CN1922470A - Penlight and touch screen data input system and method for flat panel displays - Google Patents
Penlight and touch screen data input system and method for flat panel displays Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
System, device, and method for receiving or sensing touch or light input to an emissive display such as to a OLED display using the same or different sensors as are used to sense and maintain a pixel luminance. Penlight and touch screen data input system and method for display. A sidelight illuminated display and touch panel input device. Method and device for reading display pixel emission and ambient luminance levels. Emissive display having sensing for luminance stabilization and user light or touch screen input. Method and device for emissive display using shielded or partially shielded sensors. Emissive pixel display device characterized in that photon sensors are disposed within pixels and operated to sense photons emitted by emitter within pixel and ambient photons emitted by sources outside pixel, sensed internally emitted photons being for luminance feedback control and sensed ambient photons being used to detect external light source or sources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to be used to receive or detect contact and the contactless system that is input to the emission display apparatus surface, apparatus and method, be specifically related to be used for the system that reception or senses touch input or light are input to dull and stereotyped Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display board, apparatus and method are wherein utilized and detection and the identical or different sensor of maintenance pixel intensity.
Background technology
Many display application, for example, personal data assistor (PDA), GPS (GPS) and comprise the navigational system of GPS, the airport enters the inspection terminal, the public computer information station, and various other system and device comprise the touch-screen that adds on the message panel, therefore, the user can see the icon or the figure of data item or action effectively, and by push finger or stylus to that icon to choose data item or action.
Common unit provides usually and is placed on touch control board independent on the display surface, therefore, even the user can believe that he or she is just at touch display screen, in fact, he or she is providing and is being input to independent device, this device be connected to display board or be inserted in the user and display equipment between.
So, these devices must not only comprise two panels that touch input and information demonstration, also must provide electronic circuit separately and interface to this device, and independent driver are provided in some cases touch pad and display board, operating system, and/or application software.Usually this also may increase assembling and maintenance cost.All these additional elements increase the cost of this device, and under the low situation of dog-eat-dog and rate of profit, these additional costs are unwelcome.In some devices, add touch-screen and can double than the cost of independent display board to the cost on the display board, if being original manufacturing, it adds afterwards.
So, we need the single low-cost display equipment of a kind of integrated form, it not only can show or export two-dimensional symensional symbol and the graphical information that this device produces, but also comprise sensor array, this sensor array can be from user's receiving position for information about, and transmit this positional information to this device.
We also need a kind of like this sensor array, and it can be integrated with display during display is made, and therefore, making and distributing the input pickup array is rational cost as the fringe cost of touch-screen.
Under some environment, we also need to provide a kind of so contactless input, for example, the form of light pen input, therefore, can reduce because wearing and tearing or other losses and the damage that frequent touch pressure causes to the input media, thereby prolong the life-span of this device under abominable service environment.We also need to provide a kind of like this contact input, and it disobeys outer next light source, for example, and surround lighting or light pen.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides and a kind ofly be used for receiving or detect contact and contactless input (for example, the light pen input) system to the emission display apparatus surface, display equipment, pixel and sensor construction, and method; More particularly, the invention provides and a kind ofly be used to receive or senses touch input or light are input to system on the flat-panel monitor, device, and method, for example, flat board Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display or other emission display boards wherein utilize and detection and the identical or different sensor of maintenance pixel intensity.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of system and method that is used for the light pen input and the touch screen data input of flat-panel monitor, on the other hand, the invention provides a kind of sidelight irradiation flat-panel monitor and touch pad input device, on the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method and apparatus that is used for emission of read-out display pixel and ambient light level, on the other hand, the invention provides a kind of emission display device that sensed luminance stability and input of user's light or touch-screen input are arranged, on the other hand, invention provides a kind of method and apparatus that is used for dull and stereotyped emission display, wherein utilizes shielding or partly shielding effect sensor to detect the input of user's screen.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of emission pixel display device that the type of a plurality of pixels is arranged, wherein each pixel has light-emitting device and produces the driving circuit of drive signal with the driving display pixel, the feature of this emission pixel display device is, at least one photon sensor is arranged in the display equipment pixel, its work is the photon that detects this pixel internal launcher emission, environment photon with light emitted outside the display equipment, the internal emission photon that detects is used for the display brightness FEEDBACK CONTROL, and the environment photon that detects is used to detect external light source or shade is input to display.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method that integrated luminosity and input pickup are arranged, display, dot structure and emission pixel arrangement, wherein this pixel arrangement comprises: light-emitting device; The pixel emitter driver circuitry is used to produce drive current with the predetermined luminance of driven for emitting lights device to correspondence image voltage, and applies drive current to light-emitting device in frame time; At least one optical sensor, be used to show that change in electrical characteristics is with the contiguous incident photon variations of flux of response light-emitting device: (i) when light-emitting device be during at emission state, be used to intercept measurable photon flux, (ii) when light-emitting device be not during at emission state, but be used to detect the measurement of photon flux of light source outside this pixel; And voltage, electric current, with at least one sensing circuit in the electric charge sensing circuit, be used for measuring: (i) light sensor arrangement during non-luminance in first voltage of first's non-launch time of section end generation, first electric current, or first electric charge and first voltage that wherein records, first electric current, or first electric charge is in the first's measurement brightness of light emitted indication outside this pixel in the time period; (ii) light sensor arrangement during luminance in second voltage that produces of second portion section launch time end, second electric current, or second electric charge and second voltage that wherein records, second electric current, or second electric charge is in second portion measurement brightness indication from this pixel emission in the time period.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method that is used to operate the emission pixel arrangement of integrated luminosity and input pickup, this method comprises: produce drive current with the predetermined luminance of driven for emitting lights device to correspondence image voltage, and apply drive current to light-emitting device in frame time; At least be coupled a charge storage devices and sensor are used to the voltage that accumulates or discharge electric charge and show capacitance charge and be directly proportional with this electric charge; At very first time section and the photon launched in second time period, this transducer flex change in electrical characteristics is with the variation of response incident photon flux to light-emitting device for exposed light transducer; Accumulation (charging) or leak (discharge) arrive or from this at least one charge storage devices of sensors coupled, this sensor comprises one in very first time section with the second time period inner control electric charge accumulates or the element of rate of release; The first and second time period Mos in part are measured voltage or the electric current that has charge generation on the charge storage devices, the voltage measured or electric current are to be the indication of inciding intrinsic brilliance on the element sensor in second time period of part from external light source from the indication of this pixel emission intrinsic brilliance and the voltage of measuring in the second round of part or electric current in the very first time section of part in the period 1 of part; Relatively from the reference target pixel intensity of the intrinsic brilliance of relevant measuring voltage of pixel or current emission and pixel transmitter image voltage and pixel transmitter drive current to produce a difference; Use this difference and be input to correcting circuit as feedback, this correcting circuit changes the image voltage and the drive current of same pixel in frame time subsequently; With the intrinsic brilliance of at least one other pixel in the intrinsic brilliance and the display that relatively in second time period of part, incide on the element sensor to touch the position that input or light pen are imported on the identification display.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of be used for detecting be input to more than first the separately apparatus and method of position, addressable picture unit (picture element) (pixel), these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this method comprises: more than first at least some location of pixels vicinities of separating the addressable pixel position provide the photon detection element in two-dimensional array; Detect the photon that incides on each detecting element in time period in preset detection; Produce the detection signal of each photon detection element of corresponding detected light subnumber or energy; With analyze detected signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method that is used to operate the emission pixel arrangement of integrated luminosity and input pickup, this method comprises: produce drive current and arrive the predetermined luminance of correspondence image voltage with the middle light-emitting device that drives each pixel, and apply drive current to light-emitting device in frame time; An optical sensor is provided at least, this transducer flex change in electrical characteristics is to respond the contiguous incident photon variations of flux of light-emitting device in each pixel: (i) when light-emitting device be during at emission state, be used to intercept measurable photon flux, (ii) when light-emitting device be not during at emission state, but be used to detect the measurement of photon flux of light source outside this pixel; At least read-out voltage, electric current, with a measurement result in the charge measurements, this result representative: (i) light sensor arrangement during non-luminance in first voltage of first's non-launch time of section end generation, first electric current, or first electric charge and first voltage that wherein records, first electric current, or first electric charge is in the first's measurement brightness of light emitted indication outside this pixel in the time period; (ii) light sensor arrangement during luminance in second voltage that produces of second portion section launch time end, second electric current, or second electric charge and second voltage that wherein records, second electric current, or second electric charge is in second portion measurement brightness indication from this pixel emission in the time period.
On the other hand, the invention provides and a kind ofly be used for detecting more than first the separately device of the input of the display equipment of addressable picture unit (pixel) arranged, these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this device comprises: with more than first adjacent photon detection element of at least some location of pixels that separates the addressable pixel position in the two-dimensional array; At least one testing circuit, this testing circuit detects the photon that incides on each detecting element in preset detection in the time period; At least one metering circuit, this metering circuit produces the detection signal of each photon detection element, the number or the energy of the corresponding detected photon of this detection signal; And comparator circuit, be used for comparison and analyze detected signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
On the other hand, the invention provides and a kind ofly be used for detecting more than first the separately apparatus and method of the input of the display equipment of addressable picture unit (pixel) are arranged, these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this device comprises: with more than first adjacent photon detection element of at least some location of pixels that separates the addressable pixel position in the two-dimensional array; At least one testing circuit, this testing circuit detects the photon that incides on each detecting element in preset detection in the time period; At least one metering circuit, this metering circuit produces the detection signal of each photon detection element, the number or the energy of the corresponding detected photon of this detection signal; And comparator circuit, be used for comparison and analyzing and testing signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of emission pixel display device, comprising: be arranged in a plurality of light-emitting devices of two-dimensional array as display screen; The pixel emitter driver circuitry is used to drive a plurality of light-emitting devices to predetermined luminance; At least one optical sensor relevant with each light-emitting device, this transducer flex change in electrical characteristics is with the variation of response incident photon: (i) when light-emitting device be during at emission state, be used to intercept photon, (ii) when light-emitting device be not during at emission state, be used to detect the photon of light source outside this pixel; Voltage, at least one sensing circuit in electric current and the electric charge sensing circuit is used for measuring: (i) with the first relevant electrical quantity of non-optical sensor launch time, it is as the brightness indication of light emitted outside this pixel and the display; (ii) with the second relevant electrical quantity of optical sensor launch time, it is as indicating from the brightness of this pixel emission in pixel and the display.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of display equipment or control panel, it comprises dot structure and the device of each embodiment, sensor construction and device, and with circuit, method of operating and the process of above relevant description.For example, the invention provides a kind of flat display devices, be used for calculating amusement, TV, personal data assistor, automotive displays device, graphic presentation apparatus, household electrical appliance, and/or any other information or display equipment.
Other aspects of the present invention are described in this manual, feature and advantage, and in accompanying drawing or claims, give to describe in detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment that the OLED pel array is aimed at photosensor array on the glass substrate on the glass substrate.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment that dotted line passive drive OLED that represents and the passive sensor array that solid line is represented are aimed at OLED array top layer.
Fig. 3 is the sensor array embodiment that laser light pen indicator is arranged, and is used for activating a sensor of this array.
Fig. 4 be exposure under surround lighting but formed the sensor array embodiment of shade by the close object of light, the close object of light can be finger or stylus.
Fig. 5 is the sensor array embodiment that red-light LED or laser light pen are arranged, and wherein light pen is by expose sensor in this array of red wave filter.
Fig. 6 is the sensor array embodiment that utilizes glass plate, and the red-light LED of introducing ruddiness is arranged on an edge of glass plate, wherein stylus scattering ruddiness by red wave filter to activate a sensor in this array.
Fig. 7 is the sensor array embodiment that adopts the additional sensor that the sensor that extends along whole row length and a group and this biographies sensor be orthogonal downwards, these biographies sensors are to extend along whole line width, and wherein the ruddiness pen activates row and a delegation, thereby can determine the position of this light pen.
Fig. 8 is the embodiment of top layer emission OLED dot structure.
Fig. 9 is the embodiment of bottom emission OLED dot structure.
Figure 10 is the embodiment of bottom emission OLED dot structure, and the aperture in the dark shielding of wherein being in the light is used to stop background environment light.
Figure 11 is two sensor pixel embodiment of circuit, and this circuit is showed sensor, photon flux integrator and be used to read the charge amplifier circuit of this sensor.
Figure 12 is the embodiment of top layer emission OLED dot structure, wherein utilizes the OLED material as reversed biased diodes photodetector or sensor, is used for the emission light and the surround lighting of touch sensor.
Figure 13 is the embodiment of image element circuit, specifies the synoptic diagram of reverse bias oled light diode.
Figure 14 is the OLED device synoptic diagram that comprises offset features.
Figure 15 is the sensor pixel circuit embodiments that dark dhield grid of biasing and dark shielding offset line are arranged, and shows sensor, photon flux integrator and be used for the charge amplifier circuit of pickup.
Embodiment
The US Patent Application Serial No.10/872 of application on June 17th, 2004,268, its title is " Controlled Passive Display, Apparatus andMethod for Controlling and Making a Passive Display "; The US Patent Application Serial No.10/841 of application on May 6th, 2004,198, its title is " Method and Apparatus for Controlling A Light Source "; The US Patent Application Serial No.10/515 of application on November 19th, 2004,575, its title is " Passive Matrix Emission Stabilized Flat Panel Display "; US Patent Application Serial No.10/872 with application on June 17th, 2004,344, its title is " Method and Apparatus for Controlling an Active Matrix Display ", these patents are described the various features of flat display board technology and are specifically described Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display technology.Each application in these patented claims is incorporated in that this is for reference.
In the structure of these descriptions, comprise the structure that is used to construct photosensor array in method and the feature, this sensor array is that the pel array with the OLED display mates one by one.An optical detection device is arranged in each OLED pixel.Because the feedback stability display has built-in sensor array, just might utilize photosensor array input data other circuit to computing machine or other devices or control and driving OLED display.Therefore, photosensor array not only can be stablized this display, but also can be used as light input or touch-screen.
Several different schemes of utilizing photosensor array as input media can be arranged.In one embodiment, in order to utilize photosensor array as touch-screen, stylus, or light pen input media, this sensor array has been used for stablizing brightness and/or the emission of other pixel or the transport property of OLED display, which sensor that the capable addressing time period of part is used for scan light sensor and this array of detection is exposed in the light of input media, for example, and LED base light pen unit or light scattering touch pad.Perhaps, because surround lighting can incide on the optical sensor usually, in fact always occur the background voltage on the pixel feedback circuit under most working environment, this is the surround lighting that is detected by sensor or testing circuit.If shade incides one or one group of sensor array and lists, then, can detect this shade being exclusively used in this sensor array of part row addressing time interscan that detects input data and/or environmental data.
