CN1693102A - Triphibian flying car based on lifting tech. of wing - Google Patents

Abstract

A triphibian flying car based on the lift performance of wing is composed of a main body whose longitudinal cross-section is similar to that of wing for generating great lift force, a culvert-type propeller, a slipe-flow helm and surficial adsorptive layer for decreasing resistance. Its two models are disclosed.

Description

A kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of can be at land locomotion, in the air circle in the air and water in three hovercars of dwelling that cruise, belong to the multi-functional conveyer of aviation and automotive field.

Background technology:

Since the mankind invented motor plane since 100 years, the scientific worker is devoted to develop a kind of multi-functional transportation means that has aircraft and automobile function simultaneously always, existing both at home and abroad numerous patent of invention or the utility model patent relevant with hovercar.So far, also there are many countries successively to develop many hovercar model machines.For example, the hawk in the hovercar of the vehicle body band rotor of the M400 hovercar of U.S. Mo Le company exploitation, concept car (working clan's the private vehicle) the Gridlock Commuter of U.S. NASA, Boeing Company, the city of Israel, the new century flight number (PALV) of Holland and the RinspeedSenso of Switzerland etc. also there are many honest patriot able person in more domestic entity and individual to the hovercar challenge, but domestic so far do not see as yet concept car or model car public all with the crowd.In decades, though existing many individuals, mechanism or company have paid lot of manpower and material resources, attempt is captured this and is seemed uncomplicated two-purpose car, and it is limited to produce effects so far.In September, 2004, research institute of U.S. Department of Defense NASA and Boeing announce that they have grasped the hovercar principle, but just might drop into practicality after will arriving 25 years at least.As seen, the present difficulty that does not still break through in the world in the hovercar development.Where is root on earth? look back and research and develop the historical experience and the present situation in a nearly century of hovercar in the world, as if on the research and development thinking, have problems.The hovercar of very early time shows as simply, machinery, do not have intention.Inventor or manufacturing company are understood as the wing of auto body being installed aircraft simply, have just become the hovercar that can race can fly.In fact, with this simple arithmetic summation, the so-called hovercar that the thinking of addition in twos designs is the nondescript machinery of piecing together.Run on the ground, efficient and convenient not as general-utility car, motion aloft is again not as so flexible, the motor-driven and safety of aircraft.Therefore, be difficult to promote.In recent years, though this simply gather and design philosophy improvement is arranged, not thorough, fundamentally do not break away from and add the out-moded convention that auto body is pieced together out hovercar with aircraft wing.Only added modern control technology.In fact, aircraft and automobile are two kinds of machineries distinct, that move in the environment of two kinds of fundamental differences.The difference of essence is too big.Design the new thing that has automobile and aircraft function concurrently, must the principle and the whole profound understandings of function of two kinds of conveyers be gained a thorough understanding of through mastery of all relevant material, interpenetrate, just might property design both performances hovercar that have both, real.The characteristics of automobile are to run a good foot on the highway, be convenient to drive safely, again.The width that the vehicle body yardstick will be fit to the yardstick of highway, particularly left and right directions will be controlled at a scope interior (about 1.6～1.8 meters) that the track is wide.On the other hand, aircraft aloft can freely circle in the air.Speed than ground automobile is fast, also can fly high, and flies far, flies surely, can 6 degree of freedom activities on three dimensional space.Automobile can only be attached to ground-surface two-dimensional space motion.It mainly is the friction force that overcomes between tire and the ground.And aircraft mainly is to overcome the air resistance motion when aloft flying, but must produce enough lift, does not aloft degenerate to support whole aircraft.In addition, the method for operating of two kinds of movable machineries is also different, and automobile is by the working direction of bearing circle change wheel, and aircraft changes athletic posture by aerodynamic rudder (elevating rudder, yaw rudder and aileron).Therefore, must be devoted to two kinds of conveyers are organically combined, interpenetrate, you are among us and we are among you.This phenomenon that can not take into account or attend to one thing and lose sight of another at present why occurring, is because many contrivers are very few to auto body research.They handle the auto body of zero-lift isolatedly.It is treated as ground-surface optimum object, aerial burden and burden.In addition, one mentions " flying ", just only expects the rotor of common fixed wing (aspect ratio is greater than more than 6) or helicopter, seems non-these two kinds of equipment with big span not belong to! So, in order to dwindle mould, just come a method for folding: when ground runs, big span wing or rotor are accepted (after changeing 90 °), vertically placed to size.During lift-off, open " riding roughshod " again.What is more, simply abandons using aerodynamic principle to make hovercar obtain lift, uses simple thrust deflexion instead, obtains normal force, is similar to early stage vertical take-off and landing aircraft (VTOL aircraft), for example " hunt and exempt from dog " of Britain.Mr. Mo Le of the U.S. just is being based on this aerodynamic design philosophy of despising, and develops the M400 hovercar, and M400 utilizes 4～8 rotating combustion enginees, by thrust automobile is pushed in the air.From originally being actually a kind of rocket automobile, lack new meaning in design really.The result is that problem is many, and cost is too high.Based on above-mentioned analysis, the present invention brings into play the advantage of advanced aerodynamic design technology emphatically, carries out article on auto body, and vehicle body and wing are combined together.Manage to make vehicle body can produce enough big lift, avoid adopting excessive fixed wing of lateral dimension or rotor.When vehicle body become have enough big lift after, just established solid foundation for the hovercar of designing function admirable.

