CN1711734A - Transmitter and methods of transmission using separate phase and amplitude modulators - Google Patents
Transmitter and methods of transmission using separate phase and amplitude modulators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1711734A CN1711734A CN 200380102964 CN200380102964A CN1711734A CN 1711734 A CN1711734 A CN 1711734A CN 200380102964 CN200380102964 CN 200380102964 CN 200380102964 A CN200380102964 A CN 200380102964A CN 1711734 A CN1711734 A CN 1711734A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- phase
- reflector
- amplitude
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
A transmitter comprises a baseband processor, a wideband phase modulator and an amplitude modulated amplifier. A signal is provided through the baseband processor and is converted into polar coordinates, comprised of amplitude and phase components, with the amplitude component being transmitted to the amplitude modulated amplifier. The amplitude modulated amplifier being comprised of independently controllable current sources, and with the phase component being transmitted to the wideband phase modulator, for modulation upon a carrier wave, and subsequent transmission to the amplitude modulated amplifier for amplification according to control imposed by the amplitude component upon the current sources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electromagnetic transmission.More particularly, relate to electromagnetic wave transmitter.
Background technology
Electromagnetic wave can be sent to another place from a place by a conductor.In wire transmission, this conductor is a lead or other solid matters normally.In wireless transmission, normally a kind of surrounding material of this conductor, for example air, water etc.Reflector converts electrical energy into a signal usually, and this signal propagates into the antenna of receiver then from antenna via carrier wave.Transponder, intermediate office etc. can be used as the intermediate station in the transmission course is launched electric wave to keep integrality.
The information that the electric energy that inputs to reflector normally produces from a bolter is as voice, data etc.Various Digital Signal Processings are applied in this information content then so that the spectrum efficient transmission to be provided.These signal processing technologies can make signal have envelope trait constant or that change.Constant envelope signal uses non-linear emission to regulate (transmit line-up) usually, but not constant envelope signal uses linear emission to regulate usually.Signal is modulated onto on the carrier wave by reflector then.Carrier wave after the modulation just becomes the electromagnetic wave signal of emission.Receiver comes this signal of demodulation by the reproducing signals that the carrier wave with described modulation is decomposed into the initial information of reflector emission then.
Various technology are used to modulated carrier.For example, the carrier wave in the wireless transmission can be modulated onto on the signal by changing electric wave characteristic (as amplitude, frequency and phase place).Can utilize linearity or nonlinear technology to modulate.Linear technique is frequency and/or the phase place and the amplitude characteristic of the non-constant envelope signal of modulation usually.Nonlinear technology is modulated the frequency and/or the phase characteristic of constant envelope signal usually.
Yet, in some signal processing fields such as radio frequency (RF) field, the result that linear technique can not obtain expecting.For example, linear technique is usually directed to linear amplifier, and it can provide accurate relatively modulation and transmission therefore.Yet this linear amplifier desired power has limited its use value, especially in portable battery-driven equipment.
Prior art has attempted to overcome these difficulties.For example, the amplifier combined method of utilizing a plurality of amplifiers to amplify same signal is exactly the method for a kind of linearity of balance as far as possible and non-linear benefits.Yet these methods are subjected to various restrictions.For example, the amplifier combined method uses a plurality of elements such as transformer or 1/4 wavelength line to come the output of each amplifier of addition to drive load.These elements have increased cost and the volume that amplifies array.
Reflector may need to support the combination of constant and non-constant profiled pulses processing scheme, for example when reflector is used to multi-mode operation (as GSM and EDGE).The needs of a plurality of method of impulse treatment of this support cause the structure of expensive and poor efficiency.Usually, many modulated structures of the dullness system structure by less possibility is provided or complexity that increases reflector and cost are realized the multiple modulation scheme in the single reflector.
Therefore, non-linear amplifying technique is highly significant with combining of Linear magnifying technology in high in the electromagnetic transmission field.
And system, method and the manufacturing equipment of being convenient in a reflector to carry out multiple modulation scheme are provided also is highly significant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention includes the system, method and the manufacturing equipment that are used for launching electromagnetic wave and signal.
In an embodiment, reflector comprises a baseband processor, a wideband phase modulator and an amplitude modulation amplifier, wherein when this baseband processor provides a signal, this signal is converted into the polar coordinates that comprise amplitude and phase component, this range weight is transferred into the amplitude modulation amplifier that comprises independently controlled current source, phase component is sent to this wideband phase modulator that carrier signal is modulated, and is transferred into this amplitude modulation amplifier then to amplify according to the control that is applied on this current source by this range weight.
Description of drawings
In order to describe the present invention, show current preferred at least one embodiment with the form of accompanying drawing, should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited in shown this concrete structure, method and apparatus.
Fig. 1 shows a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows another specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows another specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Specific embodiments of the invention comprise device, method and the manufacture component that is used for launching electromagnetic wave and signal.Specific embodiments of the invention are constituting by hardware, software and/or hardware and software fully.Therefore, the combination of the step of the combination of the device of the combination support of each functional block and each functional block execution specific function and/or execution specific function in the accompanying drawing.Each functional block in the accompanying drawing and the accompanying drawing functional block of combination can be implemented by the well-known a lot of different modes of those skilled in the art.
In specific preferred embodiment, reflector is exclusively used in specific application, still, in special embodiment, also can be used for the combination of multiple application.These application include but not limited to: CDMA, CDMA2000, WCDMA, GSM, TDMA; And the equipment of other types comprise wired and wireless as bluetooth, 802.11a ,-b ,-g, GPS, radar, lxRTT, wireless, GPRS, computer and computer communication complex, handheld device etc.