Many typical displays utilize the refresh rate of 30 frame/seconds to 60 frame/seconds (fps).The refresh rate of 60fps means that the frame addressing time is 16.67ms (1/60 second).If display has 100 row, the then capable addressing time is 16.67 ÷ 100 or 167 microseconds.In the beginning of every line scanning, the pixel in this row is disconnected; So, in photosensor array on this row only from the surround lighting under the display working environment (for example, room lighting), or from optical input device (for example, the light of emission light pen or from the light of scatter plate scattering).For example, if 20% or 1/5 capable write time (167 ÷ 5=33.4) is used for the voltage of scanning sensor feedback circuit, then about 33 microsecond time slots or cycle (or part of this time) can be specifically designed to detects the exterior light input.This is used for row with regard to the time that stays about 134 microseconds and writes.Be used to detect that the circuit of voltage is integrated into drive integrated circult (IC) electronic installation and logical circuit on the feedback circuit, they can driving display and management be used for display brightness control and stable feedback circuit.The details of this type circuit is well-known the individual of electronic engineering field and and training educated at electronic applications, no longer describes in detail herein.
The input optical information is a lot of to structure and method on a plurality of sensor display screens are arranged.The a series of examples that below provide are as just for example rather than restrictive, and we should be appreciated that by means of the description that provides herein, can realize many other structure and methods.
In first exemplary embodiments, we utilize the input media of common ink water-color paintbrush or stylus shape, and replace other marker material of ink or some, and this pen comprises the light emitting diode (LED) that can launch light or photon stream.The example of this LED is the LED of visible emitting or infrared wavelength, for example, and red-light LED or infrared light LED.Can also utilize other white, monochrome, polychrome, or color LED, and/or LED can launch the light of various wavelength, that is, multi-colored led.Yet monochromatic LED may be preferred, is not the light input of other surround lightings of that wavelength with inhibition because it allows best of breed.Other embodiment can utilize the incandescence light source.Optical fiber and/or lens combination can be used for transmitting light from light source in the light pen or outside the light pen to the light pen tip.Optical lens system in light pen and/or in the light pen tip can focus light onto on the photosensor array and fix a point really.Perhaps, optical system can produce the light beam of basic collimation, and this light beam is the tip ejaculation from light pen.Advantageously, light pen can be designed to carry on the front glass panel surface of display, and this display comprises sensor array on the inside surface of glass plate or other transparent areas.Because light pen carries and focuses on the inside surface on the outer surface and advantageously, can form as far as possible little hot spot, in one embodiment, the focal length of light pen base lens combination can be the distance from the lens combination to the sensor array basically, or is about the thickness of glass plate.
At transmitted image and assigned address produces hot spot in the space various optical technologies is well-known, and therefore, optical system needs not to be the unzoned lens that is positioned at the light pen tip.So, should be appreciated that known any optical system or technology can be used for producing desirable hot spot, focused beam, collimated light beam, or other photon concentration, it can with one or small number of sensors is connected and by this sensor.Because the distance from the light pen tip to sensor array is maintained fixed, lens combination also can be maintained fixed, and it does not need to comprise the expensive design adjusted.
Preferably, on each element of sensor array, form and secretly shield to stop or attenuate light, with be used to stop or block all or most surround lighting that therefore, the detecting operation that is used for detecting the brightness of each pixel emission of display or photon stream can not be subjected to the interference of environment light condition.Dark shielding is the opaque structure that is inserted between sensor and surround lighting or outer light source and the sensor, but does not stop the light of pixel transmitter emission.Dark shielding is normally made by the metal of deposition, or is preferably made by opaque pigment; For example, the polyimide material known of professional.Dark shielding also can be made by filter material, and it can stop most of surround lighting, and the narrow wavestrip light in can only transmission spectrum, for example, the ruddiness of 710nm wavelength.
So, the dark shielding that is used in combination with the light input system is not definitely opaque, in fact, and its preferably a kind of filter material, the most surround lighting that can stop or decay, but transmission is by mating or allow the light of LED specific wavelength in the basic transmission light pen.For example, if LED is near the red-light LED of the emission 710nm, the 710nm notch filter that then dark shielding preferably can processing and manufacturing or be similar to this notch filter.LED can have any color, and matched filter can be the wave filter of any wavelength, as long as its mates or mate substantially the LED wavelength in the light pen.Certainly, the wavelength coverage of the wavelength coverage of wave filter transmission and LED emission must have the wavelength coverage of some overlapped spectras at least.The resolution of light pen input system can have and the same high pixel resolution of display.This means that input system can be used for writing down block letter or handwritten form exactly, or import other figure or symbol data or information, for example, fingerprint.
In second embodiment, people's finger can be used for blocking surround lighting and incides sensor array and list.This is coarse relatively input system, but enough accurately activates the icon on the display.In addition, surround lighting needs enough intensity on the display, thereby can detect with respect to the shade that does not block sensor.
In the 3rd embodiment, utilize the total internal reflection phenomenon in the flat board.As everyone knows, when light enters into the plate edge of being made by any transparent material of various optical density (refractive index), as long as choose dull and stereotyped optical density and the material that contacts with this flat board suitably, light can be transferred to opposite side from a side of flat board, and does not have from the light of this flat board end face and bottom surface ejaculation.The total internal reflection phenomenon can appear in the simple glass that is centered on by the higher optical density transparent material.Therefore, glass plate or methyl methacrylate plastics can paste OLED display and sensor array surface.Red-light LED can direct light enter a dull and stereotyped side, and does not incide any LED light that sensor array lists, because light is propagation in dull and stereotyped fully under the disturbance not having.Yet if object contacts with flat board, the variation of optical interface is enough to make light to penetrate from this flat board at the point that contacts with flat board between two kinds of materials, and shines the object that contacts with this flat board.If this object is to make or apply reflecting material (for example, white material, or be the color of high reflection to the optical wavelength in the flat board) by reflecting material, then light just is dispersed into the sensor in the contiguous array that contacts with scatter plate.With respect to the high resolving power of light pen, still, if use narrow tip stylus, then its resolution is not higher than the thick relatively finger tip resolution of utilization in such light input.Finger also can be used for the light of scattering side input.The advantage of this input system is, can utilize the blunt body as stylus, maybe can utilize finger, and the condition of surround lighting is not important, because it is to utilize the shade technology.
In the 4th embodiment, image can be imported rather than a position on display screen only.For example, the image of fingerprint can be input to photosensor array and be hunted down, and this is (for example, to utilize ink or pick up moisture or greasy dirt on the finger) to the display glass surface by placing this image, and the light that blocks any outer light source is by this image.Should be appreciated that if use collimated light, then can improve resolution as outer light source.Be different under the situation of this direct input, can implementing a kind of like this system, wherein the thin material such as cellophane can paste display surface, is distribution rollers in a side, and is machine reel at opposite side.Between cellophane and display glass plate the optical media of coupling scatter plate optical density, for example, glycerine.Cellophane is placed on the glycerin layer or inside, its contact scatter plate and cellophane.This makes cellophane have to comprise the light of roof.When finger is pressed onto on the cellophane, just scattering from the protrusion that limits fingerprint of light, and be recorded in the sensor array.Can adopt other apparatus and method, it produces on display surface can be a light district of image format, or produces a plurality of light district.
Give additional embodiment in this instructions and accompanying drawing and claims, therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiment that provides.In addition, should be understood that, can utilize or make up the various features of structure of the present invention and method dividually, and some embodiment that we describe has the optional feature that improves performance or applicability, but these features are optional in view of above description.
The embodiment of several sensors array is discussed now.Fig. 1 represents the display board substrate embodiment that aims at sensor board 1, for example, and OLED display substrate 100.Sensor element 2 is arranged on sensor board 1.Deposition OLED pixel 7 arrays on OLED display substrate 100.The sensor array 20 that light (photon) sensor 2 that forms or deposit is arranged on sensor board 1.(sensor board 1 also can form integral body with display substrate, therefore the sensor board that does not need reality to separate.) should be understood that optical sensor can be a photoresistor, optical diode, optotransistor, but or stand any other device of change detected, can detect or measure this variation with response light intensity, the variation of brightness, or the variation of photon flux.Working laser material can be selected from various materials, and it includes but not limited to, silicon, amorphous silicon, any or its combination in cadmium selenide and the polysilicon.For fear of making sensor and other features of the present invention in this array thicken unclear, we do not draw and detect directly relevant any circuit component, for example, any isolated thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) or other device and circuit, they can prevent the cross-talk of sensor and the cross-talk between the sensor.This structure of drawing in the patent of co-applications, this is well-known for this area ordinary skill.
The present invention describes a kind of like this sensor array, and it not only can control the brightness uniformity of OLED or other displays, but also can be used as input media, and its work is similar to computing machine touch-screen or light pen input media a bit.For example, do not need to change the sensing system on the glass substrate, this sensor array can be used as touch-screen.In other words, for the active matrix that the emission feedback assembly is arranged, the touch-screen detection system can be emission feedback transducer system simultaneously, and vice versa.
So, on the one hand, the invention provides and a kind ofly be used for detecting more than first the separately method of the input of the display equipment of position, addressable picture unit (pixel) arranged, these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array.In one embodiment, this method comprises: more than first at least some location of pixels vicinities of separating the addressable pixel position provide the photon detection element in two-dimensional array; Detect the photon that incides on each detecting element in time period in preset detection; Produce the detection signal of each photon detection element of corresponding detected light subnumber or energy; With analyze this detection signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
In another embodiment, this method can provide a plurality of detecting elements that the corresponding OLED pixel of aiming at it is arranged.The photon detection element can be contiguous at more than first each location of pixels that separates the addressable pixel position.The detecting element contiguous with each location of pixels can comprise: the detecting element in each dot structure of location of pixels.More than first separately capable and each M of each N in the addressable pixel position shows a photon detection element, and wherein N and M can be any positive integers of independently choosing, this positive integer be 1 with N is capable and M be listed as between the number of pixels of maximum.Detecting element can be separately or other elements combination constitute photon flux integrators.
In one embodiment, though on each location of pixels detecting element is arranged, detecting element also needn't be on each pixel, but different positions can be arranged.Each row in this device can have different pixel separation or identical pixel separation is arranged with each row.For example, can provide such embodiment, detecting element is every the the 2nd, the 3, the 4th, the the 5th, the 6, the the 7th, the 8, the 9th, on the the 10th, the 20, the 50th position, or in each row of display and each row any other interval numerical value between this numerical value and the bigger numerical.Perhaps, detecting element can have according to sensor predetermined or that dynamically determine at interval, pixel color, or other rule or irregular figures.
Display can be a black and white, monochrome, or the color monitor of a plurality of different colours pixels is arranged.A plurality of different colours pixels comprise: red, green and blue pixel, or the set of any other colour provide the ability that produces any color combination particularly for the display observer.The pixel that detecting element can offer only predetermined concrete transmitter color (for example, red, green and blue transmitter) maybe can offer all transmitter color pixel.
The pixel detection element can not retrofited, or has been retrofit into the shielding of being in the light (dark shielding).For example, remodeling can be to form aperture, aperture, or less opaque (more transparent) district, and therefore, some light can enter pixel and incide on the sensor.This aperture or other remodeling are specially adapted to make the ambient light signal to arrive sensor and by sensor, for example, the light ratio surround lighting of light pen is brighter, or since opaque or only the shade that produces of partially transparent or translucent object make the light ratio surround lighting of light pen darker.
Embodiments of the invention can also make the dark shielding of being in the light of some pixels not have aperture and other some pixels that aperture is arranged, aperture, or other change, for make outside this pixel and display equipment outside light enter.For example, separate addressable pixel and can comprise light shield, it is decayed at least and incides on the display at least some or all pixels part photon from surround lighting from external light source.Light shield can comprise: opaque substantially metal level or non-metallic layer.Light shield can comprise: the filter material of frequency spectrum neutrality or spectral selectivity, therefore, indoor or the surround lighting of wide range (for example, white light) be fully or basically to be blocked or to decay, and arrive sensor or detecting element by dark shielding from narrow frequency spectrum light (for example, the 710nm laser) transmission of optical input device.In one embodiment, different opaque mask and/or wave filters can be used for different pixels.
Light shield can comprise remodeling on the photon detection element or near it in each photon detection element, therefore, the decay of surround lighting is less than the decay of light shield peripheral part.Remodeling can be an aperture in the light shield on each location of pixels, and it allows to incide the photon detection element from the photon of external light source.Remodeling can be such aperture, and its area is less than the area of photon detection element.Remodeling can be such aperture, and it comprises aperture in light shield.Can there be different sizes in aperture or aperture, thereby are detecting or having suitable light quantity (photon number) to arrive sensor in integral time, therefore, can detect light input or shade input.
Fig. 2 represents to utilize the functional schematic embodiment of the sensor array 20 of sensor 2 as light pen 60 input pickup devices and system.We only describe and show device and the circuit component that participates in optical detection device and system works, and it is unclear to avoid that the present invention is thickened not describe the common unit and the circuit component of conventional character.And typical array matrix display light generation and pixel-driving circuit and method are to describe in the United States Patent (USP) of above-mentioned co-applications, are incorporated in that this is for reference, or conventional circuit and method are known.
So apparent, the embodiment of sensor array 20 can be used for detecting the additional optical outside light pen or other light-emitting devices projection surround lighting, or detect the surround lighting that the shade with respect to object reduces, for example, tip stylus or other indicating equipments.So element sensor can be used as the input media of light or dark excitation.In one embodiment, the photon detection element is suitable for detecting photon wavelength (energy) or the brightness amplitude that stylus carries outer photon emitters emission, such as light pen.In another embodiment, the photon detection element is suitable for detecting the brightness amplitude that photon emitters receives outside stylus carries, the environmental background luminance brightness amplitude that this brightness amplitude does not have the illumination photons detecting element to be received greater than outer photon emitters.In another embodiment, the photon detection element is suitable for detecting the brightness amplitude that photon emitters receives outside stylus carries, the environmental background luminance brightness amplitude that this brightness amplitude does not have the illumination photons detecting element to be received less than outer photon emitters.Stylus carries outer photon emitters and can comprise: for example, and light pen.Outer photon emitters can comprise: light emitting diode (LED), and the incandescence photon emitters, for example, bulb, or any other light-emitting device.
Under normal display mode of operation, for example, send under the mode of operation of display in view data or pixel data, the TFT 40 in every row is line scannings.So, first display array is capable (for example connecting, first row) time, isolation TFT 40 in first row connects by connecting voltage, for example, be added to TFT 40 grid 41+10 volts (or other voltages), meanwhile, be added to the first terminal 44 of optical sensor 2, it is the photoresistor of the two- terminal 44,45 of connecting with TFT 40 in an illustrated embodiment.In an illustrated embodiment, the grid 41 of isolating TFT 40 is connected to sensor 2, and therefore, optical sensor is to be connected between the grid 41 of the drain electrode 43 of isolating TFT40 and isolation TFT40.
