CN205782798U - Steam generator and steaming plant - Google Patents
Steam generator and steaming plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205782798U CN205782798U CN201620666894.2U CN201620666894U CN205782798U CN 205782798 U CN205782798 U CN 205782798U CN 201620666894 U CN201620666894 U CN 201620666894U CN 205782798 U CN205782798 U CN 205782798U
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- steam
- heating resistor
- steam generator
- printing heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
This utility model relates to steam generation field, is specifically related to a kind of steam generator, and it includes that matrix, inside have the steam tube chamber extended in roundabout shape；If dry printing heating resistor, invest on the surface of described matrix and for described steam tube chamber is heated；And parallel conductor, invest on the surface of described matrix and for described printing heating resistor is in parallel.Steam generator of the present utility model, owing to using printing heating resistor and the design of roundabout shape steam tube chamber, it uses vaporization principle to be forced-convection heat transfer and boiling in ducts, and the coefficient of heat transfer is high, and thermal inertia is little, and matrix heating is fast, and preheating time is short；Matrix cooling is fast, and after power-off, to continue the time short for steam.Separately, steam generator of the present utility model, firing rate is fast, and easy steam separates, and reaches preferable steam mummification effect.The invention also discloses a kind of steaming plant.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to steam generation technique field, particularly relates to a kind of steam generator and steaming plant.
Background technology
At present, the steam generator in steaming plant (such as presses etc.) typically uses big volume boiling principle.Tool
Body typically uses resistance wire heat-generating pipe to be placed in the bottom of cast aluminium container, utilizes resistance wire heat-generating pipe to heat vessel bottom wall, then holds
Device diapire transfers heat to the water of bottom in container, then by heat transfer free convection and pool boiling, finally produces steam.
Above-mentioned steam generator, its thermal inertia is big, causes container heating slow, and preheating time is longer；And cool down also slow, disconnected
After electricity, to continue the time long for steam.
Utility model content
Based on this, it is necessary to the problem caused greatly for existing steam generator thermal inertia, it is provided that a kind of thermal inertia is little
Steam generator.
A kind of steam generator, including:
Matrix, inside has the steam tube chamber extended in roundabout shape；
If dry printing heating resistor, invest on the surface of described matrix and for described steam tube chamber is heated；
And parallel conductor, invest on the surface of described matrix and for described printing heating resistor is in parallel.
Steam generator of the present utility model, owing to using printing heating resistor and the design of roundabout shape steam tube chamber, its
Using vaporization principle is forced-convection heat transfer and boiling in ducts, and the coefficient of heat transfer is high, and thermal inertia is little, and matrix heating is fast, preheating time
Short；Matrix cooling is fast, and after power-off, to continue the time short for steam.Separately, steam generator of the present utility model, firing rate is fast, easily
Steam separates, and reaches preferable steam mummification effect.
Wherein in an embodiment, described printing heating resistor is strip, and parallel arrangement.
Wherein in an embodiment, the width of described printing heating resistor is 1～5mm.
Wherein in an embodiment, the material selected from ceramics of described matrix, quartz glass or plastics.
Wherein in an embodiment, the material of described matrix is metal, and described steam generator also includes investing described
The surface of matrix and for described matrix and described printing heating resistor and the described matrix insulation with described parallel conductor of insulating
Layer.
Wherein in an embodiment, the material of described insulating barrier is selected from glass glaze, polyimides or poly terephthalic acid
Glycol ester.
Wherein in an embodiment, the thickness of described insulating barrier is 10～50 μm.
Wherein in an embodiment, described printing heating resistor is formed by electrocondution slurry silk screen printing；Described conductive paste
Material is selected from conductive carbon paste, palladium-silver slurry or molybdenum manganese slurry.
Wherein in an embodiment, described parallel conductor is formed by conductive copper paste silk screen printing.
Wherein in an embodiment, described steam tube chamber is planar spiral, tubular spiral or the bending of S type.
Wherein in an embodiment, described printing heating resistor is on the matrix in non-uniform Distribution.
This utility model additionally provides a kind of steaming plant.
A kind of steaming plant, including steam generator provided by the utility model.
Above-mentioned steaming plant, owing to using steam generator provided by the utility model, therefore preheating time is short, after power-off
It is short that steam continues the time.Another easily steam separates, and reaches preferable steam mummification effect.
