CN205743867U - Horizontal row gas well is utilized to adjust the well pattern of fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form - Google Patents
Horizontal row gas well is utilized to adjust the well pattern of fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form Download PDFInfo
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- CN205743867U CN205743867U CN201620436150.1U CN201620436150U CN205743867U CN 205743867 U CN205743867 U CN 205743867U CN 201620436150 U CN201620436150 U CN 201620436150U CN 205743867 U CN205743867 U CN 205743867U
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- auxiliary exhaust
- gravity drainage
- assisted gravity
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Abstract
This utility model provides a kind of well pattern utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form, including horizontal production well (1) and gas injection straight well (2), the position of gas injection straight well (2) is corresponding with (11) at the tiptoe of horizontal production well, described well pattern also includes the horizontal auxiliary exhaust well (3) being arranged on the one or both sides of the horizontal segment (12) of horizontal production well, at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well, (31) are corresponding with (11) at the tiptoe of horizontal production well, at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well, (33) are corresponding with (13) at the heel of horizontal production well.This well pattern breaks the production model of horizontal well production+straight well aerofluxus, design gas injection straight well, horizontal production well, the note of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well one adopt row's combined system, thus reach to improve the purpose of fireflood assisted gravity drainage development effectiveness, the most effectively save investment.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to a kind of well pattern being applicable to heavy crude reservoir, particularly one and utilizes horizontal row gas well to adjust fire
Drive the well pattern of assisted gravity drainage live wire form.
Background technology
Fireflood assisted gravity drainage is on the basis of conventional straight well fireflood technology, by introducing horizontal well producing well, fills
The fireflood production technique of a kind of advanced person of gravity drainage effect is waved in distribution.During application fireflood assisted gravity drainage techniques, combustion
Burn leading edge to spread from end to heel along horizontal well, and quickly form the flowable oil of high temperature before edge before combustion
Band, moveable oil declines rapidly by action of gravity and together flows into horizontal production well perforated interval with part combustion gas.Need not be from
Cold oil flows through in district, it is achieved short distance displacement, it is to avoid conventional combustion in situ (ISC) technique uses vertical injection wells with
The shortcoming that producing well carries out distance displacement.
Fireflood assisted gravity drainage physical simulation experiment shows targetedly: during fireflood assisted gravity drainage, burning
Fully, combustion front propagate stable, thermal upgrading can make crude oil API value rising about 10, recovery ratio is more than
75%.The more important thing is, fireflood assisted gravity drainage process does not haves " displacement delay " phenomenon, and crude oil can be with combustion
Burn the rapid extraction of leading edge.
With other combustion drive Technical comparing, during fireflood assisted gravity drainage techniques, high-temperature region and combustion front in
Vertical plane.Due to gas onlap in conventional process of in-situ combustion, burning oil reservoir will deviate from this vertical plane.And it is fiery
Forced flow and the gravity auxiliary mechanism of driving assisted gravity drainage ensure that and will completely control or weaken this impact.Simultaneously
Improve conventional fireflood and be applied to that displacement distance that massive oil pool exists, has channeling, onlap be serious, combustion front is difficult to
The problem such as control and leading edge poor stability, volumetric sweep efficiency be low so that fireflood assisted gravity drainage techniques can become
Heavy crude producing and oil-sand method most effective, optimal, be with a wide range of applications in heavy oil development.
Fireflood assisted gravity drainage production technique, since using research, has the most only carried out Canada
Fireflood assisted gravity drainage examination few in number for Whitesands Pilot Project (White Mulberry hereby pilot project) etc.
Testing, the domestic block carrying out the test of fireflood assisted gravity drainage has 2.And for fireflood assisted gravity drainage
Research achieves some achievements.Such as, in Chinese patent CN 102747997A, publication date, in October, 2012
24, disclose one " the heavy crude reservoir SAGD later stage turns the method for fireflood exploitation ", such as Fig. 1 institute
Show.The method is in the vapor chamber extension phase of SAGD, when the vapor chamber coalescence of adjacent injector-producer pair
After, utilize the injection well of middle injector-producer pair to inject air ignition, the producing well of this well pair and two, left and right adjacent well pair
Producing well produce, two, left and right adjacent well transfers the air draft well of fireflood to injecting well;This recovery method can utilize
High temperature fireflood leading edge, effectively drives the remaining reserves sweeping adjacent S AGD well to middle oil reservoir bottom, evades conventional SAGD
Or gas assists the vapour in SAGD later stage to alter, extend the SAGD production time, significantly improve recovery ratio.
