CN203263350U - Integrated ultra-micro optical coherence tomography probe - Google Patents
Integrated ultra-micro optical coherence tomography probe Download PDFInfo
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- CN203263350U CN203263350U CN 201320241206 CN201320241206U CN203263350U CN 203263350 U CN203263350 U CN 203263350U CN 201320241206 CN201320241206 CN 201320241206 CN 201320241206 U CN201320241206 U CN 201320241206U CN 203263350 U CN203263350 U CN 203263350U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and provides an integrated ultra-micro optical coherence tomography probe. The probe comprises a thermally expanded core fiber, wherein the thermally expanded core fiber comprises a single mode fiber part, a thermally expanded core part, and an inclined reflection part; the thermally expanded core part is positioned at one end of the single mode fiber part; the inclined reflection part is an incline reflecting surface grinded at the other end of the thermally expanded core part. The probe adopts a method of completely eliminating two reflecting surfaces, thereby avoiding the interference phenomenon of reflected lights generated by the two reflecting surfaces.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to technical field of medical instruments, and particularly a kind of detection that is applied to cardiovascular OCT or tissue narrow space is to prevent the integrated superminiature optical coherence tomography probe of interference ring.
Background technology
Along with the reach of science, in medical science with in biology, various Image-forming instruments have successively appearred, for example: ultra sonic imaging, X-ray imaging, CT, MRT and PET etc., but what have the advantages and disadvantages part of oneself with these instruments.Ultra sonic imaging depends on the acoustic impedance of biological tissue, and poor contrast is difficult to find early stage canceration; The X-ray imaging depends on the density of biological tissue, density is larger, image is just whiter, but the Different Organs that approaches for density and the image of tissue can't not differentiated because contrast is high, and radioscopy makes tissue suffer the effect of strong ionizing radiation, and the high-energy of incident can make biological tissue's ionization.In addition, the CT in chromatography imaging technique, MRT and PET equipment and cost of use are expensive, and human body is had certain damaging action; For example: X-CT has higher imaging depth, can survey whole health, resolution can reach 0.7mm to 2.0mm, the image reconstruction work of not overscanning and intensive all will spend the long time, obtaining a complete CT image generally needed for tens seconds, so it is not suitable for doing real-time high-resolution imaging; MRI causes atomic resonance in body to send their information itself based on high-intensity magnetic field and high-frequency signal, and its resolution is also relatively low.And optical image technology becomes the comparatively ideal technology that compares, and wherein topmost representative is Optical coherence tomography (optical coherence tomography) OCT.Its advantage is: utilize infrared light to the human zero damage as light source (being generally 830nm or 1310nm), utilize the principle of door coherence time to realize chromatography, have very high resolution (micron order), can realize noncontact, radiationless, high-resolution and realtime imaging and in the body biopsy.It is owing to possessing above-mentioned special advantage, and Optical coherence tomography is a kind of medical imaging technology with fastest developing speed over nearly 20 years, is mainly used in ophthalmology, skin, dentistry, cardiovascular, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, early-stage cancer detection etc.
