work station subsystem 3 includes mainly X plankers 301, workbench 302, knife rest 303, workbench driving unit 304 and table slide module 305, the bottom surfaces of the X plankers 301 simultaneously with bed The connecting seat of the sliding block of X carriage rails module 105 and X plankers driving unit 104 is fixedly connected in body module 1, passes through X plankers The driving of driving unit 104, the 3 whole sliding block with X carriage rails module 105 of work station subsystem is in lathe bed module 1 Upper surface side-to-side movement, the middle parts of the X plankers 301 is equipped with the workbench driving unit 304 perpendicular to paper direction, and X is dragged The both sides of 301 upper surface of plate are equipped with a pair of of table slide module 305, and the table slide module 305 is axially perpendicular to Paper, 301 top of X plankers are equipped with workbench 302, and the longitudinal direction of the workbench 302 is perpendicular to paper, the workbench 302 lower surface is fixedly connected with the connecting seat of the sliding block of table slide module 305 and workbench driving unit 304 simultaneously, Workbench driving unit 304 by its nut and connecting seat push the work forward platform 302 with table slide module 305 sliding block It is moved along the guide rail of switchboards of job guide rail module 305, the front end of 302 upper surface of the workbench is equipped with knife rest 303, the knife rest Lathe tool is housed, to be detachably connected between knife rest 303 and workbench 302, the middle part of the lathe bed module 1 is equipped with column on 303 Subsystem 4, the column subsystem 4 mainly include Z plankers 401, column 402, crossbeam 403, Y plankers 404, spindle box 405, Main shaft cover plate 406, Y plankers driving unit 407, spindle box driving unit 408, Y carriage rails module 409, main spindle box guiding rail The bottom surface of module 410 and printing head 411, the Z plankers 401 is fixedly connected with the sliding block of Z carriage rails module 103, and Z is dragged The side of plate 401 is fixedly connected with the nut of Z plankers driving unit 102, and the upper surface of Z plankers 401 is equipped with column 402, described The bottom surface of column 402 is fixedly connected with 401 upper surface of Z plankers, and the upper end of column 402 is equipped with crossbeam 403, and the crossbeam 403 hangs down Directly in paper, the intermediate rectangular slot of crossbeam 403 is interior to be equipped with Y plankers driving unit 407, the two edges up and down of 403 left side of crossbeam Equipped with a pair of Y carriage rails module 409 parallel to each other, the left side of crossbeam 403 is additionally provided with Y plankers 404, the Y plankers 404 Longitudinal direction straight down, the right sides of Y plankers 404 drives with the sliding block and Y plankers of Y carriage rails module 409 single simultaneously The connecting seat of member 407 is fixedly connected, and is fixedly connected between the guide rail and crossbeam 403 of the Y carriage rails module 409, the Y is dragged Driving motor, the leading screw support base of plate driving unit 407 are fixedly connected with the rectangular channel medial surface of crossbeam 403, the driving of Y plankers Unit 407 pushes Y plankers 404, spindle box 405, printing head 411 and spindle box driving unit 408, main shaft by connecting seat Case guide rail module 410 is moved with the sliding block of Y plankers driving unit 407 along the guide rail of Y carriage rails module 409 together, fortune Dynamic direction is equipped with the spindle box driving unit 408 installed straight down, Y plankers 404 perpendicular to paper, 404 inside of the Y plankers Left side is equipped with a pair of of main spindle box guiding rail module 410, and the left side of Y plankers 404 is equipped with spindle box 405 and printing head 411, described The right side of spindle box 405 is fixed with the sliding block of main spindle box guiding rail module 410 and the connecting seat of spindle box driving unit 408 simultaneously Connection, the guide rail of the main spindle box guiding rail module 410 are fixedly connected with the left side of Y plankers 404, spindle box driving The driving motor mounting plate and leading screw support base of unit 408 are fixedly connected with 404 upper surface of Y plankers and medial surface respectively, main shaft Case driving unit 408 pushes spindle box 405 and printing head 411 with main spindle box guiding rail module by the connecting seat of its own 410 sliding block moves up and down along the guide rail of main spindle box guiding rail module 410 together, and printing head is equipped in the spindle box 405 411, for printing head 411 by being clamped on spindle box 405, the left side of 5 upper surface of numerical control tank also places one Electro spindle 6, can install milling cutter and drill bit on the electro spindle 6, and electro spindle 6 also can be in clamping to spindle box 405, column at this time Subsystem 4 has Milling Function.