It should be noted that here and to adopt " signal " to describe a kind of modulated in some way electromagnetic wave that overlapped information on ripple normally is as superposition of data on carrier wave." signal " and " ripple " that should also be noted that the singulative of employing comprises the situation of plural number (or a plurality of signal and ripple), because often to be reflector produce in normal operating process not only signal and/or ripple.It shall yet further be noted that specific embodiments of the invention also can be used as input and/or output wave and signal, as what below will describe in further detail.Should also be noted that " pulse " adopted is used to describe signal component here, therefore a signal for example is made of one or more pulses.Therefore, signal, pulse, signal processing and burst process here can be exchanged.
Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention.In the preferred embodiment, Digital Signal Processing combines with the analog RF circuit, to pass through as to be used for the GMSK of GSM, the GFSK that is used for DECT and bluetooth, the 8-PSK that is used for EDGE, OQPSK, the HPSK that is used for IS2000, the multiple modulation technique that is used for π/4DQPSK of TDMA and is used for 802.11 OFDM obtains modulation.
Baseband processor 10 provides transmission signals, is known a kind of digital signal processor 15 and microcontrollers as a baseband processor 10.It should be noted that in other embodiments, also can adopt other signal providers/receivers, as analog signal supply, digital signal supply etc.Therefore, can not use baseband processor.In addition, can use the processor of modification as a processor that does not have the digital signal processor part.
In the preferred embodiment, used a power management module (not shown).Each element in the dynamic opening and closing reflector of this power management module is to preserve power.This power management module according to various standards as a predetermined rest period, from external event as the input of predetermined output power levels, from the gate control signal of baseband processor etc., carry out it and judge with the On/Off particular element.This power management module can be controlled the element of any amount.For example, when a power management operation can be sent " emission door On/Off " signal in system, with baseband processor of preferred order On/Off, PLL and an amplitude modulation amplifier.
One or more power control signals are input to voltage gain amplifier 20 (can be a variable gain attenuator in certain embodiments) and amplitude modulation amplifier 30 according to this input signal by power control interface 11.Power control interface 11 can be used as controller in this embodiment and other preferred embodiments.For example, if amplitude modulation amplifier 30 comprises one or more bias stages, as three bias stages, each bias stage has a relevant control port (not shown) S here
C1, S
C2, S
C3In this embodiment, power control interface 11 is as a controller, with the control port S of these three bias stages
C1, S
C2, S
C3Communication.Usually, power control interface 11 can be used to regulate each bias stage with the gain of control amplitude modulation amplifier 30 and the output of this amplifier.In other embodiments, can and/or be included in other elements among this reflector embodiment by other devices as baseband processor 40 provides power to control.
10 digitized signal a are sent to second baseband processor 40 along baseband interface 12 by first baseband processor.(term " circuit " here can exchange with " interface ", and which all can be used to define a signal path).
Import to the utmost point treatment element 42 after signal is filtered, it provides from rectangular coordinate to the polar conversion with amplitude and phase component.In this specific preferred embodiment, conversion is implemented by cordic algorithm.In some preferred embodiments, for address RF nonlinear effect, AM/AM and/or AM/PM distortion correction or correction also can be carried out at this for especially.
This amplitude and phase component are handled by independent paths.This range weight inputs to spectrum shaping element 43, with when needed for example in order to support multiple processing scheme, for by removing undesirable width signal noise correction or proofreading and correct these output spectrums of shaping such as this range weight.For example, a frequency spectrum shaping component can be embodied as a question blank (LUT), and it is according to the inlet reconstruction signal that is included in this table.Other embodiment can use a low pass filter, as FIR, infinite impulse response (IIR) filter, analog filter etc.In this special preferred embodiment, frequency spectrum shaping component 43 is implemented as a LUT.From this spectrum shaping element 43, this range weight inputs to amplitude modulation amplifier 30, and it will be described in detail below.
Equalizer 44 provides modulation compensated as modulation compensated (equilibrium) filter by having amplitude and phase response, and wherein this amplitude and phase response are the inverses of the closed loop response of wideband phase modulator 50.The bandwidth of this wideband phase modulator 50 may need to limit (as less than modulation bandwidth) to reduce the noise in the output spectrum.Yet, the limiting bandwidth component of higher frequency of this signal of may decaying by this way.Equalizer 44 compensates by the gain that increases these higher frequency components for this reason, thus the level and smooth frequency response on the modulation bandwidth of generation signal, and expand this modulation bandwidth effectively.Equalizer 44 preferably the numeral, also can for example be a FIR (finite impulse response (FIR)) or IIR (infinite impulse response) filter.Equalizer 44 also can have the programmable coefficient of expectation or the element of other expectation.For example, programmable coefficients any design redundancy of can be the analog element that appears in the low-pass loop filter 54 affords redress.
The phase of input signals component inputs to wideband phase modulator 50 embodiment of Fig. 1 from equalizer 44.Wideband phase modulator 50 is made of ∑ Delta modulator (SDM Sigma Delta Modulator) 51, divider 52, phase place-frequency detector 53, low-pass loop filter 54 and voltage controlled oscillator 55.
Reference source 60 is preferably used in to divider 52 provides a stable phase place and frequency reference and exports.Reference source 60 can be can produce carrier wave arbitrarily, have the stable phase place and the electromagnetic wave source of frequency reference.
Again with reference to the embodiment of figure 1, SDM 51 preferably includes the adder and the feedback element of one or more polyphones, is used to import decimal phases/channels data and exports digital string integer now.Preferably dispose SDM 51 like this so that the input range of the fractional part of phase data and channel number is enough big in the present embodiment.The output frequency of voltage controlled oscillator 55 is by the divider value N divided by divider 52.The output of SDM 51 is used for the divider value of dithering (dither) divider 52.The dithering of divider 52 makes it possible to realize a multiplication of decimals factor.