The core of OCT technology is Michelson's interferometer, because the OCT technology derives from white light interferometric method in fact the earliest, and optical coherence domain reflectometry measurement technology.The coherent light that this utilization one wideband light source sends carries out the measurement of reflected field, and has obtained by experiment the axial resolution of 10um and greater than the dynamic range of 100dB.And traditional image method mainly comprises nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) vessel imaging and angiographic imaging, yet these imagings are merely able to present profile or the in-profile of blood vessel, detail section to blood vessel wall and lumen of vessels manifests very fuzzy, comprise size, composition, crackle of blood vessel wall arterial revascularization speckle etc., these information have important clinical value for the vascular integrity Evaluation and Prediction.And, because X ray has very strong radioactivity, so also limited to a certain extent usability.Therefore, desirable Angiography should not only can find the focus zone of blood vessel but also can analyze this regional lesion properties under the prerequisite that guarantees necessary safety, thereby provides effective scientific basis for clinical diagnosis.Intravascular ultrasound imaging (intravascular ultrasound tomography, IVUS) can directly stretch into the profile scanning imaging that internal blood vessel is carried out blood vessel with a miniature ultrasound imaging probe.This technology has improved the resolution of blood vessel imaging to a certain extent, can find that some obvious focus is regional, but due to the frequency of employing ultrasonic probe generally between 20-50MHz, correspondence image resolution is approximately 200-100 μ m left and right, this resolution also is not enough to see clearly the details of blood vessel wall, has many limitation.And optical coherence tomography chromatography (the optical coherence tomography that adopts developed recently to get up, OCT) technology can realize the high-resolution imaging of micron order in cardiovascular, and the effect of clinical discriminating and diagnosis coronary atherosclerosis and therapeutic intervention is carried out tracking evaluation.
The appearance of endoscopic OCT is in the future carrying out the in-vivo tissue pathological changes and cancer diagnosis provides strong help.OCT imaging (Intravascular OCT, IV-OCT) has the unique function that can present arteriosclerotic micro details in blood vessel, and particularly those are considered to be easy to the lump that will break suddenly.The sharpest edges of this technology are exactly its high-resolution, exceed 10 times than the resolution of intravascular ultrasound imaging, can observe atheromatous plaque and the coronary artery micro-structure changes from tissue morphology.In addition, be implanted into observation and the location of support for blood vessel, in blood vessel, the OCT imaging is that common shadowgraph technique and intravascular ultrasound imaging are incomparable.From the result of OCT imaging the doctor can observe clearly whether support fully adherent, expansion, torn tissue, tissue prolapsus and the frame support rails situation such as whether be evenly distributed whether fully, these are extremely important for uses of estimating surgical stent.Present development along with the OCT technology, can realize IC high speed, high resolution imaging, and the appearance due to Miniature optical fiber imaging catheter probe can realize the imaging of artery stenosis inside pipe wall, and these are all that common imaging technique institute is unapproachable.OCT imaging catheter and intravascular ultrasound catheter compare, and the OCT conduit only is made of an optical fiber, and is without any need for sensor, simple and practical.
In blood vessel, the OCT imaging system is just to begin recent years to grow up, and it mainly combines the technology such as optical imagery, mechanical scanning, signal processing, is the product of multidisciplinary cross coupled.Miniature OCT imaging catheter not only is used for tremulous pulse, vein also can be used for lung airway, can also be used for the detection of various narrow spaces such as the micropore of femto-second laser processing.For the characteristics of cardiovascular imaging, spy upon head in needs are special and solve a following key issue:
1, probe miniaturization issues will enter into the tubulose arteries of human body because cardiovascular OCT pops one's head in, and is position the narrowest in human body, requires probe size even less less than 250um.And traditional endoscopic OCT probe is comprised of optical fiber and GRIN Lens and prism, and general GRIN Lens is of a size of 1.8mm, 1mm.The endoscopic OCT probe stock size outside dimension minimum of therefore making is only 1mm, is difficult to produce reach the requirement of cardiovascular OCT probe size.
2, eliminate the difficult problem of interference ring, because endoscopic OCT probe is comprised of optical fiber and GRIN Lens and prism, general optical system return loss is the 60dB left and right, but due to more than the signal to noise ratio of OCT system can reach 100dB, therefore the reflected light of each end face generation on light path still can produce the phenomenon of mutual interference, cause the appearance of interference ring, and the very serious quality that has interfered with image of interference ring must thoroughly be eliminated interference ring.
US Patent No. discloses a kind of mini optical fibre probe for No. 4740047, but does not come collimated beam because fibre-optical probe increases lens, thus can't allow beam convergence, so signal is very weak, can't reach the instructions for use of OCT probe.