Wherein in an embodiment, described steaming plant be presses, humidifier, steam mop, steaming machine for beautifying face or
Egg steamer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the partial cutaway schematic of the steam generator of an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is printing heating resistor and the expansion floor map of parallel conductor of an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the matrix schematic perspective view of an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the generalized section of the matrix in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the matrix schematic perspective view of another embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the matrix schematic perspective view of another embodiment.
Fig. 7 is the matrix schematic perspective view of another embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and enforcement
Example, is further elaborated to this utility model.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain
This utility model, is not used to limit this utility model.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being arranged at " another element, and it can be directly on another element
Or element placed in the middle can also be there is.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, and it can be to be directly connected to
To another element or may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term as used herein " vertical ", " level ", " left ",
For illustrative purposes only, being not offered as is unique embodiment for " right " and similar statement.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technology used herein and scientific terminology are led with belonging to technology of the present utility model
The implication that the technical staff in territory is generally understood that is identical.At term used in the description of the present utility model it is simply herein
The purpose of specific embodiment is described, it is not intended that in limiting this utility model.Term as used herein " and/or " bag
Include the arbitrary and all of combination of one or more relevant Listed Items.
Seeing Fig. 1-4, the steam generator 100 of this utility model one embodiment, including matrix 110, insulating barrier 140, print
Brush hair thermal resistance 120 and parallel conductor 130.
Wherein, matrix 110 is internal has steam tube chamber 112；It is to say, matrix 110 by steam tube chamber 112 and is used for
The wall 111 forming steam tube chamber 112 is constituted.The Main Function of matrix 110 is accommodating and adds hot fluid (such as water).Fluid from
The one end open of matrix 110 enters steam tube chamber 112, and the heat of printing heating resistor 120 is conducted to steam tube chamber by wall 111
Fluid in 112, fluid flows in steam tube chamber 112 and undergoes phase transition simultaneously, and being eventually converted into steam from matrix 110
Other end opening is emerged.
In the present embodiment, emphasis sees Fig. 3, for the ease of forming insulating barrier 140 and printing heating resistor 120, base
At least part of region of outer surface of the wall 111 of body 110 is plane.The wall 111 of matrix 110 has plane, so can be square
Just insulating barrier 140 and printing heating resistor 120 are formed on matrix 110.It is, of course, understood that can also be at wall
The outer surface of 111 is not provided with plane.In the present embodiment, matrix 110 is assembled by three parts, and centre is Multi-hole section
118, Multi-hole section 118 both sides are respectively end cap 119.Multi-hole section 118 and two end caps 119 i.e. form steam pipe after assembling
Chamber 112.Intermediate porous section bar 118 respectively there is plane X.Insulating barrier 140 and printing heating resistor 120 are formed at
In plane X.It is, of course, understood that matrix 110 can also be one-body molded, such as, formed by a pipe bending.The most such as
Fig. 5 is such, and matrix 110 is formed to back bending folding through four times by a pipe.
This utility model middle steam tube chamber 112 extends in roundabout shape, namely steam tube chamber 112 uses roundabout design, fluid
Flow direction is repeatedly converted during flowing in steam tube chamber 112.So can increase the contact area of fluid and heating face and contact
Probability, improves heating and the efficiency of vaporization.Fluid is forced-convection heat transfer and forced-convection boiling inside steam tube chamber 112,
Its coefficient of heat transfer is heat transfer free convection and the several times of big volume boiling.
In the present embodiment, the S-type bending of steam tube chamber 112.It is, of course, understood that steam tube chamber 112 is roundabout
Design is not limited to the bending of S type, it is also possible to be planar spiral, and the most as shown in Figure 6, matrix 110 is flat by a pipe edge
Surface helix bending forms, and its internal steam tube chamber is i.e. in planar spiral.Steam tube chamber 112 can also spiral type in a tubular form,
The most as shown in Figure 7, matrix 110 is formed along spatially spiral bending by a pipe, its internal steam tube chamber spiral shell the most in a tubular form
Rotation shape.
