CN1786910A - BIOS on-line upgrading method - Google Patents
BIOS on-line upgrading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1786910A CN1786910A CN 200410096881 CN200410096881A CN1786910A CN 1786910 A CN1786910 A CN 1786910A CN 200410096881 CN200410096881 CN 200410096881 CN 200410096881 A CN200410096881 A CN 200410096881A CN 1786910 A CN1786910 A CN 1786910A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BIOS on-line upgrading device, comprising: a single plate, which comprises a ROM for storing BIOS program and at least two flash memories for storing two extended BIOS programs; a device stored with a upgrading-version BIOS program, connected with the single plate to upgrade the low-version BIOS programs in the flash memories through the channels such as network interface and serial interface. The invention also discloses a BIOS on-line upgrading method, comprising the steps of: if there is a new version BIOS program, judging the extended BIOS programs in the flash memories are valid: if valid, selecting the lower-version BIOS programs for upgrading; otherwise selecting arbitrary invalid BIOS programs for upgrading. Because of the two latest version BIOS programs, even if the on-line upgrading fails, it will normally start up the communication equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for upgrading software, relate in particular to a kind of BIOS online upgrading method.
Background technology
In communication facilities, employed system all is an embedded system usually, and in embedded system, the function of a communication facilities is finished in each system or the module division of labor.All have bios program and host service program in than complicated embedded system, bios program is used for the startup guiding of system, and the host service program is finished specific business function.
Bios program is first section program of CPU electrifying startup, and general employing burning sheet device in rom chip, is attached to the bios program programming on the veneer with rom chip then, therefore, because bios program in rom chip, so bios program has ardware feature, is not easy to upgrading by programming.
Yet, in than complicated embedded system, bios program will be finished more function, bios program in the general communication facilities will be finished the initialization and the driving of CPU mini system, the startup of embedded OS, the work such as driving of serial port of a board network interface, most bios program also will be realized the loading passage of business software, reach work such as loaded with traffic software, therefore, the scale of the pairing bios program of these functions also is bigger, and, also might there be problems such as imperfection in bios program, at this moment, when the equipment that has above-mentioned bios program is used on market, how to solve the problem that exists in the bios program, just become a problem that urgency is to be solved.Will revise the problem in the bios program in the time can not carrying out the BIOS online upgrading, or equipment or veneer are return manufacturer, manufacturer is programming bios program and delivery again, change the chip that has bios program at the scene, therefore, not only labor intensive, material resources, and inconvenient.
In order to realize the BIOS online upgrading, as shown in Figure 1, the method of existing a kind of BIOS online upgrading is to keep a bios program of finishing by programming in the rom chip that burns sheet, in addition, also preserve a bios program among the Flash on veneer (a kind of non-volatile storage medium), this part bios program writes in the time of can be by online upgrading.Two parts of bios program basically identicals, but it is slightly variant, in step 11, the program that bios program among the ROM always powers on and moves at the beginning, program in step 12, goes to judge whether the BIOS among the Flash is effective at once behind the intact CPU of initialization, if effectively, in step 13, then program pointer is jumped among the Flash, in Flash, get the instruction operation of bios program, if program is invalid, in step 14, then continue in ROM the instruction fetch operation, no matter the instruction operation in getting Flash is still got the instruction operation among the ROM, follow-up program operation process is consistent, no longer describes in detail.
Always empty among the Flash during veneer production and processing, wherein there is not effective bios program, therefore, always move the bios program among the ROM this moment.When finding that bios program has problem, can then, be loaded on the veneer by passages such as serial ports network interfaces, and be kept among the Flash by revising code and generating a new bios program.Board resetting later on or when restarting, if among the Flash effective bios program is arranged, will instruction fetch operation in Flash.If after a period of time, find that the bios program among the Flash also has problem, can upgrade the bios program among the Flash once more, so just can under the situation that does not change hardware, finish the correction of bios program, thereby reach the purpose of BIOS online upgrading.
