CN204965898U

CN204965898U - Rig installation analog system's totality structure

Info

Publication number: CN204965898U
Application number: CN201520046273.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范士洪; 刘腾跃; 郭杰; 杨晓莉; 李文杰; 包文涛; 高德友; 呼东风; 仇珍珠; 丁鹏
Original assignee: China Petroleum Technology and Development Corp
Current assignee: China Petroleum Technology and Development Corp
Priority date: 2015-01-22
Filing date: 2015-01-22
Publication date: 2016-01-13
Anticipated expiration: 2025-01-22

Abstract

The utility model relates to a rig installation analog system's totality structure, its characterized in that: including front end hardware, front end hardware comprises rig simulator, front end operation panel, teacher's operation panel and three channels circular screen projection display system, and is wherein quick -witted including parameter calculation in the front end operation panel, and wherein entire system's data collection and control is accomplished to the distributed host computer of this parameter calculation machine conduct, and the execution of system's main program and the processing and the demonstration of circular screen figure are accomplished to main control computer and figure computer, this system includes that rig installation simulation training and rig operation simulation train two parts, and major control system and communication program communication obtain the hardware equipment state in real time, install the canonical process of operation in inside through relevant mathematic model, simulation land rig.

Description

The total structure of simulation system installed by a kind of rig

Technical field

The utility model relates to the total structure that simulation system installed by a kind of rig.

Background technology

GB2295480 discloses a kind of well control simulation system, and it comprises principal computer, and principal computer can run the computer module and multiple data-interface that can be connected computing machine and data output device that bore some simulation.This system is suitable for installing and being used in truly boring a little, and interface described at least some is suitable for being connected to data and exports and input media, these data input-output device ingredient well control systems, and this simulation system is just arranged on wherein.

Domestic University of Electronic Science and Technology master thesis " design and implimentation of New well drilling engineering training and examination simulation system ", the present situation of its development is simulated from modern process training, in conjunction with the development of computer technology and mechanics of communication, analyze necessity and the importance of the development process of establishing training simulation system utilizing hi-tech, the problem and solution that run in the design of process trining mock up are set forth, give New well drilling engineering training and examination simulation system from feasibility analysis, hardware relates to master station design, the solution of the part such as scenario simulation, introduce the implementation method of master station software section.

Drilling simulation product aspect, representative with U.S. drilling simulation machine DS-200 most, comprise the DS-100 drilling well model of Daqing Petroleum Administration's development, but no matter be DS-200 or DS-100, it is all simulate for drill-well operation, and can not other operational example be simulated as rig is installed, but the instructions that the working specification of current rig setter and technical key point are mainly provided by producer obtains with training, operative skill is then by the accumulation of experience and teaching of master worker, often there is following problem in these modes: practice opportunity is limited, be difficult to improve technical level: due to the singularity of drilling operation, some months is often wanted in the work such as the dismounting of drilling outfit and installation, even within 1 year, just carry out once, operating personnel are difficult to accumulate various experience by practical operation.In addition, install at equipment, in unloading process, accident odds is relatively little, individual very limited to the process experience of accident, accumulation is difficult in the activity in production of reality to the judgement of accident, processing power and improves.Once burst accident, often from want of experience and processing power, cause the great loss of lives and property.

Therefore complete effective training system is badly in need of, and be necessary the simulation system of installing Development response for rig, on the other hand, be that the drilling well model of representative all adopts distributed computer control system with DS-100, a main control computer realizes simulation and resolves, three process computers control driller's operation and instrument display station, the devices such as well control operator's console and long-range throttling control desk respectively.Serial intermit mode is adopted to realize telecommunication between master-slave computer.Main control computer adopts BorlandC++ferWindows programming, and graphic machine adopts BorlandC++ programming, and process computer adopts the programming of ASM-96 assembly language, existing system complex, and lacks integrality, cannot meet training request.

Summary of the invention

The utility model is intended to overcome the problems referred to above, provides a kind of rig to install the system of simulated operation, with the installation of computer simulation emulation land rig, and the operating process of land rig.

The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions: simulated operating system installed by a kind of rig, comprise front end hardware, front end hardware is made up of rig model, front-end operations platform, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system, wherein front-end operations platform comprises Parameters Computer, wherein this Parameters Computer completes data acquisition and the control of whole system as distributed host computer, the execution of main control computer and graphic computer completion system master routine and the process of ring curtain figure and display; Described operating system also comprises communication software system, main control software system, graphic software system, main control software system comprises training on operation subsystem, system management subsystem, hardware check subsystem, described graphic software system comprises scene initialization subsystem, technique animation control subsystem, hit-treatment subsystem, render effects subsystem; Wherein said front end hardware is communicated by RS-232 with between communication software system, by tcp/ip communication between described communication software system and main control software system, also passes through tcp/ip communication between main control software system and graphic software system.

Preferably, training on operation module provides the training of the installation process in land rig installation process, and the training of main technique in land rig operating process, system setup module completes management to software systems and configuration feature, hardware check corrects and detects leading portion hardware, with the information facilitating user can know leading portion hardware whether normal operation at any time, communication software system sends to main control computer after mainly completing and obtaining front end hardware information from PLC; And the information sended over by main control computer is transferred to front end hardware by PLC is shown, the real-time display of important parameter is also responsible for by parameter machine, and reports to the police and arrange, manual operation function.

Graphic software system adopts full three-dimensional animation, construct one true to nature, virtual land rig installs operating environment, makes trainee have sensation on the spot in person completely, improves student to psychological bearing capability during accident treatment, obtains better result of training.

The interprogram communication of main control software system and communication, real-time acquisition hardware device state, in inside by Related Mathematical Models, simulation land rig installs some canonical processes of operation, and then complete: 1. by the parameter program communication of ICP/IP protocol with leading portion, obtain leading portion hardware data.2. utilize mathematical model, treatment and analysis is carried out to the leading portion hardware data information obtained.3. by the data after analysis, send control command by ICP/IP protocol to graphics software, control the action of figure.4. by the data after analysis, parameter machine is passed to by ICP/IP protocol, and then the real-time display of control hardware equipment.This subsystem is divided into the modules such as training on operation, Operation system setting, hardware check correction.

Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a kind of land rig installation operation simulation system to comprise: driller's operator's console, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.

Driller's operator's console comprises cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, the front of described cabinet is provided with driller's operator's console front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operator's console side control panel, and another side of cabinet is provided with the control panel that Mechanical course panel and buffering fluid cylinder are driven in top.On the control panel of driller's operator's console front, be wherein provided with power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release-push, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for cylinder clutch of stopping, used gauge tap, shift control switch, cat head gauge tap, pneumatic spinner gauge tap, cylinder height low speed switch, oil cylinder selector switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and the emergency stop switch stopped of input shaft; Also comprise indicator gauge group, wherein said indicator gauge group comprises bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure gauge, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs tensimeter, cat head tensimeter, drilling torque table, tachometer gage, rotating disk reometer, backset tensimeter and pulleying tensimeter; Driller's operator's console side control panel is arranged assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selector switch, winch rotating selector switch, No. 1 steam piano switch, No. 2 steam piano switches, No. 3 steam piano switches, low pressure alarm switches;

The internal control plate of driller's operator's console comprises driller's operator's console first programmable controller PLC 1 and the second programmable controller PLC 2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC and Parameters Computer data communication adopt RS232 agreement to communicate, wherein the first programmable controller PLC 1 CPU module by A/D module respectively with power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release-push, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for cylinder clutch of stopping, the used gauge tap of stopping of input shaft, shift control switch, cat head gauge tap, pneumatic spinner gauge tap, cylinder height low speed switch, oil cylinder selector switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connect, by the On-off signal port of PLC respectively with assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selector switch, winch rotating selector switch, No. 1 steam piano switch, No. 2 steam piano switches, No. 3 steam piano switches, low pressure alarm switch connects, gather each switch on driller's operator's console by PLC, knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of steam piano, gather winch clutch position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power regulator position simultaneously, the parameters such as monitoring suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration, make driller's operator's console realize the lift control to derrick/base, the control of the rotating speed to brill dish and the speed regulating control to steam piano by the control of PLC.