When the OLED pixel intensity in first row (and any other row when appropriate) increases, the resistance of sensor 2 just reduces (or electricity is led increase), thus make detection voltage 30 on each voltage divider increase to by select that driving circuit 16 provides+10 volts voltages (or other connection voltages).In this embodiment, this detection voltage 30 is used for determining whether these pixels have reached correct brightness.Action described above is referred to as addressing first display line or first row.In case be addressed to first row, scan operation just moves to second row, and the rest may be inferred, and all row (or any row set that is identified) of image are energized in first frame.
Addressing to each row distributes a time period.The addressing time is normally determined divided by the inverse of line number in the display by number of pictures per second.So in the QVGA display that 240 row and per second 60 frame rate are arranged, the row addressing time is about 70 microseconds.System of the present invention, apparatus and method can be used in combination with various type of displays and size, and therefore, the addressing time of 70 microseconds only is the typical addressing time.
Advantageously, in order to utilize sensor array 20 as light pen 60 input medias, the addressing time that can reserve part is as the time period of light pen input.For example, at the device that the typical 70 microsecond addressing times are arranged, in system and the method, preceding 10 microseconds of row addressing time can be used for the light pen input.In this time (or part this time), turn-off all pixels in the row that is addressed, therefore, do not incide sensor 2 row that is addressed from the light of OLED display or the emission of other type of display pixels.(should be understood that the OLED display only is an example of type of display, this type of display can be used for the present invention.) the absolute time section of all pixels in time of cutoff or this row of addressing, therefore, determining does not have emission only based on such factor from OLED, for example, the RC time constant, it is that gate line starts T1 and all grid total capacitances of T3 that row resistance (for example, seeing Figure 13) multiply by all pixels in the delegation.Another factor is the RC time constant, and it is the electric capacity that data line resistance multiply by C1.The typical RC constant that grid starts row is between 1 microsecond to 10 microsecond.Similarly the RC constant can be used for data line.These two RC constants needn't be added together, because each row can activate simultaneously, thereby allows data to be transferred in several microseconds.The computing of RC constant and how they to be applied to driving display be that the flat-panel monitor deviser knows.
For example, this time period should long enough, and when considering light quantity (brightness or photon flux), detected signal demand is enough big, but it can not make sensor 2 saturated.Advantageously, keeping the enough addressing time is used for display image, the brightness of display is maintained on the acceptable level, but in general, the fraction that row only is chosen for pixel in the frame length turn-on time addressing time (for example, the inverse of line number), the time quantum of keeping for the image line addressing is often irrelevant with pixel or brightness level of display.(for example, 100 row displays roughly have 1% capable addressing time.)
So the time of distributing to touch detection and image addressing is often depended on the required time of detecting operation and shifts the time of view data to pixel.For example, 10 microseconds are used to shift view data and 10 microseconds are used for the survey sensor data.By the data of imaging before wiping from pixel, we at first make pixel become dark.In one embodiment, this amount (null value) that shifts view data on pixel and its is turn-offed need to consume 10 microseconds, then, another 10 microsecond that our pickup needs, then the sensor time total amount of reading part and needing is 20 microseconds.The remaining addressing time is used to shift view data, and in this case, our hypothesis only is 10 microseconds.This 10 microsecond time only is the typical time.
At this moment, any on the sensor 2 in this row only from the light or the photon of light pen or other light-emitting devices or 60 emissions of photo emissions device.Data reader 71 is read on the voltage grading resistor 25 voltage that generates and detected read-out voltage data storage in data buffer 70, and data buffer 70 can be the data buffer of any routine in the prior art.Then, utilize software or other devices be positioned in treating apparatus or the calculation element (or the processor that separates, computing machine, or other logical circuits) 72, inquiry is read, and/or the data in the analysis data buffer 70.System of the present invention, device and method can comprise processing or calculation element, maybe can be coupled or communicate by letter with outside calculating or processing environment.Do not have herein to show or describe in detail and handle or the details of calculation element that because this processing calculates, or other hardware and/or software and logical circuit are well known in the art.
In case data are read by data reader 71, utilize any type of switch or exchange logic, data reader 71 can disconnect this circuit, and system recovery arrives normal display mode, remaining 60 microseconds are used for balance in the addressing time.In one embodiment, the refresh rate of display is per second 60 times.This refresh rate is higher than the required speed of light pen input far away, wherein light beam input or the motion from light pen or other light sources is what to be finished by people's movement rate, it is normally at the about 0.01 second order of magnitude between several seconds, but more typical is from about 0.1 second to about 1.0 seconds, or is equivalent to the duplicate measurements of about 6 frames to about 60 frames.Though note that the user movement light pen speed in addition can be faster than 0.1 second, common user just stops the motion of light pen 60 when the input position of attempting to discern on the display screen.Can have than the long or short time period, therefore, the present invention is not limited to concrete scope, and for example, if desired, input system can be followed the tracks of continuous motion, can increase light input detection frequency as requested and catch to realize required continuous motion.
This means, when utilizing light pen, can repeatedly upgrade the data that data reader 71 is read; So, the data of detection can be randomly but advantageously in time (or read circulation in a plurality of) upper integral, thereby provide more clear or muting relatively reading.If need higher read-out speed, for example, when catching continuous motion or path, can randomly use any beat of smoothing algorithm to reduce to produce because of noise in the curve.Shall also be noted that the information of collecting in the time in light pen input (or shade input) is digital form or 1 value is arranged or the input of the scale-of-two of 0 value, it has not required gray tone.Other embodiment of the present invention can provide the scope or the gray tone of input, therefore, and can input pressure, or other data of position and some.
Be appreciated that any one scheme in the various different schemes that can adopt pickup within the scope of the invention.These schemes can comprise: pickup in the capable addressing of the display time, pickup in the frame time that is exclusively used in the sensor input, the dedicated frame of when touch-screen, choosing pickup in the time, pickup in vertical flyback period, and/or in horizontal flyback time pickup.
In one embodiment, at display frame row pickup in the addressing time.For example, the two dimensional display array can be arranged in the frame of multirow and multiple row, every row has the capable write addressing time of the one-row pixels of writing, with write writing frame time and in the every capable write addressing time of part, reading detecting element in every row of all pixels in the display that comprises multirow and multiple row.Read operation can be finished in all or part of capable write addressing time.As an example rather than restrictive example, the part the every capable write addressing time can be the row addressing time 0.001 and 0.5 between any one mark, the row addressing time 0.01 and 0.2 between any one mark, the row addressing time 0.01 and 0.1 between any one mark, or the capable addressing time 0.1 and 0.5 between any one mark.
In another embodiment, pickup in the frame time that is exclusively used in the sensor input.For example, two-dimensional array can be arranged in the frame of multirow and multiple row; Every row has the capable write addressing time of the one-row pixels of writing and writes the frame time of writing of all pixels in the display that comprises multirow and multiple row; Every row has the row of reading delegation's detecting element to read the addressing time, and row is read the addressing time and occurred in the sensor that separates with the pixel transmitter write time and read in the frame time; With all row detecting elements be in a plurality of row are read the addressing time, to be read out, with write that frame time is nonoverlapping to be read in the frame time, read frame time and be exclusively used in and read a plurality of detecting elements.
In another embodiment, under the situation of touch display screen or light pen irradiation display screen, at the dedicated frame of choosing pickup in the time.For example, in reading frame time, sensor special can read a plurality of detecting elements.Can make this sensor special read the generation of frame period property, or only after display screen receives predetermined input, take place.For example, predetermined input can be or comprise actual contact with display screen surface.Actual contact can comprise: the actual touch of finger or instrument or stylus shaped objects.Actual contact comprises: utilize instrument, finger, or the actual touch of stylus.
Perhaps, predetermined input can be or comprise: the predetermined amplitude of photon flux or brightness changes on the part display screen surface, and predetermined input comprises: in the contiguous contactless variation of parameter of display screen surface.Contactless variation is selected from following one group variation, and it comprises: local temperature changes, and electric capacity or concentration of electric charges change, magnetic flux change, any combination of two or more variations during photon flux that the part is higher or lower or brightness variation and these change.
In another embodiment, at two pickups in the vertical flyback period between the display frame in succession.Note that vertical flyback period is two times between the successive frames, and the time that horizontal flyback time is two sequential lines between writing.Though directly be not applied to flat-panel monitor, for example, OLED display, the vertical flyback period in the common CRT monitor are that electron beam moves to the CRT pipe required time of top from CRT pipe bottom.
In vertical flyback period, among the embodiment of pickup, preferably provide separately or additional sensor line.The circuit that is suitable for reading in the display vertical flyback period is the photon flux integrator circuit identical with above description, but some variations are arranged.Replacement is connected to the TFT T3 that is connected T1 gate line same line (L2) (sensor TFT), has another to be exclusively used in the separately gate line of TFT T3.Utilize this structure, finish the normal detection feedback that is used to launch brilliance control in the addressing time of being expert at, then, after writing all row, read all sensors once more and begin any touch input before or light/shade input to detect next frame.Be typically, vertical flyback period can be 10% to 50% of total frame time, but also can be longer or short.So, in one embodiment, utilize with reading the sensor line that pixel emission brightness separates and read detecting element, and the touch sensor circuit by separating with transistor gate control can be controlled reading of sensor.
In another embodiment, pickup in horizontal flyback time.In detecting, horizontal flyback time can advantageously adopt sensor and operation circuit separately.(for example, see Figure 11) in one embodiment, the gate line of T4 is connected to horizontal alignment L5, and wherein circuit L5 is the extension wire that is exclusively used in operation T4 grid when sensor is read.
System shown in Figure 2 and device embodiment represent to utilize any light pen or light source 60, wherein do not have to filter the light from light pen.Under this mode of operation, sensor array 20 exposure is at the surround lighting 63 and the light pen 62 times of higher brightness usually, or exposure is at the display dash area than low-light level, and this is because object is placed near display screen surface or its.
As a comparison, embodiment shown in Figure 3 represents identical sensor array array structure, but utilizes on close object 64 cast shadows of light or deamplification 61 sensor 2 in the sensor array 20, and it does not need independent light source, for example, the light pen 60 of ballistic phonon bundle in output beam 62.The process of this generation shade is identical with the input of above-mentioned light pen type basically, and is poor but sensor 2 top shadows 61 of sensor array 20 and the relative brightness between the surround lighting 63 are depended in the success of this generation shade embodiment.Preferably, the close object of light should slightly pointed choice refreshments, or allows in the zonule of shade localization on display.In one embodiment, close object of light or opaque section only be at tip and carry the stylus of tip or the remainder of handle reduces to minimum, or formed by light transparent materials, or formed by the structure of not throwing strong shadow.Can randomly utilize end points or the tip of algorithm to detect known stylus, therefore, even shade from stylus or handle projection, can easily be identified in the expection input at tip place.
So we should be appreciated that except the apparatus and method that detect light pen or other light-emitting devices or the brightness of photo emissions device increase sensor 2 and sensor array 20 also can be used for detecting the shade input.In at least one embodiment, these apparatus and method can detect simultaneously with respect to bias light higher and/or lower brightness input.In other embodiment, the user can revise the parameter of display, changes over the shade input from the light pen input.
So according at least one embodiment of the present invention, the photon detection element can be suitable for detecting photon wavelength, energy and the brightness amplitude of the outer photon emitters emission that stylus carries.In another embodiment, the photon detection element can be suitable for detecting the brightness amplitude that the outer photon emitters of carrying from stylus receives, and this brightness amplitude does not have the environmental background luminance brightness amplitude of illumination photons detecting element reception greater than outer photon emitters.Stylus carries outer photon emitters and can comprise: light pen, and outer photon emitters can comprise: light emitting diode (LED) or incandescence photon emitters.In these any embodiment, can utilize the optical system shaping of refraction optical element or the light path and the optical field distribution of control display surface or detecting element.For example, can utilize optical lens system to receive from the light of LED emission and focal beam spot to the display screen front surface or following sensor plane.
Fig. 4 represents to have the embodiment of the invention with Fig. 2 and identical or basic identical sensor array embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 and circuit, but wherein light pen 60 is launched the light of narrow spectral band, for example, ruddiness 65 (or because the emission characteristic of photon source and/or the spectral filtering in the light pen), this light transmission is by spectral wavelength wave filter 72, and incides subsequently on the sensor 2 in the sensor array 20.The structure of not drawing light pen among the figure, it can adopt optical lens system in its structure, the light from LED or other light sources is focused into thin luminous point or narrow waist light beam, and element sensor of once irradiating also produces very high resolution.
In fact, optical system for high resolution can be used for detecting and providing the basis of identification handwritten form.Write among the embodiment of body utilizing the light pen hand to catch and discern, light pen or other luminous stylus devices are near glass or other surfaces of display, therefore, when following the tracks of the sample of block letter or handwritten form, for example, signature or any other written messages can keep and the even or basic uniform distance of sensor array.Utilize wave filter to avoid the influence of all or part of surround lighting as dark shielding protection sensor array.Can adopt the various combinations of transmitter and wave filter, it can provide desired difference between surround lighting and light pen or stylus.
Should be appreciated that at least one embodiment of the present invention choose such OLED pixel transmitter, it can produce the desirable colored display characteristic of image.Because the identical sensor 2 that is used to detect the light pen input can detect and keep the required intensity level of display picture element, the spectrum of light pen must be in the spectral response of sensor; Yet the light pen transmitter does not need and OLED or the identical spectral characteristic of other display picture element transmitters.For example, the light pen frequency spectrum can be monochrome or polychrome frequency spectrum, and wherein sensor 2 can detect sightless spectrum component, and for example, the infrared spectrum component can adopt this infrared light pen transmitter.
Obviously, in above description, wave filter can with sensor alignment to stop surround lighting, inject from the light of directed laser instrument of specific colour or LED or from specific colour or frequency spectrum sidelight and allow.Directed and scattering sidelight embodiment are described in this instructions.So embodiments of the invention can provide the spectral selectivity wave filter, it is arranged on the light path between environment light source and the detecting element, in order that stop the surround lighting that is not in filter transmission band, but can transmission or transmission from the light of input light source.In one embodiment, the spectral selectivity wave filter can be the wave filter of basic transmit red light.In another embodiment, the basic specific light of transmission can be transmission at least 50%, at least 70%, at least 90%, or at least 95% light.In another embodiment, basic transmission is the transmissivity between 10% and about 100% of having an appointment at least.
Concrete transmission spectrum light can be any color, and is for example red, green, indigo plant, or any other color.In one embodiment, the spectral selectivity wave filter is the wave filter of transmission peak wavelength scope red wavelength photon between 700nm and 710nm.In one embodiment, the spectral selectivity wave filter is the wave filter of transmission peak wavelength scope wavelength photon between 400nm and 800nm.