It addition, in Chinese patent CN 204371284U, June 3 2015 publication date, disclose " a kind of
Blast pit is utilized to adjust the well pattern of fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form ", as in figure 2 it is shown, this well pattern includes level
Producing well, gas injection straight well and auxiliary exhaust well, gas injection straight well and horizontal production well are positioned at a plane, level production
Well contains net horizontal section and Vertical Well section, along the direction of net horizontal section, between gas injection straight well and the end of horizontal production well
The distance that interval sets, auxiliary exhaust well is arranged on the one or both sides of net horizontal section.Of the present utility model utilize aerofluxus
Well adjusts the well pattern of fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form, it is possible to fire when effectively expanding the exploitation of fireflood assisted gravity drainage
The scope of line extension, improves shape heavy crude reservoir combustion in situ recovery ratio.
Although technical staff achieves some achievements on fireflood assisted gravity drainage is studied, but fireflood assisted gravity drainage
It is little that this mining type easily causes live wire spreading range, and advances by leaps and bounds along horizontal wellbore direction, and then live wire breaks through horizontal well
Cause test failure, and utilize many mouthfuls of straight well aerofluxuss to there is the problems such as investment is high, well pattern design difficulty is big, use
Horizontal well aerofluxus can be effectively improved the live wire that straight well aerofluxus causes and advance by leaps and bounds, invests the problems such as height, substantially increases live wire
Involve scope.
Utility model content
Investing the problems such as high, well pattern design difficulty is big when carrying out auxiliary exhaust in order to solve straight well, this practicality is new
Type provides a kind of well pattern utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form, and this well pattern breaks water
The production model of horizontal well production+straight well aerofluxus, design gas injection straight well, horizontal production well, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well one
Note adopt row's combined system.Therefore gas injection well is used to penetrate out oil reservoir top in gas injection well, the design of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well
And middle and upper part, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well is deployed in oil reservoir middle and upper part, make full use of live wire onlap, horizontal production well downwards,
Horizontal auxiliary exhaust well transversely pulls live wire, thus reaches to improve the purpose of fireflood assisted gravity drainage development effectiveness;
Simultaneously according to the difference of horizontal production well horizontal section length, it is auxiliary that a bite horizontal auxiliary exhaust well at least corresponds to 6 mouthfuls of straight wells
Exhaust-assisting well, effectively saves investment.
This utility model solves its technical problem and be the technical scheme is that
A kind of well pattern utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form, described well pattern includes level
Producing well and gas injection straight well, the position of gas injection straight well is corresponding with at the tiptoe of horizontal production well, and described well pattern also includes
It is arranged on the horizontal auxiliary exhaust well of the one or both sides of the horizontal segment of horizontal production well, the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well
Locate corresponding with at the tiptoe of horizontal production well, at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well with the heel of horizontal production well at phase
Corresponding.
Horizontal auxiliary exhaust well is arranged on the both sides of the horizontal segment of horizontal production well, two horizontal auxiliary exhaust wells relative to
Horizontal production well mirror image each other.
The horizontal segment of the horizontal segment of horizontal production well, the bottom of gas injection straight well and horizontal auxiliary exhaust well is respectively positioned on oil reservoir
In.
The horizontal segment of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well is positioned at the top of the horizontal segment of horizontal production well.
The horizontal segment of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well tilts relative to the horizontal segment of horizontal production well.
Vertical dimension at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well and between the horizontal segment of horizontal production well is 20 meters.
Vertical dimension at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well and between gas injection straight well is 20 meters.
Vertical dimension at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well and between the horizontal segment of horizontal production well is 30 meters~40
Rice.
Vertical dimension between the tiptoe of gas injection straight well and horizontal production well is 3 meters~5 meters.