Matrix 110 is selected generally from the preferable matrix of heat conductivity.In the present embodiment, matrix 110 is metallic matrix.Preferably
Ground, metallic matrix is selected from alloy matrix aluminum, stainless steel base or copper alloy matrix.It is, of course, understood that in this practicality
Novel middle matrix 110 is not limited to metallic matrix, it is also possible to be insulating body, and such as matrix 110 is selected from ceramic matrix, plastics
Matrix or quartz glass substrate.More specifically, ceramic matrix can select aluminium oxide ceramics matrix or magnesia ceramics matrix
Deng.
Wherein, insulating barrier 140 invests on the surface of matrix 110, and its Main Function is to make matrix 110 and printing heating resistor
Insulate between 120 and make to insulate between matrix 110 and parallel conductor 140.Insulating barrier 140 whole can invest the table of matrix 110
Face, it is also possible to be only positioned at the region on the surface of the matrix 110 corresponding to printing heating resistor 120 and parallel conductor 140.When
So, it is to be understood that in the case of the material of matrix 110 is insulant, insulating barrier 140 can be not provided with.
Preferably, insulating barrier 140 is glass glazings, polyimides (PI) film layer or polyethylene terephthalate
(PET) film layer.So thermal resistance of insulating barrier 140 is little, and heat transfer rate is exceedingly fast, and advantageously reduces thermal inertia.When insulating barrier 140 is glass
During glass glaze layer, the coating processes such as silk screen printing can be used to be coated on the surface of matrix 110.When insulating barrier 140 is poly-
When acid imide film layer or polyethylene terephthalate film layer, can adopt and be coated on matrix 110 in the method for paste
On surface.
Preferably, the thickness of insulating barrier 140 is 10～50 μm.So thinner thickness of insulating barrier 140, can flash heat transfer,
And meet the heat-resisting and requirement of insulating properties simultaneously.
Wherein, printing heating resistor 120 invests on the surface of matrix 110；Its Main Function is to convert electrical energy into heat
And pass to matrix 110, thus fluid in steam tube chamber 112 is heated.
In the present embodiment, printing heating resistor 120 use silk-screen printing technique be printed on insulating barrier 140 surface (
In the case of there is not insulating barrier 140, it is directly printed on the surface of matrix 110)；It is to say, by electrocondution slurry silk-screen to absolutely
The surface of edge layer 140, heat cure or sintering electrocondution slurry form it into printing heat resistance 120 the most again.Use screen printing dataller
Skill, its technique is simply ripe, low cost and can controlling easily adjusts the technology ginseng such as power density of printing heat resistance 120
Number.Usually, the sheet resistance of electrocondution slurry is more than 10 Ω.So can produce bigger with the printing heating resistor 120 of smaller size smaller
Power density, make the heating efficiency of printing heating resistor 120 improve, reduce further the size of printing heating resistor 120.
In the present embodiment, electrocondution slurry is selected from conductive carbon paste.Certainly, electrocondution slurry can also is that palladium-silver slurry or molybdenum manganese slurry
Deng.In the case of selecting the electrocondution slurry of suitable type and coordinating suitable steam tube chamber 112, printing heating resistor 120 can
Realize programming rate and be up to 200 DEG C/sec.
Emphasis sees Fig. 2, and in this utility model, printing heating resistor 120 is multiple, and it is the biggest that it is distributed in matrix 110
Part surface.Specifically, heating resistor 120 is printed on the surface of matrix 110 in non-uniform Distribution.Can be according to the four of vaporization
Power difference, matrix 110 and the heat conductivity of insulating barrier 140 required for the individual stage (convection current, seethes with excitement, and mummification is overheated) and heat
The difference of capacity, the coefficient of heat transfer of fluid and flowing velocity different designs suitably print the distribution of heating resistor 120.
Preferably, printing heating resistor 120 is in strip, and parallel arrangement；So it is more beneficial for printing heating resistor 120
Printing, is also convenient for controlling and adjust the printing heating resistor 120 power density distribution on matrix 110 surface simultaneously.In this reality
Executing in example, printing heating resistor 120 is rectangle.
Further, the width of printing heating resistor 120 is 1～5mm.So it is easy to control the thickness of printing and uniformly
Property.In the present embodiment, the width of printing heating resistor 120 is 2mm.