Though such scheme can be realized the BIOS online upgrading, following shortcoming is arranged:
1, depends on the specific implementation of hardware, because CPU need get the instruction operation of bios program in Flash, the address space that needs Flash is continuous, and in fact a lot of embedded systems are because the restriction of interface bit wide, the address space that can not guarantee Flash is continuous, only take data lines such as the 16bit of 64bit data line or 32bit often, can not guarantee that address space is continuous, so the range of application of this scheme is more limited.
2, upgrade function is dangerous, if the bios program of upgrading is normal, then the online upgrading function is normal, in case the bios program of upgrading itself is wrong, to cause the upgrading failure, and the bios program sign is effective among the Flash, but program itself is wrong, to cause system to recover automatically, the upgrading failure will cause more serious consequence.
3, upgrade function poor practicability, if bios program is after having experienced long period of time, 5,6 times upgrading took place, when the version of programming in ROM has than big difference when bios program version and production, if certain upgrading failure, then system can only return back to the bios version among the ROM when producing, and has little significance.
In the prior art, the general thought of another kind of BIOS online upgrading scheme is that bios program is divided into two parts, and a part is not scalable part, the part of a part for needing to upgrade, and generate file destination respectively, and be referred to as little BIOS and main BIOS.Its medium and small BIOS comprises the most basic driving of CPU mini system, as CPU initialization, the initialization of RAM controller, starting of embedded operation system, serial port drive etc., this part function is simple relatively and stable, acquiescence can not have problems, thinking does not need upgrading, by burning the programming of sheet device in rom chip, is first section program of Board Power up operation with this part program.Main bios program comprises the full content of bios program, after little BIOS starts, by serial ports main BIOS is downloaded on the veneer, and is kept among the Flash.
As shown in Figure 2, in step 21, during the Board Power up operation, move the little bios program among the ROM earlier, after initialization finishes contents such as CPU, RAM controller, operating system, serial ports, in step 22, judge whether effective main bios program is arranged among the Flash, if effectively, in step 23, then main bios program is moved among the RAM, and the main BIOS that jumps among the RAM moves, otherwise, in step 24, then require to load main bios program by serial ports.
During production, owing to do not have content among the Flash, so must load once main bios program earlier after little BIOS starts, each then the startup all starts little BIOS earlier, moves main BIOS then, when having problems in finding main bios program, revise code and regenerate main bios program, when starting little bios program, download on the veneer, and upgrade main bios program among the Flash, thereby reached the purpose of BIOS online upgrading by network interface or serial ports.If after operation a period of time, find that again main BIOS has problem, then when starting, upgrades little BIOS main BIOS once more.Realized under the prerequisite that does not change hardware the correction of bios program problem.
This scheme also has obviously limitation and shortcoming:
1, can only realize the online upgrading of certain limit, although little BIOS function is simple, also relate to more code, if little BIOS also has problems, this scheme is insurmountable.
2, the single board starting time long, the single board starting time almost is the twice of common BIOS because will move little bios program earlier one time, main bios program reruns one time.
3, can not compatible original manufacturing mode, need load once main bios program at production link, link that the process that original relatively burning sheet is installed is many.
4, upgrade function is dangerous, if the bios program of upgrading is normal, then the online upgrading function is normal, in case the bios program of upgrading itself is wrong, to cause the upgrading failure, and the bios program sign is effective among the Flash, but program itself is wrong, will cause system to recover automatically.
5, upgrade function poor practicability, if certain bios program upgrading failure, system can not move on original legacy version, will cause service disconnection.
Summary of the invention
Above-mentioned defective at prior art, the apparatus and method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of BIOS online upgrading, solved the problem that particular hardware could realize upgrading that relies on, thereby improved the versatility of BIOS online upgrading, and solved the problem of upgrading failure and causing service disconnection, thereby improved the stability of BIOS online upgrading.
The invention provides a kind of basic input-output system BIOS online upgrading device, described update device comprises: veneer, and described veneer comprises: read only memory ROM is used to store the basic BIOS program; And non-volatile memory medium flash, it is divided at least two memory blocks, and each memory block is used to store the expanded BIOS program of nearest upgrading; The equipment that has the upgraded version bios program, it links to each other with veneer, and the bios program than lowest version in two parts of expanded BIOS programs that are used for by the network interface serial ports flash on the veneer being stored is upgraded.