No. CN100407980C, Chinese patent, a kind of scanning miniature optical probes is disclosed, can satisfy the demand of size microminiaturization, but because whole optical probe is comprised of optical fiber, coreless fiber, self-focusing optical fiber, the microprism made with the angle coreless fiber, occur a plurality of reflectings surface in the middle of causing, each reflecting surface can produce certain reflected light, thereby cause the phenomenon that interference ring occurs, and a plurality of joint face is when connecting, technique is more complicated, manufacture difficulty is large, and production cost is high.To be exactly a kind of scheme of announcing in patent be comprised of a kind of GRIN Lens less than 300um and reflecting mirror and optical fiber Fig. 1.Two end faces of GRIN Lens are all the planes, and the reflected light of two plane generations can produce interference ring, and concrete interference ring is seen Fig. 2.In the optical coherence tomography system, the reflex strength relation between the reflecting surface on the propagation path of light can be detected.In Fig. 2 two reflectings surface in the interior generation of very near distance than strong reflection, light is Multi reflection in two reflectings surface, the light of Multi reflection will cause the appearance of interference ring (ciomatic flare) through coherent imaging, be because this interference ring was non-existent originally in image and why be referred to as ghost, this can cause the decline of image quality.Especially when interference ring and actual imaging of tissue are overlapping, can cause and can't differentiate interference ring and real image, this is the difficult problem of a maximum of OCT probe.And owing to having adopted the plastic protective sleeve pipe in patent, two very disadvantageous factors are arranged, and the first, the refractive index of the refractive index of plastic protective sleeve and glass-reflected prism is not mated, and therefore can cause more reflected light to occur, and might cause interference ring yet.In addition because plastic bushing can only be done conglobate cross section, therefore collimated beam is equivalent to can carry out one to light beam and converge effect through a cylindrical lens through after plastic bushing, and causing the outgoing hot spot is ellipse light spot, produce optical distortion, can affect like this image quality of OCT greatly.
At this, US Patent No. 7805034 has been introduced the mini optical fibre probe of a kind of elimination ghost (being interference ring), it is in order to solve the problem of interference ring, must eliminate two planes between probe, therefore, describe a kind of way that adopts the globe lens welding in patent, replaced two planes of lens and reflecting mirror with two spheres, reduce greatly plane reflection light, therefore can eliminate interference ring (ciomatic flare).But the shortcoming of this patent is to have used a globe lens, is of a size of diameter 500um, can't satisfy the lens diameter size of cardiovascular OCT probe requirement less than the requirement of 250um.In sum, need a kind of detection that is applied to cardiovascular OCT or tissue narrow space of design, to prevent the imaging probe of interference ring.
Summary of the invention
Can not satisfy simultaneously size less than the technical problem of the interference ring of 250um and the generation of elimination Multi reflection in order to overcome to exist in prior art, this utility model provides integrated superminiature optical coherence tomography probe.
This utility model solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts:
Integrated superminiature optical coherence tomography probe, described probe comprises hot core expansion optical fiber, described hot core expansion optical fiber comprises single-mode fiber part, hot core expansion part and inclined reflection part, described hot core expansion section is positioned at an end of single-mode fiber, and described inclined reflection is the sloping reflector for wearing at the other end of hot core expansion part partly.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model: the diameter of described probe is between 125-250um.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model: the spot size that expands of described probe is 20-100um.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model: the spot size that converges of described probe is 20-100um.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model: the sloping reflector angle of described probe is 42 °-60 °.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model: also establish on the sloping reflector of described probe and be coated with the total reflection rete, and described total reflection rete is metallic diaphragm.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model: it is the quartz glass protective layer of 250um-500um that the described probe outside also has diameter, and the light output end of described optical coherence tomography probe is the plane.