The capacity of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well is one to two with the ratio of the capacity of horizontal production well, horizontal auxiliary exhaust
The exhaust velocity of well is 1st/to three/4th of the gas injection speed of gas injection straight well.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are, this well pattern breaks the production model of horizontal well production+straight well aerofluxus, design
The note of gas injection straight well, horizontal production well, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well one adopts row's combined system.Therefore at gas injection well, water
Using gas injection well to penetrate out oil reservoir top and middle and upper part in the design of flat auxiliary exhaust well, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well is deployed in oil reservoir
Middle and upper part, makes full use of live wire onlap, horizontal production well auxiliary exhaust well downward, horizontal transversely pulls live wire, from
And reach to improve the purpose of fireflood assisted gravity drainage development effectiveness;According to horizontal production well horizontal section length the most not
With, a bite horizontal auxiliary exhaust well at least corresponds to 6 mouthfuls of straight well auxiliary exhaust wells, effectively saves investment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
With embodiment, this utility model is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the fireflood assisted gravity drainage well pattern schematic diagram being not provided with auxiliary exhaust well in prior art
Fig. 2 is the fireflood assisted gravity drainage well pattern schematic diagram arranging many mouthfuls of straight well auxiliary exhaust wells in prior art.
Fig. 3 is the well pattern utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form described in the utility model
Top view.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view in Fig. 3 along A-A direction.
Fig. 5 is the well pattern utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form described in the utility model
Schematic perspective view.
Fig. 6 is that the fireflood assisted gravity drainage being not provided with auxiliary exhaust well in prior art involves situation schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is that the fireflood assisted gravity drainage arranging many mouthfuls of straight well auxiliary exhaust wells in prior art involves situation signal
Figure.
Fig. 8 is that use is described in the utility model utilizes horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form
Well pattern involve situation schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals:
1, horizontal production well;11, at the tiptoe of horizontal production well;12, the horizontal segment of horizontal production well;13, water
At the heel of flat producing well;
2, gas injection straight well;
3, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well;31, at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well;32, the water of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well
Flat section;33, at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well;
4, oil reservoir.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to technical characteristic of the present utility model, purpose and effect are more clearly understood from, now comparison accompanying drawing explanation
Detailed description of the invention of the present utility model.
A kind of well pattern utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form, described well pattern includes level
Producing well 1 and gas injection straight well 2, the position of gas injection straight well 2 is corresponding with at the tiptoe of horizontal production well 11, described
Well pattern also includes the horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 being arranged on the one or both sides of the horizontal segment 12 of horizontal production well, level
At the tiptoe of auxiliary exhaust well, 31 is corresponding with at the tiptoe of horizontal production well 11, at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well
33 is corresponding with at the heel of horizontal production well 13, as shown in Figures 3 to 5.
The position of gas injection straight well 2 is corresponding with at the tiptoe of horizontal production well 11, i.e. being located proximate to of gas injection straight well 2
At the tiptoe of horizontal production well 11.At the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 31 with the tiptoe of horizontal production well at 11 phases
Correspondence, at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well, 33 is corresponding with at the heel of horizontal production well 13, i.e. level auxiliary row
At the tiptoe of gas well, 31 at the tiptoe of horizontal production well 11, and at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well, 33 near water
At the heel of flat producing well 13, as shown in Figure 3.
The reservoir condition that this well pattern utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form is suitable for is:
Core intersection > 8m, remaining oil saturation > 0.35, porosity > 0.20, permeability > 500md, deaerate under formation condition
Viscosity of crude > 50000mPa.s, reservoir depth 100m~3500m.
In the present embodiment, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 is arranged on the both sides of the horizontal segment 12 of horizontal production well, two
Horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 is relative to horizontal production well 1 mirror image each other, and the most as shown in Figures 3 to 5, two levels are auxiliary
Exhaust-assisting well 3 is relative to the plane mirror image each other at horizontal production well 1 place.The horizontal segment 12 of horizontal production well, note
The bottom of gas straight well 2 and the horizontal segment 32 of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well are respectively positioned in oil reservoir 4.Horizontal auxiliary exhaust well
Horizontal segment 32 is positioned at the top of the horizontal segment 12 of horizontal production well.Gas injection well is used to penetrate out top and the middle and upper part of oil reservoir,
Horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 is deployed in the middle and upper part of oil reservoir 4, can in plane, longitudinal direction effective tractive live wire, expand fire
Driving and involve scope, development effectiveness is optimal.
