CN1805354A - Remote rendering based three-dimensional model network distribution method - Google Patents
Remote rendering based three-dimensional model network distribution method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a publish method for three-dimensional model network based on remote romance. The invention comprises: storing high accurate model in the romance server; the three-dimensional browser of client terminal only provides large simple coarse model; user can zoom, move, and rotate said model at the client model to select best sight point; when user stops the operation, the client terminal sends a romance request to the server while said request contains the information as present sight point, direction and illumination condition; the server according to the request of client terminal processes the romance and returns the photo of high accurate model. Since the sensitive high accurate model is stored in the client terminal, the invention has safety advantage; since the client terminal and the server exchange the photo whose average size is 30KB only when the user stops the operation, the invention has lower demand for network; and the client terminal only romance simple model without needing high graphic property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the threedimensional model abbreviation, the three-dimensional model network distribution method of the technology, particularly a kind of remote rendering of three-dimensional data safety and remote rendering aspect is applied to the network issue of various threedimensional models.In addition, also be applied to the network issue of rare cultural relics threedimensional model in the digital museum.
Background technology
For obtaining the simplification version model of client, need carry out abbreviation to the high accuracy three-dimensional model.The research of threedimensional model abbreviation, at first since people's such as Schroeder in 1992 vertex deletion method, Hoppe has proposed the grid optimization method of energy function in 1993, Cohen has proposed to simplify the method for big envelope in 1996, Garland has proposed the method for second order error in its thesis for the doctorate.
The three-dimensional data secure context, present most of research both domestic and external all concentrates on the grid digital watermark technology.In computer graphics, object is usually described with triangular mesh model.The 3-dimensional digital digital watermark is exactly the information of embed hiding in the triangular mesh data, and these information are normally invisible maybe can not be examined, but can be detected or extract by some calculating operations.Watermark and source grid data are combined closely and are hidden wherein, become the grid data inalienable part, and can experience some not destroy the operation of source data use value or commercial value and survive.Therefore, the owner of three-dimensional data can show ownership and prove copy right piracy by detecting watermark data.There are a large amount of papers to describe the grid digital watermark method that embedding hides Info in threedimensional model in recent years, the outstanding mesh watermarking algorithm that utilizes multiresolution analysis that Praun is arranged, people such as Ohbuchi propose based on the three-dimensional watermarking algorithm of expansion frequency domain transform etc.But all three-dimensional digital watermarks all have a fatal weakness: it can only prove copy right piracy after data are stolen, and can't prevent the attack to three-dimensional data in advance.
Remote rendering system is a kind of Client/Server structure.The common customer end is responsible for accepting user's input and is sent the request of playing up accordingly to server, and the server of high graphics performance is responsible for playing up and the client that an image that obtains is returned to the request of transmission is shown.The purpose of most remote rendering systems of having realized all is that solution client machine graphics performance is low, can't satisfy the problem of playing up requirement.The research of Levoy and Yoon provides playing up between the server and client side and has distributed the tailor-made algorithm of playing up load and transfer of data effectively.The researcher Koller of Stanford University has carried out detail analysis to various attack meanses at graphics pipeline, has investigated the pluses and minuses of existing various preventive means, and to have proposed a kind of be the remote rendering system of main target with the three-dimensional data protection.