In one embodiment, provide the surround lighting of directed input signal to comprise:, and to be introduced in detecting element by the variation of surface interface because total internal reflection is included in the light (photon) of red sidelight in the flat board.In another embodiment, provide the surround lighting of directed input signal to comprise:, and to be introduced in detecting element from the light (photon) of red laser optical or Red LED1.
In one embodiment, the use of colour or spectrum filter can be made up any sensor readout scheme.For example, in an embodiment of apparatus of the present invention and method, the spectral selectivity wave filter is arranged on the light path between environment light source or optical input device and the detecting element; The light of wavelength in the optical input device transmission spectrum selective filter passband; Comprise with the photon detection element: the sensor of in the display vertical flyback period, reading.
With reference to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 represents an alternative embodiment of the invention, and wherein active stylus 68 is used for input information to sensor array 20.This system adopts glass plate 67 (or any other transparent material), and its light 69 is from the edge 66 of glass plate 67.In one embodiment, edge illumination is an edge 66 that is introduced in glass plate 67 by the ruddiness from red-light LED 69 arrays.As long as glass plate 67 or other transparent materials have relative clean Surface, the direct transmission of the light of red-light LED is stayed in the glass plate 67 without any light by glass plate 67, and incides sensor array 20.When pushing stylus 68 nibs to glass plate 67, optical density from air (stylus does not have contact) to stylus 68 (stylus contact) and variations in refractive index make light penetrate from the front surface of glass plate 67, and near the surface of eye point that comprises stylus 68 nibs is left in scattering, thereby make light penetrate this surface, and this scattered light of part incides on the sensor array 20, and light wherein is by sensor and the detection of the correlation detecting circuit described.This system can work under the surrounding environment of bright indoor or complete dark, for example, and in the automobile at night.Though we have described the stylus of fine point, wherein only require the degree of accuracy of coarse alignment, for example, when from a plurality of display icons, choosing, can utilize big relatively alignment device to replace stylus 68, for example, people's finger tip.
So the embodiment of apparatus of the present invention and method can utilize the combination of transmitting sidelight or edge light in element sensor and glass plate or the polymer sheet, and touch front glass panel or polymer sheet, thereby can redirect or scatter light to detecting element.For example, this display and method can provide more than first photon detection element, it is suitable for detecting with foreign subscriber imports incoherent bias light brightness amplitude and imports relevant different brightness amplitudes with this user, wherein different brightness amplitudes can be bigger brightness amplitude (for example, from light source) or less brightness amplitude (for example, from shade).Can produce bigger brightness amplitude from the photon emitters that is arranged in display equipment, its brightness is greater than the brightness of inciding diffuse background light on the display surface.The photon of the photon emitters emission in the display equipment (for example can be completely contained in first transmission medium basically, glass plate or polymer sheet), therefore, these photons do not incide sensor element, but photon is penetrated from first transmission medium on user's input position.Photon can be fully or is completely contained in basically in first transmission medium, this is owing to be arranged on dull and stereotyped interior total internal reflection between demonstration transmitter and the user, and by changing dull and stereotyped surface nature or characteristic, or, these photons are penetrated from first transmission medium by changing planar surface interface from second medium to the, three medium.
In one embodiment, second medium comprise: the gas medium and wherein the 3rd medium comprise: the non-pneumatic medium.For example, these second medium can be air, or some other gas or liquid.For example, the 3rd medium can comprise: nontransparent, and partially transparent, or opaque substantially passive attenuation object, for example, the solid basic or opaque tip stylus of part, form of a stroke or a combination of strokes object, indicator device, outside finger etc.In one embodiment, the photon that penetrates from first medium is the object scattering that is shown outside the device, therefore, is scattered or reflects back into display to the scattered photon of small part, and incide detecting element.These photons turn back to display and enter the direction of sensor element can be by means of object surfaces.
We have described various detection architecture and method, and are apparent, system of the present invention, and apparatus and method can be used element sensor according to different modes, are used for measurement and control pixel intensity and are used for the senses touch input or the light input.More than first photon detection element in the display array can be suitable for detecting with foreign subscriber to be imported incoherent brightness amplitude and imports relevant different brightness amplitudes with this user.This different brightness amplitude can be bigger or less brightness amplitude.Bigger brightness amplitude can be that the outer photon emitters outside being arranged in display equipment produces, its brightness is greater than the diffuse background luminance brightness that incides on the display surface, and/or less brightness amplitude can be less than 100% and be arranged on the contiguous passive attenuation object of display surface and produce the diffuse background luminance brightness that this object produces shade and stops or decay and incide display surface top from transmissivity.
The present invention can be applicable to active and the passive matrix displays type.The complicacy of TFT is not normally constructed and provide to the structure of passive array because passive matrix displays does not need TFT, therefore, the manufacturing cost of passive matrix displays lower and the commercialization system and the device in be very economical.In order to make passive sensor and passive sensor array, should provide the device of a kind of light that is used to locate light pen to the display board as light pen input or other light or photon detection device work.
In one embodiment, the passive OLED display is to carry out line scanning according to the mode that once only scans delegation.First dimension location that this operating characteristic is provided for determining importing on the display () apparatus function basis for example, vertical dimension or line position because the order of line scanning be from the top (first row) to the bottom (last column).Certainly, can utilize opposite order or any other order, and the present invention is suitable for this order, but this instructions discussion is worked typically.The work that recalls these sensors can be used as the display picture element brightness feedback system and method for part.
With reference to embodiment shown in Figure 6, because the display pixel 76 of every row 75 has band shape or the ladder shape sensor 2V along every row 75 length directions in the passive matrix displays 77, the display row component of this position only can be determined or discern to any light that incides on the ladder shape sensor 2V, and the true capable component of the display of this position.Operation by the pairing of line scanning position and column position, can be fixed row and column position completely during passive matrix displays under image display mode, rather than in the active display type possible location.
In strip sensor configuration shown in Figure 6, two strip sensor 2V, 2H is arranged to angle at 90 degrees to each other.So each display picture element has unique pair of sensors band.(note that embodiments of the invention can not provide detector element or sensor ladder in every row and every row when the less setting accuracy of needs, for example, the embodiment of a detector element is arranged during per 10 row and 10 are listed as.) when light incides on the display, shine two sensor row (level is vertical with) at least, the joining of these sensor row can discern or the locating and displaying device on accurately (x, y) position of coordinate or (OK, being listed as) coordinate.
Fig. 7 represents to have the passive matrix displays embodiment of ladder shape sensor.Only draw herein and describe vertical input with avoid complicacy and with relevant may the obscuring of vertical input and level input.So this configuration itself can not be imported by consumer positioning, and only can be as emission feedback system ladder shape sensor, the set of the horizon sensor that also needs in the embodiment shown in fig. 6.Should be understood that strip sensor and ladder shape sensor can intercourse.Strip sensor can be regarded ladder shape sensor as, wherein thickeies the crosspiece of ladder, contacts and form continuous or continuous substantially band until these crosspieces.
The pairing of this line position and column position is not always adapted to the mode of operation of light pen input, because though the light of light pen incides sensor array when listing, can easily determine the number of row, and can not determine capable number, because all row are in dark pattern (seeing above) in input time in data in the display.In order to overcome this problem, second group of horizontal band-like sensor 2H is arranged on sensor glass or the substrate, and its orientation is and vertical reference 2V quadrature.In one embodiment, the dielectric layer (not shown) is separated first group of sensor 2V and second group of sensor 2H.First group of vertical orientated sensor determined the column position of input, and second group of quadrature and horizontal alignment sensor are determined the upright position of input.
Fig. 7 represents to comprise passive array 15 embodiment of sensor array element 2.Dotted line 12,13 is pointed out one or more layers OLED array under passive sensor array element 2, or as the independent structure of aiming at sensor array element.In an illustrated embodiment, each sensor 2 in any particular column is arranged in the form of sensor ladder, and its sensor element 2 is connected between first conductor 3 and second conductor 4 and is connected.Conductor 3 is connected under the drive wire voltage () drive wire for example, 10 volts or other voltages of determining, and conductor 4 is connected to first end 22 of voltage grading resistor 23, and second end 24 of voltage grading resistor 23 connects ground 27.Whenever show one group of sensor 2 of above-mentioned ladder shape.Every row OLED transmitter (intersecting shown in the dotted line) has a ladder.Be understood that, sensor 2 can be discrete interconnected sensors element, maybe can increase the width (and/or other yardsticks) of sensor 2, contact or contact substantially and form the sensor material of continuous band until crosspiece shape sensor 2, this material is the length direction extension (for example, seeing embodiment shown in Figure 6) along row.
In the capable addressing time of reading light pen input data, the voltage on the voltage grading resistor 23 is to be input to data buffer 70 from data reading circuit 71.As mentioned above, the structure shown in Fig. 7 does not have the input Data Position that enough information can the actual location row and column.In order to achieve this end, must add quadrature group sensor and the circuit that replenishes.Configuration shown in Fig. 2 only can be used as the feedback system of OLED, but can not be as light pen input system completely.A kind of like this configuration of sensor shown in Fig. 6 and circuit description, wherein two quadrature components provide light pen input system and apparatus structure completely.
Fig. 6 represents the embodiment as complete light pen input system active configuration.In this configuration, the sensor ladder is replaced by the orthogonal vertical strip sensor 2V of a plurality of intersections and horizontal band-like sensor, and every row has a horizon sensor 2H and whenever shows a vertical reference 2V.A terminal of strip sensor is connected to voltage source, for example, and 3 volts.Another terminal of strip sensor is connected to voltage grading resistor or other bleeder circuit 23.Note that vertical reference 2V and horizon sensor 2H can be connected to the voltage divider 23 of identical configuration, each horizontal line and perpendicular line have a voltage grading resistor 23.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 6, the 2nd row and the 2nd row are activated by the light beam 65 from light pen or other light sources.In one embodiment, the width of strip sensor 2V and 2H and preferably about 1000 to 1 (1000: 1) of length aspect ratio, and in another embodiment, aspect ratio preferably 40: 1 or higher.As employed herein, width dimensions is bigger size, and it is the column direction extension along vertical reference 2V, and horizon sensor 2H is the direction extension that follows, and therefore, they have very high sensitivity.As long as aspect ratio has the enough sensitivity of definite facula position on two yardsticks, can unrestrictedly utilize other aspect ratio.
Should be noted that a kind of method of calculating aspect ratio is to make a yardstick in height of display or the width depend on calculated level sensor or vertical reference.Determine that another yardstick depends on that we wish that sensor produces great shaded area.For example, oversimplify in order to make to calculate, we suppose that at random the display of 100 row * 100 row has the pixel of 1mm * 1mm, and we only wish that shade accounts for 20% elemental area.So each sensor row can only account for the width of 0.1mm, therefore, horizon sensor is capable account for 10% and vertical reference account for 10%, promptly account for 20% (approx, because zone that their intersect is to calculate twice) altogether.Because the width that total height of display and width are 100mm and sensor only is 0.1mm, aspect ratio in this example is 1000: 1.
A key character of this configuration is to have the strip sensor of enough numbers and orientation to be used for the position of location spot on display.Be to be useful on the level and the vertical reference array of the quadrature of this location easily.In the above-described embodiments, the set of strip sensor is the direction along mutually orthogonal.So, incide at least one vertical reference 2V and at least one horizon sensor 2H from the light 65 of light pen 60, be used for locating the light 65 of x-y matrix.Above-mentioned all kinds input can utilize this configuration.The readout of this passive matrix displays device is identical or basic identical with active display device described above.Data reading circuit 71 reads into data buffer 70 to the voltage on the voltage grading resistor 23, and then, the data in the data buffer can be by computing machine, processor, or read and analyze with other logics of data buffer 70 coupling.May incident or spill under the situation of two other sensors at light, can be based on some logics of sensor signal intensity by computing machine, processor, or other logic utilizations are to choose the most probable position of spot center.
Can realize data buffer 70 and data reader 71 according to the whole bag of tricks, and the general professional in this area can realize many kinds of circuit forms, so, no longer describe these circuit or other impact dampers or data readout setup herein in detail.
With reference to Fig. 8, Fig. 8 represents the exemplary embodiments of top layer emission OLED pixel 202 structures.OLED transmitter 204 comprises two transparency electrodes 205,206, and they can be negative electrode or anode.The light 208 that OLED or electroluminescent material 207 produce between these two transparency electrodes penetrates along all directions basically according to lambert's chromatic dispersion mode.Mostly only penetrate from the top layer 209 of pixel, and some only transmission downwards (arrow downwards) 210 and incide sensor 211.Because OLED material 207 is transparent or partially transparent at least, surround lighting 212 also can transmit by transparency electrode 205,206 and OLED material 207 and incide sensor 211.So original sensor data is the combination of OLED emission brightness and environmental light brightness.For separately or distinguish these two kinds (emission and environment) brightness data distributions, turn-offs OLED in 212 times and launch 209 reading environmental light brightness.Note that OLED drive TFT 215 is top-gate structures; So grid 216 shielding TFT raceway grooves 217 are avoided the radiative influence from OLED.The advantage of this structure is, nearly all elemental area has the OLED surface of emission, and the TFT circuit be hidden in OLED or other electroluminescent structures below.
Obviously, system of the present invention, apparatus and method can be utilized the element sensor of transmitter or top layer emitter structures.In this structure, each separates the addressable pixel position and comprises: the photon emitters of substrate surface support also comprises one deck and is clipped in luminescent material between first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode, and the light of this material emission is upwards by first transparency electrode with downwards by second transparency electrode and arrive substrate; And be arranged on photo emissions element between photon emitters and the substrate, be used to intercept from the photon emitters part photon of emission downwards.Transmitter can comprise: the transmitter of OLED transmitter or other types.
Fig. 9 represents the exemplary embodiments of emission down or bottom emission OLED display picture element 302.In this embodiment, top layer electrode 305 is opaque, and the light that lambert's chromatic dispersion produces incides opaque negative electrode 305 and reflect downwards or turn back to OLED material 307, and penetrates from the bottom of this structure by the light 309 of transparent bottom electrode 306 with all the other emissions downwards or bottom emission.Note that not extension on current drives TFT raceway groove 320 of OLED structure 302 in this embodiment, and sensor 311 is on the radiative direct-path of OLED.Yet this sensor has protection sensor 311 to avoid the dark shielding 322 of surround lighting, and this surround lighting transmission is by substrate 324; So though dark shielding protection sensor is avoided the influence of surround lighting, it can disturb the detection and the generation of appropriate brightness feedback signal, therefore, this structure is not suitable for touch-screen system described herein usually.