Wherein top is driven on Mechanical course panel and is provided with scram button, suspension ring meta button, reset/mute button, suspension ring revolution selector switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pump switch, locking pin switch, back-up tong selector switch, suspension ring inclination selector switch, brake selector switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, sense of rotation selector switch, the control panel of buffering fluid cylinder being provided with left and right fluid cylinder selects handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retraction joystick, wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operator's console CPU module by A/D module respectively with scram button, suspension ring meta button, reset/mute button connects, selector switch is turned round with suspension ring respectively by the On-off signal port of PLC, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pump switch, locking pin switch, back-up tong selector switch, suspension ring inclination selector switch, brake selector switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, sense of rotation selector switch carries out connecting to realize driving top controlling.

The control panel wherein cushioning fluid cylinder being provided with left and right fluid cylinder selects handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retraction joystick; Wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operator's console CPU module by A/D module select with left and right fluid cylinder respectively handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder stretch out/retraction joystick is connected to control cushioning fluid cylinder.

Parameters Computer completes data acquisition and the control of whole system as distributed host computer, the execution of main control computer and graphic computer completion system master routine and the process of ring curtain figure and display, and each computing machine is interconnected by ICP/IP protocol.Front end data acquisition between driller's operator's console and rig model and control are completed by SIEMENSS7-200PLC, and connect and compose Siemens PPI network.PLC and Parameters Computer data communication adopt RS232 agreement.Wherein this Parameters Computer has had after PLC acquisition front end hardware information, and information is sent to the communication module of main control computer, the information that wherein main control computer also sends over by communication module is transferred to front end hardware by PLC and is shown.

Rig model comprises derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model comprises derrick and derrick core controller.Wherein derrick is open front type derrick, is made up of main body, man-like shelf and annex, and annex mainly contains thribble board, dead line stabilizator, cage ladder.Derrick main body forms an open front shaped steel frame structure by upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, right epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section and back of the body crossbeam, brace, link, and the adjustment of main body is fixedly completed by two bayonet locks.Man-like shelf is by left and right foreleg, the portal structures of the composition such as left and right back leg and crossbeam, has been used for putting and propping up by derrick.Jack up unit is made up of big lifting rope, high trestle, low trestle and hook block support.Derrick adopts man-like shelf to hoist mode, rely on the power of drilling floor surface winch, big lifting rope is pulled by fast line, hook, realize derrick lifting, in order to derrick can be made stably by being placed on man-like shelf during derrick lifting, when transferring derrick, derrick center of gravity can be made again to move forward simultaneously, thus rely on derrick dead weight to fall, man-like shelf is provided with snubber assembly, is realized by the flexible of snubber assembly.

Derrick core controller selects siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) directly to control physical quantity corresponding to action button on driller's operator's console, using Parameters Computer as host computer, by teacher's controller, unified management is carried out to each PLC module of winch control desk and front end.Whole system forms the dcs of a resource sharing, task sharing.Communication between each control desk adopts the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

Substructure model comprises base and base core controller, and wherein base is primarily of base body, jack up unit, hydraulic damping device composition, and base adopts the motion principle of parallel-crank mechanism, thus the low level achieving high countertop fixture is installed.Adopt winch power, utilize hook block to make base from low level integral lifting to working position.Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower-ranking: upper strata is drilling floor surface part, be used for the equipment of installing drill table top, connected to form by pin, lower floor is pedestal base part, connects into left and right two parts respectively by left front pedestal and left back pedestal, right front pedestal and right back pedestal with pin.Connecting elements between left and right two parts has tie-beam, link and diagonal brace.Middle layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, plays to support drilling floor surface and play and puts base effect.Be made up of man-like shelf foreleg, man-like shelf back leg, front column, rear column, tiltedly column respectively, be connected with upper and lower layer with pin.Man-like shelf is made up of foreleg and back leg two parts, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on man-like shelf back leg, plays the effect of support in the process that man-like shelf hoists at whole base.The collar is equipped with at big lifting rope two ends, separately has the 1 group of pulley participating in hoisting to be fixed on man-like shelf back leg.Described drilling well model also comprises protective device group, wherein protective device group comprises the drilling derrick crownblock protector realizing drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lifting functions of anti-drilling derrick, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling derrick, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lowering function of anti-rig substructure, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling machine hook.

Each physical quantity that base core controller selects siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) directly to control on driller's operator's console, using Parameters Computer as host computer, carries out unified management by teacher's controller to each PLC module of winch control desk and front end.Whole system forms the dcs of a resource sharing, task sharing.Communication between each control desk adopts the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

For realizing the reusability of stimulating and training system; certain protective device that drilling machine derrick substructure model is installed, comprises drilling derrick crownblock protector, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook.For realizing hoisting and transferring and be controlled by driller's operator's console of derrick support, system adopts stepper motor to realize winch function.

The main control computer that land rig installs operation stimulating and training system must continually communicate with front end hardware, to obtain the equipment state of front end, namely obtains the operating process of trainee; After the equipment state of Real-time Obtaining front end hardware, through main control computer process, drive pattern software produces the animation process synchronous with hardware device operation; Meanwhile, be also provided with hardware corrected module, to such as knob, handle, the hardware that foot throttle etc. produce serial number corrects, and has met the use habit of user, artificial site operation feeling.

In a model, foundation and the parameter of all mathematical models are determined, all based on following hypothesis:

1), drilling fluid annular space large rock-carrying ability Lc >=0.5; Annular space drilling cuttings concentration C a < 0.09; Annular space fluidised form steadiness parameter value Z≤hole stability value Z value.

2), all general equation for drilling rate be based upon stratum statistics drillability basis on, it reflects the macroscopic law of heterogeneity formation drillability.Hypothesis affect these single factor test such as the pressure of the drill index of drilling speed, rotating speed index, hydraulic parameters, drilling fluid density difference and formation macro is simultaneously the funtcional relationship that the basis of the independent variable be independent of each other is set up.

3), when there is overflow in drilling well, the aerating mud that the gentle body of mud entering annular space in the unit interval is formed is mixed uniformly.Under this assumption, we can regard the gas content in the mixed mud of unit volume as equal.

4), find after overflow, should the closing well of termination of pumping in time.Before borehole pressure balance, formation gas still can constantly enter in well.Therefore, suppose to stablize from termination of pumping closing well to closing well during this period of time, in well, form one section of pure gas column of continuous print; And in Well Killing Process, this continuous gas column is not destroyed.

5), gas enters pit shaft and meets Darcy's law from stratum.

6) if the overflow entered in well is gas, then will expand when supposing that gas overflow rises in annular space, its expansion process meets the equation of gas state, and ignores gas slippage phenomenon.

7), the underground temperature gradient supposed in well is a constant, then:

Bottom temperature=underground temperature gradient × well depth+wellhead temperature.

Because this model is mainly used in simulation training, therefore, computing time, computational accuracy and and accuracy clashes time, in principle based on the time of guarantor, and undue complicated mathematical model has been carried out suitable simplification, but has ensured the accuracy of qualitative aspect.

Operation of teacher platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein this main control computer has main control module, and this main control module is used for communicating with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time, described main control computer also comprises the analogue means of following multiple rig model: rig model drilling process analogue means, rig model simulating overflow device, rig model gas expansion analogue means, rig mold cycle calculation of pressure analogue means, the analogue means that hoists/transfer of the drilling derrick/base of rig model drilling tool lifting analogue means and rig model, wherein main control module also includes following multiple simulation system: for simulating the device of the hoisting of land rig derrick/base/lowering operation, for simulating the device of land rig trip-out and drill down operator, for simulating the device of land rig drilling operation, for simulating the device of land rig accident emergency operation.

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used in teacher and monitors student's operational circumstances, carries out auto judge to operating result, marking.Wherein main control computer is for completing the execution of said system master routine, and it comprises module for storing and arrange analog parameter, for the module of simulation process program, for controlling figure, calculating draw the module of kill-job curve, the module for performance rating and student management, the module gathering front-end equipment parameter, the module controlling Displaying Meter on front-end control platform and topworks.Graphic computer is used for process and the display of ring curtain figure, interconnected by ICP/IP protocol between the two.