The present invention also provides a kind of basic input-output system BIOS online upgrading method, comprising:
When needs are upgraded to described bios program, then store in the memory block among the flash and realize the upgrading BIOS program by bios program with redaction.
Described every part of expanded BIOS program also is provided with effective marker, stable operation sign and version sign.
By realizing the upgrading BIOS program in the memory block of expanded BIOS procedure stores in the flash of upgrading, comprising:
Judge whether the expanded BIOS program of storing among the flash is all effective, if all effective,
Then the bios program of upgrading is stored into the memory block of the lower expanded BIOS program of version,
Otherwise, the bios program of upgrading is stored in the memory block of expanded BIOS program arbitrarily.
After the bios program with upgrading stored the memory block into, the effective marker of BIOS stored program was set to effective status, and the stable operation sign is set to new upgrade status, and version sign is set to the higher version of version of original all expanded BIOS programs.
Comprise also that before upgrading effective marker is set to disarmed state.
The bios program that after the bios program with upgrading stores the memory block into, also comprises the operation upgrading.
Described operation bios program comprises:
Selecting effective marker is that effective status and stable operation zone bit are the bios program operation of new upgrade status, and after running to predefined phase, the stable operation zone bit of this bios program is set to steady operational status.
Before the bios program that brings into operation, choose the bios program of new upgrade status after, the stable operation sign is set to treat the operation state.
Described operation bios program is it to be moved in the random access memory ram move.
When the stable zone bit of finding the expanded BIOS program for treating the operation state, then its effective marker is set to disarmed state.
Described upgrading is by network interface or serial ports the redaction bios program to be copied in the memory block among the Flash.
Therefore, because the present invention's employing is directly moved the bios program among the flash among the RAM and is moved, not instruction fetch operation in Flash, so, method of the present invention does not rely on the BIOS online upgrading method that particular hardware realizes, make the upgrading of bios program become effectively simple, and can in each communication facilities, share, thereby improved the maintainable of communication facilities greatly and reduced maintenance cost.In addition, because the present invention adopts many parts of bios programs, described many parts of bios programs are respectively the bios program version that repeatedly upgrades recently.In case bios program upgrading failure not only can not cause service disconnection, nor can return back to the version when producing, thereby make the function of BIOS online upgrading become reliable and stable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of operational flow diagram of bios program of prior art scheme;
Fig. 2 shows the operational flow diagram of the bios program of another prior art scheme;
Fig. 3 shows update device synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the operational flow diagram of the bios program of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows the upgrading process flow diagram of embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
Understand and realization the present invention the existing embodiments of the invention of describing in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for the ease of persons skilled in the art.
For the ease of understanding online upgrading process of the present invention, simply introduce bios program its working principles and process below.Bios program generally be programming in rom chip, the first section code that power on always moves in ROM, carries out the CPU initialization, the initialization of RAM controller.Because program run is slower in ROM, bios program can be moved the code of self among the RAM, continue operation then, carry out the initialization of single board system hardware, the initialization of embedded OS, the initialization of serial ports network interface, business procedure loads the driving of passage, last loaded with traffic software also moves business software, finishes the operation of bios program at last.
According to the present invention, the invention provides a kind of BIOS online upgrading device, comprising: veneer, described veneer comprise the read only memory ROM of storage basic BIOS program and store the flash of two parts of expanded BIOS programs at least; The equipment that has the upgraded version bios program, it links to each other with veneer, is used for by passages such as network interface serial ports flash being upgraded than the bios program of legacy version.Basic BIOS program among the ROM writes by programming when producing, and writes when bios program is respectively by online upgrading repeatedly among the Flash, promptly is respectively the bios program that is write when repeatedly upgrading recently.
