CN1632633A - Low polarization-related loss optical filter with adjustable wavelength in a wide range - Google Patents
Low polarization-related loss optical filter with adjustable wavelength in a wide range Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It is a wavelength-adjustable optics filter, which comprises fiber calibration couple module, polarization process module, optics thin film and plane reflection lens. It provides the total linear polarization beam through fiber calibration couple module and polarization process module to the optics thin film filter and then rotate the optics thin film filter to realize the adjusting functions of wavelength. The light path design adopts double-pass style, which comprises front and back beams in light path transmission.
Description
Affiliated technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of wavelength-tunable optics wave filter, especially based on the tunable optical filter of optical multilayer film.
Background technology:
Wavelength-tunable optics wave filter is that dense wave division multipurpose is separated the key element in usefulness (DWDM) optical-fiber network, because of thereby the adjustable within the specific limits single channel that can be applied in the dense wave division multipurpose optical transmission system of its response wave length is separated usefulness, used the dynamic wavelength in the wavelength-division multiplex system of ADD/DROP or wavelength Conversion to select, and the inhibition etc. of being excited spontaneous radiation of optical signalling.Core parts in adjustable filter are bandpass filter, and it can pass through a part of wavelength in the incident beam selectively, and reflects remaining wavelength.Relatively Chang Yong bandpass filter is generally selected Fabry-many resonator cavitys of Paro type optical thin film; Change the incident angle of incident beam by the rotary optical film,, thereby realize the purpose of frequency modulation so that the passband of optical thin film is to long wave direction or the drift of shortwave direction.Fig. 1 has provided the synoptic diagram of the frequency modulation mechanism of optical thin film.
Relation between the drift of the centre wavelength of the passband of optical thin film and the incident angle of light beam is provided by formula (1);
Wherein: λ is the centre wavelength of the passband when incident angle is θ, λ
0Be the centre wavelength of passband when light beam normal incidence; A is called as chirp parameter, is the parameter of the uniqueness of optical thin film, and every kind of concrete optical thin film design all has its specific A value.Fig. 2 is the frequency modulation curve of 1550 nano waveband 100GHz DWDM optical thin films of a routine, and ordinate is for the centre wavelength under the normal incidence serving as the centre wavelength after zero normalization.As seen change to 25 when spending from 0 degree when incident angle, the variation of the centre wavelength of passband is enough to cover whole C-wave band (1525 ~ 1565 nanometer) or L-wave band (1575 ~ 1615 nanometer) about 60 nanometers.
But be correlated with centre wavelength (PD λ) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) etc. of the optical property relevant with polarization of optical thin film such as Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL), polarization obviously degenerate along with the increase of beam incident angle.At first, the chirp parameter A value of optical thin film is difference with the difference of the polarization state of incident beam, thereby causes the S-polarization state different with the centre wavelength of P-polarization state, and this species diversity increases with the increase of incident angle.Secondly, polarization effect is also shown on the width of passband: promptly the passband width under a certain polarization state reduces with the increase of incident angle, so with the polarization state of its quadrature under the then corresponding increase of passband width, promptly both are opposite tendency.This is the physical phenomenon of an inherence of the logical optical thin film filter of band.The consequence of this two kinds of phenomenons stack is the passband width that greatly reduces under big incident angle and the PDL of increase.
The factor that another restriction optical thin film filter is worked under wide-angle comes from the light displacement that depends on wavelength that optical thin film causes, this displacement also will reduce the width of passband.For the light beam of an oblique incidence, the repeatedly reflection that produces in many resonator cavitys of optical thin film finally can make incident beam depart from the original direction of propagation.Fig. 3 has provided the synoptic diagram of this smooth displacement, and it is relevant with wavelength and light polarization, and promptly the light displacement of different wave length is different, and the light displacement under the different polarization states is also different.The displacement that light experienced that is in passband edge will be bigger than the displacement that light experienced at passband center, away from the light in the rejection zone of passband then basically displacement approach zero.Fig. 4 is that 1550 nano waveband 100GHz DWDM optical thin films of a routine are operated in the light displacement under the P-polarization state that the film of 6 degree during incident angles cause and the graph of a relation of wavelength.Horizontal ordinate is for centre wavelength being the wavelength value after zero normalization among the figure.For the purpose of contrast, the transmission spectrum of film is also drawn in the drawings; Solid line is a transmission spectrum, and dotted line is the light displacement.