Phase place-frequency detector 53 relatively the relative phase of two signals is also exported a signal that is directly proportional with the difference of the two.This output signal is used to regulate the frequency of voltage controlled oscillator 55, so that the phase difference of measuring at this phase detectors place goes to zero.Therefore, the phase place of signal by this feedback loop locked to stop because undesirable skew of the signal phase that variation or distortion were caused of the phase place of voltage controlled oscillator 55 and frequency.The output of voltage controlled oscillator 55 is relevant with the output of reference source 60 by a multiplication factor.The dithering of divider 52 makes a multiplication of decimals factor to realize.Because getting in touch of the high relatively frequency of reference source 60 and the little channel resolution requirement of various industrial standards needs this divisor.
Feedback signal from voltage controlled oscillator 55 is passed through divider 52.The phase component information that receives from SDM 51 is used for this divisor of dithering in the scope of divider value.By the dithering principle of this divider value, this phase information is modulated onto on the carrier wave.The signal that produces is transferred to phase place-frequency detector 53, compares with reference signal from reference source 60 there, and is aforesaid.Result relatively exports low-pass loop filter 54 to, produces this phase-modulated carrier wave signal by voltage controlled oscillator 55 there.
The output of wideband phase modulator 50 from but one have constant amplitude or envelope trait and frequency or phase characteristic begin relative phase of input signals component variation from its initial value electromagnetic wave.
This phase-modulated carrier transfers to amplitude modulation amplifier 30 then and amplifies.Preferably this phase-modulated signal at first is sent to variable gain attenuator (VGA) 20 to revise as characteristics such as the gain of signal and/or frequency responses, to satisfy existing industrial standard to the dynamic range of power output and the requirement of emission.Also can replace variable gain attenuator with other modifier (as voltage gain amplifier) according to special power control needs, the gain of revising signal is to satisfy the requirement of various industrial standards to the dynamic range of power output.If think the emission of further limit wideband noise, after VGA 20, can carry out bandpass filtering.In certain embodiments, also has the relevant other amplifier of one or more and amplitude modulation amplifier 30.
The amplitude part of input signal is sent to amplitude modulation amplifier 30 from baseband processor 20.Brief review Fig. 2 there is shown an amplitude modulation amplifier 30 that uses in special preferred embodiment.
Wideband amplitude modulator 60 is modulated to the baseband amplitude signal on the RF carrier wave by this range signal of reconstruct on a phase modulation RF carrier wave.Wideband amplitude modulator 60 can be with different bit width resolution modulation signals in this embodiment and other preferred embodiment.If desired, the dynamic operation that the predistortion factor and biasing control also can be provided is to change the dynamic range of gain and last power output.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the amplitude of input signal is partly passed through transducer 113 along path a
mBe converted into the digit pulse that comprises a numeric word, this numeric word is quantified as B
0To B
N-1Bit, highest significant position (MSB) is to least significant bit (LSB).This numeric word can have the length of variation in each embodiment.Generally, this word is long more, and the accuracy rate of this input signal of reconstruct is high more.This numeric word provides the control to decay and/or amplification, and its mode will be further described below.Certainly, as described below, in other embodiments, also can use a different numeric word that constitutes, and derivative and/or regulation or other characteristics of signals to amplitude of other type.
Export 7 control element circuit a from transducer 113 shown in the figure
m1-a
m7.In a preferred embodiment, the quantity of these control element circuits depends on the resolution of this word.In the preferred embodiment, this word has the resolution of 7 bits.It should be noted that among Fig. 2 that for the ease of observing this figure, these control element circuits are merged into a paths a
mInput to control element 122a-g.Yet as described below in this embodiment, these control element circuits do not merge but feed back to these control elements respectively.This phase component is along path a
pTransmission.This component has a constant envelope, that is to say there is not changes in amplitude, but has the phase characteristic of original input waveform, and this component is input to driver 124, then to driver lines a
p1-a
p7.Be input to current source 125a-125g then along separated this waveform of these driver lines, be used for current potential drive current source 125a-125g as described below.
It should be noted that in current embodiment, transistor can be used as current source 125a-125g.In addition, in other embodiments, the transistor of one or more suitable segmentations also can be used as current source 125a-125g.
Path a
m(comprise aforesaid control element circuit a
m1-a
m7) end at control element 122a-g.In this specific preferred embodiment, these are switching transistors, and current source preferably.Control element 122a-g is switched by the bit from this numeric word of this range weight output and therefore by regulating from the numeric word of range weight output.If a bit is " 1 " or " height ", then open the control corresponding element, then electric current flows to suitable current source 125a-g along biasing control circuit 123a-g from this control element.As mentioned above, the length of this numeric word can change, so quantity of bit, control element, control element circuit, driver lines, biasing control circuit, current source etc. can correspondingly change in each embodiment.And, in each embodiment, needn't be corresponding one by one between digital word resolution, element, circuit and current source.
If control element is opened, then current source 125a-g is from a control element received current, and therefore each current source is regulated according to this element.In this specific preferred embodiment, as described below, a suitable control element provides bias current to this current source, so this control element can be known as bias control circuit, and a plurality of control element is known as biasing networks.In certain embodiments, if desired, may wish to utilize a switching network static state or dynamically distribute one or more bias control circuits to give one or more current sources.