Aspect the three-dimensional modeling data Network Transmission, the Network Transmission of traditional single resolution model is taked the pattern of " download earlier, show ", and all related datas that are about to threedimensional model all download to client and show afterwards again.The weak point of this mode is that the user need wait for the oversize time.And at first transmit a rough model to client and demonstration at once by the grid transmission method that goes forward one by one that Hoppe takes the lead in proposing, and then a series of optimization information of transmission gradually, initial rough model is carried out refinement, if and the user can stop transmission when thinking that the fine degree of model has met the requirements of at any time.Though this transmission mode makes the user can see the demonstration of model very soon, the user still will wait for a long time just can see meticulous modelling effect.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the method based on the threedimensional model network issue of remote rendering that provides that a kind of fail safe is good, low to network bandwidth requirement, low to the 3-D graphic performance requirement of client machine, the transmission time is short.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of three-dimensional model network distribution method based on remote rendering is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) the high accuracy model is kept on the remote rendering server;
(2) user of remote rendering client carries out convergent-divergent according to the rough model of simplifying that three-dimensional browser provides, and best observation viewpoint is selected in interactive operations such as translation and rotation;
(3) when user's shut-down operation, user end to server sends one and plays up request, comprises information such as user's current viewpoint, direction and illumination condition in this request;
(4) the remote rendering server is played up according to the request of the above-mentioned information of Terminal Server Client, obtains high-resolution rendering image;
(5) above-mentioned high-resolution rendering image is sent to the remote rendering client, client is replaced the rendering image of the low resolution of current relevant position with it.
Also on the remote rendering server, carry out the operation of three-dimensional data data security protection method, main operational steps:
(1) log analysis, the remote rendering server identifies each client-side program, and follows the tracks of and monitor the request sequence of playing up that each client sends with this;
(2) request of playing up is provided with restriction;
(3) noise jamming of adding same kind in image.
The present invention compares with existing dissemination method and has the following advantages:
1. safe:
Compare with the 3D model delivery system of at present popular " download earlier, show ", system of the present invention has inborn security advantages---and the archetype data that need protection are kept at server end, the image that has only 2D that client receives.Though client also has the model of a scaled-down version, modelling contracted calculation of the present invention can be specified the degree of roughness of abbreviation.For one 1,000,000 polygon even ten million polygonal initial model, when the polygon about its abbreviation to 10000, though also have basic contour feature, can lose most local details, do not had the value of any piracy basically.
2. low to network bandwidth requirement:
The pattern of traditional " download earlier, show " must download to client to all model datas earlier for display model.Therefore it is subjected to the restriction maximum of the network bandwidth, surpasses 1,000,000 polygonal threedimensional models easily for scale, and this pattern can't be used at all.
Develop the transmission technology of going forward one by one rapidly recent years " download earlier, show " pattern has been carried out important improvement.This method is at first transmitted the very little coarse base net lattice of data volume and is given client, client can show after receiving the base net lattice immediately, server continues to send the optimization information to the base net lattice then, the display effect of client is also meticulous gradually, till end of transmission or user please oneself to the model fineness.This method greatly reduces the stand-by period that the user sees initial demonstration, but in order to see gratifying meticulous effect, the user still has to wait for for a long time.
Traditional remote rendering system is not transferred to client to three-dimensional modeling data, presents to being actually by server of user in client and plays up the image stream that obtains according to user's input of client.In order to obtain real-time mutual effect in client, image stream needs to reach 30fps at least.According to our experiment, the rendering image size after the compression on average is about 30KB, and then the data traffic of client and server end approximately is 900KB/s; Even as described in the 4.2.4 joint, server is played up performance and approximately had only 16fps, data traffic still reaches considerable 480KB/s, and this remains a white elephant for general network condition of today.
And the key data that the present invention is transmitted between the server and client side is a view data, and according to our experiment statistics, the jpeg image mean size that server sends is about 30KB.We can suppose reasonably that the user uses mouse to handle model 60 times at the average per minute of client.This user's network traffic is 30KB * 60/60=30KB/s so.
Faint like this data volume for the present network bandwidth without any problem.
3. the graphics performance to client requires low:
Method and the progressive transmission method " downloading earlier, show " all are to give client whole tasks of playing up to finish.Therefore in order to reach gratifying rendering effect, client machine must dispose high performance graphic hardware.
Traditional remote rendering method is in order to solve the problem a little less than the client graphics performance and be born.Client only need show the image of two dimension, and nearly all PC can easily be competent at.