Summary of the invention

Main contents of the present invention are to use the thinking in my another invention-" making low aspect ratio wing increase the method and apparatus of lift ", will originally not produce the auto body of lift, are designed to provide " the lift vehicle body " of enough lift.Have under the situation of the auxiliary winglet that laterally increases steady effect not installing and fixing wing or rotor in addition or only install, to design hovercar.This hovercar has good lifting resistance characteristic, very high 1ift-drag ratio.To the watt level of engine installation, there is not special requirement.Desired power is the same with general-utility car basically, and airworthiness can be beautiful with the aviette comb, and ground run performance and common car are as good as.This is a kind of truly " hovercar ".

At first, the longitudinal profile of hovercar car body is designed to suitable aerofoil profile, for example Leibeck L1300 aerofoil profile or improved similar aerofoil profile.Be characterized in that relative thickness is especially big, but 1ift-drag ratio especially big (greater than 200).; because the width of auto body can not be greater than 80% of the width in a track; usually between 1.6～1.8 meters; and auto body length is about 5 meters, so the aspect ratio of auto body is roughly 0.32～0.36; belong to ultrashort aspect ratio; result according to the aerodynamics theory and practice shows, under the situation of so little aspect ratio, the lift coefficient of the vehicle body that is made of the wing section shape (for example when 10 ° of angles of attack) has only about 15% under the unlimited span situation.When 10 ° of angles of attack, the unlimited span (dimensional airfoil) lift coefficient is 1.1.And the lift coefficient with vehicle body of same section shape has only about 0.16.In order to solve the too small problem of vehicle body lift coefficient, adopt my another patent (02133862, PCT/CN/0301035) principle, proposition utilizes the polynary paulin wing further to increase the method for lift, promptly, 2～3 paulin fins identical with top airfoil curvature of (top airfoil) parallel placement on the aerofoil profile car body, the left and right sides is sealed at both ends, creates the condition of dimensional airfoil.The result can make the minimum vehicle body of lift change over to have the high lift body up to 2.8 left and right sides lift coefficient (the corresponding 10 degree angles of attack).Satisfied hovercar, do not installed and fixed in addition under the situation of the wing or rotor, also can reach the requirement of lift-off flight with common body width.

After the lift car body has been arranged, just can carry out full machine aerodynamic arrangement, select the power of driving engine for use, design and arrange stablize stabilator and indulge, the lateral control system.By the requirement of air worthiness regulation standard, satisfying under the condition of static stability marging, determine the layout and the structure of the flat seam wing and vertical tail, last, design the hovercar that meets road-holding property and stable code requirement.