Each current source can produce electric current as a current potential current source, and this electric current exports source lines 126a-g respectively to.Each current source can be used as also can also can not produce electric current not as a current source, because it is conditioned by the suitable command signal or the digital word value of regulating a control element.The activation of any section, and depend on suitable bit value from the numeral of this range weight that is used to control this suitable control element from the generation of the electric current of this section.It should be noted that this current source is not one or more amplifiers, in the preferred embodiment, is not that a plurality of current sources are as amplifier, as described herein.But, in the preferred embodiment, amplify and/or decay can be used as the function of these embodiment, therefore amplifier and/or the attenuator electronic component or the system that can be considered to amplify and/or decay.
Combination current, i.e. any electric current of current source 125a-g output and be the output of current source.Therefore this embodiment can be used as an attenuator and/or amplifier.In addition, can provide power to control and obtain the dynamic range required the power output of various wireless standards.In a further advantageous embodiment, can operate the biasing control of any amplification stage, with the path of change phase-modulated carrier and the gain in the amplitude path.
Not necessarily need other circuit or element to make up electric current between the current source, and therefore provide the output current of usefulness from each current source.Therefore, should can be used as if desired as amplifier, attenuator to drive load etc. at the combination current that is expressed as b of circuit 127 outputs.
In the preferred embodiment, this current source the output of electric current and big or small aspect change.This provides various weights to the electric current by these current source supplies.For example, in a preferred embodiment, first current source is the twice of the size of next current source, and this next current source is again the twice of the size of its next current source, so up to final current source.The number of current source can be complementary with the amount of bits of digital control word, so largest current source is subjected to the control of the MSB of this amplitude word, and next bit of this word is controlled next largest current source etc., and up to LSB, it is sent to minimum current source.Certainly, just as has already been described, other embodiment also can have a kind of different match bit and the pattern of current source, comprises using a switching network.In addition, in a specific preferred embodiment, also provide the current source of the identical repetition of size, and the current source that varies in size.Yet in other embodiments, can other waveform characteristic be provided and therefore control these current sources for other current source.
Should be noted that in the present invention current source is by non-linear biasing.Therefore, current source can valid function arbitrarily.In a preferred embodiment, thus reduce power loss.In addition, as has been described previously, the result who regulates current source according to characteristics of signals is: last output signal has the relatively accurate linearity and with respect to the proportionality of input signal.Therefore, in the preferred embodiment, can provide the amplifier of nonlinear operation with relatively accurate linear operation and effective relatively and power loss.
For example, get back to the embodiment of Fig. 2, if among the current source 125a-g is unlocked, it will have auxiliary relatively effectively non-linear current source as one.If this current source is closed, its draw power seldom or not then.Also can see linear characteristic because the current source of each unlatching provides and the approximately proportional current contribution of the amplification characteristic of input signal, therefore duplicating of a relatively accurate input signal be provided.
In the preferred embodiment of Fig. 2, current source 125a-g comprises one or more HBT transistors.Also can use other transistor, as FET etc., and other current source.Also can insert other element---as variable gain amplifier or attenuator---with reduce along amplitude path to transistor part, the drive current of non-linear element etc.
The use of the preferred embodiment can provide the ability of band amplitude modification in an associated transmitter.In a big relatively spectral range, provide linear amplification and/or decay.Certainly, except that amplitude modulation amplifier shown in Figure 2 or replace amplitude modulation amplifier shown in Figure 2, other embodiment also can use different amplifiers.
Get back to the embodiment of Fig. 1, amplitude modulation amplifier 30 produces an output signal, and this signal is represented a carrier wave that carries the amplification that is included in any information in the input signal.
This signal is sent to a load then, as an antenna or other element.In this specific preferred embodiment, this signal is sent to a load, and is as be known in the art, selects arbitrary loaded line, so that the impedance matching with load to be provided.Yet, it should be noted that the impedance matching between this amplitude modulation amplifier 30 and load is not to be necessary, because amplitude modulation amplifier 30 is just as a current source rather than a power source.Certainly, in other embodiments, can be placed in a load or other when leaving on the circuit of amplitude modulation amplifier 30, this signal is further revised, amplifies, modulated and/or handles at this signal.
Fig. 3 shows another and preferably implements.By first baseband processor 410, just as be known in the art, for example, provide a baseband signal a by a digital signal processor and microprocessor.Should note using the signal providers of any type, as analog signal supply, digital signal supply etc., coming provides signal for the preferred embodiment.Therefore, according to this signal providers, first baseband processor can be modified and/or remove fully, just as is known in the art.If signal has passed through data transaction and has been provided, should notice that then modification subsequently can implement by various digital elements, it will be further described below.
In the preferred embodiment, provided a power management module (not shown).This power management module dynamically each element in the opening and closing reflector to preserve power.This power management module is according to various standards, as predetermined rest period, from external event as the input of predetermined output power levels, from the gate control signal of baseband processor etc., judge with the On/Off particular element.
According to input signal, one or more power control signals are transferred into variable gain attenuator 420 and amplitude modulation amplifier 430 via power control interface 411.In other embodiments, can and/or be included in other elements among the reflector embodiment 440 by other device as baseband processor 410 provides power to control.In other embodiments, can provide other or all power control informations by the serial ports of baseband processor 410.
If amplitude modulation amplifier 430 comprises one or more bias stages, as three bias stages, each bias stage will have a relevant control port (not shown) s here
C1, s
C2, s
C3In this embodiment, power control interface 411 is as a controller, with the control port s of three bias stages
C1, s
C2, s
C3Communication.Usually, power control interface 411 can be used to regulate each bias stage with the gain of control amplitude modulation amplifier 430 and the output of amplifier.Best, amplitude modulation amplifier 430 is with by control port s
C1, s
C2, s
C3In the rate processing range weight am of control and the process of phase component pm, the amount of the reference voltage of each bias stage of control amplifier, and output signal such as Pout are provided.Should be appreciated that in other embodiments, amplifier can not be the amplifier of the control port of the bias stage of the amplifier-also can use of three bias stages with arbitrary number and arbitrary number.