With respect to prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are: adopt on the one hand the method for thoroughly eliminating these two reflectings surface, make it can not produce the reflected light interference, can satisfy simultaneously on the other hand size less than the advantage of the interference ring of 250um and the generation of elimination Multi reflection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of original optics OCT probe;
Fig. 2 is the image that interference ring is arranged after the imaging of optics OCT probe;
Fig. 3 is the image of eliminating interference ring after the imaging of optics OCT probe;
Fig. 4 is the cut-away view of TEC optical fiber;
Fig. 5 uses the structural representation of the optic probe of TEC optical fiber fabrication in embodiment one;
Fig. 6 embodiment two is with the optic probe structural representation of flat glass pipe.
Description of reference numerals:
1, single-mode fiber, 2, GRIN Lens, 4, reflecting prism, 5, TEC optical fiber expand core diameter; 6, TEC optical fiber non-expands core diameter section, and 7, covering, 10, the single-mode fiber part, 20, the hot core expansion part; 30, converging beam, 40, the inclined reflection part, 51, the quartz glass protective layer.
The specific embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
Fig. 1 is general cardiovascular OCT probe, the 1st, and single-mode fiber, the 2nd, GRIN Lens, the 4th, reflecting prism, two planes of GRIN Lens 2 are respectively at single-mode fiber 1 and reflecting prism 4 is bonding or welding, and the reflected light that these two planes produce will cause interference ring.The reflected light on plane can calculate by following formula:
（1）
In formula:
Be the plane reflection rate, in optical fiber and the welding of GRIN Lens end face or abutting edge,
Be 1.4681(fiber core refractive index),
Be the GRIN Lens refractive index,
=1.55.At GRIN Lens and reflecting prism end face abutting edge or weld, make because reflecting prism is generally coreless fiber, so refractive index is identical with single-mode fiber
=1.4681.As can be seen from the above equation, two refractive indexs are more lower near reflectance, therefore will be as much as possible with two refractive index match.Therefore two reflecting surface reflective light intensities are substantially suitable.The formula that calculates return loss is as follows:
RL
1= 10lgR
01 （2）
By calculating as can be known, the reflection echo loss of two faces is 31dB, therefore, two closely the light of identical reflex strength can form interference, produce interference ring (being ghost).
Address this problem, following three kinds of ways arranged:
1, thoroughly eliminate this two reflectings surface, just can not produce reflected light.
2, do not eliminate in the situation of reflecting surface, increase the joint face angle, the decrease intensity of reflected light makes reflected light weak to not producing interference.
When bevel angle is 8 when spending, return loss is greater than 90dB, and when bevel angle is 10 when spending, return loss is greater than 100dB.
3, do not eliminate reflecting surface and do not increase in the situation of reflecting surface angle yet, catoptrical distance is zoomed out, make the interference ring of generation exceed the indication range of image.
Because the imaging depth of OCT image is generally 2-3mm, therefore, so long as radius just can not show greater than the image beyond 5mm, the diameter formula of interference ring is 2nd+ λ/2, and n is the index of refraction in lens, and d is the spacing of two reflectings surface.The refractive index of lens is 1.55, as long as 2nd just can not demonstrate interference ring greater than 10mm on image.And the image of the imaging of elimination interference ring as shown in Figure 3.
The below namely for above-mentioned put forward thoroughly eliminating these two reflectings surface, just can not produce catoptrical specific embodiment.
Embodiment one
Consult shown in Figure 5, for embodiment provides integrated superminiature optical coherence tomography probe, comprise hot core expansion optical fiber, and hot core expansion optical fiber comprises single-mode fiber part 10, hot core expansion part 20 and inclined reflection part 40, and hot core expansion part 20 is positioned at an end of single-mode fiber part 10, also to make in an end heating of single-mode fiber part 10, the sloping reflector of inclined reflection part 40 for wearing at the other end of hot core expansion part 20.Wherein, the diameter of whole probe is between 125-250um, selects 125um in the present embodiment; The spot size that expands of probe is 20-100um, selects 30um here; The spot size of the converging beam 30 of probe is 20-100um, selects 30um here; The sloping reflector angle of probe is 42 °-60 °, selects 50 ° here; Also establish on the sloping reflector of probe and be coated with the total reflection rete, and the total reflection rete is metallic diaphragm; It is the quartz glass protective layer of 250um-500um that the probe outside also has diameter, and the light output end of optical coherence tomography probe is the plane.