Fixed-wing is not installed, is only produced lift, can bring the intrinsic quiet instability problem of roll direction yet by vehicle body.The opposing roll interference capability of hovercar is very poor, must address this problem.There is several different methods to take.For example, quiet time-dependent system is added artificial damping, install the negative feedback control loop of forming by vertical gyro that returns usually additional and realize increasing automatically surely.Other method is to adopt office's cloth of slip-stream rudder, and it is little to produce reaction constant, and the manipulation effect that operating torque is big is experienced roll trend by the aviator, rectifies a deviation with manual control mechanism rapidly, and the actv. artificial damping is provided, and makes cross motion stable.The third method is to install annular auxiliary wing additional, has roll above and stablizes turnover panel, and when aloft flying, roll is stablized turnover panel and trailed, and can increase lateral stability.Rear control's form also has multiple choices, the layout of the moving rudder of " V " double fins that for example falls fork and the ring wing, shrouded propeller and slip-stream rudder layout etc.

To carry out detailed, specific description by accompanying drawing below.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is used as " the lift vehicle body " of hovercar car body

Fig. 2, the full machine scheme drawing of the first embodiment of the present invention-I type hovercar

Fig. 3, I type hovercar front elevation

Fig. 4, annular empennage longitudinal sectional drawing

Fig. 5, suction and propelling screws reversing arrangement

Fig. 6 is used for the hydrofoil that water navigates by water

Fig. 7 laterally increases steady automation negative feedback loop block scheme

Fig. 8, the slidably baffle plate and the chute of control duct suction quantity.

Fig. 9, the full machine scheme drawing of the second embodiment of the present invention-II type hovercar

Figure 10, II type hovercar back view

The specific embodiment

In conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 10, describe two embodiment of the present invention in detail.

Fig. 1 is a hovercar vehicle body of the present invention, and vertical section 1 is a kind of have relative thickness, 1ift-drag ratio king size wing section shape.The vehicle body top is equipped with 3 paulin wings 2,3 and 4 that are used for lift-rising.The paulin fin is parallel to the top airfoil of base profile, is in the same place with body (the being vehicle body) mechanical link of basic aerofoil profile on the structure.Three paulins are wing to have become three left and right sides leak free ducts.Because the effect of the two dimensional effects and the paulin wing, this vehicle body has very high lift coefficient and big 1ift-drag ratio.Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the first embodiment of the present invention-Di 1 type hovercar.It is characterized in that lift vehicle body 1 adds as the afterbody ring wing 2 of longitudinal side to stabilizing device, add four wheels 14 and be connected to the car body below.Fig. 3 is the front elevation of I type hovercar.Can see three left and right sides osed top ducts of three wing one-tenth of paulin.Among the figure 7 is the guide grooves that are used for the opening and closing of steering current amount control desk.The longitudinal profile of the annular wing 2 among Fig. 2 is plotted in Fig. 4.As seen from Figure 4, the propelling spiral shell of hovercar is executed oar 3 and is placed in forefront in the ring wing, forms the very high duct propeller of efficient.Two pairs of slip-stream rudder 4 of deflection and the moving deflection of fork (managing vertically and roll control) and 5 (pipe lifting and roll controls) have in the same way synchronously in pairs been installed at the rear portion of the ring wing.By the rear portion of Fig. 1, can see the rear end air extractor duct that three little propellers 8,9,10 place the groove of the wing one-tenth of paulin.During airflight, three little propeller work can be absorbed duct boundary-layer all around, simultaneously, can accelerate air current flow speed, to produce bigger zone of negative pressure, play the initiatively effect of lift-rising.Fig. 5 shows two kinds of mode of operations of little propeller.When in water, navigating by water under the hovercar, behind hinge axis 17 Rotate 180 degree, make little propeller 8 be turned to the below of car body by connecting rod 16.Promote the propelling unit usefulness that car body advances for little propeller be can be used as under " water boat " state, should drive propeller 8 counter-rotatings, promote current and move backward, make car body acquisition propulsive force forward by controlling motor through belt 15.Fig. 6 expresses the structural shape of hydrofoil 11.Hydrofoil is installed on body bottom, when not needing to use, is close to the vehicle body below.When hovercar enters when navigating by water in the water, hydrofoil is released downwards abreast by two groups of mechanical linkages 12 and 13.Connecting rod 12 is made the tube bucket with hydraulic pressure and is linked to each other, and can control the position that it stops up and down, thereby change the angle of attack of hydrofoil.Fig. 7 is the negative feedback control loop that returns that is used to provide roll stability.Fig. 8 has represented a slice duct air flow control panel 6 and the guide groove 7 in the installation of hovercar leading edge locus.Control desk can slide up and down along groove 7, makes that the duct mouth opens wide fully, complete closed or mediate, thereby reaches the size of control lift.