In this embodiment, at the input port control port s of phase element
C1, s
C2, s
C3And can have multiple transmission characteristic between the output port of amplitude modulation amplifier 430.This transmission characteristic can for example be voltage, electric current, power, ACPRn (wherein n can be an any integer value), RHO, phase change, AM/AM or AM/PM characteristic, phase noise, BER etc.For example, one or more characteristics of output signal Pout---as voltage, electric current and/or power---can be used control port s
C1, s
C2, s
C3On the function of one or more control signals represent.Therefore output signal Pout can adopt following form:
F (s
0)=f (s
C1, s
C2, s
C3) formula 1
S wherein
C1, s
C2, s
C3Represent control port s respectively
C1, s
C2, s
C3Control signal.These control signals are operating point of choice of equipment on transfer curve.A plurality of other control circuits (as mentioned above, also can be interface) extend out from baseband processor 410, and the general controls that is used for carrying out as the common various emission functions of prior art (is controlled as general purpose I/O; The On/Off of each piece is to preserve the control of power in the control reflector; Be used to control from the suitable composite signal of wideband modulator 450 with the synthetic locking control circuit of the lock-out state of indication PLL and serial connection I/F etc.).I data circuit 418 and Q data circuit 419 are provided and are used for transmitting I, Q data to the second baseband processor 440, and be as described below.
It shall yet further be noted that in other embodiments, also can use other controlling schemes.For example, if no matter input equipment such as attenuator are as an amplifier or as an autonomous device that is independent of amplifier, then control signal s
CoCan be input to this attenuator with phase component pm, attenuator output signal Pin, this signal are input to first bias stage of amplifier then.Usually, in these embodiments, control signal s
CoCombine in the dynamic range that can be used to regulate power level and signal Pin one or two with attenuator.Therefore, if the power level of Pin is set, the output signal Pout of amplifier, thereby, can adopt following form:
F (s
0)=f (s
C0, s
C1... s
x) formula 2
S wherein
CoRepresent power input signal Pin, s
C1... s
xRepresentative is in the control signal of any control port.As mentioned above, this control signal and this power input signal Pin are operating point of choice of equipment on transfer curve.
Yet in other embodiments, control system can comprise the element (as a voltage-controlled attenuator) such as attenuator; Amplifier with one or more voltage gain amplifiers (VGA) level; And transistor array level that comprises a plurality of transistors or transistor segments; And power control interface.In these specific embodiment, this amplifier can be implemented as and be used to receive independently amplitude and phase component.For example, this range weight can be used for controlling each transistor/segment such as by regulating the one or more biasing control elements that are connected with this transistor/segment.This biasing control element can comprise that as switching transistor it can be when needed as current source work.This range weight can comprise the numeric word that receives as this biasing control element, if bit is like this " 1 " or " height ", the control element of then setovering accordingly is unlocked the transistor/segment that current direction is suitable.
In these embodiments, the control characteristic of each control signal that is sent by controller is a voltage.Voltage control signal Vpin is received by attenuator so that power level Pin is set for amplifier.Arbitrarily the control voltage of VGA level can be a burning voltage Vb12 or control signal independently.The control voltage of transistor array stage can be Vb3.Arbitrary control voltage can be the DC bias voltage, is used for one or more bias stages of biased amplifier, so this Vb12 and this biasing circuit of Vb13 voltage influence.Another voltage vcc can the exciting amplifier circuit other parts.In this embodiment, total average output power Pout of amplifier and the output current relevant with Pout can illustrate by detecting the transmission characteristic of this amplifier at each Pin value place.
Get back to the embodiment of Fig. 3, when baseband processor 440 received I, Q data, each data utilized FIR filter 441 and 442 to carry out filtering, and these these data of filter shaping promptly almost do not have possibility to leak in the adjacent frequency spectrum to carry out the spectrum efficient transmission.Polar switching piece 443 utilizes cordic algorithm I, Q data transaction to be become to comprise the polar coordinates of phase place and range weight.This FIR filter 441 and 442 and/or I/Q may be incorporated in the baseband block 410 to polarity conversion block 443.In addition, the FIR filter can be integrated with baseband block and follow a pair of D/A converter thereafter.When behind I/Q FIR, having used DAC, should be appreciated that and to utilize corresponding A/D converter so that necessary sampling I/Q data flow to be provided to polar switching piece 443.
This amplitude and phase component are handled by independent paths then.This range weight is sent to amplitude correction element 446, and it is proofreaied and correct when needed.For example, can use a LUT that the absolute value of range weight is provided here or use the value of linear approximation of the output of amplifier, so this range weight will correspondingly be proofreaied and correct.Then synchronization adjustment component 447 correction that any necessity is provided with keep with phase component synchronously.This range weight is sent to segmentation elements 448 then, and separated with control amplitude modulation amplifier 430 by spectrum shaping element 449 and segmentation Driver Library 451 there, this will be further described below.
This signal is sent to data convergent-divergent processor 454 then and the self adaptation phase place is calibrated (APR) element 455 again.The gain of the phase component of data convergent-divergent processor 454 scale signal is so that its modulation index with expectation is consistent.The convergent-divergent of this signal can be realized by the device of any conventional.From d θ/original phase component that dt element 453 receives and the output from wideband modulator 450, APR element 455 guarantees that this phase component is suitably calibrated by relatively.Then, by providing correction to phase-frequency detector (PFD) 469, proofread and correct poor in the output from APR element 455.This reponse system is used to keep this loop-locking and minimum any phase error.