In fig. 2, it is machine origin with the midpoint 0 of 101 upper surface left hand edge line of lathe bed, along the longitudinal from original of lathe bed 101 Point 0 is directed toward the right end of lathe bed 101, is the Z axis of lathe coordinate system, is lathe coordinate system from the direction of machine origin 0 straight up Y-axis, the direction for being directed toward 101 front side of lathe bed along 101 upper surface left hand edge line of lathe bed from machine origin 0 is the X of lathe coordinate system Axis is mutually perpendicular between the lathe X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis three, collectively forms the coordinate system of lathe.

In figure 3, the lathe bed module of lathe is mainly by lathe bed 101, Z plankers driving unit 102, Z carriage rail modules 103, five parts such as X plankers driving unit 104 and X carriage rails module 105 form, and the middle part of the lathe bed 1 is provided with one The rectangular opening in a perforation front and rear sides face, the front and back two edges of rectangular opening bottom surface are equipped with a pair and are arranged along 101 longitudinal direction of lathe bed Z carriage rails module 103, two guide rails of the Z carriage rails module 103 are arranged symmetrically along the longitudinal both sides of lathe bed 101, Two guide rails of Z carriage rails module 103 are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of 101 middle part rectangular through-hole of lathe bed, Z carriage rail modules 103 sliding block is moved left and right along lathe bed 101 is longitudinal on the guide rail of Z carriage rail modules；The middle part of lathe bed 101 is along lathe bed 101 is longitudinal equipped with Z plankers driving unit 102, and the driving motor and leading screw support base of the Z plankers driving unit 102 are distinguished It is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of rectangular through-hole in the middle part of the right side of lathe bed 101 and lathe bed, the nut of Z plankers driving unit 102 can be It is moved left and right along 101 longitudinal direction of lathe bed in 101 middle part rectangular through-hole of lathe bed, the centre position of 101 upside of lathe bed drives equipped with X plankers Unit 104,104 being longitudinally arranged along lathe bed 101 of X plankers driving unit, the driving motor of X plankers driving unit 104 Mounting plate and leading screw support base are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of 101 Upper rectangular slot of the right side of lathe bed 101 and lathe bed respectively, and X is dragged The nut of plate driving unit 104 is moved left and right along the longitudinal direction of lathe bed 101 in the rectangular channel on 101 top of lathe bed, lathe bed The front and back two edges of 101 upper surfaces are equipped with a pair of X carriage rails module 105, and two of the X carriage rails module 105 lead Rail is arranged symmetrically along longitudinal both sides of lathe bed 101, and two guide rails of X carriage rails module 105 are solid with the upper surface of lathe bed 101 Fixed connection, the sliding block of X carriage rails module 105 is along the longitudinal on the guide rail of X carriage rails module 105 or so of lathe bed 101 It is mobile.