Because the refractive index of the substrate of optical thin film is different with the refractive index of surrounding environment medium (being air under most of situation), substrate also can make incident light produce skew.But the caused skew of substrate and Wavelength-independent (strictly speaking, the light shift that the chromatic dispersion of baseplate material causes substrate is also relevant with wavelength, but its size is compared fully and can be ignored the dependence of wavelength with the caused smooth displacement of film).Total displacement of last incident light is the summation of the contribution of film and substrate, referring to the signal of Fig. 3.Outside the dependence to optical wavelength and polarization state, the caused this displacement of optical thin film is also relevant with concrete film design and incident angle.Different film design has different light displacements; The light displacement also is proportional to incident angle approximately linear, and promptly angle is big more, and the light displacement is big more.
This light displacement that changes with wavelength that optical thin film causes plays a part very crucial in traditional tunable optical filter.Fig. 5 is the light path synoptic diagram of a traditional tunable optical filter.The light that comes out from optical fiber is through inciding on the optical thin film filter with an oblique angle after the collimated, its transmitted light through lens focus to receiving optical fiber.Frequency modulation function is realized by the rotary optical film.Because the existence of the light displacement that causes of optical thin film, the light beam that sees through film filter will depart from optical axis, thereby make it produce angle loss that do not match when receiving optical fiber being coupled into.In order to remedy this extra loss,, traditional technology makes the optical axis that is positioned at condenser lens through the light beam of film again thereby being horizontal mobile focusing lens.Yet as shown in Figure 4, the caused smooth displacement of optical thin film changes with wavelength, and this conventional art can only remedy the light of a certain wavelength fully, and the light of its commplementary wave length still will stand the angle loss that do not match.Fig. 6 has shown the influence (with solid line represent) of the caused smooth displacement of optical thin film to the passband width of traditional adjustable filter shown in Figure 5, for showing contrast, the transmission spectrum when supposing not consider the caused smooth displacement of optical thin film also is drawn among the figure and (is represented by dotted lines).In this example, incident light is assumed to the P-polarization state, film filter is 1550 nano waveband 100GHz DWDM optical thin films of a routine, and the focal length of lens is 1.4mm, thereby and condenser lens introduced a transversal displacement and make the light that is positioned at passband central authorities obtain full remuneration.But loss is bigger owing to the light that is positioned at passband edge is not remedied fully, and the edge of passband has been drawn, and passband width is narrowed down.Incident angle is big more, and the caused smooth displacement of optical thin film is also big more, and the effect that narrows down of passband can be obvious more.
In sum, the polarization sensitivity of bandwidth effect that the optical property of optical thin film such as polarization are relevant and centre wavelength has brought restriction for the upper limit of operable incident angle; The caused light displacement with wavelength variations of optical thin film has then added further restriction.And then consider that traditional technology that remedies the light displacement is only effective to single wavelength and a certain specific incident angle, it is very limited using the spendable ranges of incidence angles based on the adjustable filter of optical thin film of conventional art.This makes and must allow tuning range cover whole C-or unusual difficulty of L-wave band, unless specialized designs special optical film.
Summary of the invention:
Realize that in order to overcome the above-described mode of rotary optical film filter of taking traditional adjustable filter of wavelength regulation can not be operated in the deficiency of big incident angle, the invention provides a kind of interior wavelength-tunable optics wave filter of wide region of low Polarization Dependent Loss.This adjustable filter adopts the mode of rotary optical film filter to regulate wavelength equally, and the conventional DWDM optical thin film on the application market can be accepted the incident angle up to 25 degree, thereby can cover whole C-or L-wave band.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: twin-core fiber and lens are formed fiber optic collimator coupling module, wherein two of twin-core fiber parallel distributions of optical fiber.The light of the outgoing of optical fiber from twin-core fiber incides the polarization manipulation module through collimated.The polarization manipulation module can be decomposed into incident light two the parallel beamlets that have identical S-or P-polarization state and spatially separate, and continues to incide symmetrically the physical centre of optical thin film filter thereafter then.Optical thin film filter in the plane at two beamlet places of incident or with its plane orthogonal in rotation to realize the wavelength regulation effect.Two beamlets that see through optical thin film filter impinge perpendicularly on a plane mirror subsequently; Former road is returned after by the plane reflection mirror reflection, for the second time by optical thin film filter, then for the second time by the polarization manipulation module.The polarization manipulation module can be merged into two beamlets that return the single beam of an edge and the different propagated of incident light, appears for No. two through lens focus optical fiber to the twin-core fiber then.