Every part of expanded BIOS program also is provided with three zone bits: effective marker position, stable operation zone bit, version sign position.The effective marker position is used for representing whether this expanded BIOS program is effective, and it has two states: effective status and disarmed state, that is,, then it is changed to effective status if upgrading is finished smoothly, and interrupt during as if upgrading, then it is a disarmed state.The stable operation zone bit represents that this expanded BIOS program whether can stable operation, and it has three kinds of states: new upgrade status, treating operation state and steady operational status, when firm upgrading finishes, is new upgrade status with the stable operation mark position; When the expanded BIOS program that finishes when this upgrading has just brought into operation, with the stable operation mark position for treating the operation state; The expanded BIOS program run that finishes when this upgrading when finishing as operation, is a steady operational status with the stable operation mark position during to a certain stage.The version of this bios program of version sign bit representation, the mutual one after the other of the version of the expanded BIOS program among the flash and the version of another expanded BIOS program is risen, and in the present invention, the version of expanded BIOS program is nearest a plurality of versions.
As shown in Figure 4, in step 41, when veneer one powers on, the basic BIOS program that always brings into operation, basic BIOS program be the intact CPU of initialization at first, the RAM controller, then in step 42, according to expanded BIOS program effective marker position and version sign position, judge whether there is effective expanded BIOS program among the Flash, if, then in step 43, select the expanded BIOS program of effective latest edition to move among the RAM, and jump among the RAM and move, otherwise, in step 46, be not have effective expanded BIOS program among the flash, then move basic BIOS among the ROM in RAM, and jump among the RAM and move.
Owing to if having effective expanded BIOS program among the Flash, then it is moved among the RAM, and jump among the RAM and move, not directly instruction fetch operation in Flash is so the hardware configuration of the present invention and Flash has nothing to do.
Flash is always empty during the veneer production and processing, does not wherein have effective bios program, and the basic BIOS among this moment ROM is not always moved basic BIOS and moved in RAM because there being effective expanded BIOS program.As shown in Figure 5, in step 51, when finding basic BIOS program existing problems, by revising code and generating the expanded BIOS program of a redaction, be loaded on the veneer by passages such as serial ports network interfaces then, then in step 52, according to expanded BIOS program effective marker position, judge whether there is invalid bios program among the Flash, if invalid bios program is arranged, then in step 53, directly the expanded BIOS with redaction is kept on this memory block, and in step 54, be new upgrade status with the steady state (SS) mark position of expanded BIOS program of upgrading newly, be effective status with the effective status mark position; Otherwise, be that a plurality of expanded BIOS programs are all effective among the former Flash, in step 55, then select the older expanded BIOS program of version, be disarmed state with the effective status mark position of this version, and replace the older expanded BIOS program of this version with the expanded BIOS of redaction, and in step 56, if upgrading is finished smoothly, be new upgrade status with the steady state (SS) mark position of expanded BIOS of upgrading newly, be effective status with the effective status mark position.
When veneer restarts, when basic BIOS is found the expanded BIOS that is in new upgrade status is arranged, then it is moved among the RAM and move, simultaneously the stable operation sign is changed to the operation state for the treatment of from new upgrade status, in order to confirm the expanded BIOS program correctness of new upgrading, when the expanded BIOS program run after a certain stage, be steady operational status with the stable mark position of this bios program.When veneer resets or restarts, will move the version of new upgrading, so far, upgrade successfully.
If the expanded BIOS program of upgrading existing problems, then the expanded BIOS program can not run to the specific stage, thereby, the stable operation zone bit is in the operation state for the treatment of, at this moment, basic BIOS identifies the stable operation zone bit when waiting to move state when starting, empty stable operation zone bit, effective marker position and version sign position.Then, with among the flash relatively older version move among the RAM and move, if do not have effective bios program among the flash, then the basic BIOS among the ROM is moved among the RAM and moved, even thereby having guaranteed upgrading failure, veneer still can operate as normal, can not cause service disconnection.By above method, not only realized the function of BIOS online upgrading, and guaranteed the reliability and the security of upgrading.
Therefore, because the present invention's employing is directly moved the bios program among the flash among the RAM and is moved, not directly instruction fetch operation in Flash, so, method of the present invention is not rely on the BIOS online upgrading method that particular hardware realizes, make the upgrading of bios program become effectively simple, and can in each communication facilities, share, thereby improved the maintainable of communication facilities greatly and reduced maintenance cost.
Therefore, because the present invention adopts many parts of bios programs, described many parts of bios programs are respectively the bios program version that repeatedly upgrades recently.In case bios program upgrading failure not only can not cause service disconnection, nor can return back to the prototype version of production, thereby make the function of BIOS online upgrading become reliable and stable.