A possibility shortcoming downward or bottom emission dot structure be, compare with top layer emission dot structure, the emitting area of this pixel is normally less, so, must driving OLED to higher instantaneous emissive porwer to obtain identical outside brightness, this can shorten its life-span usually.Downward or bottom transmitter is the most general structure in the current display, because electronics industry is at first developed opaque negative electrode, but handles the difficulty of operating and can not make suitable structure owing to existing.Electronics industry is in the developing stage of making transparent cathode, and it can not make the negative electrode of suitable construction.Figure 10 displaying and description are applicable to the downward transmitter embodiment of touch-screen system.
Obviously, system of the present invention, device and method can utilized element sensor in transmitter or the bottom emitter structures downwards.In this structure, each separates the addressable pixel position and comprises: the photon emitters that the substantially transparent substrate surface is supported, and comprise one deck and be clipped in luminescent material between first opaque electrode and second transparency electrode, this material is luminous downwards by transparency electrode and the substrate by substantially transparent; And the photon detection element that between photon emitters and substrate, is provided with, be used to intercept part photon from the photon emitters emission.This transmitter can comprise: the transmitter of OLED transmitter or other types.
Figure 10 illustrates bottom or launches the embodiment of OLED display picture element 362 downwards in the dark shielding of sensor aperture is arranged, aperture, or other structures transparent or the partially transparent district.This structure can be basic identical with structure shown in Figure 9, is that different is with identical numeral with similar structure, aperture, the aperture, or other structures transparent or partially transparent district 364 are in dark shielding, can make at least some surround lightings incide sensor.In one embodiment, aperture 364 is that it can make the surround lighting of maximum incide sensor 311 in dark shielding 311.(the size of aperture 364 of not drawing in proportion with respect to sensor.) in one embodiment, the aperture of formation about sensor of 10% to 50% that can expose, but this scope do not fix, and can utilize less or bigger number percent.
The formation aperture is provided, the aperture, or another scheme transparent or the partially transparent district is to remove dark shielding 322 (as the situation of above-mentioned top layer emitter structures) fully.Not dark shielding, touch sensor or light pen sensor point out that the position of shade or hot spot is to be different from adjacent pixels by means of sensor reading.Yet, some and the relevant shortcoming of dark shielding are arranged, secretly shield preferably by metal material (when needs are setovered), nonmetallic materials, or filter material makes, and this wave filter can leach most surround lighting, but can not leach the wavelength of light pen or the input of other light.Preferably, secretly shielding 322 should be biased, and makes it have the characteristic of optotransistor.Can be biased to reduce the dark current of sensor 311 metal dark shielding 322.As everyone knows, TFT is near 0 volt but be not under certain voltage of 0 volt minimal leak to be arranged.For example, the n channel TFT approximately-3 volts extremely in the scope of-10 volts of voltages minimal leak is arranged, and the p channel TFT has minimal leak greatly under+a few volt voltages.
With reference to Figure 11, Figure 11 is illustrated in and utilizes two sensor S1 and S2 and two the pixel synoptic diagram that separate charge amplifier/transimpedance amplifier relevant with pixel and sensor in each pixel.Sensor S1 is used to measure and produce the feedback signal of pixel OLED emission data, in order that the emission characteristic of steady display device.Sensor S2 is used in the touch-screen system.This means and to finish the environment shade of measuring the OLED emission and being used for the senses touch data simultaneously.
With the circuit of circuit shown in Figure 11 and similar be US Utility Patent Application Serial No.11/015 in co-applications on Dec 17th, 2004,638 and in Fig. 8 of this patented claim, describe, its title is " Feedback Control System and Method forOperating a High-Performance Stabilized Active Matrix EmissiveDisplay ", is incorporated in full that this is for reference.
Describe the structure and the operation characteristic of sort circuit herein, therefore, we can more clearly understand the working method of OLED emission sensor S1 and touch/light pen sensor S2.Should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the structure of any concrete pixel transmitter and the detection architecture of transmitter, can realize other pixel transmitter and emitter transducer structure in conjunction with the present invention.
A feature of dot structure of the present invention provides from high impedance to low-impedance conversion.Because the structure of emission sensor capacitor C2, configuration, and/or operation are that part takes place from high impedance to low-impedance conversion at least.The sensor S1 of charge or discharge sensor capacitor C2 moves under high impedance, because this sensor has gigohm nurse (10
9Ohm) resistance.In this charge or discharge time, pickup wire be that transistor T 3 by sensor S1 is isolated with high impedance.In read time, the transistor T 3 disconnection sensor capacitor C2 (it is isolated with pickup wire L4) of sensor and being connected of pickup wire L4.
Impedance between sensor capacitor C2 and the pickup wire L4 is the resistance of pickup wire, and this resistance is normally about 3k ohm in typical embodiment.So impedance contrast is 1 megabit 1 (10
6: the order of magnitude 1).Cause receiving the electric current of ampere from interference of noise, it is equivalent to the noise of a few voltage magnitudes in gigohm nurse impedance system, but is equivalent to the noise of a few microvolt orders of magnitude in kilohm impedance system.Because pickup wire L4 is having very long length in typical display scheme, therefore the interference that it can pick-up noise, preferably, is not measured when being taken in pickup wire and being connected to high impedance system and is carried out.When sensor S1 was isolated by sensor TFTT3, any noise that influences sensor S1 must be picked up by the image element circuit of utmost point short-term road; So any noise is very little to the influence of sensor capacitor charge or discharge.These exchanges and impedance characteristic are contributive for the successful operation of pixel and sensor circuit.
In this pixel embodiment, though we describe concrete pixel transmitter, sensor, and circuit layout, but be to be understood that, the present invention is not limited to this concrete circuit or apparatus structure, can revise design and concrete circuit arrangement, for example, type by changing control device is to adopt other transistor, TFT, diode etc., and replace two ends or control of three ends or switch.Though the transistor of our appointment is the TFT transistor npn npn, the present invention is not limited to the TFT transistor npn npn.In addition, other variations of pixel circuit layout for example, under the condition that does not depart from spirit and scope of the invention, can be added other circuit.The type of emitter can also change over the transmitter of different OLED transmitters, for example, can utilize any active transmitter, and it includes but not limited to, inorganic photo emissions device or structure; And can change the characteristic of sensor, and therefore, except light-sensitive unit or light guide, can replace any sensor device, it can produce the variation in response to the incident photon flux.
An advantage of this circuit provide a kind of from high impedance to low-impedance converting system, be used to launch the flat-panel monitor of feedback stability, for example, the OLED display.The ballistic phonon flux integration operation that takes place at frame time is in the time, by (for example isolating display glass or chip circuit, voltage comparator amplifier VC1 and switching transistor TFT T4) with this pixel in high impedance sensor S1, this circuit provides this high impedance to low-impedance conversion.The design of this circuit is to prevent to produce noise on the pickup wire L4 when pickup wire L4 is connected to high impedance source.
About this point, well-known, the lead that is connected to high impedance can pick up electromagnetic interference (EMI) from environment.Performance when this can have the voltage table of positive and negative lead-in wire to open a way in air by observation easily illustrates.Because radio and television interference (TVI), this voltage changes to-several volts from+several volts continuously.Because the resistance of sensor is that if L4 is directly connected to sensor S1 and does not utilize sensor capacitor C2, then it is equivalent to open circuit to the effect of pickup wire L4 in gigohm nurse or higher scope.In integral time, sensor TFT T3 turn-offs at sensor S1 photon flux.In this concrete pixel circuit configuration, though power lead L1 does not isolate with sensor S1, but the noise on the power lead L1 does not influence the operation of pixel or display, because power TFT T2 is operated under the saturation mode, so, because noise makes power TFT T2 on the change in voltage (even order of magnitude of several volts) of generation can not change electric current by TFT T2, so, for pixels all in the display, the photon of launching from pixel diode transmitter D1 can keep stable.
In addition, in the frame time of sensor capacitor C2 by sensor S1 charging, any noise that power lead L1 picks up is near near fluctuating 0 volt (that is, saying fifty-fifty that it is to have essentially identically just rising and falling and shoulder volt 0 volt); So, after frame time is finished, noise cancel each other and sensor capacitor C2 on voltage only be since sensor S1 in the discharge rate of intercepting during photon.Be expert in the addressing time, when row was selected the voltage rising on the pressure-wire L2 and connected drive TFT T1 and sensor TFT T3, the voltage on the emission sensor capacitor C2 was read on its sensor input P2 by voltage comparison amplifier VC1.This compares to be created in difference or the error voltage on the output P3 at input of the sensor on the P1 and the reference voltage of importing at another on P2.During the voltage that on pickup capacitor C2, occurs, noise does not produce interference, because noise-induced electric current be receive the ampere scope in, it makes the electric charge emission variation slightly on the capacitor C2 at most, but owing in fact do not have electric current to flow through high impedance, low intensive noise can not produce voltage.
This circuit be connected with voltage V
CAPBetween 355, this voltage is to present or be transferred to sensor capacitor C2 327 by sensor TFT T3 330 and TFT T4 340 transistors in the addressing time.The emitter (for example, OLED diode) that is coupled to ground is to be driven by controllable current source (for example, the TFT transistor T 2).The pixel data value of voltage form is added to control terminal (TFT grid), and therefore, pixel emission (photon number) is relevant with its expection integration photon flux.Sensor S1 324 and capacitor C2 327 are coupled into photon flux integrator arrangement 339 (and supporting circuit) with pixel radiated element (OLED diode), therefore, representative and the photon number that can survey transmitter emission incide on the sensor, and with the combination results photon counting of capacitor.The combination of sensor S1 and capacitor C2 can integration or the counting total number of light photons that (in one embodiment, it is 16.7 milliseconds display frame time) collects in predetermined period.This integration photon flux is useful measuring, because it has higher repeatability and noise resisting ability than any instantaneous measurement, bigger signal amplitude is provided, and the integration photon flux that on behalf of the observer, the photon flux character of integration more can experience, because people's vision system has slow relatively response and persistence of vision.
We have set up with reference to the integration photon flux, then, sensor signal is transferred to control system, and be used from the adjustment data-signal with reference value one, this signal (is for example calibrated the cycle at the next one, next frame) be added on the control device in, therefore, the required integration photon flux (photon number of in the calibration time, discerning) of actual pixel integration photon flux (OLED diode or other transmitters be the photon of emission effectively) coupling.
We have described some functional characters of typical pixel circuit, describe embodiment of circuit shown in Figure 11 now in more detail.Description has transmitter, emission sensor, the display picture element embodiment of photon flux integration and control element with reference to Figure 11.Pixel diode driving transistors T1 310 is at its drain electrode (D
T1) end 311 is coupled to image voltage line L3 301, first end 315 of holding capacitor C1 314 and at its grid (G
T1) or control end 313 row that is coupled to power control transistor TFT T2 320 select pressure-wire L2 302.Power TFT transistor T FT T2 320 is coupled to power voltage line L1 301 at its drain electrode end 321.Second end 316 of holding capacitor C1 314 is coupled to the source terminal 322 of power TFT T2 320 and the input end 337 of transmitter (OLED diode) 336.The output terminal 338 of OLED transmitter 336 is coupled to ground 305.Second end, 326, the second ends 326 that the output terminal 338 of OLED transmitter 336 also is coupled to sensor S1 324 also are coupled to second end 329 of sensor capacitor C2 327.Be connected with an end 328 of sensor capacitor at sensor S1 input end 325 and measure or to read calibration read-out voltage (V on the node of determining
Cal).This reads the source terminal 331 that node also is coupled to sensor TFT T33 30.Sensor TFT T3 330 also is coupled to pickup wire L4 304 in its source terminal 332, and pickup wire L4 304 provides input signal at the input end P1 351 of voltage comparator VC1 350.Voltage comparator 350 receives reference voltage at second input end 352, and produces according to the difference calculated error signal P3 353 of P1 351 inputs with P2 352 inputs.In this embodiment, the sensor output that is added on the voltage comparator VC1 350 as input also is added to common node 351, and it is V
CAPDrain electrode end 341 inputs of TFT T4 340.V
CapThe source terminal 342 of TFT T4 340 also is coupled to voltage on capacitor source (V
CAP) 355, for example ,+10 volts (or any other magnitude of voltage), and receive control signals 344 in its gate terminal 343.These transistors provide swap operation, are connected to pixel cell sometimes, and isolate other pixel cell in identical time or different time, therefore, can be accurately and finish close management exactly, control, and/or measure small voltage, electric current, electric charge, and/or photon counting.Note that the source terminal and the drain electrode end that detect TFT can be reversed, it depends on that the TFT transistor uses n section bar material or p section bar material.
Though some element collaborative work of foregoing circuit also impels the pixel transmitter, the operation of pixel photon flux integrator and measurement and scale operation can be developed some approximate types and be understood feature of the present invention to help the reader; Yet these types should not limit the scope of the invention, because the contribution of foregoing circuit element surpasses a type in some occasion, and are not the contents of this description details in other occasions.Remember this point, drive TFT T1, holding capacitor C1, power control TFT T2 and diode D1 are mainly used in the operation of OLED diode emitters; Sensor S1, sensor capacitor C2 and sensor TFT T3 are mainly used in and determine or generation integration photon flux measurement result; With voltage comparator VC1 and V
CAPTFT T4 340 is mainly used in this embodiment and reads integration photon flux measurement result and determine the poor of measurement result and reference value, therefore, utilizes corrected value to adjust and records and starve the pointed pixel transmitter brightness of integration photon flux.
We have described the general layout and the connectivity of circuit component among Figure 11, its operation of concentrated discussion now, so our other feature and advantage that the present invention may be better understood.Supply voltage (the V in 10 volts to 15 volts scopes normally
Ps) be added on the circuit L1 301, this supply voltage is as the charge power supply of power supply and the sensor capacitor C2 327 of OLED D1 336.The present invention is not limited to any specific scope, can utilize the higher and low voltage consistent with equipment energy characteristic.Meanwhile, line options voltage (V
LS) be added on the circuit L2 302, thereby data-driven TFT T1 301 is connected.In addition, meanwhile, representative is shown image and is referred to as the image voltage (V of image voltage
IM) be added to circuit L3 303, and because data-driven TFT T1 301 is switched on (conducting), this image voltage (V
IM) be delivered to the grid G that power is controlled TFT T2 320 by TFT T1
T2323 and holding capacitor C1 314.This makes device electric current (I
D1) be delivered to OLED D1 336 by TFT T2 320, and from the specific luminous intensity of OLEDD1 336 emissions, this is the correct luminous intensity (E that calculates according to this image request
CALC).When display be new and manufactured merchant adjust recently display the time, image voltage produces correct pixel/OLED emission value.In one embodiment, the physical location of sensor S1 324 is to contact with the semiconductor anode of OLED D1 336 to obtain best optically-coupled, therefore, the light that sensor S1 collects during its emission at least or intercepting part of O LED launches, but ballistic phonon preferably as much as possible is in order that improve integral light subnumber and signal intensity.In this embodiment, as representing with brightness, sensor S1 receives and the identical or essentially identical brightness of OLED pixel emission, because incide flux density on this pixel (Sensor section of pixel) is identical with the overall flux density of this pixel (transmitter portion of pixel) emission, because preferably (but needing not to be) contact of these parts.(the sensor S1 position that other embodiment provides is near OLED, and therefore, its collects or intercept enough light providing the sensor signal of usefulness, but it does not contact with the anode of OLED D1.) in one embodiment, sensor S1 is photosensitive (or photoconduction) sensor, wherein resistance is to increase with the photon flux density that the OLED transmitter is launched to reduce (or electricity is led increase).