Among the present invention because optical thin film filter receives is single polarized light, the PDL and the phenomenon that narrows down by the caused bandwidth of the relevant optical property of the polarization of optical thin film in the time of can effectively solving optical thin film filter and be operated in big incident angle; And, can further eliminate of the influence of the surperficial heterogeneity of optical thin film to the PDL characteristic because two beamlets incide the physical centre of optical thin film filter thereafter symmetrically.Since light beam with complete same path but twice in opposite direction by optical thin film filter, its caused smooth displacement can be cancelled out each other, thereby has reached the effect to all wavelengths and the caused excess loss of all incident angle full remuneration light displacements; Bilateral formula scheme is further suppressed the rejection zone of film filter, thereby better adjacent and non-adjacent channel isolation can also be provided.And the scheme that homonymy goes out optical fiber provides bigger design space for the miniaturization of equipment.
A specific embodiment of the present invention will specify in conjunction with legend below.
The beneficial effect that the present invention brought is to need not the active temperature monitoring thereby have wavelength-tunable optics wave filter in the wide region of low Polarization Dependent Loss cheaply for Fiber Optical Communication System and network provide a kind of.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is an optical thin film wavelength regulation principle schematic.
Fig. 2 is the frequency modulation curve of 1550 nano waveband 100GHz DWDM optical thin films of a routine.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the light displacement that causes of optical thin film.
Fig. 4 is the transmission spectrum of the light displacement that causes of 1550 nano waveband 100GHz DWDM optical thin films of a routine with wavelength change figure and this film.
Fig. 5 is the light path synoptic diagram of a traditional adjustable filter based on optical thin film.
Fig. 6 is the Theoretical Calculation of the caused smooth displacement of optical thin film filter to the filter bandwidht influence.
Fig. 7 is the light path synoptic diagram of the adjustable filter of design according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is that the adjustable filter based on Fig. 7 of theoretical modeling is operated in the 23 insertion losses of degree during incident angles
Fig. 9 is that the adjustable filter based on Fig. 7 of theoretical modeling is operated in the 2 insertion losses of degree during incident angles.
100. twin-core fibers among the figure, 101. lens, 102. birefringece crystals, 103. two-in-one half-wave plates, 104. Faraday rotator, 105A (B). angle of wedge prism, 106. birefringece crystals, 107. Faraday rotators, 108. half-wave plate, 109. optical thin film filters, 110. plane mirrors.
Embodiment:
Fig. 7 is according to the vertical view of the optical schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention and side view.This adjustable filter is made up of three functional modules.First module is the fiber optic collimator coupling module, comprises twin-core fiber (100) and lens (101); Second module is the polarization manipulation module, comprise first block of birefringece crystal (102), a two-in-one half-wave plate (103), first Faraday rotator (104), two angle of wedge prisms (105A and 105B), second block of birefringece crystal (106), second Faraday rotator (107), and a half-wave plate (108); The 3rd functional module is the wavelength regulation module, comprises optical thin film filter (109) and plane mirror (110).
In Fig. 7, input light represents that with solid line back light is represented with dotted line; Be marked on input and represent that this light is the P-polarization state on the light to lack solid line, be marked on the input light with black circle and represent that this light is the S-polarization state; Equally, be marked on short dash line and represent on the return projector that this light is the P-polarization state, and represent the S-polarization state with soft dot.Two optical fiber in the twin-core fiber are positioned at surface level.The optical fiber of input light from twin-core fiber (100) enters, and incides first birefringece crystal (102) with an offset angle behind lens (101) collimation.This offset angle is by the twin-core interval and the focal length of lens decision of optical fiber.Because the optical axis of birefringece crystal (102) is positioned at vertical plane, incident light unpolarized or random polarization will be decomposed into ordinary light (S-polarization) and extraordinary ray (P-polarization) in vertical plane, then with the parallel ejaculation crystal of certain space interval.(annotate: when incident light is single S-polarization or P-polarization, will have only a beamlet in the light path.But the optical fiber emergent light in the practical application is random polarization light or elliptically polarized light under most of situation) two-in-one half-wave plate (103) by vertical plane in up and down two half-wave plates form, the optical axis of last wave plate becomes 22.5 degree angles with vertical plane, and wave plate is 67.5 degree angles down.The beamlet of the P-polarization that penetrates from birefringece crystal (102) is through last wave plate (103) rear polarizer attitude rotation 45 degree, and the Faraday rotator (104) that is right after thereafter gives the rotations of 45 degree again, thereby becomes the S-polarization; The beamlet of S-polarization is then keeping its S-polarization state after (103) and (104).