Fig. 9 is the full machine scheme drawing that second scheme, one II type of the invention process makes little propeller.The car body of this scheme is to adopt ' lift car body ' 1, but different fully with I type hovercar both ways equally.First aspect has increased the subring wing 2.This ring wing can produce certain lift.The lower portion of the ring wing be can opening and closing two arcs 3 that the roll damping is provided.The difference of second aspect is level and the vertical stabilator 4 that empennage has partly adopted " V " type that falls.A pair of deflection is in the same way installed at the stabilator rear portion also can do the moving rudder face 5 of fork.Figure 10 has represented the back view of II type hovercar.As seen from the figure, be installed in the hovercar rear portion, place down within ' V ' as the screw propeller 8 of an engine installation part.The lateral stability of II type hovercar is to guarantee by the aerodynamic force dumping force weak point of the installation span than long auxiliary wing plate 3, need not introduce roll and stablize automation.Its shortcoming is after having increased ring air foil, and whole machine weight can increase to some extent.The efficient of yaw rudder and elevating rudder is not as slip-stream rudder height.

Embodiments of the invention is not limited to these two.Use principle provided by the present invention, can also design the hovercar of many other layouts of kind.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, stablize automation by lift vehicle body, ring-type empennage, duct propeller, slip-stream rudder, hydrofoil and roll and add that four wheels are formed.

2, a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, no fixed wing or rotor are by the lift vehicle body, fall " V " empennage, rear-mounted propeller, the subring wing and lateral stability damping panel thereof, hydrofoil and add that four wheels are formed.

3, according to claim 1 and 2 described a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, it is characterized in that: described lift vehicle body, has a heavy gauge by a kind of, the upper surface of the aerofoil profile of high lift-drag ratio aerodynamic characteristic is installed several parallel to each other, the two ends fully enclosed paulin wings and is formed, and the paulin wing and the vehicle body with wing section shape connect to one.

4, according to claim 1 a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, it is characterized in that: the afterbody stabilizer is made up of the annular wing that a longitudinal profile has the wing profile shape.

5, according to claim 1, described a kind of it is characterized in that: propelling screws places in the afterbody ring wing based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, and forms the duct propeller.

6, according to claim 1 a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, it is characterized in that: yaw rudder and elevating rudder all are installed in the rear portion in the afterbody ring wing, each rudder face by be installed in two of ring wing inwall can independent deflection, deflection and the moving book airfoil structure of fork are formed in the same way.

7, according to claim 1 a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, it is characterized in that: roll stablize automation be by vertical gyro as the inspiration element, be the negative feedback control loop that returns that control variable is formed with the roll rate.

8, according to claim 1 and 2 described a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, it is characterized in that: the bottom is equipped with and can releases downward vertically, can change the hydrofoil of the auxiliary winglet of the rectangle with good aeroperformance of the angle of attack as aquatic sports.The minor spiral slurry that is used for air-breathing control boundary-layer can turn over turnback downwards, becomes the propelling screws of hovercar water sailing.

9, according to claim 2 a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, it is characterized in that: an annular wing ring hired car body, be installed in lift vehicle body both sides and top, the lower part of the ring wing is made up of two room structures, and outside one deck can upwards open up into level attitude around a parallel ground-surface horizontal rotational shaft.When ground run, this one deck will be packed up, and be close to the ring wing.

10, according to claim 2 a kind of based on three of the wing lift-rising technology hovercar of dwelling, it is characterized in that: the afterbody stabilator is made up of two aerofoils of " V " type of falling, and the trailing edge of every stabilator partly is equipped with a rudder face, can equidirectional deflection, it is moving also can to make fork.

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