In the present embodiment, the length direction of printing heating resistor 120 is parallel with the bearing of trend of jet chimney 112；This
Sample can be so that the printing power density of heating resistor 120 on design various heat exchange stage correspondence pipeline and length.Certainly, may be used
To be understood by, it is not limited to above-mentioned form.
Wherein, parallel conductor 130 is also attached on the surface of matrix 110, and its Main Function is by printing heating resistor 120 also
It is linked togather.Specifically, the two ends (two ends, left and right in Fig. 2) at printing heating resistor 120 are respectively arranged with a parallel conductor 130.And
Connection conductor 130 includes the outer section of company 131 being connected with the external world and the section in parallel 132 electrically connected with each printing heating resistor 120.
In the present embodiment, section 132 in parallel is in strip, and its bearing of trend is vertical with the bearing of trend of printing heating resistor 120.In order to just
In connection, outer even section 131 is in square block.In the present embodiment, the section of company 131 is divided into the both sides being positioned at printing heating resistor outside two
(both sides up and down in Fig. 2).It is, of course, understood that the section of company 131 can also be positioned at the same side outside two, also or other closes
Suitable place.
In the present embodiment, parallel conductor 130 is also adopted by silk-screen printing technique formation；Preferably, printing heating is being formed
After resistance 120, print electrode on matrix 110 or insulating barrier 140 slurry, and heat cure or sintered electrode slurry make the most again
It forms parallel conductor 130.In the present embodiment, electrode slurry is selected from conductive copper paste.So can be so that by parallel conductor 130
It is connected with extraneous power supply by welding.Certainly, electrode slurry can also is that molybdenum manganese slurry etc..General selection principle is: parallel connection is led
The electrode slurry of body 130 selects electric conductivity better than the electrocondution slurry of printing heating resistor 120.So form parallel conductor 130
Resistance is less, thus the pressure drop produced is less, it is possible to be better achieved between each printing heating resistor in parallel.
It is, of course, understood that require relatively low application scenario at some, parallel conductor 130 can also be sent out with printing
Thermal resistance 120 prints formation, i.e. parallel conductor 130 and printing heating resistor 120 together and uses slurry of the same race to be formed.
In order to protect printing heating resistor 120 and parallel conductor 130 further, this utility model can also be sent out in printing
Outside thermal resistance 120 and parallel conductor 130, protection device (not shown) is set.Protection device can be to overlay on printing heating resistor
120 and parallel conductor 130 on protecting film, it is also possible to be protective grille, prevent printing heat resistance 120 and parallel conductor
130 contact unnecessary with other object.It is, of course, understood that in some occasion, it is also possible to it is not provided with protection device.
Compared with prior art, steam generator of the present utility model, thermal inertia is little, and matrix heating is fast, and preheating time is short；
Matrix cooling is fast, and after power-off, to continue the time short for steam.Steam generator of the present utility model, it uses vaporization principle right for forcing
Stream heat exchange and boiling in ducts, the coefficient of heat transfer is high, and firing rate is fast, and easy steam separates, and reaches preferable steam mummification effect.Enter
One step ground, printing heating resistor can have different distributions in zones of different, thus have different power densities, by basis
The difference of four-stage power demand of vaporization and adjust power density and can improve steam mummification effect further.
Steam generator of the prior art, the container cavity made due to techniques such as cast aluminiums, its volume and shape fix,
The use environment of various actual complex cannot be applicable to.And steam generator of the present utility model can select different matrix materials
Material and the thickness of wall, to adapt to different use occasions；Can conveniently design different cavity geometries and size, to coordinate not
Same use environment.
Steam generator of the prior art, its install and use be respectively provided with directivity, otherwise can cause vaporization effect poor,
Vapor (steam) temperature is unstable, even cannot produce steam.And the installation of steam generator of the present utility model and use do not have direction
Property, any direction can normally work.
Steam generator of the prior art, structure is complicated, and sealing easily goes wrong, and leaks, leaks vapour even blast etc.
Risk；And steam generator of the present utility model, its simple in construction, seal reliable, do not leak, leak vapour or blast equivalent risk；
It addition, the advantage such as it is few also to have part, and step of preparation process is few and simple, low cost of manufacture.
This utility model additionally provides a kind of steaming plant.
