CN200949094Y - Suspending bed hydrogenation reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrogenation reaction chamber of suspended bed. The barrel of the hydrogenation reaction chamber is equipped with an inner cylindrical component with the top sealed and bottom opened. The inner cylindrical component is fixed to the barrel by a gas-liquid distributing plate, or fastened to the hydrogenation reaction chamber by other means. Sheddings are arranged on the sidewall of the inner cylindrical component at different heights. In comparison with the prior art of the hollow cylindrical hydrogenation reaction chamber, the utility model can reduce the temperature gradient at axial and radial direction, accelerate the line speed of the liquid, reduce the back-mix-flow, decrease resistance time and avoid blocks. When applied in the hydrocracking of residual oil and heavy oil, the utility model has the advantages in that the utility model transfers heat quickly, and leads the system response heat out of the effective reaction region in time, thus decreases the temperature rise considerably, guarantees the temperature uniformity in the axial bed, lowers the probability of secondary reaction and coking and makes sure that the reaction proceeds stably.

Description

A kind of floating bed hydrogenation reactor

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of floating bed hydrogenation reactor, particularly relates to a kind of hydrogenator that improves fluid flow state inner member in the suspension bed that has.

Background technology

The floating bed hydrocracking technology is the important process process of heavier hydrocarbon feeds lighting.But because the temperature of reaction height, reactor is easy to coking, is difficult to stable operation.The floating bed hydrocracking reactor generally adopts the empty barrel reactor of no inner member, and liquid starting material and hydrogen mixing enter from reactor bottom jointly, upwards flow.

The flow state of fluid (comprising liquids and gases) in reactor is the important symbol of suspended-bed reactor performance quality.Directly have influence on transformation efficiency, quality product and running period.Because the effect of wall effect, reactor axle center fluid line speed is higher, and relatively low near wall surface current body linear velocity.The gas distribution that enters reactor is inhomogeneous, the air pocket that wherein contains some amount, and the specific surface area of these air pockets is far smaller than the specific surface area of small bubbles, because air pocket is very fast at the uphill process medium velocity, causes gas to be short-circuited in uphill process simultaneously.Two kinds of phenomenons directly cause fluid serious back-mixing in device, and interphase mass transfer, contact heat transfer deleterious are difficult to make reactor temperature to be evenly distributed.Cause coking yield to increase, transformation efficiency descends, and has had a strong impact on the running life of reactor.

Summary of the invention

At the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of floating bed hydrocracking reactor that has inner member, improves the flow state of suspension bed inner fluid, increases the stability of operation.

The utility model floating bed hydrogenation reactor comprises reactor shell, the tubular inner member is set in cylindrical shell, the end sealing of tubular inner member or establish venting hole, tubular inner member open bottom end, the tubular inner member is fixed in the reactor shell by the gas-liquid grid distributor, or is fixed in the suspended-bed reactor by other type of attachment.On the sidewall different heights position of tubular inner member opening is set.Opening can be various suitable shape, as circle, ellipse, Polygons, annular etc.Opening cylindrical shell best and the tubular inner member forms certain angle upwards, as 10 °～90 °, if barrel is thinner, the thrust-augmenting nozzle identical with above-mentioned angle can be set also.

The utility model adopts inner member is set in device, by bubble coalescence in the inner member suppressor and grow up or the bubble size uneven.Improve the fluid flow performance, make the device inner fluid reach good quality mass transfer effect.The utility model floating bed hydrogenation reactor can reduce axially and radial symmetry gradient, and the liquid-flow linear velocity increases, and will reduce the back-mixing situation of liquid in the device relatively, avoids the generation of situations such as moral.Because there are certain orientation and distribution angle in the hole of arranging on this inner member, and the aperture is tiltedly to open.Thereby make the device inner fluid can overcome self downward action of gravity and keep up mobile, reduce the back-mixing of liquid in device, thereby significantly reduce the residence time, accelerate heat transfer rate, system response heat energy is enough in time derived comfort zone, reduces the temperature rise amplitude greatly, can keep the even of the axial bed temperature of reactor, reduce the probability of second pyrolysis reaction, finally cause coking reduction in the device.Thereby can under comparatively high temps, carry out hydrocracking reaction, not only can satisfy the purpose of the maximum lighting of heavy oil, but also running life that can extension reactor.

Description of drawings

The hatch frame synoptic diagram of Fig. 1 for being provided with on the utility model tubular inner member.

A kind of distributing plate structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 2 for using among the utility model Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is the side-view of the floating bed hydrogenation reactor partly cut-away of the utility model band inner member, there is shown the mobility status of fluid in medium.

Fig. 4 is the side-view of floating bed hydrogenation reactor partly cut-away of the band inner member of the another kind of structure of the utility model, and promptly the grid distributor of tubular inner member lower end correspondence is an open design.