Because whole optic probe is formed by a TEC optical fiber fabrication, without any reflecting surface, therefore thoroughly eliminated the interference ring that reflecting surface brings.
TEC(Thermally-diffusion Expanded Core Fiber) optical fiber has solved a lot of difficult problems about fiber alignment coupling and Power Processing in the single-mode fiber.Its structure as shown in Figure 4, what comprise TEC optical fiber expands core diameter 5, non-core diameter section 6 and the covering 7 of expanding of TEC optical fiber, TEC optical fiber are to use heat treated mode to make common SiO
2GeO in optical fiber
2The contained Ge atom of adulterant spreads, and forms expanded core fiber.Its index distribution is along optical fiber axle center variation, so mode field diameter also changes thereupon.Be equivalent to the end portion of optical fiber has directly been become gradient-index lens.Can replace optical fiber to add the structure of gradient-index lens, directly will export optical alignment or focusing.
And the refractivity of general single mode fiber covering and fibre core is by doped with Ge O in fibre core
2Reach.The refractive index of fiber core is higher than the refractive index of melting pure silicon in covering.When the heating general single mode fiber, the Ge that adulterates in fibre core
4+Ion will spread in fibre cladding, makes on cross section of optic fibre refractive index radially be graded profile, thereby reaches the purpose that enlarges mode field diameter.After the thermal-flame that adopts 1600 °-2000 ° heated uniformly to the single-mode fiber in about 4mm scope, the Germanium dopants that makes optical fiber be heated in the part fibre core was diffused in optical fiber, just can reach the effect that expands.Optical fiber is still step optical fiber in bringing-up section not, and between fibre core and covering, refractive index is step, has formed graded index profile in bringing-up section.
Normalized frequency
Can not change in whole heating process, in this explanation TEC optical fiber, optical field distribution still only has basic mode, and therefore, in TEC optical fiber, light still keeps single mode transport, and the difference of it and general single mode fiber only is the difference of mode field diameter.So still, can represent optical field distribution in TEC optical fiber with Gauss distribution, describe the emergent light characteristic of TEC optical fiber with the transmission characteristic of Gaussian beam.And the external diameter of optical fiber can not be heated change, facilitates the use of TEC optical fiber.Know that the normalized frequency of single-mode fiber and the core diameter that need to expand just can calculate the mode field diameter after expanding.
In the present embodiment the single-mode fiber of Application standard G.652 (healthy and free from worry SMF-28) calculate and expand effect, the fiber core refractive index of optical fiber G.652
Be 1.468, cladding index
Be 1.4628, core diameter
, therefore, when with
During calculating, refractivity
, numerical aperture NA=0.123.Work as heating-up temperature
The time, the diffusion coefficient of single-mode fiber
, do not carrying out before heat expands GeO in fiber core
2Doping content
Along with the passage of time that heat expands, GeO in the single-mode fiber fibre core
2Ge
4+GeO in ion and covering
2Si
4+Ion has carried out heat exchange, so Ge
4+The doping content of ion has caused the refractive index of fibre core also progressively to reduce along with the time of diffusion progressively reduces, and the part that expands of single-mode fiber has progressively become gradient index fibre by step optical fiber.