The angle of wedge direction of two angle of wedge prisms (105A and 105B) is parallel to surface level; Two prisms is identical, and is axis of symmetry mirror-symmetrical in surface level with lens (100).Guarantee be parallel to the optical axis of lens through behind the prism at the angle of wedge that makes prism in the optical design, and the light of the optical axis that is parallel to lens of reverse incident is penetrated with the offset angle that is equal to incident light after seeing through prism with the light beam of offset angle incident.
Observe in surface level, the beamlet that incides two bundle P-polarizations of angle of wedge prism (105B) will be parallel to lens axis and penetrate, and its polarization state remains unchanged.The optical axis of another birefringece crystal (106) thereafter is positioned at surface level, so the beamlet of two bundle P-polarizations of incident will produce skew.Faraday rotator (107) makes the P-polarized light of incident produce the polarization rotation of 45 degree; Thereafter 22.5 degree half-wave plates (108) produce 45 additional degree rotations.The two bundle beamlets that incide optical thin film filter (109) at last will be linear S-polarizations.Two bundle beamlets are distributed in the physical centre of film symmetrically, thereby the PDL that the heterogeneity owing to film surface is caused improves.
Observe in vertical plane, the two bundle beamlets that incide optical thin film are linear P-polarizations.Optical thin film transfers in the vertical plane inward turning and realizes the wavelength regulation function, thereby its light displacement that causes is in vertical plane.Plane mirror (110) is arranged perpendicular to incident beam; Folded light beam is returned former road, and passes through optical thin film filter for the second time.The design of this bilateral formula has two advantages: at first be that the light displacement that optical thin film causes can obtain fully offsetting at all wavelengths and incident angle, thereby the caused bandwidth of the light displacement phenomenon that narrows down is disappeared; Secondly, the design of bilateral formula is further suppressed the rejection zone of film, can obtain the isolation of better adjacency channel and non-adjacent passage.
Switch in surface level and observe, the beamlet of the two bundle S-polarizations that return is constant through half-wave plate (108) and Faraday rotator (107) rear polarizer attitude, do not produce any skew ground then through birefringece crystal (106), incide angle of wedge prism (105A) abreast.As above state, the two bundle S polarized lights that return produce downward deviation, become the mirror image symmetry with incident light at lens axis.Observe in vertical plane, it is constant that Faraday rotator afterwards (104) and two-in-one half-wave plate (103) make the top beamlet of the P-polarization that returns keep polarization state, and the beamlet of bottom S-polarization also keeps its polarization state.Two beamlets that birefringece crystal (102) will return are merged into a branch of, focus to another core in the twin-core fiber and appear via lens (101).This design makes this equipment can obtain good return loss (Return Loss) and directivity (Directivity).
For the reflection that prevents optical thin film filter directly is coupled into output optical fibre, the operating angle of film can not be zero.The 1550 nano waveband 100GHz DWDM optical thin films of selecting a routine are as wave filter, and we have carried out theoretical modeling to the adjustable filter according to this invention design.Operating angle is chosen between 2 degree and 23 degree.Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 be theoretical prediction when operating angle respectively in the insertion loss of 23 degree and 2 when spending.For showing contrast, the single-pass transmission spectrum of pure optical thin film (not relating to the optical fiber coupling) is also drawn in the drawings, is represented by dotted lines.For+/-the customer requirement passband of 15GHz, additional+/-the temperature protection band of 5GHz can guarantee do not drift about out the free transmission range of customer requirement of in the market most of 100GHz optical thin film between 0 degree centigrade and 70 degrees centigrade; The passband that protects like this will be+/-20GHz.Conditional indicator requires the adjacent channel isolation of 30dB; Be the clear optical property that shows this equipment, index line also marks in the drawings.From Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 can see when this equipment in whole C-wave band during frequency modulation, the adjacent channel isolation of 30dB can be met.And owing to incide the only single polarization state of optical thin film filter, this equipment can provide good PDL and PMD performance.
Optical thin film essence is passive passive device, and its good thermal stability makes the adjustable filter according to this invention design need not initiatively monitoring temperature; And optical design of the present invention makes it can use in the market conventional optical thin film.The invention provides the interior adjustable filter of wide region of a kind of low cost and low PDL.
Claims (3)
1. wavelength-tunable optics wave filter in the wide region of a low Polarization Dependent Loss comprises the fiber optic collimator coupling module, the polarization manipulation module, and optical thin film filter and plane mirror is characterized in that:
A. the fiber optic collimator coupling module provides the incident light of collimation;
B. the polarization manipulation module is positioned at after the fiber optic collimator coupling module, incident light can be decomposed into to have two the parallel beamlets that separate on identical S-or P-linear polarization state and the space;
C. optical thin film filter is positioned at after the polarization manipulation module, two beamlets that the polarization manipulation module produces incide the physical centre of optical thin film filter symmetrically, optical thin film filter the plane at two beamlet places or with its plane orthogonal in rotation to change beam incident angle;
D. a plane mirror is positioned at after the optical thin film filter and perpendicular to incident beam.Two beamlets by the plane reflection mirror reflection after former road return, for the second time by optical thin film filter, and for the second time by the polarization manipulation module time, be merged into along with the single beam of the different propagated of incident light, export through the fiber optic collimator coupling module.