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system comprises: projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine.Wherein said projector is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and described three projectors form Fusion Edges optical projection system with, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine.Geometry rectification module, Fusion Edges module, color correction module is included in image co-registration machine.Wherein the image information that graphic computer produces is distributed to three projector by image co-registration machine, and carries out Fusion Edges.Described edge fusion technology is that the picture gone out by one group of projector carries out imbricate, and demonstrate one by integration technology and there is no gap, brighter, the entire picture of super large, ultrahigh resolution, the effect of picture is as being both the picture of a projector.As two or multiple stage projector combination projection one width picture, understand some image overlap, the main function of Fusion Edges is exactly that the lamplight brightness of Liang Tai projector lap is turned down gradually, makes the brightness of entire picture consistent.

Wherein Geometry rectification module comprises: described Geometry rectification module is for revising the geometric configuration of projects images, to ensure that Fusion Edges controls to adapt to multiple screen configuration, be preferably plane configuration, cylinder configuration or spherical configuration, make to project picture on curtain without geometric distortion.Described Geometry rectification module comprises following submodule: utilize longitude and latitude locating module and laser array to carry out sterically defined module in the mode of dot matrix to annular projection's curtain; The module forming equally spaced standard grid with space laser dot-matrix on annular projection's curtain is exported by the graphics management of computing machine; By intelligent successive acquisitions projected image input computing machine, and carry out Auto-matching by the space laser dot matrix on projection screen and standard grid thus draw the module of projector image and projection screen corresponding relation; Above-mentioned corresponding relation is utilized to realize carrying out the image exported the module of nonlinear geometry rectification.

Wherein Fusion Edges module comprises: for Iamge Segmentation being become the image segmentation module of some regular figures, projected by three projectors respectively to make some regular figures, the width being wherein divided into the overlapped part figure in adjacent pattern edge of some regular figures is within 5% of correspondingly-sized, and the edge of adjacent pattern after singulation appears in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge simultaneously; For arranging the longitude and latitude locating module of crisscross warp and parallel on the entire image, it makes the color of the warp in each regular figure and parallel different, and utilize three projectors to be projected by the some regular figures after segmentation, adjustment projector makes the warp in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge, and parallel completes overlap; Gray scale adjustment module, the brightness Alpha value regulating different projector is the white image of 100%, by gray scale photosensitive camera, photoreceptor signal collection is carried out to non-overlapped visuals, arranging its gray scale is α, the brightness of overlapped for adjacent pattern edge figure is lowered, until the gray scale of overlapping gray scale β and non-overlapped figure is equal or error is less than 0.5%, more different projectors is projected in the lump;

Wherein color correction module comprises: using smart camera to measure the module of the intrinsic brilliance that different projector produces when projecting same brightness color, the photo taken being processed to the module of the color map relation drawing every platform projector under different brightness; Before the display of every platform projector, arrange the color table of different screen, the mapping producing color value is with the as far as possible similar module of the same color making different projector projects and go out.

Wherein, above-mentioned projector is high resolving power projector, and above-mentioned engineering annular projection curtain can be LED/LCD circular shower screen.

Land rig is installed operation simulation system and can also be simulated accident and complex situations, fault common in main analog drilling process and complex situations.Main control computer generation accident, requires that the phenomenon that trainee is gone out by model reaction judges accident pattern, and correct accident settlement.The accident of main analog has: adhere to bit freezing simulated technological process, sand setting bit freezing simulated technological process, balling-up sticking simulated technological process, die nipple salvaging simulated technological process, junk milling simulated technological process.Its technological process is as follows.

Install the critical piece of operation simulation system according to above-mentioned land rig, the generation method of its three-dimensional animation model is as follows:

The first step, material collection, early stage, each step of rig actual installation carried out whole process shooting by video camera in the on-the-spot collection carrying out screen and photographic material in rig builder ground;

Second step, modeling, carries out 3D modeling work by the material collected; The size of model makes according to the size equal proportion of actual rig object completely; In order to ensure quality of animation, refinement is carried out to model;

3rd step, model action, after 3D modelling completes, according to installation steps and flow process, start the action adjustment work carrying out 3D model, from first step draw base line figure, the installation of each object afterwards comprises the action adjustment of crane, the action adjustment of the animation that object is in place and upper pin;

4th step, model pinup picture and material, the pinup picture of model and material make according to the gloss of true rig and color completely, ensure that in animation, each object is identical with actual conditions, then gives the model built up by these materials;

5th step, background is arranged, and in animation, rig infield is selected to carry out in desert, so selected short rock and desert as a setting; 6th step, light is arranged, and in order to the illumination under Reality simulation environment, allows whole rig install the effect of shadow of scene more truly, has made the light permutation of exhibition up to a hundred in whole scene, be used for simulating the illumination of sky and the irradiation of the sun;

7th step, camera lens is arranged, and the position of alignment lens had both represented the part on screen for animation, in order to ensure the installation process seeing each parts clearly, camera lens is set to aim at the parts installed, and during the tiny object such as upper pin, camera lens furthers and gives feature;

8th step, integrates, completes material collection, modeling, model action, model pinup picture and material, background is arranged, and light is arranged, after camera lens is arranged, whole scene is integrated together, has both comprised from draw base line, the installation of each parts, to the complete overall process that hoists of last base;

9th step, plays up, and the scene integrated is started to play up picture according to the camera lens set, and the cartoon setting in a second is 25 pictures, and photo resolution is set to 2560X768; The machine of playing up be 60 station servers compositions play up farm, continually to be played up by 24 hours, within 45 days consuming time, play up complete, amount to and play up 192000, fine picture;

Tenth step, dubs, background music and audio, and dub and engage professional voice-over actor to record, comprise explanation when each step installation steps and derrick lifting, background music coordinates different installation steps, selects the background music of different tune; And put in place in parts lifting, sledgehammer strikes the positions such as pin and is equipped with corresponding audio;

11 step, the later stage synthesizes, and 192000 pictures played up are imported synthesizer, synthesizes complete screen animation, add the Chinese and English subtitles explained orally, and will dub, background music and audio are synthesized in video simultaneously; In order to ensure the quality of products, the video format exported after synthesis is the avi file without compression, and whole file is 1.3TB;

12 step, turning pressure for issuing form, conveniently playing, needing original video files large for 1.3TB to turn pressure; Be set to 32000Kbps code check, WMV8 form, scrambler is FFmpeg; The definitive document turned after pressure is 29G; Play smooth, image quality is farthest protected.

According to the instructions demenstration method that land rig of the present utility model is installed, the effect of training significantly can be improved, enhancement training efficiency, and the limitation having broken country variant Standards and formats, facilitate student to understand.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the general structure of rig simulation system

Fig. 2 is hardware system

Fig. 3 is the communication between communication software and main control software

Fig. 4 is main control software and graphics software interactive structure figure

Fig. 5 is driller's operator's console front of the present utility model control panel front view

Fig. 6 is driller's operator's console side of the present utility model control panel front view

Fig. 7 is that Mechanical course panel front view is driven on top of the present utility model

Fig. 8 is operator's console control planning schematic diagram of the present utility model

Fig. 9 is drilling derrick of the present utility model/substructure model fundamental diagram

Figure 10 is derrick lifting process chart of the present utility model

Figure 11 is that base of the present utility model hoists process chart

Figure 12 is that base of the present utility model transfers process chart

Figure 13 is that process chart transferred by derrick of the present utility model

Figure 14 be of the present utility model normal under bore process chart

Figure 15 is slacking off process chart of the present utility model

Figure 16 is normal trip-out process chart of the present utility model

Figure 17 is that clipping technique process flow diagram is met in trip-out of the present utility model

Figure 18 is that of the present utility model normally creeping into connects column process flow diagram

Figure 19 be of the present utility model suppress jump off creep into process flow diagram

Figure 20 is that high pressure formation of the present utility model creeps into process flow diagram

Figure 21 is that low-pressure stratum of the present utility model creeps into process flow diagram

Figure 22 is adhesion bit freezing modeling process chart of the present utility model

Figure 23 is sand setting bit freezing modeling process chart of the present utility model

Figure 24 is balling-up sticking modeling process chart of the present utility model

Figure 25 is that die nipple of the present utility model salvages modeling process chart

Figure 26 is junk milling modeling process chart of the present utility model

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further illustrated.