MFD(mode field diameter) be an important parameter of TEC optical fiber.In the making of TEC optical fiber, the MFD of optical fiber depends on acid extraction.The value of MFD can increasing and enlarge with the increase of heat time heating time and heating-up temperature.Increase heating-up temperature than the MFD that increases more effective expansion optical fiber heat time heating time.In order not destroy the single mode transport characteristic of optical fiber, the key that adopts the TEC technology is to control the length of optical fiber heating.The beam waist diameter of 10um is expanded the calculating of 30um gauss light beam waist diameter,
=1550nm is wavelength, and TEC optical fiber is 1.64mm from common single mode to the length that expands 30um.Usually heated length is 4mm when producing TEC optical fiber.
Embodiment two
Superminiature optical coherence tomography probe in above-described embodiment one all can increase quartz glass protecting tube 51 outside, and its structural representation as shown in Figure 6.
With respect to prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are: adopt on the one hand the method for thoroughly eliminating these two reflectings surface, make it can not produce the reflected light interference, can satisfy simultaneously on the other hand size less than the advantage of the interference ring of 250um and the generation of elimination Multi reflection.
Foregoing detailed description is only exemplary description, and those skilled in the art are not in the situation that break away from the scope and spirit that this utility model is protected, and the various embodiments according to different actual needs is designed all should belong to protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. an integrated superminiature optical coherence tomography is popped one's head in, it is characterized in that: described probe comprises hot core expansion optical fiber, described hot core expansion optical fiber comprises single-mode fiber part (10), hot core expansion part (20) and inclined reflection part (40), described hot core expansion part (20) is positioned at an end of single-mode fiber part (10), the sloping reflector of described inclined reflection part (40) for wearing at the other end of hot core expansion part (20).
2. superminiature optical coherence tomography according to claim 1 is popped one's head in, and it is characterized in that: the diameter of described probe is between 125-250um.
3. superminiature optical coherence tomography according to claim 1 is popped one's head in, and it is characterized in that: the spot size that expands of described probe is 20-100um.
4. superminiature optical coherence tomography according to claim 1 is popped one's head in, and it is characterized in that: the spot size that converges of described probe is 20-100um.
5. superminiature optical coherence tomography according to claim 1 is popped one's head in, and it is characterized in that: the sloping reflector angle of described probe is 42 °-60 °.
6. superminiature optical coherence tomography probe according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also establish on the sloping reflector of described probe and be coated with the total reflection rete, and described total reflection rete is metallic diaphragm.
7. superminiature optical coherence tomography according to claim 1 is popped one's head in, and it is characterized in that: also having diameter outside described probe is the quartz glass protective layer of 250um-500um, and the light output end of described optical coherence tomography probe is the plane.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103211567A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-07-24 | 深圳市中科微光医疗器械技术有限公司 | Integrated super-miniature optical coherence tomography probe |
| CN104688172A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-10 | 深圳市中科微光医疗器械技术有限公司 | Miniature OCT probe |
| US9933244B2 (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2018-04-03 | Corning Incorporated | Reduced back reflection optical coherence tomography probe |
| CN108324249A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-27 | 华南师范大学 | Optical coupled and photo-acoustic excitation intravascular photoacoustic imaging probe is realized based on conical fiber simultaneously |
-
2013
- 2013-05-07 CN CN 201320241206 patent/CN203263350U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103211567A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-07-24 | 深圳市中科微光医疗器械技术有限公司 | Integrated super-miniature optical coherence tomography probe |
| CN103211567B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-02-11 | 深圳市中科微光医疗器械技术有限公司 | Integrated super-miniature optical coherence tomography probe |
| CN104688172A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-10 | 深圳市中科微光医疗器械技术有限公司 | Miniature OCT probe |
| US9933244B2 (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2018-04-03 | Corning Incorporated | Reduced back reflection optical coherence tomography probe |
| CN108324249A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-27 | 华南师范大学 | Optical coupled and photo-acoustic excitation intravascular photoacoustic imaging probe is realized based on conical fiber simultaneously |
| CN108324249B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2021-06-22 | 华南师范大学 | Intravascular photoacoustic imaging probe capable of simultaneously realizing optical coupling and photoacoustic excitation based on tapered optical fiber |
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