In the present embodiment, the horizontal segment 32 of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well can be relative to the horizontal segment 12 of horizontal production well
Parallel or tilt.When the horizontal segment 32 of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well tilts relative to the horizontal segment 12 of horizontal production well,
As shown in Figure 3.At the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 31 and horizontal production well tiptoe at distance between 11 be
20 meters.At the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well, the vertical dimension between 31 and gas injection straight well 2 is 20 meters.Level is auxiliary
At the heel of exhaust-assisting well 33 and horizontal production well heel at vertical dimension between 13 be 30~40 meters.Due to
At the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well, 31 when gas injection straight well 2 is nearer, and live wire comparatively fast breaks through horizontal row gas well, no
Effectively traction live wire effect can be played;And at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 31 apart from gas injection straight well 2 farther out time,
Live wire is affected offset by early stage temperature field of handling up, it is impossible to plays expansion live wire and involves the effect of scope, when level is auxiliary
At the tiptoe of exhaust-assisting well, the vertical dimension between 31 and the horizontal segment 12 of horizontal production well is 20 meters, and level assists
When vertical dimension between 31 and gas injection straight well 2 is 20 meters at the tiptoe of blast pit, can effectively pull live wire, expand
Involve scope.
In the present embodiment, at the tiptoe of gas injection straight well 2 and horizontal production well, vertical dimension between 11 is 3 meters~5
Rice.The capacity of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 is one to two with the ratio of the capacity of horizontal production well 1, and level assists
The exhaust velocity of blast pit 3 is 1st/to three/4th of the gas injection speed of gas injection straight well 2.Gas injection straight well 2,
Horizontal production well 1, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 synchronize steam soak preheating, form unified continuous print thermal communication, and shape
Becoming the draining cavity of certain space form, after entering gravity fireflood, live wire can quickly be formed and equalize extension.At fire
During driving assisted gravity drainage, yield drastically declines with the minimizing of capacity, and live wire leading edge temperature is with capacity
Reducing and reduce, involve range shorter simultaneously, reservoir pressure rises, and fireflood effect is deteriorated and even stops production, when level is auxiliary
When exhaust-assisting well is opened, the capacity of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 is 1 with the ratio of the capacity of horizontal production well 1:
2, the gas injection speed that exhaust velocity is gas injection straight well 2 of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 1/4~1/3 time, leading edge temperature
And reservoir pressure is relatively stable, fireflood produces and is steadily smoothed out.
The actual application of this well pattern that utilize horizontal row gas well adjustment fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form is described below
Situation.
Oil field B is a disconnected nose oil reservoir formed by two tomography clampings, reservoir buried depth-875m~-1015m, oil reservoir
Effective thickness 61.4m, internal partition aplasia, is a thick massive oil reservoir, and average pore 0.25 is averagely permeated
Rate 1335md, 50 DEG C of viscosity of crude 59834mPa.s, current average residual oil saturation (Sor) about 0.50.
According to oil field geologic feature and exploitation actuality, carry out coarse sizing.This oil reservoir meets following condition: core intersection > 8m,
Remaining oil saturation > 0.35, porosity > 0.20, permeability > 500md, degassed crude viscosity under formation condition
> 50000mPa.s, reservoir depth 100m~3500m;
According to this reservoir layer intraformational bed distribution situation, in longitudinal direction, entirety is divided into a set of straticulate exploration;Gas injection straight well 1
Penetrating out the 1/3 of oil reservoir top, horizontal production well 1 is positioned at bottom oil reservoir, and horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 is disposed in its both sides,
It is positioned at the middle and upper part of oil reservoir 4, as shown in Figures 3 to 5;At the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well, 31 produce with level
Vertical dimension between the horizontal segment 12 of well is 20 meters, at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 31 with gas injection straight well 2
Between vertical dimension be 20 meters, at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 33 with the horizontal segment 12 of horizontal production well it
Between vertical dimension be 30 meters~40 meters.Gas injection straight well 2, horizontal production well 1, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 synchronize
Steam soak preheats, and proceeds to fireflood after forming unified continuous print thermal communication, and the draining cavity of formation certain space form
Assisted gravity drainage, during fireflood, horizontal auxiliary exhaust well 3 is 1:2 with the ratio of the capacity of horizontal production well 1,
Exhaust velocity is the 1/4~1/3 of gas injection speed.