BIOS online upgrading function of the present invention does not need extra input, and BIOS online upgrading function is transparent to production link, and when not having upgrade requirement, can equally with common BIOS work.
Though described the present invention by embodiment, those of ordinary skills know, without departing from the spirit and substance in the present invention, just can make the present invention that many distortion and variation are arranged, and scope of the present invention is limited to the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of basic input-output system BIOS online upgrading device is characterized in that described update device comprises: veneer, and described veneer comprises: read only memory ROM is used to store the basic BIOS program; And non-volatile memory medium flash, it is divided at least two memory blocks, and each memory block is used to store the expanded BIOS program of nearest upgrading; The equipment that has the upgraded version bios program, it links to each other with veneer, and the bios program than lowest version in two parts of expanded BIOS programs that are used for by the network interface serial ports flash on the veneer being stored is upgraded.
2, a kind of basic input-output system BIOS online upgrading method is characterized in that, comprising:
When needs are upgraded to described bios program, then store in the memory block among the flash and realize the upgrading BIOS program by bios program with redaction.
3, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described every part of expanded BIOS program also is provided with effective marker, stable operation sign and version sign.
4, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, by realizing the upgrading BIOS program in the memory block of expanded BIOS procedure stores in the flash of upgrading, comprising:
Judge whether the expanded BIOS program of storing among the flash is all effective, if all effective,
Then the bios program of upgrading is stored into the memory block of the lower expanded BIOS program of version,
Otherwise, the bios program of upgrading is stored in the memory block of expanded BIOS program arbitrarily.
5, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, also comprise: after the bios program with upgrading stores the memory block into, the effective marker of BIOS stored program is set to effective status, the stable operation sign is set to new upgrade status, and version sign is set to the higher version of version of original all expanded BIOS programs.
6, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 2 is characterized in that also comprise, effective marker is set to disarmed state before upgrading.
7, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises the bios program of operation upgrading after the bios program with upgrading stores the memory block into.
8, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described operation bios program comprises:
Selecting effective marker is that effective status and stable operation zone bit are the bios program operation of new upgrade status, and after running to predefined phase, the stable operation zone bit of this bios program is set to steady operational status.
9, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, also comprises: before the bios program that brings into operation, choose the bios program of new upgrade status after, the stable operation sign is set to treat the operation state.
10, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described operation bios program is it to be moved in the random access memory ram move.
11, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises: when selecting the expanded BIOS version, if stablize zone bit for treating the operation state, then effective marker is set to disarmed state.
12, BIOS online upgrading method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described upgrading is by network interface or serial ports the redaction bios program to be copied in the memory block among the Flash.
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| CNB2004100968818A CN100362470C (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | BIOS on-line upgrading method |
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| CNB2004100968818A CN100362470C (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | BIOS on-line upgrading method |
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| CN1786910A true CN1786910A (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| CN100362470C CN100362470C (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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| CNB2004100968818A Expired - Fee Related CN100362470C (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | BIOS on-line upgrading method |
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| CN100375030C (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-03-12 | 杭州国芯科技有限公司 | Electronic system programe loading method |
| CN100461928C (en) * | 2006-09-30 | 2009-02-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Device and method for realizing reorienting of veneer equipment serial port |
| CN100461108C (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2009-02-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for on-line upgrading of edition in terminal product without interrupting the operation |
| CN1997071B (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2011-04-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Intelligent service scheduling module, intelligent service system and maintenance method |
| CN102033790A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-04-27 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for upgrading embedded-type system BOOTROM |
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| CN1997071B (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2011-04-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Intelligent service scheduling module, intelligent service system and maintenance method |
| CN100461108C (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2009-02-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for on-line upgrading of edition in terminal product without interrupting the operation |
| CN101309209B (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2012-07-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Single board software restoring method and single board thereof |
| CN101414264B (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2012-05-30 | 杭州师范大学 | Method for updating software version |
| CN102104750A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-22 | 康佳集团股份有限公司 | Method for automatically upgrading network television |
| CN102104750B (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2015-02-11 | 康佳集团股份有限公司 | Method for automatically upgrading network television |
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