A kind of steaming plant, including steam generator provided by the utility model.
Steaming plant of the present utility model can be presses, humidifier, steam mop, steaming machine for beautifying face or egg steamer.
Above-mentioned steaming plant, owing to using steam generator provided by the utility model, therefore preheating time is short, after power-off
It is short that steam continues the time.And install and use does not has directivity, any direction normally to work.It can in addition contain effectively
Reduce the manufacturing cost of steaming plant.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can combine arbitrarily, for making description succinct, not to above-mentioned reality
The all possible combination of each technical characteristic executed in example is all described, but, as long as the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, all it is considered to be the scope that this specification is recorded.
Embodiment described above only have expressed several embodiments of the present utility model, and it describes more concrete and detailed,
But therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to utility model patent scope.It should be pointed out that, for the common skill of this area
For art personnel, without departing from the concept of the premise utility, it is also possible to make some deformation and improvement, these broadly fall into
Protection domain of the present utility model.Therefore, the protection domain of this utility model patent should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a steam generator, it is characterised in that including:
Matrix, inside has the steam tube chamber extended in roundabout shape；
If dry printing heating resistor, invest on the surface of described matrix and for described steam tube chamber is heated；
And parallel conductor, invest on the surface of described matrix and for described printing heating resistor is in parallel.
Steam generator the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described printing heating resistor is strip, and parallel
Arrangement.
Steam generator the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the width of described printing heating resistor be 1～
5mm。
Steam generator the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described matrix is metallic matrix, described steam is sent out
Raw device also include the surface investing described matrix and for insulate described matrix and described printing heating resistor and described matrix with
The insulating barrier of described parallel conductor.
Steam generator the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described insulating barrier is glass glazings, polyimides
Film layer or polyethylene terephthalate film layer.
Steam generator the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the thickness of described insulating barrier is 10～50 μm.
Steam generator the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described steam tube chamber is planar spiral, tubulose
Spiral type or the bending of S type.
Steam generator the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described printing heating resistor on the matrix in
Non-uniform Distribution.
9. a steaming plant, it is characterised in that include the steam generator described in any one of claim 1-8.
Steaming plant the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described steaming plant is presses, humidifier, steaming
Vapour mop, steaming machine for beautifying face or egg steamer.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620666894.2U CN205782798U (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | Steam generator and steaming plant |
| PCT/CN2016/092391 WO2018000497A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-07-29 | Vapour generator and vapour device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620666894.2U CN205782798U (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | Steam generator and steaming plant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205782798U true CN205782798U (en) | 2016-12-07 |
Family
ID=58128629
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620666894.2U Expired - Fee Related CN205782798U (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | Steam generator and steaming plant |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205782798U (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018000497A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105972570A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-28 | 苏州范王式机电科技有限公司 | Vapor generator and vapor device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1055593A (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1991-10-23 | 上海华升电热器厂 | Quick electrothermal-film water boiler |
| GB9024419D0 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1991-01-02 | Ist Lab Ltd | Heating apparatus |
| CN2408640Y (en) * | 2000-02-12 | 2000-11-29 | 叶阳 | Combined power electric heating element |
| CN2935696Y (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2007-08-15 | 刘绍良 | Helix electro-thermal membrane type electro-thermal tube |
| CN201697321U (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-01-05 | 罗日良 | Energy-saving heating water tank |
| CN203523059U (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-04-02 | 方文平 | Heating mechanism of thick-film circuit intelligent heater |
| CN105972570B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-01-25 | 苏州范王式机电科技有限公司 | Steam generator and steaming plant |
-
2016
- 2016-06-29 CN CN201620666894.2U patent/CN205782798U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-07-29 WO PCT/CN2016/092391 patent/WO2018000497A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105972570A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-28 | 苏州范王式机电科技有限公司 | Vapor generator and vapor device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018000497A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20191014 Address after: 215000 8-102, South changxinyuan District, No. 168, Changwu Road, Gusu District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Wang Yue Ying Address before: 1108 room 1200, No. 215000, Xiangcheng Avenue, Xiangcheng Economic Development Zone, Jiangsu, Suzhou Patentee before: Suzhou van King Electromechanical Science and Technology Co., Ltd. |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20161207 Termination date: 20210629 |