At frame duration (T
FR) in, it is 16.7ms under the situation of per second 60 frames (fps), the light of launching from OLED D1 336 incides sensor S1 324, and makes the resistance (R of sensor S1324
S1) 347 components reduce according to the ratio of luminous (photon) intensity.In time, sensor capacitor C2 327 is charged to predetermined voltage by TFT T4 340 by pickup wire at display frame, and voltage on capacitor source (V
CAP) the 355th, discharge by sensor S1324.Frame duration and at the average resistance (R of this frame time inner sensor S1
AVE) 348 determine the quantity of electric charge of sensor capacitor C2 discharge.Voltage on the sensor capacitor C2 336 moves to the ground voltage of G2 306.The quantity of electric charge of sensor capacitor C2 discharge is an important parameters, because its control or determine to be connected the voltage (V that reads between sensor capacitor C2 328 and the sensor TFT T3 terminal 331 on the calibration voltage node
CAL).So big more from the photon flux of OLED D1 emission, the resistance of sensor S1 is more little, the electric current that discharges in frame time is just big more, and in readout time during survey sensor capacitor C2, the voltage that remains on the sensor capacitor C2 is low more.This reads calibration voltage is to send to be used for determining the circuit of corrected value or the readout of other logics, and this voltage is used to calibrate and keep the homogeneity and the colour balance of display when normal operation.(different embodiments of the invention provide different sensing circuits, and describe sort circuit in this instructions.) being important to note that it is low more to read the voltage that records on the calibration voltage node between sensor capacitor C2 and sensor TFT T3, the photon flux (pixel intensity) that is detected or intercept by sensor S1 is just big more.
In one embodiment, the second sensor S2 374 is in parallel to form second photon flux integrator that separates with sensor capacitor C4 377.The The parallel combined of sensor S2 and sensor capacitor C4, the drain electrode that it is coupled to ground G1 305 and is coupled to TFT T5 310 at another node 375 at a node 376.The grid 373 of transistor T 5 receives input from circuit L5 390, and the source electrode 372 of T5 is connected to circuit L6, is used to transmit detected signal to the transimpedance amplifier circuit that touches circuit 386.The output that touches circuit (or light input detecting circuit) is transferred to sample-and-hold circuit.This work that touches circuit or light detection input 386 circuit is basic identical with the work of feedback circuit 356, so, describe in detail no longer respectively herein.
Circuit among Figure 11 is different from US Utility Patent Application Serial No.11/015, the feedback system that the photon integrator circuit is arranged in 638, main difference is that two photon integrator circuits are arranged, second photon integrator circuit comprise the second touch/light pen sensor S2 and be used to touch/touch/light pen sensor capacitor C4 of light pen sensor, rather than comprise single photon integrator circuit and the OLED emission sensor of OLED emission sensor S1.First photon integrator circuit is used to detect the OLED firing operation, and second photon integrator circuit is used for senses touch input or light input.
Another difference is that the control of adding horizontal line L 5 and transistor T 4 is to be independent of transistor T 1 and T3, in order that control can be read the TFT T4 of touch sensor S2.In addition, also add vertical conduction circuit L6 and read circuit as the special use of touch sensor.The embodiment of Figure 11 also is provided for the charge amplifier of sense data from sensor S1 and S2.
When work, 10 volts of voltages (or any other required charging voltage) are added to the positive lead end of charge amplifier CA1 and CA2.This well-known action is that 10 volts of voltages are appeared on L4 and the L5.The voltage that appears on node P3 and the P4 is that it is referred to as offset voltage near 0 volt.When the grid voltage of T3 and T4 raises, that is, when circuit L2 and circuit L5 were energized, transistor T 3 and T4 were recharged (or resetting) to 10 volts.Finish the required quantity of electric charge of charging and from charge amplifier capacitor C3 and C5, take out, thereby the negative lead end voltage of charge amplifier CA1 and CA2 is descended.Under these conditions, owing between the positive and negative lead-in wire of charge amplifier CA1 and CA2 voltage difference is arranged, this voltage equals difference and adds the offset voltage that appears at node P3 and P4.Sending this voltage is for further processing to sample-and-hold circuit (sample-and-hold circuit is well-known, is not described in detail) herein.
From above description, be appreciated that, the present invention comprises such structure and method, it is provided for identical sensor (S1), sensor capacitor (C2) and the photon flux integrator circuit element of the brightness of FEEDBACK CONTROL pixel transmitter and senses touch input or light input.The present invention also comprises such embodiment, and the sensor that wherein separates (S1 and S2), sensor capacitor (C2 and C4) and the photon flux integrator circuit element that separates are used for the transmitter brightness of FEEDBACK CONTROL pixel and senses touch input or light input.In the embodiment of two sensors, these apparatus and method are provided for detecting a plurality of first detecting elements of display picture element photo emissions and the integration photon flux that produces remarked pixel brightness and are used to detect a plurality of second detecting elements that touch input and outer light input and generation expression input signal outside at least one.Utilize two photon flux integrators that separate reading the voltage relevant with accumulating photon flux, electric current, or additional dirigibility is provided during electric charge.In the embodiment of single-sensor and sensor capacitor, the measurement that separates is normally finished in the non-overlapped time period.
Though we have described many embodiment of the present invention, obviously, in above description, an embodiment provides the emission pixel display device of a plurality of type of pixel, wherein each pixel has light-emitting device and produces the driving circuit of drive signal with the driving display pixel, the feature of emission pixel display device is, at least one photon sensor is arranged in the display equipment pixel, its work is the environment photon that detects light emitted outside the photon of transmitter emission in this pixel and the display equipment, the internal emission photon that detects is used for the display brightness FEEDBACK CONTROL, and the environment photon that detects is used to detect outer light source or shade is input to display.
Obviously, in above description, the present invention also provides method, display, and dot structure and integrated luminosity is arranged and the emission pixel arrangement of input pickup, wherein this pixel arrangement comprises: light-emitting device; The pixel emitter driver circuitry is used to produce drive current with the predetermined luminance of driven for emitting lights device to correspondence image voltage, and applies drive current to light-emitting device in frame time; At least one optical sensor, be used to show the variation of change in electrical characteristics with near the incident photon flux response light-emitting device: (i) when light-emitting device be during at emission state, be used to intercept measurable photon flux, (ii) when light-emitting device be not during at emission state, but be used to detect the measurement of photon flux of light source outside this pixel; And voltage, electric current, with at least one sensing circuit in the electric charge sensing circuit, be used for measuring: (i) light sensor arrangement during non-luminance in first voltage of first's non-launch time of section end generation, first electric current, or first electric charge and first voltage that wherein records, first electric current, or first electric charge is in the first's measurement brightness of light emitted indication outside this pixel in the time period; (ii) light sensor arrangement during luminance in second voltage that produces of second portion section launch time end, second electric current, or second electric charge and second voltage that wherein records, second electric current, or second electric charge is in second portion measurement brightness indication from this pixel emission in the time period.
With reference to Figure 12, Figure 12 represents the diagrammatic cross-section of typical OLED pixel 501, and some of OLED materials are as back-biased sensor or photodiode.The structure of OLED pixel can be used as back-biased diode, its objective is to measure pixel intensity stable OLED pixel emission light and surround lighting.(embodiment shown in Figure 12 is the top layer emitter structures, but according to structure described herein and principle, also can make the bottom emitter structures.) note that black cathode layer 510 is that the both sides of the OLED diode structure pointed out at circle are interrupted.Therefore, the biasing of OLED diode 520 negative electrodes 510 can be independent of illuminating OLED part 530.
In order to make OLED luminous, the OLED pixel is forward biased, and this forward bias flows (seeing Figure 14) hole current in hole transport layer (HTL) 514 and electronic current flows in electronics transportation level (ETL) 512, and compound in composite bed 513.When electronic current 540 and hole current 541 compound tenses, produce the light of photon 542 forms, light wavelength (color) depends on the energy difference between hole and the electronics.
In this embodiment, top layer is a negative electrode 510 and in this example, and the bias voltage of negative electrode 510 is 0 volt, and it is common for the radiating portion 530 and the test section 520 of dot structure 510.Next ETL layer 512 also is common for radiating portion 530 and test section 520.Be composite bed 513 after the electronics transportation level, wherein the emission of light 542 is to be produced by the hole-recombination in electronics in the electronics transportation level (ETL) 512 and the hole transport layer (HTL) 514.Downward again one deck is a hole transport layer (HTL) 514.In this typical embodiment, two tin indium oxide ITO layers 515 and 516 that separate are arranged.ITO electrode 516 on OLED 530 radiating portions has forward bias voltage (being in this embodiment+6 volts of forward bias voltage), its forward bias OLED enters emission mode, and the ITO electrode 515 on the OLED radiating portion has reverse bias voltage (being-10 volts of reverse bias voltages in this embodiment), its reverse bias test section.Any diode when utilizing reverse bias can form very wide space charge region.When photon enters the space charge region, just produce hole and electronics, and burn the wind along opposite direction at once, this makes because the highfield that forms in the space charge region.This causes the generation of photocurrent, and its amplitude depends on the photon flux that enters the space charge region.This light produces electric current photon flux integrating condenser that is used to charge, for example, its mode is the US Utility PatentApplication Serial No.11/016 in co-applications on Dec 17th, 2004, describe in 372, its title is " Active-MatrixDisplay and Pixel Structure for Feedback Stabilized Flat PanelDisplay ", is incorporated in full that this is for reference.
Figure 13 represents the image element circuit synoptic diagram of typical OLED diode-transducer, for example, and the sensor of corresponding pixel region 520 shown in Figure 12.So the OLED device can be used as photon emitters and photon detector.In this case, pickup wire 550 transmits negative sensor voltage by TFT T3.In this object lesson, negative voltage is-10 volts, but can use different voltage.Because backward dioded D2 is connected the two ends of capacitor C2, diode D2 makes capacitor C2 discharge into ground.D2 depends on the speed of capacitor C2 discharge and detects the photon (luminance level) that diode D2 receives from OLED emitting diode D1.So, the average brightness level of the corresponding diode D2 of remaining voltage in this frame time on capacitor C2 after frame integral time.
In order to make OLED emission light, OLED is by forward bias, and it makes hole current and electronic current flow into the luminescent layer of OLED structure, as shown in figure 14.This occurs in the OLED transmitter portion of Figure 14.In the recombination region, when hole current and electronic current compound tense generation light.Photo emissions is to disperse randomly along all directions basically, and therefore, the part photon is along laterally penetrating the space charge region that the recombination region arrives OLED Sensor section shown in Figure 14.When photon entered the space charge region, it was right just to produce electrons/, and was divided into pointed hole photocurrent and electron photocurrent.Capacitor C2 is the photon integrator capacitor, and it is pre-charged to-10 volts.This is the electric charge of reverse bias OLED sensor.When producing photocurrent, it reduces the electric charge on the capacitor C2, because positive photon hole current is transferred to the negative terminal of capacitor C2 and the anode that negative photon-electron current delivery arrives capacitor C2.Finally, all electric charges on the C2 are produced current canceling by light.The electric capacity of capacitor C2 is normally set like this, and the high-high brightness that diode D1 produces only causes 90% capacitor discharge; So it is between the full electric charge of gray level 0 and gray level 255 that each gray level brightness of diode D1 emission makes the electric charge that stays on the capacitor C2.Actually, though this 90% discharge level working fine,, with discharge level that adopts other and the grey level range that produces correspondence.
With reference to Figure 15, Figure 15 represents to have the sensor pixel circuit of dark dhield grid of biasing and dark shielding offset line, and shows sensor, photon flux integrator and be used for the charge amplifier circuit of pickup.The embodiment of drawing single-sensor herein, however should be appreciated that to provide the embodiment that is similar to dual sensor or a plurality of sensors embodiment illustrated in fig. 11.
Used particular term is in order to understand the present invention more fully in more than describing.Yet the professional obviously knows, do not require and knows concrete details in order to put into practice the present invention.Under other situation, circuit of knowing and device are to represent with block scheme or synoptic diagram, in order to avoid disperseing notice of the present invention.Therefore, the specific descriptions to the embodiment of the invention more than are for the purpose of description.They are not exhaustive ground or limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, obviously, consider that above content is carried out various changes and variation is possible.The embodiment that chooses and describe is in order to explain the practical application of principle of the present invention and it better, thereby can make other professional utilize the present invention best, has the different embodiment of various changes to be suitable for the concrete application of being expected.Therefore, scope of the present invention is limited by following claims and suitable content thereof.
Claims (128)
1. emission pixel arrangement that integrated luminosity and input pickup are arranged, this pixel arrangement comprises:
Light-emitting device;
The pixel emitter driver circuitry is used to produce drive current with the predetermined luminance of driven for emitting lights device to correspondence image voltage, and applies drive current to light-emitting device in frame time;
At least one optical sensor, be used to show that change in electrical characteristics is with the contiguous incident photon variations of flux of response light-emitting device: (i) when light-emitting device be during at emission state, be used to intercept measurable photon flux, (ii) when light-emitting device be not during at emission state, but be used to detect the measurement of photon flux of light source outside this pixel;
Voltage, at least one in electric current and the electric charge sensing circuit is used for measuring:
(i) light sensor arrangement in during non-luminance non-launch time section first voltage that produces of the end of first, first electric current, or first electric charge, first voltage that wherein records, first electric current, or first electric charge is the measurement brightness of light emitted indication outside this pixel in the first of time period; With
(ii) light sensor arrangement during luminance in launch time section terminal second voltage that produces of second portion, second electric current, or second electric charge, second voltage that wherein records, second electric current, or second electric charge is to indicate from the measurement brightness of this pixel emission in the second portion of time period.
2. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 1, also comprise:
With at least one charge storage devices of sensors coupled, be used to accumulate or discharge electric charge and also show capacitance charge and the voltage that is directly proportional with this electric charge simultaneously; With
Control circuit is used for controlling the charging of this at least one charge storage devices and/or discharging to respond this at least one light sensor arrangement in emission state and the electrical property change at least one time period of non-emission state time period.
3. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 2, wherein control circuit control the charging of this at least one charge storage devices and/or discharge with respond this at least one light sensor arrangement at emission state and non-emission state the electrical property change in the time period.
4. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 3, wherein light sensor arrangement comprises: light responsive sensors.
5. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 4, wherein light sensor arrangement also comprises: this at least one charge storage devices.
6. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 5, wherein based on the state of charge of this at least one charge storage devices, first voltage that the measuring light sensor device produces, first electric current, or first electric charge.
7. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 6, wherein based on the state of charge of this at least one charge storage devices, second voltage that the measuring light sensor device produces, second electric current, or second electric charge.
8. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 7, wherein first launch time section be the part the display frame time, and second non-launch time section be the set that was selected from for second time period, it comprises: at least one row addressing time of part, second frame time of part is exclusively used in and measures the brightness of inciding on this pixel, and second frame time is the frame time different with very first time section, be used for the part-time section of display vertical flyback period and be used for the part-time section of display horizontal flyback time.
9. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 8, wherein this at least one charge storage devices comprises: first and second charge storage devices that separate, and wherein first charge storage devices provides in the very first time section of part from the measurement brightness indication and second charge storage devices of pixel emission the measurement brightness of inciding on this pixel indication was provided in second time period.
10. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 8, the voltage on this at least one charge storage devices wherein, electric current and electric charge representative are at the integration photon flux of partial frame in the time, and control circuit can this charge storage devices of charge or discharge in this time.
11. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 9, the voltage on this at least one charge storage devices wherein, electric current and electric charge representative are at the integration photon flux of partial frame in the time, and control circuit can this charge storage devices of charge or discharge in this time.
12. emission pixel arrangement according to claim 11, voltage wherein, electric current and electric charge sensing circuit also comprise: comparator circuit, this circuit receives voltage, the reference value of electric current or electric charge readout and target brightness, and produce the difference signal of representing object pixel brightness and measuring the difference of brightness.
13. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 12, wherein sensing circuit is configured to the charge amplifier/transimpedance amplifier of charge amplifier circuit.
14. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 8, wherein light-emitting device comprises: be selected from Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) device, electroluminescence device, the light-emitting device in plasma emission device and the set of controlled photon emitter.
15. emission pixel arrangement according to claim 8, also comprise: comparison means, be used for a plurality of pixels of comparison display and incide measurement brightness indication on this pixel to discern such position in second time period, wherein the measurement brightness in the zone is the measurement brightness that is greater than or less than adjacent or surrounding pixel predetermined amplitude.
16. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 8, wherein pixel comprises light shield, light shield is decayed at least and is incided the part photon of surround lighting on the display from external light source.
17. according to the emission pixel arrangement of claim 16, wherein light shield comprises aperture or aperture, the part photon that allows to incide surround lighting on the display from external light source enters this pixel.
18. a method that is used to operate the emission pixel arrangement of integrated luminosity and input pickup, this method comprises:
Produce electric current with the predetermined luminance of driven for emitting lights device, and in frame time, apply drive current to light-emitting device to correspondence image voltage;
At least be coupled a charge storage devices and sensor are used to accumulate or discharge electric charge and show capacitance charge and the voltage that is directly proportional with this electric charge simultaneously;
Exposed light transducer is to the photon of light-emitting device emission in very first time section with in second time period, and this transducer flex change in electrical characteristics is with the variation of response incident photon flux;
Accumulation (charging) or leak that (discharge) electric charge arrives or from this at least one charge storage devices of sensors coupled, this sensor comprises one and is used in very first time section and the second time period inner control electric charge accumulates or the element of electric charge rate of release;
The first and second time period Mos in part are measured voltage or the electric current that electric charge causes on the charge storage devices, in the very first time section of part the voltage measured or electric current be in the very first time section of part from pixel the indication of emission intrinsic brilliance and the voltage of in second time period of part, measuring or electric current be the indication of in second time period of part, inciding intrinsic brilliance on this element sensor from external light source;
Relatively from the reference target pixel intensity of the intrinsic brilliance of measuring voltage or current related pixel emission and pixel transmitter image voltage and pixel transmitter drive current to produce a difference;
Use this difference and be input to correcting circuit as feedback, this correcting circuit changes the image voltage and the drive current of same pixel in frame time subsequently; With
The intrinsic brilliance that relatively incides at least one other pixel in intrinsic brilliance and the display on the element sensor in second time period of part is to touch the position that input or light pen are imported on the identification display.
19. one kind is used for detecting and is input to more than first the separately method of the display equipment of position, addressable picture unit (pixel), these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this method comprises:
At least some location of pixels vicinities provide the photon detection element in more than first individual separately addressable pixel positions of two-dimensional array;
Detect the photon that incides on each detecting element in time period in preset detection;
Produce the detection signal of each photon detection element of corresponding detected light subnumber or energy; With
Analyze this detection signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
20. according to the method for claim 19, each detecting element in wherein a plurality of detecting elements has the corresponding OLED pixel of aiming at it.
21. according to the method for claim 19, wherein the photon detection element is adjacent with more than first each location of pixels that separates in the addressable pixel position.
22. according to the method for claim 19, wherein adjacent with each location of pixels detecting element comprises: be configured in the detecting element in each dot structure on this location of pixels.
23. method according to claim 19, wherein the photon detection element be with more than first separate in the addressable pixel position each N positions capable and the M row adjacent, and wherein N and M can be chosen for independently 1 and N is capable and M be listed as in any positive integer between the maximum pixel number.
24. according to the method for claim 19, wherein detecting element is configured in each row of display and each row on per the 10th location of pixels.
25. according to the method for claim 19, wherein display is the color monitor that a plurality of different colours pixels are arranged.
26. according to the method for claim 19, wherein the effect of detecting element is the photon flux integrator.
27. according to the method for claim 19, wherein detecting element only disposes to predetermined concrete transmitter color pixel is arranged.
28. according to the method for claim 19, wherein the configuration of detecting element is according to sensor predetermined or that dynamically determine at interval, pixel color, or other rule or irregular figures.
29. a method that is used to operate the emission pixel arrangement of integrated luminosity and input pickup, this method comprises:
Produce drive current and arrive the predetermined luminance of correspondence image voltage, and in frame time, apply drive current to light-emitting device with the light-emitting device that drives in each pixel;
An optical sensor is provided at least, this transducer flex change in electrical characteristics is to respond the contiguous incident photon variations of flux of light-emitting device in each pixel: (i) when light-emitting device be during at emission state, be used to intercept measurable photon flux, (ii) when light-emitting device be not during at emission state, but be used to detect the measurement of photon flux of light source outside this pixel;
At least read-out voltage, a result in electric current and the charge measurements, this measurement result representative:
(i) light sensor arrangement in during non-emission state non-launch time section first voltage that produces of the end of first, first electric current, or first electric charge, first voltage that wherein records, first electric current, or first electric charge is the measurement brightness of light emitted indication outside this pixel in the first of this time period; With
(ii) light sensor arrangement during emission state in launch time section second voltage that produces of the end of second portion, second electric current, or second electric charge, second voltage that wherein records, second electric current, or second electric charge is to indicate from the measurement brightness of this pixel emission in the second portion of this time period.
30. one kind is used for detecting and is input to more than first the separately method of the display equipment of position, addressable picture unit (pixel), these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this method comprises:
More than first at least some location of pixels vicinities of separating the addressable pixel position provide the photon detection element in two-dimensional array;
Detect the photon that incides on each detecting element in time period in preset detection;
Produce the detection signal of each photon detection element of corresponding detected light subnumber or energy; With
Analyze this detection signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
31. according to the method for claim 30, wherein more than first photon detection element is suitable for detecting with external user and imports incoherent background luminance amplitude and import relevant more different brightness amplitude with this user.
32. according to the method for claim 31, wherein photon emitters produces bigger brightness amplitude in the display equipment, this brightness amplitude is greater than the diffuse background brightness of inciding on the display surface.
33. method according to claim 32, wherein the photon of photon emitters emission is to be completely contained in basically in first transmission medium in the display equipment, therefore, these photons do not incide on the sensor element, penetrate but make first transmission medium of these photons from user's input position.
34. method according to claim 33, wherein showing that the total internal reflection in the flat board is completely contained in first transmission medium this photon basically between transmitter and the user, and by changing dull and stereotyped surface nature or characteristic, or the interface of planar surface becomes the 3rd medium from second media change, and these photons are penetrated from first transmission medium.
35. according to the method for claim 34, wherein second medium comprise: the gas medium and wherein the 3rd medium comprise: the non-pneumatic medium.
36. according to the method for claim 35, wherein second medium are air.
37. according to the method for claim 35, wherein the 3rd medium comprise: opaque substantially solid stylus.
38. according to the method for claim 34, the photon that wherein penetrates first medium is the object scattering that is shown outside the device, therefore, is scattered or reflects back into display and incide sensor element to the scattered photon of small part.
39. according to the method for claim 30, wherein the photon detection element is suitable for detecting the photon wavelength (energy) and the brightness amplitude of the outer photon emitters emission that stylus carries.
40. method according to claim 30, wherein the photon detection element is suitable for detecting the brightness amplitude that the outer photon emitters of carrying from stylus receives, and this brightness amplitude not have the environmental background brightness amplitude of the photon detection element reception of shining greater than outer photon emitters.
41. according to the method for claim 30, wherein the stylus outer photon emitters of carrying comprises: light pen.
42. according to the method for claim 30, its China and foreign countries' photon emitters comprises: light emitting diode (LED).
43. according to the method for claim 30, its China and foreign countries' photon emitters comprises: the incandescence photon emitters.
44. according to the method for claim 30, wherein the spectral selectivity wave filter is arranged on the light path between surround lighting light source and the detecting element.
45. according to the method for claim 44, wherein the spectral selectivity wave filter is the wave filter of basic red-emitting.
46. according to the method for claim 44, wherein surround lighting is the light (photon) of red sidelight contained in the flat board from total internal reflection and is directed into detecting element because of the variation of surface interface.
47. according to the method for claim 44, wherein surround lighting is the light (photon) that is directed into detecting element from the red laser instrument or the diode that glows.
48. according to the method for claim 44, wherein the spectral selectivity wave filter is arranged on the light path between surround lighting light source and the detecting element; The light of wavelength in the optical input device emission spectrum selective filter passband; Comprise with the photon detection element: the sensor that in the display vertical flyback period, is read out.
49. according to the method for claim 30, wherein the photon detection element is suitable for detecting photon wavelength, energy and the brightness amplitude of the outer photon emitters emission that stylus carries.
50. method according to claim 30, wherein the photon detection element is suitable for detecting the brightness amplitude that the outer photon emitters of carrying from stylus receives, and this brightness amplitude not have the environmental background brightness amplitude of the photon detection element reception of shining greater than outer photon emitters.
51. according to the method for claim 50, wherein the stylus outer photon emitters of carrying comprises: light pen.
52. according to the method for claim 50, its China and foreign countries' photon emitters comprises: light emitting diode (LED).
53. according to the method for claim 50, its China and foreign countries' photon emitters comprises: the incandescence photon emitters.
54. one kind is used for detecting to more than first the separately device of the input of the display equipment of position, addressable picture unit (pixel) arranged, these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this device comprises:
With more than first adjacent photon detection element of at least some location of pixels that separates the addressable pixel position in the two-dimensional array;
At least one testing circuit, this testing circuit detects the photon that incides on each detecting element in preset detection in the time period;
At least one metering circuit, this metering circuit produces the detection signal of each photon detection element, the number or the energy of the corresponding detected photon of this detection signal; With
Comparator circuit is used for comparison and analyzes detected signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
55. according to the device of claim 54, wherein more than first photon detection element is suitable for detecting with external user and imports incoherent background luminance amplitude and import relevant more different brightness amplitude with this user.
56. according to the device of claim 55, wherein bigger brightness amplitude is to produce from the photon emitters that is positioned at display equipment, this brightness is greater than the diffuse background brightness of inciding on the display surface.
57. device according to claim 56, wherein the photon of photon emitters emission is to be completely contained in basically in first transmission medium in the display equipment, therefore, these photons do not incide on the sensor element, penetrate but make first transmission medium of these photons from user's input position.
58. device according to claim 57, wherein showing that the total internal reflection in the flat board is completely contained in first transmission medium this photon basically between transmitter and the user, and by changing dull and stereotyped surface nature or characteristic, or the interface of planar surface becomes the 3rd medium from second media change, and these photons are penetrated from first transmission medium.
59. according to the device of claim 54, wherein the photon detection element is suitable for detecting the photon wavelength (energy) and the brightness amplitude of the outer photon emitters emission that stylus carries.
60. according to the device of claim 54, wherein the spectral selectivity wave filter is arranged on the light path between surround lighting light source and the detecting element.
61. according to the device of claim 54, wherein the spectral selectivity wave filter is arranged on the light path between surround lighting light source and the detecting element; The light of wavelength in the optical input device emission spectrum selective filter passband; Comprise with the photon detection element: the sensor that in the display vertical flyback period, is read out.
62. according to the device of claim 54, wherein the photon detection element is suitable for detecting photon wavelength, energy and the brightness amplitude of the outer photon emitters emission that stylus carries.
63. device according to claim 54, wherein the photon detection element is suitable for detecting the brightness amplitude that the outer photon emitters of carrying from stylus receives, and this brightness amplitude not have the environmental background brightness amplitude of the photon detection element reception of shining greater than outer photon emitters.
64. one kind is used for detecting to more than first the separately method of the input of the display equipment of position, addressable picture unit (pixel) arranged, these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this method comprises:
More than first at least some location of pixels vicinities of separating the addressable pixel position provide the photon detection element in two-dimensional array;
Detect the photon that incides on each detecting element in time period in preset detection;
Produce the detection signal of each photon detection element of corresponding detected light subnumber or energy; With
Analyze this detection signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
65. according to the method for claim 64, wherein two-dimensional array is arranged in the frame of multirow and multiple row;
Every row has row to write address time and frame time, and being expert at writes the address and write one-row pixels in the time, and writes all pixels of the display that comprises multirow and multiple row in frame time; With
Write the address at every row of part and read detecting element in every row in the time.
66. according to the method for claim 65, it is arbitrary mark between 0.001 and 0.9 capable addressing time that every row of wherein said part writes the address time.
67. according to the method for claim 64, wherein two-dimensional array is arranged in the frame of multirow and multiple row;
Every row has row to write the address time and writes frame time, and being expert at writes the address writes one-row pixels and write the display that comprises multirow and multiple row in writing frame time in the time all pixels;
Every row has row to read the address time, at this moment between in read delegation's detecting element and row and read the address time and occur in the sensor that separates with the pixel transmitter write time and read in the frame time; With
Read the address at a plurality of row and read each row detecting element in the time, and with write that frame time is nonoverlapping to be read in the frame time, read frame time and be exclusively used in and read a plurality of detecting elements.
68. according to the method for claim 64, wherein read to read in the frame time a plurality of detecting elements at the sensor of special use, sensor is read frame time and is occurred over just after the predetermined input of display screen reception.