This phase component signal is then by equalizer 456, and this equalizer 456 has the amplitude and the phase response of the inverse of a closed loop response that equals this wideband phase modulator 450.As will be described below, in some cases, the bandwidth (less than this modulation bandwidth) that may wish to limit wideband phase modulator 450 is to minimize the noise in the output spectrum.Yet, the limiting bandwidth higher frequency components of signal that decayed by this way.Equalizer 456 comes it is compensated by the gain that increases these higher frequency components, thereby has produced a level and smooth frequency response on the modulation bandwidth of signal, and has expanded modulation bandwidth effectively.Equalizer 456 is numeral preferably, and can for example be a FIR (finite impulse response (FIR)) or IIR (infinite impulse response) filter.
In order to realize the suitable frequency of reflector, base band control logic and memory element 445 provide desired frequency to channel calculation element 457.For grating (raster) requirement of deferring to existing industrial standard, each signal can be modulated at an a certain amount of frequency of offset carrier frequency be the center around.Each off center frequency reaches around its frequency bandwidth and is designated as a different channel with channel number.Given signal determined modulated centre frequency by channel calculation element 457, by this element, reference frequency is multiplied by a number and thinks that the signal in the whole transmit frequency range sets up a unique channel.
The sampling of this mode of input phase data in SDM 461 has improved signal to noise ratio in the band.SDM 461 has a third order PLL road topology.Should be appreciated that still, if desired, other circuit topology that is fit to also can be used for SDM 461.
The output of SDM 461 in the present embodiment merges with the integer part of the channel number that receives from channel calculation element 457 then.Combiner 464 merges the decimal and the integer part of channel number, and the output that will synthesize offers driver 465.
As mentioned above, though also can use other modulation scheme, modulation can utilize phase modulated (PM) to carry out by the phase of input signals component in wideband phase modulator 450.In the present embodiment, the output of this wideband phase modulator 450 is one and has substantial constant and preferably constant amplitude (or envelope) characteristic, but the electromagnetic wave that the relative phase of input signals component of frequency or phase characteristic begins to change from its initial steady state value.
This output exports variable gain amplifier 420 to by variable gain attenuator/amplifier (VGA) 470 then, is exaggerated there.Other embodiment of this scheme can comprise after element 450 that filter element is further to suppress broadband noise.Other change of present embodiment can be replaced element and comprises and be used for a plurality of amplifying stages of 420 with fixed gain.Here also can use impedance matching element, the impedance of the variation that causes by the frequency of this variation with compensation.Amplifier 475 as described in Figure 2.
When signal is output, and when having carried out impedance matching when needing, duplexer 476 and 477 provides the switching between arbitrary receiver and reflector.This duplexer can be used for supporting a plurality of working frequency range.Certainly, in other embodiments, signal can pass through a load subsequently.In specific preferred embodiment, loaded line is as be known in the art selected arbitrarily, so that the impedance matching of load to be provided.Yet it should be noted that because amplifier 475 just is being used as a current source rather than a power supply, so the impedance matching between amplifier 475 and load is not essential.Certainly, in other embodiments, this signal can be worked as and is placed in a load or other further was changed, amplifies, revises and/or handles away from time on the circuit of amplifier 475.
Each embodiment is if need to use analog-and digital-element simultaneously, as long as these embodiment controls need the ripple and the signal of analog element and digital element simultaneously.For example, cell phone embodiment can be used analog-and digital-element simultaneously.Various types of system configurations also can be used to construct this embodiment.For example, can on semiconductor equipment (constituting), provide each embodiment or each element if desired as integrated circuit or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC); Some examples comprise silicon (Si), silicon halide (SiGe) or GaAs (GaAs) substrate.Should be noted that element described herein is not restrictive.That is to say that because the characteristic of Digital Signal Processing, each building block can use with various configuration modes, therefore any element can use in the mode of multiple functional configuration as desired.
Although described specific embodiments more of the present invention, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes, modification and improvement to it.According to this as can be known change of the disclosure, modification and improvement is conspicuous, is not defined as the part of this specification though expressly describe it here.Therefore, foregoing description is exemplary, is not restrictive.The present invention is by following claim and equivalents is defined limits.
Claims (32)
1. reflector comprises:
-one baseband processor;
-one wideband phase modulator;
-one amplitude modulation amplifier;
-wherein, when providing signal by described baseband processor, described signal is converted into the polar coordinates that comprise amplitude and phase component, described range weight is sent to the described amplitude modulation amplifier that comprises independent controllable current source, described phase component is sent to described wideband phase modulator, on carrier wave, modulating, and be sent to described amplitude modulation amplifier subsequently to amplify according to the control that puts on the described current source by described range weight.
2. reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said baseband processor comprises:
-one is used for the burst process element of reshaping signal;
-one is used for conversion of signals one-tenth is comprised polar utmost point treatment element of amplitude and phase component.
3. reflector as claimed in claim 2 also comprises second baseband processor, and it offers described baseband processor with described signal.
4. reflector as claimed in claim 2, wherein said burst process element comprises at least one filter.
5. reflector as claimed in claim 4, wherein said at least one filter comprises a plurality of FIR filters.
6. reflector as claimed in claim 2, wherein said utmost point treatment element become to comprise the polar coordinates of amplitude and phase component with this conversion of signals by cordic algorithm.