The application relates to a kind of rig and installs operation stimulating and training system, as shown in Figure 1, forms primarily of driller's operator's console, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel projection nucleus curtain.Parameters Computer in driller's operator's console completes data acquisition and the control of whole system as the host computer of distributed system, the execution of main control computer and graphic computer completion system master routine and the process of ring curtain figure and display, each computing machine is interconnected by ICP/IP protocol.Front end data acquisition between driller's operator's console and rig model and control are completed by SIEMENSS7-200PLC, and connect and compose Siemens PPI network.PLC and Parameters Computer data communication adopt RS232 agreement.

Wherein front end driller operator's console comprises cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, the front of described cabinet is provided with driller's operator's console front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operator's console side control panel, and another side of cabinet is provided with the control panel that Mechanical course panel and buffering fluid cylinder are driven in top.Wherein on the control panel of driller's operator's console front, be provided with power knob 8, power on button 7, air horn switch 6, anti-collision release-push 5, suspending weight trimmer valve 19, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve 17, tongs torque damping device 14, standpipe pressure damper 15, drag for cylinder clutch of stopping, the used gauge tap of stopping of input shaft, shift control switch, cat head gauge tap, pneumatic spinner gauge tap, cylinder height low speed switch, oil cylinder selector switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch, also comprise indicator gauge group, wherein said indicator gauge group comprises bleed pressure table 2, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure gauge 3, rotating disk oil pressure gauge 4, rotary torque indicator 13, Pump pressure meter, tongs torque meter 16, left pincers tensimeter 9, right pincers torque meter 10, safety tongs tensimeter 12, cat head tensimeter 1, drilling torque table, tachometer gage, weight indicator 18, rotating disk reometer, backset tensimeter and pulleying tensimeter, and concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 4, driller's station side control panel is arranged assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selector switch, winch rotating selector switch, No. 1 steam piano switch, No. 2 steam piano switches, No. 3 steam piano switches, low pressure alarm switches, concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 5,

Rig model comprises drilling derrick and substructure model, and wherein derrick is open front type, is made up of main body, man-like shelf and annex, and annex mainly contains thribble board, dead line stabilizator, cage ladder.Derrick main body forms an open front shaped steel frame structure by upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, right epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section and back of the body crossbeam, brace, link, and the adjustment of main body is fixedly completed by two bayonet locks.Man-like shelf is by left and right foreleg, the portal structures of the composition such as left and right back leg and crossbeam, has been used for putting and propping up by derrick.Jack up unit is made up of big lifting rope, high trestle, low trestle and hook block support.Derrick adopts man-like shelf to hoist mode, rely on the power of drilling floor surface winch, big lifting rope is pulled by fast line, hook, realize derrick lifting, in order to derrick can be made stably by being placed on man-like shelf during derrick lifting, when transferring derrick, derrick center of gravity can be made again to move forward simultaneously, thus rely on derrick dead weight to fall, man-like shelf is provided with snubber assembly, is realized by the flexible of snubber assembly.

Base is primarily of base body, jack up unit, hydraulic damping device composition, and base adopts the motion principle of parallel-crank mechanism, thus the low level achieving high countertop fixture is installed.Adopt winch power, utilize hook block to make base from low level integral lifting to working position.Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower-ranking: upper strata is drilling floor surface part, be used for the equipment of installing drill table top, connected to form by pin, lower floor is pedestal base part, connects into left and right two parts respectively by left front pedestal and left back pedestal, right front pedestal and right back pedestal with pin.Connecting elements between left and right two parts has tie-beam, link and diagonal brace.Middle layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, plays to support drilling floor surface and play and puts base effect.Be made up of man-like shelf foreleg, man-like shelf back leg, front column, rear column, tiltedly column respectively, be connected with upper and lower layer with pin.Man-like shelf is made up of foreleg and back leg two parts, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on man-like shelf back leg, plays the effect of support in the process that man-like shelf hoists at whole base.The collar is equipped with at big lifting rope two ends, separately has the 1 group of pulley participating in hoisting to be fixed on man-like shelf back leg.Described drilling well model also comprises protective device group, wherein protective device group comprises the drilling derrick crownblock protector realizing drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lifting functions of anti-drilling derrick, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling derrick, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lowering function of anti-rig substructure, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling machine hook.

The core controller of drilling derrick/substructure model selects siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC), by each physical quantity on S7-200 direct control operation platform, using parameter machine as host computer, by teacher's controller, unified management is carried out to each PLC module of winch control desk and front end.Whole system forms the dcs of a resource sharing, task sharing.Communication between each control desk adopts the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

S7-200CPU module in drilling derrick/substructure model realizes corresponding function by the state of inspection derrick crownblock protector, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook, to prevent from damaging drilling derrick/substructure model during student's maloperation.

For realizing hoisting and transferring and be controlled by driller's station of derrick/base, system adopts stepper motor to realize winch function, devises with the controlled step-by-step impulse of high speed in PLC system.In S7-200, devise two PTO/PWM generators, a high-speed pulse string or a pulse-width modulation waveform can be produced.A generator is digital output point Q0.0, and another generator is digital output point Q0.1.The specified register of specifying (SM) position is that each generator stores following data: a control byte (8), a count value (32 unsigned numbers) and one-period or pwm value (16 unsigned numbers).PTO/PWM generator and Process image register share Q0.0 and Q0.1.When activating PTO or PWM function on Q0.0 or Q0.1, PTO/PWM generator has control to output, and common output point function is prohibited simultaneously.Output waveform by process image zone state, output point force values or immediately output order perform impact.When not using PTO/PWM generator function, process image register is returned to the control of output point.Process image register determines the starting and ending state of output waveform, produces startup and the end of waveform with low and high level.Train of impulses PTO operation exports a string square wave (dutycycle 50%) according to given PTO pulse number and cycle.PTO can produce single hop train of impulses or multistage train of impulses (use pulse envelope), can specific pulse number and cycle.PTO function allows train of impulses " link " or " queuing ", when current burst has exported, can start to export a new train of impulses immediately, to ensure the continuity between multiple output pulse string.

The internal control plate of front-end operations platform comprises front-end operations platform first programmable controller PLC 1 and the second programmable controller PLC 2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC and Parameters Computer data communication adopt RS232 agreement to communicate, wherein the first programmable controller PLC 1 CPU module by A/D module respectively with power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release-push, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for cylinder clutch of stopping, the used gauge tap of stopping of input shaft, shift control switch, cat head gauge tap, pneumatic spinner gauge tap, cylinder height low speed switch, oil cylinder selector switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connect, by the On-off signal port of PLC respectively with assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selector switch, winch rotating selector switch, No. 1 steam piano switch, No. 2 steam piano switches, No. 3 steam piano switches, low pressure alarm switch connects, gather each switch on driller's operator's console by PLC, knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of steam piano, gather winch clutch position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power regulator position simultaneously, the parameters such as monitoring suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration, make driller's operator's console realize the lift control to derrick/base, the control of the rotating speed to brill dish and the speed regulating control to steam piano by the control of PLC.

Wherein top is driven on Mechanical course panel and is provided with scram button, suspension ring meta button, reset/mute button, suspension ring revolution selector switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pump switch, locking pin switch, back-up tong selector switch, suspension ring inclination selector switch, brake selector switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, sense of rotation selector switch, the control panel of buffering fluid cylinder being provided with left and right fluid cylinder selects handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retraction joystick, wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front-end operations platform CPU module by A/D module respectively with scram button, suspension ring meta button, reset/mute button connects, selector switch is turned round with suspension ring respectively by the On-off signal port of PLC, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pump switch, locking pin switch, back-up tong selector switch, suspension ring inclination selector switch, brake selector switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, sense of rotation selector switch carries out connecting to realize driving top controlling.

The control panel wherein cushioning fluid cylinder being provided with left and right fluid cylinder selects handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retraction joystick; Wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front-end operations platform CPU module by A/D module select with left and right fluid cylinder respectively handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder stretch out/retraction joystick is connected to control cushioning fluid cylinder.