In Fig. 4, the lathe subsystem of lathe mainly include headstock 201, spindle drive motor 202, driving wheel 203, Transmission belt 204, driven wheel 205, main shaft 206, scroll chuck 207 and workpiece 208,201 lower part of headstock are equipped with one A rectangular through-hole through front and back two sides, the left side of headstock 201 be additionally provided with a cylindrical hole and with 201 lower part of headstock Rectangular opening connects, and spindle drive motor 202 is equipped in rectangular opening, and the motor shaft of the spindle drive motor 202 passes through bed The cylindrical hole of 201 side lower of head case, spindle drive motor 202 are fixedly connected with the side of 201 rectangular opening of headstock, and main shaft drives The motor shaft of dynamic motor 202 is equipped with driving wheel 203, and the driving wheel 203 is connected with spindle drive motor 202 by bolt It connects, 201 top of headstock is set there are one the cylindrical hole for running through left and right sides, and through-hole is interior to be equipped with main shaft 206, the main shaft By key connection between 206 left end and driven wheel 205, pass through transmission belt 204 between the driven wheel 205 and driving wheel 203 The right end of connection, main shaft 206 is equipped with scroll chuck 207, is fixedly connected between the scroll chuck 207 and main shaft 206, three-jaw card Clamping has a workpiece 208 on disk 207, the spindle drive motor 202 by driving wheel 203, transmission belt 204, driven wheel 205 with And main shaft 206 finally drives scroll chuck 207 and workpiece 208 to rotate together.

In Figure 5, the upper surface of X plankers 301 is equipped with a rectangular channel along its longitudinal direction, in the rectangular channel of X plankers 301 Equipped with workbench driving unit 304, the workbench driving unit 304 is longitudinally arranged along X plankers 301, and workbench driving is single The driving motor mounting plate and leading screw support base of member 304 are fixedly connected with the end face of X plankers 301 and rectangle groove bottom respectively, and X is dragged The both sides of the edge of 301 upper surface of plate are equipped with a pair of of table slide module 305, the guide rail of the table slide module 305 It is fixedly connected with the upper surface of X plankers 301, the top of X plankers 301 is equipped with workbench 302, the workbench 302 and X plankers 301 arrange in the same direction, the lower surface of workbench 302 while sliding block and workbench driving unit 304 with table slide module 305 Connecting seat be fixedly connected, workbench driving unit 304 is pushed the work forward platform 302 and knife rest by the nut and connecting seat of its own 303 move along a straight line with the sliding block of table slide module 305 along the guide rail of table slide module 305, workbench 302 Upper surface right end is equipped with knife rest 303, and lathe tool 306 is housed on the knife rest 303, is detachable between knife rest 303 and workbench 302 The left end of connection, 302 upper surface of workbench is equipped with 3D printing platform 307, is used for the 3D printing of lathe, and knife rest 303 is equipped with vehicle Knife 306, the cylindrical turning for workpiece are processed.

In figure 6,101 upper surface of lathe bed is set there are one along the longitudinal rectangular channel of lathe bed 101, and rectangular channel is close to lathe bed The place of 101 right ends is set there are one partition board, and the centre position of partition board is equipped with a cylindrical hole, the both sides of 101 upper surface of lathe bed Edge is respectively equipped with a rectangular recess for installing the guide rails of X carriage rail modules, and the middle part of lathe bed 101 sets that there are one pass through The rectangular through-hole in front and rear sides face is worn, rectangular through-hole leads to the space as Z plankers in machine pillar subsystem in rectangle The front and back two edges of hole bottom surface are additionally provided with guide rail of two rectangular grooves for installing Z carriage rail modules, and two is rectangular Connected in star is arranged symmetrically in the both sides of lathe bed along the longitudinal direction of lathe bed 101, and lathe bed is additionally provided with one in the middle part of 101 right side Rectangle counter sink and a cylindrical hole, the driving motor for installing Z planker driving units, the silk of Z planker driving units Thick stick, nut, connecting seat and leading screw support base are installed in inside the rectangular through-hole of 101 lower part of lathe bed, and the left side of lathe bed 101 is also Extend a rectangular flat, the upper side of rectangular flat with the headstock of lathe for connecting.