System of the present invention has handed to server to the work of playing up the high accuracy model equally, and client machine only needs the most basic 3D graphics performance can be competent at the work of playing up the compact version model.Test shows, for the model about 10000 tri patch, uses the GeForce2 video card that emerged before 5 years can both reach the above refresh rate of 30fps.Can think that present mainstream model can satisfy the graphics performance requirement of client fully.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that three-dimensional model network distribution method of the present invention is realized schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the low resolution model image (5000 triangle) of client of the present invention;
The high-resolution models image that Fig. 3 transmits for server of the present invention (1,000,000 triangle).
Embodiment
The present invention adopts the Client-Server pattern, and implementation structure as shown in Figure 1.
1. client
The user can observe threedimensional model by the three-dimensional client browser that system provides.Comprise a scaled-down version threedimensional model that resolution is very low in the client-side program, interactive operations such as the user can be rotated this rough model, convergent-divergent, translation.When user's shut-down operation (program has stopped operation by the MouseUp message detection to the user), client-side program sends one by network to the remote rendering server and plays up request, comprises the transformation matrix of active user's viewpoint position, direction and control threedimensional model state in the request; High-resolution rendering image is played up and obtained to server according to these information to the high accuracy model of server end, sends to client then, and client is replaced current low resolution rendering effect with it, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Under the low network environment that postpones, user's sensation is just as operating a high-resolution model.The threedimensional model of a historical relic usually surpasses 1,000,000 triangles, about scaled-down version model that client is used is generally by abbreviation to 5000 triangle.
2. server
2.1 rendering module
The function of the rendering module of remote rendering server is according to the request of client the high accuracy model of server end to be played up, and obtains the image of a panel height definition.In order to improve the response speed of server, in server program, used the technology of playing up of soft or hard combination, mainly comprise:
(1) rendering order of frequent use or change status command are stored as display list to reduce the number of times of access memory.
(2) utilize the VBO of OpenGL to expand storage such as the summit of model, texture coordinate, normal vector, colors in the high-performance video memory of graphics card.Because the speed of GPU visit video memory is higher than the speed of access memory far away, therefore can bring bigger performance boost.
Take after the above-mentioned acceleration scheme, when rendering module was played up 1,000,000 polygonal models on the machine of P4 3.0G/Radeon9800Pro, average speed was brought up to 45fps from 24fps.
2.2 rendering image retaking of a year or grade and compression
After the information that server provides according to client was played up, the image that obtains was kept in the frame buffer (Framebuffer) with the pixel form usually, and server need go out these pixel informations and send to client from the frame buffer retaking of a year or grade.In this process, need to solve two problems: first, frame buffer belongs to on-screen buffer, it must be with the binding of the window of a reality, therefore all be subjected to the restriction of this window in every respect, such as size, pixel format or the like, if the window of binding is blocked by other window, also can destroy the image information that is kept in the frame buffer.For overcoming these drawbacks, adopt P-Buffer in the server as the target cache of playing up.P-Buffer is the standard A RB expansion of OpenGL, belongs to off-screen buffer, and it is not bound with real window, is sightless.Server program can freely be provided with attributes such as the size, pixel format of P-Buffer as required and can not be subjected to any restriction.The second, the picture format that reads from buffer memory is the bmp form of every pixel 4 bytes, and one 800 * 600 image size is about 2MB, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of Network Transmission.Therefore, must compress image.This paper has selected general jpeg image compression standard.The condensing routine that the present invention realizes can following the image compression that from frame buffer, reads of prerequisite that guarantees picture quality to 20KB to 40KB.
2.3 communication thread and management thereof
In order to improve the concurrent degree of system, satisfy the request of playing up as much as possible, server program has adopted the realization of multithread mode.Server is set up a communication thread for each client, is responsible for receiving the request of playing up from this client, and reads information such as viewpoint, window size, model state from the request of playing up, and offers rendering module; Play up the jpeg image of being responsible for again compression is obtained after finishing according to these information at rendering module and send it back client.Obviously, rendering module and image buffer storage are critical resources, and the present invention has taked first the thread scheduling strategy of service earlier.