Embodiment

Further specify a kind of concrete structure of the utility model floating bed hydrogenation reactor below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

The utility model adopts a kind of cylindrical tube inner member that has grid distributor, and its structure as shown in Figure 3.It is made up of the column-shaped barrel that a bottom is connected with distribution plate, on it by different directions a plurality of taper inclined holes that distribute.The task that this inner member will be finished is: when gas-liquid two-phase passes through inner member, carries out the gas-liquid distribution first time through grid distributor earlier, carries out distributing the second time through cylindrical tube again, and can be with air pocket success fragmentation.Because the bore size of tapered hole is circular big, the greasy filth agglomerate and the coke that are difficult for being produced in the reaction process stop up, the gas-liquid flow of oblique ejaculation helps to stir greasy filth agglomerate and the burnt grain that is deposited on the distributing disc from taper hole, avoid the appearance of dead angle area, different orientations not only can change single axial stream, can also overcome the wall effect that fluid occurs in uphill process, reduce back-mixing, accelerate to conduct heat.The fluid that assurance moves down because of gravity or frictional force effect is subjected to upwards flowing from the impellent maintenance that makes progress of each different positions, reduces the residence time of fluid in device.Density degree by adjusting tapered hole and aperture gradient and arrangement angle are come the performance of adjustment means, better regulate and control resistance to flow, liquid circulation rate is remained near the optimum value, thereby change the flow state of reactor inner fluid.

As shown in Figure 3, inner member described in the utility model is made up of two unit member, and described member unit is by having the taper inclined hole on it, and member circular cylinder body 2 and the grid distributor 3 arranged by certain angle are welded by weld 13.Grid distributor is fixed on the inwall of reactor shell 1.Fig. 3 and Fig. 2 represent the structural representation of member circular cylinder 2 and member grid distributor 3 respectively.On each member, have the taper inclined hole 11 shown in Fig. 1 (taper inclined hole 11 enlarged views), the fluid intake end of taper inclined hole is preferably established hole enlargement flow-guiding structure 12, this tapered hole has certain perforate gradient, generally can be in the scope of 10～90 degree, its gradient can be selected according to the concrete fluid situations of experiment, when being arranged on member circular cylinder 2 and the member grid distributor 3, to arrange according to certain angle, generally in the scope of 10～45 degree, its angle equally can be selected according to the concrete fluid situations of experiment.

The general operational requirement(GOR) of suspended-bed reactor is that gas and liquid enter in the reactor in the external mix of reactor again, linearly flows when gas-liquid two-phase enters reactor, shown in arrow among Fig. 36.And the speed of gas phase is more faster than the speed of liquid phase, through member grid distributor 3 time, collision is broken, air pocket becomes small bubbles, spouting from taper inclined hole 4 and 5 because taper inclined hole 4 is different with 5 arrangement angle on grid distributor, thereby from taper inclined hole 4 and 5 spouting fluid stream to penetrate direction different, a plurality of such taper inclined holes have been formed the injection stream of all angles, have changed the original single axial stream of fluid.The interior gas-liquid fluid of reactor is tended to balance.

Fluid is by after the grid distributor, entered immediately in the cylindrical drum 2 that has taper inclined hole 8, in the process that is continuing to rise when fluid, change direction at taper inclined hole 8 place's fluids, shown in arrow among the figure 7, fluid is spouting through taper inclined hole 8, and the direction of flow that enters reactor is shown in arrow among the figure 9.When flowing through whole reactor, fluid changes direction by a plurality of taper inclined holes 8 on the cylindrical drum 2, like this, not only overcome the fluidic wall effect, balance axially and the rate of flow of fluid of wall face, the power that has kept fluid to make progress all the time, strengthen the fluidic linear velocity, made gas-liquid mixed even, improved the fluid flow state in the reactor greatly.Inner member of the present utility model can upwards be provided with one or more in reactor along axis and/or footpath according to the scale of reactor.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of floating bed hydrogenation reactor, comprise reactor shell, it is characterized in that in cylindrical shell, being provided with the tubular inner member, the end sealing of tubular inner member or establish venting hole, tubular inner member open bottom end, the tubular inner member is fixed in the reactor shell by the gas-liquid grid distributor, or is fixed in the suspended-bed reactor by other type of attachment, on the sidewall different heights position of tubular inner member opening is set.

2,, it is characterized in that described opening is circle, ellipse, Polygons or annular according to the described reactor of claim 1.

3,, it is characterized in that the cylindrical shell of described opening and tubular inner member forms certain angle upwards according to the described reactor of claim 1.

4,, it is characterized in that described angle is 10 °～90 ° according to the described reactor of claim 3.

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