In the figure 7, the structure and composition all same of the driving unit of each axis of lathe, each axis driving unit include mainly driving Motor 9, driving motor mounting plate 10, shaft coupling 11, leading screw support base 12, connecting seat 13, nut 14 and leading screw 15, it is described Driving motor 9 is mounted on a side of driving motor mounting plate 10, and the centre bit of the driving motor mounting plate 10 installs There are one cylindrical hole, the motor shaft of driving motor 9 is connect across through-hole with shaft coupling 11, the other end of the shaft coupling 11 It is connect with leading screw 15, the both ends of the leading screw 15 are respectively equipped with a leading screw support base 12, and the centre position of leading screw is additionally provided with Nut 14 and connecting seat 13, are fixedly connected between nut 14 and connecting seat 13, when each driving unit is connect with external equipment, driving Motor mounting plate 10 and two leading screw bearings 12 are fixedly connected with external structure simultaneously, and connecting seat 13 is fixed with external executive item to be connected It connects, driving motor 9 is by shaft coupling 11, leading screw 15, nut 14 and connecting seat 13, by the rotary motion of itself of driving motor 9 Nut, connecting seat and external executive item are converted into together along the linear motion of leading screw axis.

In fig. 8, each guide rail module of lathe includes two guide rails 7 and 4 sliding blocks 8, wherein two guide rails 7 are mutually flat Row, guide rail 7 and sliding block 8 cooperate, sliding block 8 can along the axial linear movement of guide rail 7, in lathe, each guide rail module The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes all same, middle guide are fixedly connected with external structure, and sliding block is fixedly connected with external executive item, and outside is made to hold Row part can move along a straight line along guide rail.

In embodiment 1, the process of lathe progress turnery processing is as follows：The spindle drive motor 202 of lathe subsystem 2 is logical Crossing transmission belt 204 drives workpiece 208 to rotate, while X plankers driving unit 104 drives it motor by its nut and connecting seat Rotary motion be eventually converted into the whole linear motion in lathe Z-direction of work station subsystem 3, workbench driving unit 304 by its nut and connecting seat push the work forward platform 302 and knife rest 303 lathe coordinate system X-direction along workbench The guide rail of guide rail module 305 moves along a straight line, and the driving of X plankers driving unit 104 and workbench driving unit 304 is finally with moving knife The lathe tool 306 of clamping realizes the two dimensional surface movement in lathe XZ planes on frame 303, adds the rotary motion of workpiece itself, The final turnery processing for realizing workpiece.

In fig.9, the column subsystem of lathe includes mainly Z plankers 401, column 402, crossbeam 403, Y plankers 404, master Axle box 405, main shaft cover plate 406, Y plankers driving unit 407, spindle box driving unit 408, Y carriage rails module 409, master Axle box guide module 410 and printing head 411, the sides of the Z plankers 401 are equipped with a rectangular block, in rectangular block Centre is equipped with the nut that a cylindrical hole is used to install Z planker driving units, and one end of 401 upper surface of Z plankers is equipped with column 402, the bottom surface of the column 402 is fixedly connected with 401 upper surface of Z plankers, and the upper end of column 402 is equipped with crossbeam 403, the cross The end face of beam 403 is fixedly connected with the side on 402 top of column, and the side of crossbeam 403 is set there are one rectangular channel, and rectangular channel edge is horizontal Beam 403 it is axial arranged, Y plankers driving unit 407, the driving motor of the Y plankers driving unit 407 are equipped in crossbeam 403 It is fixedly connected with the left side of column 402, and the motor shaft of driving motor passes through the connection of column 402 and Y plankers driving unit 407 Axis device is connected, and two leading screw support bases of the Y plankers driving unit 407 are solid with the medial surface of rectangular channel on crossbeam 403 The nut of fixed connection, Y plankers driving unit 407 moves along a straight line in the rectangular channel of crossbeam 403 along leading screw axis direction, crossbeam The two edges up and down of 403 front sides are equipped with a pair of Y carriage rails module 409 parallel to each other, the Y carriage rails module 409 Two guide rails are fixedly connected with the two edges up and down of 403 front side of crossbeam, and the front side of crossbeam 403 is additionally provided with Y plankers 404, and the Y is dragged Straight down, the rear side of Y plankers 404 drives with the sliding block and Y plankers of Y carriage rails module 409 longitudinal direction of plate 404 simultaneously The connecting seat of unit 407 is fixedly connected, and Y plankers driving unit 407 pushes Y plankers 404, spindle box 405, printing by connecting seat Nozzle 411 and spindle box driving unit 408, main spindle box guiding rail module 410 are integrally with the sliding block of Y plankers driving unit 407 It is moved along the guide rail of Y carriage rails module 409, it is single that 404 inside of the Y plankers is equipped with the spindle box driving installed straight down The left and right edges of 408, Y of member plankers, 404 front side are equipped with a pair of of main spindle box guiding rail module 410, and the front side of Y plankers 404 is equipped with master Axle box 405 and printing head 411, the rear side of the spindle box 405 while sliding block and main shaft with main spindle box guiding rail module 410 The connecting seat of case driving unit 408 is fixedly connected, and the sliding block of the main spindle box guiding rail module 410 is solid with the rear side of Y plankers 404 Fixed connection, the driving motor mounting plate and leading screw support base of the spindle box driving unit 408 are upper with Y plankers 404 respectively End face is fixedly connected with the medial surface of rectangular channel, and spindle box driving unit 408 pushes spindle box 405 by the connecting seat of its own And printing head 411 is transported along the guide rail of main spindle box guiding rail module 410 up and down together with the sliding block of main spindle box guiding rail module 410 It is dynamic, printing head 411 is equipped in the spindle box 405, printing head 411 is clamped to main shaft by main shaft cover plate 406 On case 405, to be detachably connected between printing head 411 and spindle box 405, the mounting hole of printing head 411 on spindle box 405 Electro spindle can be also installed, i.e. printing head 411 on spindle box 405 is replaced by electro spindle.