3. threedimensional model abbreviation and transmission
This method adopts based on the Mesh simplification algorithm of second order error tolerance carries out abbreviation to threedimensional model.This algorithm uses quadratic matrix to keep the approximate error on surface, by recursively the abbreviation to grid being realized to compressing (contraction of vertex pairs) in the summit.
The basic operation of algorithm is the summit to compression, is about to 2 vertex v
1, v
2Synthetic vertex v: (v
1, v
2) → v, different with gridding contracted calculations such as edge contractions is v
1, v
2Can be 2 adjacent summits, i.e. (v
1, v
2) be that a limit of triangle gridding (as Fig. 1 a), also can be non-conterminous two summits (as Fig. 1 b), thereby realize assembling the support of (aggregation).
Algorithm at first needs to select the summit to (v
1, v
2), one of rule is that effective summit is right below satisfying:
1) v
1, v
2) be a limit of grid;
2) | v
1-v
2||＜t, wherein t is given parameter threshold.
Afterwards, need be according to error metrics to effective summit to deleting merging, the measure of error is as follows: at first distribute one 4 * 4 matrix Q for each summit, summit V=[v
x, v
y, v
z, 1]
TSecond order error be defined as Δ (v)=V
TQV, on each summit to compression (v
1, v
2After the) → v, distribute error metrics matrix Q '=Q for new vertex v
1+ Q
2The error of bringing according to the right compression in each summit is selected suitable compressing like this.
Δ (v) be defined as summit ν to the square distance of the face that is attached thereto and, its derivation is as follows:
Wherein,
For initial mesh, Q is 0, because all points are all on the face that is adjacent, so its distance is 0.
The high-precision three-dimensional historical relic model that uses spatial digitizer to obtain all comprises usually and surpasses 1,000,000 triangles.Utilize above-mentioned modelling contracted calculation with its abbreviation during to the 5000 triangle left and right sides, the local detail of model greatly reduces, but still has more intactly kept initial geometric properties.
The roughcast type of client can adopt one of following two kinds of methods to issue:
1) model is encapsulated in the client, issues with client-side program;
2) the roughcast type also leaves in the server, and client is set up with being connected of server and downloaded afterwards.
4. the security precautions technology of delivery system
Compare with the 3D model delivery system of at present popular " download earlier, show ", the system of this paper has inborn security advantages---and the archetype data that need protection are kept at server end, the image that has only 2D that client receives.Though client also has the model of a scaled-down version, our modelling contracted calculation can be specified the degree of roughness of abbreviation.For one 1,000,000 polygon even ten million polygonal initial model, when the polygon about its abbreviation to 10000, though also have basic contour feature, can lose most local details, do not had the value of any piracy basically.
But, must consider that also the high speed development of present computer vision provides from the possibility of 2D image reconstruction 3D model.In order to prevent that the 2D image that potential assailant uses server to provide from coming the initial threedimensional model of reconstruct, server has been taked the measure of following strick precaution reconstruct:
4.1 log analysis
Server identifies each client-side program, and follows the tracks of and monitor the request sequence of playing up that each client sends with this.By the Analysis server daily record, can identify those suspicious request sequences, for example in the unit interval, send thundering a large amount of request or other suspicious behavior.
4.2 the request of playing up is provided with restriction
In order to prevent that further the assailant from utilizing a large amount of 2D images that obtain from client to carry out 3D reconstruct, can carry out some restrictions to observation condition, promptly model is provided with the zone of " No Visitors ", forbid the observer at some regional observation model, thereby make the assailant can't reconstruct complete model.
Method for limiting is set in two steps, the first step is the position that definite model surface need be observed restriction, second step was that the central point with model is the summit, view frustums of position projection of in the first step, determining, and any request of playing up that falls in this view frustums all is limited.The advantage of this method is simple, implements easily.