During work: first make front end stage, rig model, operation of teacher platform, and triple channel ring curtain projection display system all powers on, make land rig that operation simulation system startup work is installed, after Parameters Computer starts, automatic operation is arranged " land rig installs operation simulation systematic parameter program " wherein, above-mentioned parameter program is responsible for the state of receiving front-end hardware, after processing by Internet Transmission to primary control program, realize preferably including " the pressure of the drill " in parameter program, " suspending weight ", " discharge capacity " etc. creep into the outer aobvious of real-time parameter, and operation setting runnable interface can be entered into realize device initialize work and the operation setting of simulation job by program.After graphic computer has started, run graphic package wherein, enter following training project respectively to select: rig is installed animation, derrick lifting simulation, Virtual assemble operation, crept into simulated operation and electronic albums, selected on graphic computer by operator, different training project modules can be entered and give training.

Carrying out rig installation animation, when Virtual assemble operation or electronic albums demonstration, the execution of master routine is completed by the main control computer in operation of teacher platform, the graph data after process and module action data is sent the graphic computer of process for ring curtain figure and display to by the Data Transport Protocol of reservation, data in graphic computer are transferred to the image co-registration machine in triple channel ring curtain projection display system, the image information that graphic computer produces is distributed to three projector by image co-registration machine again, and carry out Fusion Edges, after geometry correction and color correction, by the graph data after above-mentioned master routine process and module action data projection on engineering annular projection curtain, with sound, to engineering technical personnel, the mode that image etc. are easy to carry out with operator man-machine interaction shows that rig uses, key operation flow process in installation and removal process and technical essential and whole drill rig components composition.This system adopts virtual display technique to build the extremely strong visual environment of a sense of reality, student is allowed to have sensation on the spot in person, show that rig is installed in mode intuitively to engineering technical personnel, key operation flow process in unloading process and technical essential, thus the understanding solving the existence of existing traditionally on paper instructions is difficult and understand the problems such as ambiguity, make the reading of instructions more simple, more vivid, stop to understand difference because of individuality and cause the generation misreading of instructions being caused to accident.

When carrying out derrick lifting simulation and creeping into simulated operation, upon power-up of the system, first winch, steam piano and rotating disk are carried out to initialization operation, valve member each on driller's station operator's console is returned to initial position, and driller's station operation is linked with derrick model.During actual use, receive operator on driller's station by the analog-and digital-input port collection on PLC on the one hand and operate the analog quantity and digital quantity signal that produce, above-mentioned signal is sent to Parameters Computer, information to be inputed to by the communication module of main control computer in the various analogue means in main control computer and draws with process and be suitable for outer aobvious signal by Parameters Computer, above-mentioned signal sends the graphic computer of process for ring curtain figure and display to by Data Transport Protocol, data in graphic computer are transferred to the image co-registration machine in triple channel ring curtain projection display system, the image information that graphic computer produces is distributed to three projector by image co-registration machine again, and carry out Fusion Edges, after geometry correction and color correction, by the graph data after above-mentioned master routine process and module action data projection on engineering annular projection curtain, thus the simulation completed derrick lifting process and drilling operation.On the other hand, take Parameters Computer as host computer, count by analog-and digital-on PLC the high-speed pulse signal that port exports and stepper motor is controlled, and then realize driller's station hoisting and the control of lowering operation to rig model.Therefore the operation simulation system that the utility model relates to can simulate rig installation and the various operating modes in using, by the experience of various possible accident and expert, join in training system, pre-buried by fault, artificially fault is set, simultaneous display related data and parameter, comprehensive training and operation personnel.System adopts virtual reality technology to build the extremely strong visual environment of a sense of reality, allows student have sensation on the spot in person.By the rehearsal repeatedly on stimulating and training system, student can grasp, be familiar with hints on operation and the technical manual of equipment, improves student to various accident diagnoses ability and processing power, reduces the generation of human accident, also training cost can be reduced, enhancement training efficiency simultaneously.

The software design patterns of this system mainly comprises rig and installs simulation training and rig operations simulation training two large divisions, and wherein rig installs that simulation training comprises derrick lifting operation, base plays lift operations, base lowering operation, derrick lowering operation.Rig operations simulation training comprise normal drill down operator, slacking off operation, normally pull out of hole operation, pull out of hole meet card operation, normally creep into and connect column operation, suppress jump off drilling operation, the drilling operation of high pressure formation, the drilling operation of low-pressure stratum, the judgement adhering to bit freezing and process, process mud drum operation, die nipple salvaging drilling tool, trouble of lost tool in hole milling, junk milling operation in drilling process.

This system, based on windows platform, applies the stimulating and training system of a set of collection soft and hardware one of the exploitations such as Object-oriented Technique, multithreading, 3DMAX modeling technique, VRTOOLS development environment, C++ development environment.System global structure as shown in Figure 2, communication software system, main control software system, graphic software system, main control software system comprises training on operation subsystem, system management subsystem, hardware check subsystem, described graphic software system comprises scene initialization subsystem, technique animation control subsystem, hit-treatment subsystem, render effects subsystem; Wherein said front end hardware is communicated by RS-232 with between communication software system, by tcp/ip communication between described communication software system and main control software system, also passes through tcp/ip communication between main control software system and graphic software system.

Training on operation module provides the training of most important 4 kinds of installation processes in land rig installation process, and the training of 13 kinds of important process in land rig operating process, is most important module in main control software.Training on operation module requires to undergo training the requirement operation model of student according to its technological process, and strengthening student grasps its operating process to the understanding of technological process is also skilled.

System setup module completes management to software systems and configuration feature.Use this module can complete the functions such as the customization of software common configuration.Some parameter in change system simultaneously, can change the method for operation of primary control program, meet the different needs.

Hardware check corrects and can detect leading portion hardware, with the information facilitating user can know leading portion hardware whether normal operation at any time, provides guarantee in real time smoothly for operation.

Communication software system sends to main control computer after mainly completing and obtaining front end hardware information from PLC; And the information sended over by main control computer is transferred to front end hardware by PLC is shown.In addition, the real-time display of important parameter is also responsible for by parameter machine, and setting of reporting to the police, the functions such as manual operation.

Wherein communication software system and main control software system, comprises three stand alone softwares altogether, is respectively signal procedure, and land rig installs primary control program, land rig operation primary control program.

All software systems all adopt object-oriented method to design.Described by the method for class completely by some key equipments of situ of drilling well (as: top is driven, well etc.), the attribute of its class, the event that can receive, with all consistent with real equipment to the response of event, fully achieve the reproduction of situ of drilling well.Simultaneously in order to make main control software reflect the result that the change of front-end equipment produces in real time, adopt multi-thread mechanism.Whenever an operation operation, be shown as main thread with parameter interface, with drilling technology program for sub-thread, these two threads share virtual address space, form multi-task mechanism.

The main control software that land rig installs operation stimulating and training system must continually communicate with front end hardware, to obtain the equipment state of front end, namely obtains the operating process of trainee.The object done like this has following reason.After the equipment state of 1, Real-time Obtaining front end hardware, through main control software process, the animation process synchronous with hardware device operation can be produced by drive pattern software.Such as in graphics software, top is driven or the rising of hook and decline process are exactly by front end winch clutch, foot throttle, brake lever, the control of the parts such as clutch coupling gear.2, Real-time Obtaining front end hardware equipment state also obtains the operating process of trainee simultaneously, and this is the Back ground Information that main control software carries out Data Analysis Services.3, the front end hardware equipment state of Real-time Obtaining is also simulate the basic data of mathematical model in main control software.Such as in the simulation of drilling process, just need to obtain brill dish revolution, brake lever state, mud displacement, the parameters such as mud density.

Meanwhile, communication is a two-way process, and the drilling process parameter that main control software calculates also needs real-time Transmission to front-end equipment, observes for trainee and engineering technical personnel.

In sum, main control software and front-end equipment two-way, at a high speed, stable communicating be the key technical problem that whole system needs to solve.In systems in which, consider for performance, be responsible for communicating with the hardware device of front end by special communication software, between communication software and main control software, adopt ICP/IP protocol to communicate.Because front-end equipment adopts PLC to carry out controlling and processing, therefore adopt special communication protocol in systems in which, use rs-232 standard transmission data.

For the communication between communication software and main control software, mutual Transmission Control Protocol is adopted to carry out.Communication software is server end, and main control software is client.In order to better control communication process, with the addition of two controling parameters.First parameter Direction represents the flow direction of data, equals 1 expression main control software request front end hardware data, equals 2 expression main control softwares and send to front end hardware data.Second parameter Mud represents that mud property parameter is originated, and equal 1 expression main control software and send mud property parameter to front end hardware, equal 2 expression main control software request front end mud property parameters, agreement process flow diagram as shown in the figure.