In Fig. 10, cricoid rectangular notch there are one the outer surfaces of cylindrical workpiece to be processed 208, this notch are The region to be printed of workpiece to be processed 208, when to carry out 3D printing to workpiece to be processed 208, the nozzle of printing head 411 is first It is first moved to the right side of 208 rectangular notch of workpiece to be processed, rest on the top of outer surface to be printed and makes printing head 411 There are one the drives that with a distance from small, workpiece to be processed 208 passes through machine tool three-jaw chuck for outer surface of the nozzle from region to be printed Slowly rotation, rotary speed specifically have control system control, while printing head 411 is by the printed material 16 of heated melting The outer surface for being attached on 208 notch of workpiece to be processed is at the uniform velocity sprayed and squeezed from the nozzle of printing head 411, waits for that workpiece slowly revolves It circles, printed material 16 paints an annular shape in the outer surface of print area, and has certain thickness and width, printing After completing an annulus, nozzle 411 moves the distance of an annular width to the left side of workpiece to be processed 208, continues printing the Two circles, so cycle exist at this time until printing head 411 prints to the left end of 208 print area of workpiece to be processed The print area printing of workpiece to be processed 208 completes one layer of printed material 16, and by the outer surface of workpiece print area Covering prints needs according to practical, if the thickness of one layer of printing is not enough, prints to workpiece from the left end of workpiece cycle again Right end, so cycle print entire part, finally can also selectively continue to fight each other according to the actual processing request to part The workpiece that print is completed carries out a turnery processing, so that the workpiece surface processed more finishing, the turning of wherein workpiece add Work engineering is consistent with the Tutrning Process in embodiment 1.

In example 2, the process of lathe progress Milling Process is as follows：Lathe subsystem 2,102 and of Z plankers driving unit Workbench driving unit 304 does not work, and the printing head 411 installed on spindle box 405 in column subsystem 4 is changed to electricity Main shaft 6, and milling cutter is installed on electro spindle 6, and meanwhile it is opposite with knife rest 303 in 302 upper surface of workbench of work station subsystem 3 The clamping turning work piece to be milled in side, X plankers driving unit 104, Y plankers driving unit 407, spindle box driving unit at this time 408 and electro spindle 6 work together, wherein electro spindle 6 drives milling cutter rotation, X plankers driving unit 104 and the driving of Y plankers single Member 407 respectively drives work station subsystem 3 and Y plankers 404 and moves along a straight line in the Z axis and X-direction of lathe coordinate system, realizes electricity Milling cutter on main shaft 6 is in the two-dimentional milling campaign of XZ planes, and per complete one layer of milling, spindle box driving unit 408 pushes main shaft again Case 405 and electro spindle 6 feed a unit downwardly together, i.e., to lathe coordinate system-Y direction feeds a unit, directly To the Milling Process for being finally completed entire part.