7. reflector as claimed in claim 2 also comprises:
-one amplitude correction element;
-step joint element together, the range weight that is used for inhibit signal is synchronous with phase component;
-one segmentation elements is used for converting the range weight of signal to a plurality of digit pulses;
-one spectrum shaping element is used for receiving a plurality of digit pulses from segmentation elements, to carry out frequency spectrum shaping;
-one segmentation Driver Library receives a plurality of digit pulses from the spectrum shaping element, to carry out the amplification of signal amplitude component.
8. reflector as claimed in claim 2 also comprises:
-one phase correction component;
-one d θ/dt element is used for the data transaction from phase element is become the derivative of phase place or frequency representation;
-one data convergent-divergent processor is used for the gain of convergent-divergent phase component;
-one self adaptation phase place is used to calibrate described phase component at calibrating element;
-one phase place-frequency detector is used for the deviation that the calibration of phase modulation component is discerned;
-one control logic and memory element are used to set up the frequency of expection;
-one channel calculation element receives expected frequence from control logic and memory element, with the centre frequency of determining that given signal will be modulated.
9. reflector as claimed in claim 8, wherein the channel calculation element is exported a numeral that comprises integer part and fractional part, fractional part is passed through data convergent-divergent processor with scalar gain, wherein reflector also comprises a combiner, be used for receiving fractional part from data convergent-divergent processor, and the phase signal of receiving phase-frequency detector output.
10. reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein wideband phase modulator comprises:
-one ∑ Delta modulator is used to generate phase component information;
-one divider receives feedback carrier signal and phase component information from the ∑ Delta modulator, is used for the described divisor of dithering between the scope of divider value, phase component information is modulated on the feedback carrier signal;
-one phase place-frequency detector is used for receiving from divider the feedback carrier signal of modulation, and compares with reference signal from reference source, to generate a comparative result;
-one low-pass loop filter receives comparative result, and generates filtering output;
-one equalizer is used for the modulation compensated of signal;
-one voltage controlled oscillator, the filtering output that is used to respond low-pass loop filter generates a phase-modulated carrier, and wherein phase-modulated carrier also comprises the feedback carrier signal that divider receives.
11. reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein wideband phase modulator comprises:
-one ∑ Delta modulator, the phase component of received signal, and generate the phase modulation component signal;
-one combiner receives the phase modulation component information from the ∑ Delta modulator, and the integer part of receive channel computing element generation, and generates a merging output signal;
-one divider receives the merging output signal, is used for the described divisor of dithering between the scope of divider value, is modulated on the feedback carrier signal will merge output signal;
-one phase place-frequency detector is used for receiving from divider the relative phase of the feedback carrier signal of modulation, and it and reference signal from reference source are compared, to generate a comparative result;
-one low-pass loop filter receives comparative result, and generates filtering output;
The carrier oscillator of-one response filtering output is used to generate phase-modulated carrier, and wherein phase-modulated carrier also comprises the feedback carrier signal that divider receives.
12. reflector as claimed in claim 11, the wherein fractional part of the channel calculation element generation of the phase component merging of reception of ∑ Delta modulator and signal.
13. reflector as claimed in claim 1 also comprises a power control interface, is used to described baseband processor that one or more power control signals are provided.
14. reflector as claimed in claim 1 also comprises a power control interface, is used to described wideband phase modulator that one or more power control signals are provided.
15. reflector as claimed in claim 1 also comprises a power control interface, is used to described amplitude modulation amplifier that one or more power control signals are provided.
16. reflector as claimed in claim 1 also comprises a power management module, is used for managing the power of described reflector.
17. a method for transmitting signals comprises:
-by a baseband processor, be the polar coordinates that comprise amplitude and phase component with signal processing;
-described range weight is sent to the amplitude modulation amplifier that comprises independent controllable current source;
-described phase component is sent to described wideband phase modulator, to modulate on carrier wave, is sent to described amplitude modulation amplifier subsequently and amplifies with the control that puts on the described current source according to described range weight.
18. method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said baseband processor comprise the burst process element that is used for signal shaping; Be used for conversion of signals one-tenth is comprised polar utmost point treatment element of amplitude and phase component.
19. method as claimed in claim 17 also comprises by second baseband processor described signal is offered described baseband processor.
20. method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said burst process element comprises at least one filter.
21. method as claimed in claim 20, wherein said at least one filter comprises a plurality of FIR filters.
22. method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said is that the polar coordinates that comprise amplitude and phase component also comprise with signal processing, utilizes cordic algorithm conversion of signals to be become to comprise the polar coordinates of amplitude and phase component.
23. method as claimed in claim 17, the step of wherein handling described signal also comprises:
-in the range weight of signal, provide correction;
-inhibit signal range weight and phase component synchronously;
-convert the range weight of signal to a plurality of digit pulses;
The a plurality of digit pulses of-shaping;
-generate a plurality of digit pulses;
24. method as claimed in claim 17, the step of wherein handling described signal also comprises:
-correction of phase component is provided;
-phase component is converted to the derivative of phase place or frequency representation;
The gain of-convergent-divergent phase component;
-proofread and correct described phase component;
The deviation of discerning in the calibration of-phase modulation component;
The frequency of-foundation expection;
-in response to expected frequence, determine the centre frequency that given signal will be modulated.
25. method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the step of processing signals also comprises:
-generation phase component information;
-described the divisor of dithering between the scope of divider value is to be modulated at phase component information on the feedback carrier signal;
-the feedback carrier signal and the reference signal of modulation compared, to generate a comparative result;
-response comparative result generates a phase-modulated carrier, and wherein phase-modulated carrier also comprises the feedback carrier signal.