Communication software sends to main control software data layout mainly to comprise Boolean type, short and floating type, wherein Boolean type variable acts predominantly on as signals such as button, LED status, switch, right position, such as each button, left and right cat head is in forward/back position etc.Short is used for various adjusting knob signal, such as 1-3 pump adjusting knob.Floating type is used for other parameters, such as mud density, mud viscosity, mud dehydration, standpipe pressure, Top Drive RPM etc.

In more detail, the utility model also comprises these contents: land rig is installed operation simulation system and comprised: driller's operator's console, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.

Driller's operator's console comprises cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, the front of described cabinet is provided with driller's operator's console front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operator's console side control panel, and another side of cabinet is provided with the control panel that Mechanical course panel and buffering fluid cylinder are driven in top.On the control panel of driller's operator's console front, be wherein provided with power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release-push, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for cylinder clutch of stopping, used gauge tap, shift control switch, cat head gauge tap, pneumatic spinner gauge tap, cylinder height low speed switch, oil cylinder selector switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and the emergency stop switch stopped of input shaft; Also comprise indicator gauge group, wherein said indicator gauge group comprises bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure gauge, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tongs torque meter, left pincers tensimeter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs tensimeter, cat head tensimeter, drilling torque table, tachometer gage, weight indicator, rotating disk reometer, backset tensimeter and pulleying tensimeter; Driller's station side control panel is arranged assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selector switch, winch rotating selector switch, No. 1 steam piano switch, No. 2 steam piano switches, No. 3 steam piano switches, low pressure alarm switches;

5), gas enters pit shaft and meets Darcy's law from stratum.

7), the underground temperature gradient supposed in well is a constant, then:

(1) drilling process model

1), equation for drilling rate

V = \frac{131.27}{{5.5076}^{a} 60^{b} {0.01026}^{c}} \times W^{a} \times N^{b} \times H_{EI}^{c} \times e^{d (ρ_{m} - ρ_{p})}

In formula:

A--the pressure of the drill index

(a = 0.5366 + {0.1993}^{k_{d}})

B--rotating speed index

(b = 0.9250 - {0.0375}^{k_{d}})

C--reservoir pressure index

(c = 0.7011 - {0.0568}^{k_{d}})

D--drilling fluid density difference coefficient

(d = {0.9767}^{k_{d}} - 7.2703)

K _d--stratum statistics drillability (k _d=0.00165H+0.635)

W--is than the pressure of the drill (KN/mm)

N--rotating speed (rpm)

H _eI--effectively drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm ²)

ρ _m--actual or design mud density (g/cm ³)

ρ _p--reservoir pressure equal yield density (g/cm ³)

V--rate of penetration (m/h)

2), effective drill bit is than the calculating of water-horse power

H_{EI} = 10.95 \frac{ρ_{m} Q^{3}}{d_{e}^{4} D_{b}^{2}}

In formula:

H _eI--effectively drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm ²)

ρ _m--actual or design mud density (g/cm ³)

Q--discharge capacity, liter/second

D _b--bit diameter, centimetre

D _e--nozzle equivalent diameter, centimetre

(j ₁, j ₂, j ₃nozzle diameter, centimetre)

(2) overflow model

1), flooding process simulation

When there is overflow, the gas flow entered from stratum in pit shaft increases, and bottomhole wellbore pressure will constantly reduce, and gas admission velocity will constantly increase, and in this process, the change of all parameters is all the continuous function of time.For this reason, if in a quite little time interval Δ t, air inflow meets quadratic linear equation.

(1) gas flow calculates

Q_{gS} = C (P_{P}^{2} - P_{b}^{2})

In formula:

Q _gs--corresponding to P _bstandard state under gas flow amount, m3/s

P _p, P _b--stratum, shaft bottom effective pressure, kPa

C--seepage coefficient, rice 3/ kPa of second (0.2)

Within the j moment Δ t time:

Q_{gs (j)} = C [P_{p (j)}^{2} - P_{b (j - 1)}^{2}]

(2) every section of potpourri length Δ H _{mi × (j)}(j=1,2,3 ... n-1)

Δ H _{mi × (j)}={ Q [P _(j)-P _(j-1)]+U _jq _{gs (j)}ln [P _(j)/ P _(j-1)] in/(g ρ Q) formula:

Q--mud displacement, m3/s

U_{j} = \frac{Z_{j} T_{j} P_{s}}{Z_{s} T_{s}},

KPa

P _(j)--jth section potpourri base pressure, kPa

P _(j-1)--jth section potpourri top pressure, kPa

ρ--mud density, grams per cubic centimter

G--acceleration of gravity, meter per second 2

(3) annular space potpourri total length

H_{mi \times (n)} = Σ_{j = 1}^{n} {ΔH}_{mi \times (j)}

(4) spillway discharge in well

V_{K} = [Σ_{j = 1}^{n} Q_{gs (j)}] Δt

(5) every section of mixture density is determined

In formula:

--slurry body integration amount in potpourri,

A _a--this overflow segment annular space cross-sectional area, millimeter 2

--natural-gas integration amount in potpourri,

ρ _g--natural gas density, grams per cubic centimter

Because ρ _gmuch smaller than ρ, so above formula can be rewritten as:

2), closing well flooding process simulation

Closing well process is actually the process that bottomhole wellbore pressure recovers.During firm closing well, due to bottomhole wellbore pressure lack of equilibrium reservoir pressure, resident fluid also will continue to enter pit shaft, and the gases at high pressure entered, the compression of mineshaft annulus potpourri, make casing pressure and standpipe pressure constantly increase.Along with the prolongation of shut-in time, bottomhole wellbore pressure increases gradually, and resident fluid admission velocity reduces gradually, to the last bottomhole wellbore pressure equilibrium strata pressure.In closing well process, no matter be pit shaft or stratum, all parameters are all the functions of time.Because the mathematical model and computing method thereof that describe this process are very complicated, be not described further at this.Only provide the relevant parameters computing formula such as closing well stable rear shaft bottom potpourri length below.

(1) closing well stable rear shaft bottom potpourri length

H_{mixO} = [nΔP + Σ_{j = 1}^{n} U_{j} \frac{Q_{gs (j)}}{Q} \ln \frac{P_{P} - (n - j) ΔP}{P_{P} - (n - j + 1) ΔP}] / gρ

In formula:

ΔP＝gρQΔt/A _a

In n--annular space divide the hop count of potpourri

(2) closing well stablizes the length of the pure gas column in rear shaft bottom

H _mix(n+1)＝H _mixO-H _mix(n)

(3) gas expansion model

1), the equation of gas state

\frac{PV}{ZT} = \frac{P_{s} V_{s}}{Z_{s} T_{s}}

In formula:

P _s--the pressure under standard state, kPa

V _s--the volume under standard state, rice 3

Z _s--the compressibility coefficient under standard state

T _s--the temperature under standard state, ° K

P--pressure, kPa

V--gas volume, rice 3

T--temperature, ° K

Z--is T in temperature, and pressure is the compressibility coefficient under the condition of P

As long as we are aware of the pressure in certain moment, temperature and compressibility coefficient, just can in the hope of gas volume now.

2), the pressure that produces in annular space of gas overflow weight

According to gas in annular space in uphill process gas weight constant, trying to achieve gas column with the equation of gas state in the density in kill-job moment is:

ρ_{g} = \frac{Z_{s} T_{s} ρ_{s} P_{x}}{Z_{x} T_{x} P_{s}}

In formula: ρ _s, P _s, T _s, Z _s--represent the gas density under standard state respectively, pressure, temperature and compressibility coefficient, T _x--gas rises to a certain moment gas column mid point formation temperature, ° K

The pressure that then gas column weight causes is:

P_{w} = 9.8 ρ_{g} H_{x} = \frac{9.8 P_{x} Z_{s} T_{s} ρ_{s}}{Z_{x} T_{x} P_{s}}

By gas height gas volume V _x(rice 3) and cross-sectional area A _a(rice 3) represents, then:

P_{w} = 9.8 \frac{P_{x} Z_{s} T_{s} ρ_{s} V_{x}}{P_{s} Z_{x} T_{x} A_{s}}

A in formula _afor the cross-sectional area of gas place annular space section, change; But in order to convenience of calculation, can by A _avalue be taken as the average traversal area of whole annular space, then the pressure that gas weight causes is a constant.Because the value of this pressure is originally very little, the error caused after such simplify processes can be disregarded.