In example 2, the process of lathe progress 3D printing is as follows：It is similar with the lathe progress process of Milling Process, machine The electro spindle 6 installed on spindle box 405 is only changed to printing head 411 when bed carries out 3D printing, and will be on workbench 302 The milling workpiece replacing of clamping is 3D printing platform 307, when lathe works, printing head 411 printed material is melted after from spray Mouth continuously and smoothly squeezes out, while 3D printing platform 307 moves along a straight line with workbench 302 in lathe Z-direction, spindle box 405 It then moves along a straight line in the X-direction of lathe with Y plankers 404 with printing head 411, to realize that printing head 411 exists Two dimensional motion in the XZ planes and melted material for spraying 411 nozzle of printing head is coated on 3D printing platform 307, forms One X-Y scheme simultaneously has certain floor height, and then spindle box driving unit 408 pulls spindle box 405 and printing head 411 The distance for feeding up a floor height together continues to print the second layer of part, is so a cycle until will be whole Until a part printing is completed.

In example 2, lathe carries out turning and the process of 3D printing Compound Machining is as follows：First, by workpiece to be processed 208 clampings drive main shaft 206 and to be added on the scroll chuck 207 of lathe, by the spindle drive motor 202 of lathe subsystem 2 Work workpiece 208 rotates, meanwhile, the station subsystem 3 that pushes the work forward of X plankers driving unit 104 is transported to the left in the Z axis of lathe coordinate system Dynamic, the platform 302 that pushes the work forward of workbench driving unit 304 moves forward and backward in the X-direction of lathe coordinate system, on knife rest 303 Lathe tool 306 carries out turning to the surface of workpiece to be processed 208.After turning process, the main shaft 206 of lathe subsystem 2 stops Rotation, X plankers driving unit 104 pull work station subsystem 3 to move right to the right end of bed piece 101, then stop.With Afterwards, Z plankers driving unit 102 starts, push column subsystem 4 it is whole move downward until printing head 411 reach it is to be processed The surface of position to be processed of workpiece 208, then Y plankers driving unit 407 and spindle box driving unit 408 respectively drive Y plankers 404 and spindle box 405 moved on the X axis of lathe coordinate system and Y direction, to which printing head 411 at this time can be flat in XY Two dimensional surface movement is done in face, and by the axle center line position of the nozzle alignment workpiece to be processed 208 of printing head 411, that is, is passed through The above X plankers driving unit 104, Y plankers driving unit 407 and spindle box driving unit 408, printing head 411 realize machine XYZ three-shaft linkages in bed coordinate system, and the nozzle of printing head 411 has been navigated to the work surface of workpiece to be processed 208, And the axis line location of the position of nozzle and workpiece to be processed 208 that is, in YZ planes, is then printed in the same perpendicular Nozzle 411 will at the uniform velocity spray after printed material heating melting from nozzle, and the main shaft 206 of lathe subsystem 2 starts to drive to be processed Workpiece 208 slowly rotates, and the printed material after melting heating to printing head 411 is coated in the table of workpiece to be processed 208 Face, coated material is in annular shape and has certain thickness, wherein the printed material after heating melting and workpiece to be processed 208 Between have adhesion, workpiece to be processed 208 for each revolution, printing head 411 be workpiece surface coat a loop material, Complete a working cycles.Then Z plankers driving unit 102 pushes column subsystem 4 is whole to feed a unit distance to the left, The width of i.e. one circle coating material, printing head 411 continue to coat another circle hot melt material on 208 surface of workpiece to be processed, such as This cycle.Nozzle 411 to be printed gradually coats from the right end in 208 region to be processed of workpiece to be processed and is worked into region to be processed After left position, spindle box driving unit 408 pulls spindle box 405 and printing head 411 in the Y direction of lathe coordinate system again On move upwards a unit distance, i.e., the thickness of one circle coat, then printing head 411 is again in Z plankers driving unit 102 Pulling under gradually workpiece to be processed 208 is coated to the right, be so a systemic circulation, until 208 table of workpiece to be processed The part Print All of coating processing needed for face is completed.Finally, according to the difference of actual processing request, if also needed to workpiece The outer surface of printable layer carries out skin processing, to improve the suface processing quality of workpiece, just needs at this time in 3D printing process knot Shu Hou, carries out a turnery processing to the outer surface of workpieces processing again, this process is consistent with the first turning process of workpiece.