69. according to the method for claim 68, wherein Yu Ding input comprises: with the actual contact of display screen surface.
70. according to the method for claim 69, wherein actual contact comprises: the actual touch of finger.
71. according to the method for claim 69, wherein actual contact comprises: the actual touch of instrument.
72. according to the method for claim 64, wherein Yu Ding input comprises: photon flux or the brightness predetermined amplitude on the part display screen surface changes.
73. according to the method for claim 64, wherein Yu Ding input comprises: the contactless variation of display screen surface proximity parameter.
74. according to the method for claim 73, wherein contactless variation is selected from following one group variation, it comprises: local temperature changes, electric capacity or concentration of electric charges change, magnetic flux change, any combination of two or more variations during photon flux that the part is higher or lower or brightness and these change.
75., wherein read detecting element in the vertical flyback period section between the display frame in succession at two according to the method for claim 64.
76. according to the method for claim 75, wherein detecting element is to be read by the separately pickup wire that is used to read pixel emission brightness, and separately the reading of touch sensor line traffic control sensor by transistor gate control.
77., wherein between two row write, read detecting element in the display horizontal flyback time section according to the method for claim 64.
78. according to the method for claim 64, wherein this method is provided for a plurality of first detecting elements of the integration photon flux that detects the display picture element photo emissions and produce remarked pixel brightness; With a plurality of second detecting elements that are used to detect at least one external touch input and exterior light input and produce the signal of this input of expression.
79. one kind is used for detecting to more than first the separately device of the input of the display equipment of position, addressable picture unit (pixel) arranged, these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this device comprises:
With more than first adjacent photon detection element of at least some location of pixels that separates the addressable pixel position in the two-dimensional array;
At least one testing circuit, this testing circuit detects the photon that incides on each detecting element in preset detection in the time period;
At least one metering circuit, this metering circuit produces the detection signal of each photon detection element, the number or the energy of the corresponding detected photon of this detection signal; With
Comparator circuit is used for comparison and analyzes detected signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
80. according to the device of claim 79, wherein two-dimensional array is arranged in the frame of multirow and multiple row;
Every row has row to write address time and frame time, and being expert at writes the address writes one-row pixels and write the display that comprises multirow and multiple row in frame time in the time all pixels; With
Write the address at every row of part and read detecting element in every row in the time.
81. according to the device of claim 79, wherein two-dimensional array is arranged in the frame of multirow and multiple row;
Every row has row to write the address time and writes frame time, and being expert at writes the address writes one-row pixels and write the display that comprises multirow and multiple row in writing frame time in the time all pixels;
Every row has row to read the address time, at this moment between in read delegation's detecting element, and row is read the address time and is occurred in the sensor that separates with the pixel transmitter write time and read in the frame time; With
Detecting elements of all row are to read the address at a plurality of row to be read in the time, with write that frame time is nonoverlapping to be read in the frame time, read frame time and be exclusively used in and read a plurality of detecting elements.
82. according to the device of claim 79, wherein read to read in the frame time a plurality of detecting elements at the sensor of special use, sensor is read frame time and is occurred over just display screen and receive after the predetermined input.
83. according to the device of claim 82, wherein Yu Ding input comprises: with the actual contact of display screen surface.
84. according to the device of claim 79, wherein Yu Ding input comprises: photon flux or the brightness predetermined amplitude on the part display screen surface changes.
85. according to the device of claim 79, wherein Yu Ding input comprises: the contactless variation of display screen surface proximity parameter; And contactless variation is to be selected from following one group variation, and it comprises: local temperature changes, and electric capacity or concentration of electric charges change, magnetic flux change, any combination of two or more variations during photon flux that the part is higher or lower or brightness and these change.
86. device according to claim 79, wherein read detecting element in the vertical flyback period section between the display frame in succession at two, and detecting element is to read by being used to read the pickup wire that pixel emission brightness separates, and separately the reading of touch sensor line traffic control sensor by transistor gate control.
87., wherein read detecting element in the display horizontal flyback time section between two row write according to the device of claim 79.
88. according to the device of claim 79, wherein this device also comprises: a plurality of first detecting elements are used to the integration photon flux that detects the display picture element photo emissions and produce remarked pixel brightness; With a plurality of second detecting elements, be used to detect at least one external touch input and exterior light input and produce the signal of this input of expression.
89. the emission pixel display device that the type of a plurality of pixels is arranged, each pixel have light-emitting device and produce the driving circuit of drive signal with the driving display pixel, the feature of emission pixel display device is:
At least one photon sensor is arranged in the display equipment pixel, its work is the environment photon that detects light emitted outside the photon of this pixel internal launcher emission and this display equipment, the internal emission photon that detects is used for the display brightness FEEDBACK CONTROL, and the environment photon that detects is used to detect external light source or shade is input to display.
90. the emission pixel display device according to claim 89 type is characterized in that, this at least one photon sensor is a single-sensor in each pixel, the photon of this sensor internal launcher emission and the environment photon of external light source.
91. emission pixel display device according to claim 90 type, it is characterized in that, this at least one photon sensor comprises at least in each pixel: the first sensor and second sensor, first sensor detects the photon of internal launcher emission, and the environment photon of the second sensor external light source.
92. the emission pixel display device according to claim 91 type is characterized in that, this transmitter comprises: Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), and this at least one sensor comprises: OLED.
93. the emission pixel display device according to claim 90 type is characterized in that, this at least one photon sensor comprises: show that resistivity or conductivity variations incide the photon sensor of photon variations of flux on this sensor with response.
94. emission pixel display device according to claim 93 type, it is characterized in that, this at least one photon sensor is coupled to charge storage devices, with this charge storage devices with different speed charge or discharge, it depends on the resistivity or the conductivity of sensor, therefore, the measurement result that electric charge is derived from the charge storage devices can provide the indication of a period of time integrates photon flux and brightness.
95. in the emission pixel display device of the type that a plurality of pixels are arranged, each pixel has light-emitting device and receives from the drive signal of driving circuit with the driving display pixel, a kind of method of operation display device is characterized in that,
At least one photon sensor is arranged in each display equipment pixel;
The work of each display picture element is, this at least one photon sensor detects the environment photon of light emitted outside the photon of optical transmitting set emission in this pixel and the display equipment;
Utilize the internal emission photon that detects at least as the component of FEEDBACK CONTROL, control the brightness of each pixel; With
Utilize the measurement result that detects external light source, detect external user and be input to pixel display device.
96. emission pixel display device according to claim 95 type, wherein the feature of this method is, at least one photon sensor of in each pixel this is a single-sensor, the photon of this sensor internal launcher emission and the environment photon of external light source.
97. emission pixel display device according to claim 96 type, wherein the feature of this method is, at least one photon sensor of in each pixel this comprises at least: the first sensor and second sensor, first sensor detects the photon of internal launcher emission, and the environment photon of the second sensor external light source.
98. according to the emission pixel display device of claim 97 type, wherein the feature of this method is that transmitter comprises: Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), and this at least one sensor comprises: OLED.
99. according to the emission pixel display device of claim 95 type, the feature of this method is that this at least one photon sensor comprises: the photon sensor of photon variations of flux on this sensor is incided in the variation of displaying resistivity or conductivity with response.
100. emission pixel display device according to claim 98 type, the feature of this method is, this at least one photon sensor is coupled to charge storage devices, with charge storage devices with different speed charge or discharge, it depends on the resistivity or the conductivity of sensor, therefore, the measurement result that electric charge is derived from the charge storage devices provides the indication of a period of time integrates photon flux and brightness.
101. an emission pixel display device comprises:
Be arranged in a plurality of light-emitting devices of two-dimensional array as display screen;
The pixel emitter driver circuitry is used to drive a plurality of light-emitting devices to predetermined luminance;
At least one optical sensor relevant with each light-emitting device, this transducer flex change in electrical characteristics is with the variation of response incident photon: (i) when light-emitting device be during at emission state, be used to intercept photon, (ii) when light-emitting device be not during at emission state, be used to detect the photon of light source outside this pixel;
Voltage, at least one in electric current and the electric charge sensing circuit is used for measuring:
(i) first electrical quantity relevant with the optical sensor of non-launch time, this parameter is as the indication of the brightness of light emitted outside pixel and the display; With
The second (ii) relevant electrical quantity with the optical sensor of launch time, this parameter as in pixel and the display from the indication of the brightness of this pixel emission.
102. one kind is used for detecting to more than first the separately method of the input of the display equipment of position, addressable picture unit (pixel) arranged, these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this method comprises:
More than first at least some location of pixels vicinities of separating the addressable pixel position provide the photon detection element in two-dimensional array;
Detect the photon that incides on each detecting element in time period in preset detection;
Produce the detection signal of each photon detection element of corresponding detected light subnumber or energy; With
Analyze detected signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
103. according to the method for claim 102, wherein separate addressable pixel and comprise light shield, it is decayed at least and incides part photon on the display from the surround lighting of external light source.
104. according to the method for claim 102, wherein light shield comprises: opaque substantially metal level.
105. according to the method for claim 102, wherein light shield comprises the remodeling contiguous with each photon detection element, therefore, the decay of surround lighting is less than the decay of light shield peripheral part.
106. according to the method for claim 105, wherein remodeling is the aperture in the light shield on each location of pixels, this aperture allows the photon of external light source to incide on the photon detection element.
107. according to the method for claim 106, wherein the area in this aperture is less than the area of photon detection element.
108. according to the method for claim 106, wherein this aperture comprises: the aperture in the light shield.
109. method according to claim 102, wherein each separates addressable location of pixels and also comprises: the photon emitters that the substantially transparent substrate surface is supported, and comprise one deck and be clipped in luminescent material between first opaque electrode and second transparency electrode, this luminescent material is luminous downwards by transparency electrode with by the substantially transparent substrate; And be arranged on photon detection element between photon emitters and the substrate, be used to intercept part photon from the photon emitters emission.
110. according to the method for claim 109, wherein this transmitter comprises: the OLED transmitter.
111. method according to claim 102, wherein each separates addressable location of pixels and also comprises: the photon emitters that substrate surface is supported, and comprise one deck and be clipped in luminescent material between first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode, this luminescent material makes progress and luminously passes through first transparency electrode and downwards by second transparency electrode and arrive substrate; And be arranged on photon detection element between photon emitters and the substrate, be used to intercept from the photon emitters part photon of emission downwards.
112. method according to claim 111, wherein each separates addressable location of pixels and also comprises: the photon emitters that substrate surface is supported, and comprise one deck and be clipped in luminescent material between first transparency electrode and second opaque electrode, this luminescent material makes progress luminous by first transparency electrode be transmitted into second opaque electrode and reflection is upwards returned by first transparency electrode downwards; Photon detection element with being arranged on the photon emitters vicinity is used to intercept the part photon from the photon emitters emitted transverse.
113. according to the method for claim 112, wherein this transmitter comprises: the OLED transmitter.
114. according to the method for claim 102, wherein more than first photon detection element is suitable for detecting with external user and imports incoherent background luminance amplitude and import relevant different brightness amplitudes with this user.
115. according to the method for claim 114, wherein this different brightness amplitude is bigger brightness amplitude.
116. according to the method for claim 115, wherein this bigger brightness amplitude is to be produced by the outer photon emitters that is positioned at outside the display equipment, its brightness amplitude is greater than the diffuse background brightness of inciding on the display surface.
117., should difference brightness amplitude be less brightness amplitude wherein according to the method for claim 115.
118. method according to claim 117, wherein this less brightness amplitude be by transmissivity less than 100% and be arranged on the contiguous passive attenuation object of display surface and produce, this object produces shade and stops or decay and incides part diffuse background brightness on the display surface.
119. according to the method for claim 118, wherein the passive attenuation object comprises: opaque substantially object.
120. according to the method for claim 118, wherein the passive attenuation object comprises: opaque substantially tip stylus.
121. according to the method for claim 118, wherein the passive attenuation object comprises: form of a stroke or a combination of strokes object.
122. according to the method for claim 118, wherein the passive attenuation object comprises: outside finger.
123. one kind is used for detecting to more than first the separately device of the input of the display equipment of position, addressable picture unit (pixel) arranged, these location of pixels are arranged in two-dimensional array, and this device comprises:
With more than first adjacent photon detection element of at least some location of pixels that separates the addressable pixel position in the two-dimensional array;
At least one testing circuit, this testing circuit detects the photon that incides on each detecting element in preset detection in the time period;
At least one metering circuit, this metering circuit produce the detection signal of each photon detection element of corresponding detected photon number or energy; With
Comparator circuit is used for comparison and analyzes detected signal to discern the location of pixels that at least one has received input.
124. according to the device of claim 123, wherein:
Separate addressable pixel and comprise light shield, its external light source of decaying at least incides the part photon of surround lighting on the display;
Light shield comprises: opaque substantially metal level, and comprise the remodeling adjacent with each photon detection element, therefore, the decay of surround lighting is less than the decay of light shield peripheral part; With
Remodeling is the aperture in the light shield on each location of pixels, and this aperture allows the photon of external light source to incide on the photon detection element.
125. device according to claim 123, wherein each separates addressable location of pixels and also comprises: the photon emitters that the substantially transparent substrate surface is supported, and comprise one deck and be clipped in luminescent material between first opaque electrode and second transparency electrode, this luminescent material is luminous downwards by transparency electrode and the substrate by substantially transparent; And be arranged on photon detection element between photon emitters and the substrate, be used to intercept part photon from the photon emitters emission.
126. device according to claim 123, wherein each separates addressable location of pixels and also comprises: the photon emitters that substrate surface is supported, and comprise one deck and be clipped in luminescent material between first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode, this luminescent material makes progress and luminously passes through first transparency electrode and downwards by second transparency electrode and arrive substrate; And be arranged on photon detection element between photon emitters and the substrate, be used to intercept from the photon emitters part photon of emission downwards.
127. device according to claim 123, wherein each separates addressable location of pixels and also comprises: the photon emitters that substrate surface is supported, and comprise one deck and be clipped in luminescent material between first transparency electrode and second opaque electrode, this luminescent material makes progress luminous by first transparency electrode with arrive second opaque electrode and reflection is returned by first transparency electrode downwards; Photon detection element with being arranged on the photon emitters vicinity is used to intercept the part photon from the photon emitters emitted transverse.
128. according to the device of claim 123, wherein more than first photon detection element is suitable for detecting with external user and imports incoherent background luminance amplitude and import relevant different brightness amplitudes with this user; With
This different brightness amplitude can be bigger or less brightness amplitude.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US54735804P | 2004-02-24 | 2004-02-24 | |
| US60/547,358 | 2004-02-24 | ||
| US60/583,744 | 2004-06-29 | ||
| US11/015,638 | 2004-12-17 |
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| CN1922470A true CN1922470A (en) | 2007-02-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200580005817 Pending CN1922470A (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-08 | Penlight and touch screen data input system and method for flat panel displays |
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