3), gas compressive coefficient

Quote Kenneth, the formula that R.Hall proposes, after simplifying, obtains following computing formula to ask Z _xvalue:

Z = 1 + (0.3156 - \frac{1.0467}{T_{r}} - \frac{0.5783}{{T_{r}}^{3}}) W + (0.5353 - \frac{0.6123}{T_{r}}) W^{2} + W^{2} \frac{0.6815}{{T_{r}}^{3}}

In formula:

W = 0.27 \frac{P_{r}}{{ZT}_{r}}

Reduced pressure:

P_{r} = \frac{P}{49.9 - 3.7 ρ_{g}}

Reduced temperature:

T_{r} = \frac{T}{49.9 - 3.7 ρ_{g}}

Above formula is an implicit form, and it is more difficult for being expressed by compressibility coefficient by an accurate expression formula, can obtain compressibility coefficient with trial and error procedure, and its solution is: first suppose an initial compression factor Z ₀, calculate P _r, T _r, then obtain W, finally calculate Z again, if | Z-Z ₀|≤ε (ε is precision, generally gets 0.0001), then illustrate the Z of hypothesis ₀it is exactly required compressibility factor; If | Z-Z ₀| > ε, then illustrate and need again to suppose Z ₀, then calculate Z.Until | Z-Z ₀| till≤ε meets.

(4) circulating pressure computation model

1), drill bit pressure consumption

P_{b} = \frac{{ρQ}^{2}}{20 C^{2} A_{0}^{2}}

In formula:

P _b--bit pressuredrop, MPa;

ρ--mud density, grams per cubic centimter;

Q--by the mud displacement of bit nozzle, liter/second;

A ₀--jet area is amassed, and centimetres 2

C--nozzle orifice coefficient (0.98)

2), pressure consumption in drilling rod:

P_{l} = B \frac{ρ^{0.8} η^{0.2} L_{p} Q^{1.8}}{d^{4.8}}

In formula:

P _l--pressure consumption in drilling rod, Mpa;

ρ--mud density, grams per cubic centimter;

η--mud plastic viscosity, handkerchief second;

D--drilling rod internal diameter, centimetre;

B--constant, internal flush drill pipe B=0.51655

Q--mud flow rate, liter/second;

L _p--drilling rod overall length, rice.

3), drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption

P_{l} = 0.57503 \frac{ρ^{0.8} η^{0.2} L_{p} Q^{1.8}}{{(D - D_{0})}^{3} {(D + D_{0})}^{1.8}}

In formula:

P _l--drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa;

ρ--mud density, grams per cubic centimter;

η--mud plastic viscosity, handkerchief second;

D, D ₀--hole diameter and drilling rod external diameter, centimetre;

Q--mud flow rate, liter/second;

L _p--drilling rod overall length, rice.

4), drill collar inside pressure consumption

P_{l} = 0.51655 \frac{ρ^{0.8} η^{0.2} L_{c} Q^{1.8}}{d_{c}^{4.8}}

In formula:

P _l--drill collar inside pressure consumption, Mpa;

ρ--mud density, grams per cubic centimter;

η--mud plastic viscosity, handkerchief second;

D _c--drill collar internal diameter, centimetre;

Q--mud flow rate, liter/second;

L _c--bore very total length, rice.

5), the outer annular pressure lost of drill collar

P_{l} = 0.57503 \frac{ρ^{0.8} η^{0.2} L_{c} Q^{1.8}}{{(D - D_{c})}^{3} {(D + D_{c})}^{1.8}}

In formula:

P _l--drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa;

ρ--mud density, grams per cubic centimter;

η--mud plastic viscosity, handkerchief second;

D, D _c--hole diameter and drill collar external diameter, centimetre;

Q--mud flow rate, liter/second;

L _c--bore very total length, rice.

(5) drilling tool lifting model

1) drill string force model when, making a trip

Pull out of hole:

a (Σ q_{i} l_{i} - \frac{F_{f}}{g}) = F - gΣ q_{i} l_{i} - F_{m} + F_{f} - F_{k}

Lower brill:

a (Σ q_{i} l_{i} - \frac{F_{f}}{g}) = gΣ q_{i} l_{i} - F_{m} + F_{f} - F_{k}

In formula:

F--hook lifting force newton

F _m--friction force (or damping force) newton that brake lever produces

F _f--buoyancy newton

F _f＝ρ(∑q _il _i)ρ _a

The acceleration meter per second 2 of a--drill string

Q _i--the unit mass kg/m of drill string

L _i--the length meter of certain section of drill string

ρ--mud density grams per cubic centimter

ρ _a--certain section of drill string density grams per cubic centimter

F _k--the friction force newton of drill string in well

G--acceleration of gravity meter per second 2

2) pulling speed model when, making a trip

V _pt(i)＝V _pt(i-1)+aΔt

In formula:

Δ t--gets time step, second when calculating

V _{pt (i)}--t _(i)moment drill string speed, meter per second

The effect of brake lever is generation friction force, and to stop the motion of drill string in well, therefore, brake lever effect considered between 0 ~ 1, namely when brake lever is depressed completely, its brake lever act as 1, represents and stops extremely by winch; When brake lever lifts completely, its brake lever act as 0, represents and is totally released by brake strap.This braking action (braking action is exactly the friction force that brake strap and brake drum produce) between 0 ~ 1 meets winch brake drum friction model.

(6) model that hoists/transfer of drilling derrick/base

Derrick lifting transfers model

Derrick lifting force analysis: during derrick lifting, overall rotation around bottom coercive mechanism O is risen, and overall force analysis is as follows:

2F·(b+c)+P·a＝G ₁·L ₁·cos(α+α ₁)+G ₂·L ₂·cos(α+α ₂)

In formula:

A--is the arm of force of fast line pull to pivot point O

B, c--are respectively man-like shelf pulley both sides big lifting rope pulling force to the arm of force of fulcrum O

L ₁, L ₂--derrick center of gravity and overhead traveling crane center of gravity are to the distance of fulcrum O

α--be derrick lifting angle (0 ~ 90 degree)

α ₁--be the angle of outline line below derrick center of gravity and fulcrum O line and derrick

α ₂--be the angle of outline line below overhead traveling crane center of gravity and fulcrum O line and derrick

G ₁--be derrick deadweight

G ₂--be overhead traveling crane deadweight

P--is fast line pull

F--is big lifting rope pulling force

1. arm of force b and the relational expression playing lift angle α is calculated: wherein jack up unit is reduced to a planar motion mechanism, man-like shelf pulley is reduced to a fixed point.

b = S_{2} \cdot \sin (\arccos \frac{S_{2} - S_{1} \cdot \cos (A - α)}{\sqrt{{S_{1}}^{2} + {S_{2}}^{2} - 2 S_{1} \cdot S_{2} \cdot \cos (A - α)}})

In formula:

S ₁, S ₂--be structure preset parameter

A--is derrick when keeping flat, the angle between big lifting rope

α--be derrick lifting angle (0 ~ 90 degree)

2. arm of force c and the relational expression playing lift angle α is calculated: derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

c = S_{3} \cdot \sin (\arccos \frac{S_{3} - S_{1} \cdot \cos (B - α)}{\sqrt{{S_{1}}^{2} + {S_{3}}^{2} - 2 S_{1} \cdot S_{3} \cdot \cos (B - α)}})

In formula:

S ₃--be structure preset parameter

B--is derrick when keeping flat, the angle between big lifting rope

α--be derrick lifting angle (0 ~ 90 degree)

3. arm of force a and the relational expression playing lift angle α is calculated: derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

a = S_{5} \cdot \sin (\arccos \frac{S_{5} - S_{4} \cdot \cos (C - α)}{\sqrt{{S_{4}}^{2} + {S_{5}}^{2} - 2 S_{4} \cdot S_{5} \cdot \cos (C - α)}})

In formula:

S ₄, S ₅--be structure preset parameter

C--is derrick when keeping flat, the angle between big lifting rope

α--be derrick lifting angle (0-90 degree)

4. calculate big lifting rope tensile force f, fast line pull P and the relational expression playing lift angle α: as primary Calculation, have ignored the gravity of space low-angle, the distortion of rope and tourist bus, hook.