Use what well pattern of the present utility model carried out fireflood assisted gravity drainage to involve situation as shown in Figure 8, can be seen it
Involve that scope is existing more than shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 involves scope.Prediction can improve recovery ratio 35% left side on earth than handling up
The right side, oil reservoir ultimate recovery, up to 59.8%, is compared and is not provided with auxiliary exhaust well fireflood assisted gravity drainage recovery ratio and carries
High-amplitude increases about 10%.
The foregoing is only the schematic detailed description of the invention of this utility model, be not limited to model of the present utility model
Enclose.Any those skilled in the art, the equivalent made on the premise of without departing from design of the present utility model and principle
Change and amendment, all should belong to the scope of this utility model protection.And it should be noted that of the present utility model respectively
Ingredient is not limited in above-mentioned overall applicability, and each technical characteristic described in description of the present utility model can root
According to being actually needed one independent employing of selection or selecting the multinomial use that combines, therefore, this utility model is natural
Cover other combinations relevant with this case innovative point and specifically apply.
Claims (10)
1. utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust a well pattern for fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form, described well pattern includes
At horizontal production well (1) and gas injection straight well (2), the position of gas injection straight well (2) and the tiptoe of horizontal production well (11)
Corresponding, it is characterised in that described well pattern also includes the side or two being arranged on the horizontal segment (12) of horizontal production well
The horizontal auxiliary exhaust well (3) of side, at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well at the tiptoe of (31) and horizontal production well (11)
Corresponding, at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well, (33) are corresponding with (13) at the heel of horizontal production well.
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 1
Net, it is characterised in that horizontal auxiliary exhaust well (3) is arranged on the both sides of the horizontal segment (12) of horizontal production well,
Two horizontal auxiliary exhaust wells (3) are relative to horizontal production well (1) mirror image each other.
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 2
Net, it is characterised in that the horizontal segment (12) of horizontal production well, the bottom of gas injection straight well (2) and horizontal auxiliary exhaust
The horizontal segment (32) of well is respectively positioned in oil reservoir (4).
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 3
Net, it is characterised in that the horizontal segment (32) of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well is positioned at the horizontal segment (12) of horizontal production well
Top.
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 2
Net, it is characterised in that the horizontal segment (32) of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well is relative to the horizontal segment (12) of horizontal production well
Tilt.
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 5
Net, it is characterised in that at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well between the horizontal segment (12) of (31) and horizontal production well
Vertical dimension be 20 meters.
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 5
Net, it is characterised in that vertical dimension between (31) and gas injection straight well (2) at the tiptoe of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well
It it is 20 meters.
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 5
Net, it is characterised in that at the heel of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well between the horizontal segment (12) of (33) and horizontal production well
Vertical dimension be 30 meters~40 meters.
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 1
Net, it is characterised in that at gas injection straight well (2) and the tiptoe of horizontal production well, the vertical dimension between (11) is 3
Rice~5 meters.
The well utilizing horizontal row gas well to adjust fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form the most according to claim 1
Net, it is characterised in that the capacity of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well (3) and the ratio of the capacity of horizontal production well (1)
It is one to two, 1/4th of the gas injection speed that exhaust velocity is gas injection straight well (2) of horizontal auxiliary exhaust well (3)
To 1/3rd.
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CN201620436150.1U CN205743867U (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2016-05-13 | Horizontal row gas well is utilized to adjust the well pattern of fireflood assisted gravity drainage live wire form |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106869887A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-20 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | A kind of method of offshore oilfield combustion in situ exploitation |
CN110344798A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-10-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of gravity fireflood method improving gravity fireflood regulation using horizontal row gas well |
CN112177580A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Fire flooding oil extraction method |
-
2016
- 2016-05-13 CN CN201620436150.1U patent/CN205743867U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106869887A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-20 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | A kind of method of offshore oilfield combustion in situ exploitation |
CN110344798A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-10-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of gravity fireflood method improving gravity fireflood regulation using horizontal row gas well |
CN112177580A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Fire flooding oil extraction method |
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