26. method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the step of processing signals also comprises:
The phase component of-received signal, and generate the phase modulation component signal;
-merge the integer part of phase modulation component information and the generation of channel calculation element, and generate a merging output signal;
-receive the merging output signal, be used for the described divisor of dithering between the scope of divider value, be modulated on the feedback carrier signal will merge output signal;
-relatively modulate the relative phase and the reference signal of feedback carrier signal, to generate a comparative result;
-response comparative result generates phase-modulated carrier, and wherein phase-modulated carrier also comprises the feedback carrier signal.
27. method as claimed in claim 26, wherein the phase component of received signal and the step that generates the phase modulation component signal also comprise, the fractional part that the receive channel computing element generates, and will it and phase component merging of signal.
28. method as claimed in claim 17 also is included as described baseband processor one or more power control signals is provided.
29. method as claimed in claim 17 also is included as described wideband phase modulator one or more power control signals is provided.
30. method as claimed in claim 17 also is included as described amplitude modulation amplifier one or more power control signals is provided.
31. method as claimed in claim 17, the one or more segmentations that also are included as described amplitude modulation amplifier generate one or more power control signals.
32. method as claimed in claim 17 also comprises the power in the described reflector of management.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US41686102P | 2002-10-08 | 2002-10-08 | |
| US60/416,861 | 2002-10-08 | ||
| US60/417,311 | 2002-10-08 | ||
| US10/454,697 | 2003-06-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1711734A true CN1711734A (en) | 2005-12-21 |
Family
ID=35707257
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200380102994 Pending CN1795611A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-07 | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for noise reduction in electromagnetic signal processing |
| CN 200380102964 Pending CN1711734A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-07 | Transmitter and methods of transmission using separate phase and amplitude modulators |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200380102994 Pending CN1795611A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-07 | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for noise reduction in electromagnetic signal processing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN1795611A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101102134B (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2011-06-22 | 美国博通公司 | Programmable mixed transmitter |
| US8411788B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2013-04-02 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Digital transmitters for wireless communication |
| CN103620623A (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2014-03-05 | Ask股份有限公司 | Method and device for modulating the amplitude of an electromagnetic signal transmitted by a wireless transceiver |
| CN107172000A (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2017-09-15 | 高通股份有限公司 | The symbol scaling with automatic growth control for radio communication |
| CN107342773A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-11-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | Coding, interpretation method and equipment |
| CN113169950A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-07-23 | 盈诺飞公司 | System and method for upsampling a stream of polar amplitude samples in a polar modulator |
-
2003
- 2003-10-07 CN CN 200380102994 patent/CN1795611A/en active Pending
- 2003-10-07 CN CN 200380102964 patent/CN1711734A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8411788B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2013-04-02 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Digital transmitters for wireless communication |
| CN101102134B (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2011-06-22 | 美国博通公司 | Programmable mixed transmitter |
| CN107172000A (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2017-09-15 | 高通股份有限公司 | The symbol scaling with automatic growth control for radio communication |
| CN103620623A (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2014-03-05 | Ask股份有限公司 | Method and device for modulating the amplitude of an electromagnetic signal transmitted by a wireless transceiver |
| CN103620623B (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2018-04-10 | Ask股份有限公司 | The amplitude modulation approach and equipment of the electromagnetic signal of non-contact receive-transmit system transmitting |
| CN107342773A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-11-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | Coding, interpretation method and equipment |
| CN108631789A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-10-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Coding, interpretation method and equipment |
| CN108631789B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-07-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Coding, interpretation method and equipment |
| US10389485B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2019-08-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Channel encoding and decoding method and device in wireless communications |
| US10958377B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2021-03-23 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Channel encoding and decoding method and device in wireless communications |
| CN113169950A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-07-23 | 盈诺飞公司 | System and method for upsampling a stream of polar amplitude samples in a polar modulator |
| CN113169950B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2023-11-03 | 盈诺飞公司 | Upsampling system and method for polar amplitude sample stream in polar modulator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1795611A (en) | 2006-06-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US20040264583A1 (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmitter, receiver and transceiver systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| US7751496B2 (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmitter, receiver and transceiver systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| US20050206448A1 (en) | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for electromagnetic processing | |
| US7343138B2 (en) | Compensating for load pull in electromagentic signal propagation using adaptive impedance matching | |
| CN1332923A (en) | Power 1-Q modulation systems and methods | |
| US7502422B2 (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmitter systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| US7254186B2 (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmitter, receiver and transceiver systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| EP1858165A2 (en) | Techniques for biasing a radio frequency digital to analog converter | |
| US6903619B2 (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmitter systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| US8068793B2 (en) | Method and system for enhancing efficiency by modulating power amplifier gain | |
| US6870435B2 (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmitter, receiver and transceiver systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| CN1711734A (en) | Transmitter and methods of transmission using separate phase and amplitude modulators | |
| US7340007B2 (en) | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for pre-emphasis filtering of a modulated signal | |
| EP1550230A2 (en) | Transmitter and method of transmission using separate phase and amplitude modulators | |
| EP1550279A2 (en) | Electromagnetic wave trasmitter systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| CN1711736A (en) | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for pre-emphasis filtering of a modulated signal | |
| US7245183B2 (en) | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for processing an electromagnetic wave | |
| EP1750411B1 (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmitter systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| US7526260B2 (en) | Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for linear signal modification | |
| CN1711735A (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmitter systems, methods and articles of manufacture | |
| WO2004034659A2 (en) | Method and apparatus for digital modulation using a cordic algorithm | |
| WO2004034658A2 (en) | Method of digital modulation and corresponding transmitter | |
| WO2004034570A1 (en) | Envelope elimination and restoration amplifier and method thereof | |
| JP2006512030A (en) | Signal generator | |
| WO2004034596A2 (en) | Method and apparatus for transmission using digital modulator |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20051221 |