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool, including lathe bed module, numerical control tank, lathe subsystem, column subsystem, work Make station subsystem, printing head and electro spindle, it is characterized in that：Numerical control tank upper surface is equipped with the lathe bed module of lathe, lathe bed mould It is opened in the middle part of the lathe bed of block there are one the rectangular opening on the front and back two sides of perforation, the front and back two edges of rectangular opening bottom surface are equipped with a pair along lathe bed The sliding block of the Z carriage rail modules of longitudinal direction arrangement, Z carriage rail modules is longitudinal in Z carriage rail modules along lathe bed It is moved left and right on guide rail；The middle part of lathe bed is longitudinally equipped with Z planker driving units along lathe bed, and the centre position on the upside of lathe bed is equipped with X Planker driving unit, X plankers driving unit are longitudinally arranged along lathe bed, and the front and back two edges of lathe bed upper surface are dragged equipped with a pair of X Two guide rails of panel guide module, X carriage rail modules are arranged symmetrically along longitudinal both sides of lathe bed, and the left end of lathe bed module is equipped with Lathe subsystem, lathe subsystem are transported the rotation that the convert rotational motion of spindle drive motor is workpiece by two-stage transmission belt Dynamic, the top of lathe bed module is equipped with work station subsystem, and the workbench driving unit for the station subsystem that works pushes the work forward platform in machine Bed X axis on move in a straight line, while X planker driving units push the work forward station subsystem on machine Z-axis direction straight line transport Dynamic, one end of worktable upper surface is equipped with knife rest in the station subsystem that works, and is set in the rectangular through-hole in the middle part of lathe bed module medial bed There are the Z plankers of column subsystem, Z plankers to be fixedly connected with the nut of Z plankers driving unit in lathe bed module, the driving of Z plankers is single Member pushes the whole side-to-side movement in the rectangular opening in the middle part of lathe bed of column subsystem, the upper table of Z plankers rear end in column subsystem Face is equipped with column, and the front side on column top is equipped with crossbeam, and crossbeam is internally provided with Y planker driving units, and crossbeam left side is dragged equipped with Y Panel guide module and Y plankers, Y carriage rail modules are axially horizontally disposed along crossbeam, and Y plankers are arranged in vertical direction, Y plankers Right side is fixedly connected with the connecting seat of Y planker driving units, and the spindle box driving that Y plankers are internally provided with vertical direction installation is single The left side of member, Y plankers is equipped with spindle box, and the right side of spindle box is fixedly connected with the connecting seat of Y planker driving units, main shaft Case is equipped with the mounting hole of printing head and electro spindle, and there are one electro spindles for the left side placement in numerical control tank upper surface.

2. miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Main shaft in lathe subsystem drives Dynamic motor is direct current generator or servo motor, Z plankers driving unit, X plankers driving unit, workbench driving unit, Y Driving motor in planker driving unit and spindle box driving unit is servo motor or stepper motor.

3. miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Lathe is furnished with special numerical control Cabinet, digital control system is equipped in numerical control tank, and machine tooling process is full-automatic.

4. miniature increase and decrease material composite processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Spray in machine pillar subsystem Head heats printed material using the mode of electrical heating or laser melting and melts, and material is plastics used in nozzle, or Person is metal, and printed material is in powdered or Filamentous.