F = \frac{12 P}{2 \cos β} = \frac{6 P}{\cos (\arcsin \frac{h}{\sqrt{2} h + L_{D} - \sqrt{{S_{1}}^{2} + {S_{2}}^{2}} - {2 S}_{1} \cdot S_{2} \cdot \cos (A - α)})}

In formula:

F--is big lifting rope tensile force f

P--is fast line pull

α--be derrick lifting angle (0 ~ 90 degree)

L--be derrick lifting to α angle time, the length of this section of big lifting rope

H--is the vertical height of derrick top to ground

S ₁, S ₂--be structure preset parameter

5. lift P and the relational expression playing lift angle α has been calculated:

In formula:

G ₁--be derrick deadweight

G ₂--be overhead traveling crane deadweight

P--is fast line pull

α--be derrick lifting angle (0-90 degree)

H--is the vertical height of derrick top to ground

S ₁, S ₂, S ₃, S ₄, S ₅--be structure preset parameter.

Claims

1. a total structure for simulation system installed by rig, and it is characterized in that: comprise front end hardware, front end hardware is made up of rig model, front-end operations platform, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system;

Driller's operator's console comprises cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, the front of described cabinet is provided with driller's operator's console front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operator's console side control panel, and another side of cabinet is provided with the control panel that Mechanical course panel and buffering fluid cylinder are driven in top; On the control panel of driller's operator's console front, be wherein provided with power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release-push, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for cylinder clutch of stopping, used gauge tap, shift control switch, cat head gauge tap, pneumatic spinner gauge tap, cylinder height low speed switch, oil cylinder selector switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and the emergency stop switch stopped of input shaft; Also comprise indicator gauge group, wherein said indicator gauge group comprises bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure gauge, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs tensimeter, cat head tensimeter, drilling torque table, tachometer gage, rotating disk reometer, backset tensimeter and pulleying tensimeter; Driller's operator's console side control panel is arranged assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selector switch, winch rotating selector switch, No. 1 steam piano switch, No. 2 steam piano switches, No. 3 steam piano switches, low pressure alarm switches;

The internal control plate of driller's operator's console comprises driller's operator's console first programmable controller PLC and the second programmable controller PLC, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC and Parameters Computer data communication adopt RS232 agreement to communicate, wherein the first programmable controller PLC CPU module by A/D module respectively with power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release-push, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for cylinder clutch of stopping, the used gauge tap of stopping of input shaft, shift control switch, cat head gauge tap, pneumatic spinner gauge tap, cylinder height low speed switch, oil cylinder selector switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connect, by the On-off signal port of PLC respectively with assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selector switch, winch rotating selector switch, No. 1 steam piano switch, No. 2 steam piano switches, No. 3 steam piano switches, low pressure alarm switch connects, gather each switch on driller's operator's console by PLC, knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of steam piano, gather winch clutch position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power regulator position simultaneously, monitoring suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration parameter, make driller's operator's console realize the lift control to derrick/base, the control of the rotating speed to brill dish and the speed regulating control to steam piano by the control of PLC,

Wherein top is driven on Mechanical course panel and is provided with scram button, suspension ring meta button, reset/mute button, suspension ring revolution selector switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pump switch, locking pin switch, back-up tong selector switch, suspension ring inclination selector switch, brake selector switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, sense of rotation selector switch; The control panel of buffering fluid cylinder being provided with left and right fluid cylinder selects handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retraction joystick; Wherein the CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC of the internal control plate of driller's operator's console is connected with scram button, suspension ring meta button, reset/mute button respectively by A/D module, turns round selector switch respectively, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pump switch, locking pin switch, back-up tong selector switch, suspension ring inclination selector switch, selector switch of braking, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, sense of rotation selector switch carry out being connected to realize driving top controlling by the On-off signal port of PLC with suspension ring;

The control panel wherein cushioning fluid cylinder being provided with left and right fluid cylinder selects handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retraction joystick; Wherein the second programmable controller PLC of the internal control plate of driller's operator's console CPU module by A/D module select with left and right fluid cylinder respectively handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder stretch out/retraction joystick is connected to control cushioning fluid cylinder;

Parameters Computer completes data acquisition and the control of whole system as distributed host computer, the execution of main control computer and graphic computer completion system master routine and the process of ring curtain figure and display, and each computing machine is interconnected by ICP/IP protocol; Front end data acquisition between driller's operator's console and rig model and control are completed by SIEMENSS7-200PLC, and connect and compose Siemens PPI network; PLC and Parameters Computer data communication adopt RS232 agreement; Wherein this Parameters Computer has had after PLC acquisition front end hardware information, and information is sent to the communication module of main control computer, the information that wherein main control computer also sends over by communication module is transferred to front end hardware by PLC and is shown;

Rig simulator comprises derrick simulator and base simulator, and derrick simulator comprises derrick and derrick core controller, and wherein derrick is open front type derrick, by main body, man-like shelf and annex composition, annex has thribble board, dead line stabilizator, cage ladder, derrick main body is by upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, right epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section and back of the body crossbeam, brace, link forms an open front shaped steel frame structure, and the adjustment of main body is fixedly completed by two bayonet locks, and man-like shelf is by a left side, RAT, left, the portal structures of right rear leg and crossbeam composition, be used for putting and propping up by derrick, jack up unit is by big lifting rope, high trestle, low trestle and hook block support composition, derrick adopts man-like shelf to hoist mode, relies on the power of drilling floor surface winch, passes through fast line, hook pulls big lifting rope, realize derrick lifting, in order to derrick can be made stably by being placed on man-like shelf during derrick lifting, derrick center of gravity can be made again to move forward when transferring derrick simultaneously, thus rely on derrick dead weight to fall, man-like shelf is provided with snubber assembly, is realized by the flexible of snubber assembly,

Substructure model comprises base and base core controller, and wherein base is made up of base body, jack up unit, hydraulic damping device, and base adopts the motion principle of parallel-crank mechanism, thus the low level achieving high countertop fixture is installed, adopt winch power, hook block is utilized to make base from low level integral lifting to working position, base body is divided into, in, lower three layers: upper strata is drilling floor surface part, be used for the equipment of installing drill table top, connected to form by pin, lower floor is pedestal base part, by left front pedestal and left back pedestal, right front pedestal and right back pedestal connect into a left side with pin respectively, right two parts, left, connecting elements between right two parts has tie-beam, link and diagonal brace, middle layer is support section, be positioned at, between lower floor, play to support drilling floor surface and play and put base effect, be made up of man-like shelf foreleg, man-like shelf back leg, front column, rear column, tiltedly column respectively, be connected with upper and lower layer with pin, man-like shelf is made up of foreleg and back leg two parts, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on man-like shelf back leg, plays the effect of support in the process that man-like shelf hoists at whole base, the collar is equipped with at big lifting rope two ends, the 1 group of pulley participating in hoisting separately is had to be fixed on man-like shelf back leg, the total structure that simulation system installed by described rig also comprises protective device group, wherein protective device group comprises the drilling derrick crownblock protector realizing drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lifting functions of anti-drilling derrick, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling derrick, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lowering function of anti-rig substructure, realize the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling machine hook,

Wherein front-end operations platform comprises Parameters Computer, wherein this Parameters Computer completes data acquisition and the control of whole system as distributed host computer, the execution of main control computer and graphic computer completion system master routine and the process of ring curtain figure and display.

2. the total structure of simulation system installed by a kind of rig according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: training on operation module provides the training of the installation process in land rig installation process, and the training of technique in land rig operating process, system setup module completes management to system and configuration feature, hardware check corrects and detects leading portion hardware, with the information facilitating user can know leading portion hardware whether normal operation at any time, communication system sends to main control computer after completing and obtaining front end hardware information from PLC; And the information sended over by main control computer is transferred to front end hardware by PLC is shown, the real-time display of important parameter is also responsible for by parameter machine, and reports to the police and arrange, manual operation function.