2. wavelength-tunable optics wave filter in the wide region of low Polarization Dependent Loss according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fiber optic collimator coupling module comprises:
A. a twin-core fiber, wherein two parallel distributions of optical fiber;
B. lens, be positioned at after the twin-core fiber, two optical fiber are positioned at same plane in its optical axis and the twin-core fiber, and are parallel and be positioned at two optical fiber central authorities, with the optical alignment of an outgoing of optical fiber in the twin-core fiber, and the light that will return focuses to No. two output of optical fiber in the twin-core fiber.
3. wavelength-tunable optics wave filter in the wide region of low Polarization Dependent Loss according to claim 1 is characterized in that described polarization manipulation module comprises in proper order along the incident light direction of propagation:
A. first birefringece crystal can be decomposed into the incident light of random polarization two the parallel beamlets that have mutually orthogonal polarization state and spatially separate in vertical plane, and surface level is the plane at two optical fiber places in the described twin-core fiber;
B. a two-in-one half-wave plate is made up of two half-wave plates up and down in the vertical plane.One of them wave plate is with polarization state rotation 45 degree of a beamlet, and another wave plate is with polarization state reverse rotation 45 degree of another beamlet;
C. first Faraday rotator is spent polarization of incident light attitude rotation 45;
D. two angle of wedge prisms that are equal to are positioned at surface level and become the mirror image symmetry with described lens axis.It is parallel with described lens axis that one of them prism is that the light with oblique incidence is transformed into, and another prism is that the reverse incident light that will be parallel to lens axis penetrates with an oblique angle;
E. second birefringece crystal, its offset distance to non-ordinary light is identical with first birefringece crystal, but the offset direction becomes 90 degree with first birefringece crystal;
F. second Faraday rotator spent polarization of incident light attitude rotation 45;
G. a complete half-wave plate is spent the polarization of incident light attitude rotation 45 of linear polarization.
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| CNB2003101145508A CN100392447C (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | Low polarization-related loss optical filter with adjustable wavelength in a wide range |
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| CN2442293Y (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2001-08-08 | 陈清明 | Multistage series double refractory narrow band light filter for optical fiber communication |
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| JP2002353555A (en) * | 2001-05-24 | 2002-12-06 | Sun Tec Kk | External resonator type tunable semiconductor laser |
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| WO2010075809A1 (en) * | 2009-01-04 | 2010-07-08 | 上海舜宇海逸光电技术有限公司 | Optical fiber magneto-optical detecting device |
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| CN101614770B (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-11-16 | 西安交通大学 | Surface charge measuring system based on electrical optical effect |
| CN101655578B (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-04-06 | 华中科技大学 | Method for lowering insertion loss of optical fiber Fabry-Perot filter |
| CN102023397B (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2013-02-06 | 福州高意通讯有限公司 | Dimmable filter |
| CN102081196B (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-25 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Two-port tunable TFF optical filter |
| CN102081196A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-06-01 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Two-port tunable TFF optical filter |
| CN102323644B (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2014-07-23 | 武汉朗睿科技有限公司 | Tunable filter based on rotary optical filter and filtering method thereof |
| CN102323644A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-01-18 | 武汉朗睿科技有限公司 | Tunable filter based on rotary optical filter and filtering method thereof |
| CN102608708A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-25 | 华中科技大学 | Wavelength-adjustable optical filter |
| CN102608708B (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-06-26 | 华中科技大学 | Wavelength-adjustable optical filter |
| CN104820295A (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-08-05 | 奥普林克通信公司 | Athermal Faraday rotator mirror |
| CN104820295B (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2020-04-28 | 奥普林克通信公司 | Athermal Faraday rotator mirror |
| CN109154700A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2019-01-04 | 瞻博网络公司 | Light coupling devices and method |
| CN109154700B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2022-06-03 | 瞻博网络公司 | Optical coupling apparatus and method |
| CN108227083A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-29 | 福州高意通讯有限公司 | A kind of wavelength-selective switches |
| CN112255814A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-22 | 昂纳信息技术（深圳）有限公司 | Narrow-band adjustable filter |
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