4.3 noise jamming
In the current computation vision algorithm that generally uses, noise jamming tends to seriously reduce the quality of reconstruct.Therefore can in image, add the noise jamming of same kind targetedly at this weakness of reconstruct attack, to strengthen the difficulty of reconstruct.The interference that adds is viewed as prerequisite not influence the user, but being enough to counterweight is configured to serious obstruction.Interference and the distortion used in the system comprise: disturb the observation parameter of playing up, disturb the illumination parameter of playing up.
The method and the step that add noise jamming:
Disturb to observe parameter: server end receives after the observation parameter that client transmits, and can introduce an interference value minutely randomly in transformation matrix, introduce this interference value can cause to model fine rotate, translation or convergent-divergent ground effect.In order to guarantee that the user can not discover these interference effects by naked eyes, for this interference value is provided with a maximum.In practical operation, can this maximum be set to a ratio of model actual size, as 1/10000.
Disturb illumination parameter: the method for disturbing illumination parameter is to similar to the method for observing parameter.For the direction of illumination of user, introduce a small interference value in the client appointment.In order to guarantee that the user can not set this interference value and be generally less than 5 ° by being observed visually these interference effects.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of three-dimensional model network distribution method based on remote rendering is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) the high accuracy model is kept on the remote rendering server;
(2) user of remote rendering client carries out convergent-divergent, interactive operations such as translation and rotation according to the rough model of simplifying that three-dimensional browser provides;
(3) when user's shut-down operation, user end to server sends one and plays up request, comprises information such as user's current viewpoint, direction and illumination condition in this request;
(4) the remote rendering server is played up according to the request of the above-mentioned information of Terminal Server Client, obtains high-resolution rendering image;
(5) above-mentioned high-resolution rendering image is sent to the remote rendering client, client is replaced the rendering image of the low resolution of current relevant position with it.
2, the three-dimensional model network distribution method based on remote rendering according to claim 1 is characterized in that: carry out the operation of three-dimensional data data security protection method on the remote rendering server, main operational steps:
(1) log analysis, the remote rendering server identifies each client-side program, and follows the tracks of and monitor the request sequence of playing up that each client sends with this;
(2) request of playing up is provided with restriction;
(3) noise jamming of adding same kind in image.
3, the three-dimensional model network distribution method based on remote rendering according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described server is played up the high accuracy model of server end according to the request of playing up of client, obtain high-resolution rendering image, and with P-Buffer as the storage of the target cache played up, reading images and image compressed from buffer memory sends to client then.
4, the three-dimensional model network distribution method based on remote rendering according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the high accuracy model is played up by rendering module in the described step (4) realizes that step is:
(1) rendering order of frequent use or change status command are stored as display list to reduce the number of times of access memory.
(2) utilize the VBO of OpenGL to expand storage such as the summit of model, texture coordinate, normal vector, colors in the high-performance video memory of graphics card.
5, a kind of three-dimensional model network distribution method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the method that in the described step (5) high-resolution rendering image is sent to client realizes that for adopting threedimensional model abbreviation algorithm concrete steps are:
(1) select the summit to v
1, v
2, one of rule is that effective summit is right below satisfying:
A. (v
1, v
2) be a limit of grid;
B.||v
1-v
2||＜t, wherein t is given parameter threshold;
(2) according to the error metrics method to effective summit to deleting merging, the measure of error is as follows:
A. distribute one 4 * 4 matrix Q for each summit;
B. summit V=[v
x, v
y, v
z, 1]
TSecond order error be defined as Δ (v)=V
TQV, on each summit to compression (v
1, v
2After the) → v, distribute error metrics matrix Q '=Q for new vertex v
1+ Q
2
6, a kind of three-dimensional model network distribution method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the roughcast type of the client in the described step (3) adopts one of following two kinds of methods to issue:
(1) the roughcast type is encapsulated in the client, issues with client-side program;
(2) the roughcast type leaves in the server, and client is set up with being connected of server and downloaded afterwards.
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