CN1595873A - Network examination system based on mixed architecture and multiple safety mechanism, and implementing method thereof - Google Patents
Network examination system based on mixed architecture and multiple safety mechanism, and implementing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention is a network examining system based on mixed structure and multiple safety mechanisms, a core server connects examination room servers and examination administrating terminals in all the places through Internet or LAN; the examination room server, examination administrating terminal and many examinee terminals are interconnected by LAN or wide-band Internet so as to compose an examination room, the examinee terminal is connected with the examination room server through B/S - C/S mixed structure; in the system, only after the ID is verified by the digital certificate between the terminal and server can they transmit the data; the examinee terminal accesses the core server by http protocol in a specified time to apply for data transmission, and only by this, it can start transmitting examination paper and examinee answers between the core server and the examination room server by the SOAP protocol, and encrypts the transmitted data by the public key infrastructure (PKI) mechanism of digital certificate of examination room server; the examination administrating terminal accesses the transmitted information from examination room server to control the examining process in an operating interface; after the environment is screened, the examinee terminal communicates with the examination room server through the SOAP protocol.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of network system platform and method that is used for online exam, exactly, relate to a kind of network test system and its implementation, belong to network communications technology field based on mixed architecture and multiple securities mechanism.
Background technology
The network remote development of educational cause is rapid in recent years, and the school that carries out the Web education pilot through Ministry of Education's approval has 67, and student's quantity of accepting Web education surpasses 1,000,000.Enforcement needs the Web education support platform that the Web education environment of multinomial functions such as comprising resource, management, evaluation, teaching is provided based on the Web education of IP network.
Domestic many units have developed the Web education support platform, provide the necessary technology basis to Web education.Wherein, based on the remote test of IP network is an important ring in the Web education back-up environment, but, up to now, really remote test system that can be practical is also very rarely seen, when other links of Web education were ripe gradually, the defective of examination system had become the bottleneck that hinders its omnibearing electronicization.
Now, the examination form of remote teaching remains based on paper Jie.This traditional examination mode is worked out examination paper by the teacher according to examination outline earlier, submits to Test Centre then, by Test Centre's unified printing back sealing, and is escorted to each examination point by the special messenger before examination.Invigilator teacher by the locality is responsible for the examination hall affairs in the test period, and finishes the back in examination and be responsible for giving teaching point in various places examination paper, and the unified again training center that sends back to reads and makes comments for the teacher that gos over examination papers and marks.Go over examination papers through unified at last, the statistical conditions of achievement are sent back to the teaching point for examinee's inquiry.This examination mode flow process is loaded down with trivial details, and it is many to relate to personnel, and operation period is long, inefficiency, and effect is bad.Therefore, the development of telecommunication network examination system has major and immediate significance.
Online exam is by the teacher that makes the test paper to be passed to training center's server, and training center's server is responsible for download by secure network by the special messenger as encrypt file with paper.During examination, the student is answer on computers.After examination finishes, examination paper is encrypted and by secure web-page paper is fed back to training center by the special messenger, training center passes to the teacher's scoring of going over examination papers to test paper, at last appraisal result is imported the student information database of training center, inquires about achievement on the net for the examinee simultaneously.Therefore, online exam is more simple to operate, quick than traditional written examination.
At present, advantages such as the examination system that is used for the network examination hall mostly has the user interface close friend, safeguards easily, reusability is good, but, existing network test system mostly is a single architecture, wherein a kind of is single browser/server (B/S) structure: the examinee only need utilize browser Connection Service device to take an exam, examinee's terminal need not to install client, and user interface is abundant, friendly; But the system of this structure to the control ratio of examinee's terminal a little less than, uncontrollable examinee carries out other irrelevant operation in computer.The fairness and the fail safe of examination are not high, are not suitable for formal examination.Another kind is single client/server (C/S) structure: its control to examination is stronger, and the user is easy to use; Defective is can't fine processing distributed objects, and to the maintenance of server end and examinee's terminal difficulty relatively, system upgrade is difficulty relatively.
Moreover existing network test system all improves a lot at aspects such as component technology, server end technology and user interfaces, and the examinee who makes the non-computer specialty is light left-hand seat also, does not need extra technical ability.But, on information security, but lack a whole set of complete assurance mechanism, can not adapt to the development need of the changeable modern network examination of examination mode demand.
Therefore, how to sum up each problem that existing network examination hall exists, framework defective and information security issue at the existing network examination system propose improvement project, for online exam provides safe and practical system platform, to promote the development of Web education, become the hot subject that the insider pays close attention to.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of network test system and its implementation based on mixed architecture and multiple securities mechanism, this system adopts that can to adapt to the examination mode demand changeable and meet the B/S of corresponding management function and the mixed architecture of C/S, and multiple security assurance information measure is provided, utilize this method can guarantee to take an examination to carry out smoothly safe transmission and processing with related data information.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of network test system based on mixed architecture and multiple securities mechanism, comprise central server and connection thereof teacher's user terminal, examination hall server, management examination examine affair terminal and examinee's terminal; It is characterized in that: described central server connects a plurality of examination halls server that is distributed in various places and examines the affair terminal by internet or local area network (LAN); The examination hall server of various places, examine affair terminal and a plurality of examinee's terminal and connect to form the examination hall of online exam by local area network (LAN) or broadband the Internet, the mixed architecture of browser/server and client/server is adopted in the connection between each examinee's terminal and the examination hall server; In this system, examine between affair terminal or examinee's terminal and central server and the testing server and all need could transmit data through after the digital certificate mode demonstration validation identity based on the PKI system; Examine the affair terminal stipulated time of central server with http protocol access central server, the request for data transmission, could start and utilize Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP transmission examination paper and student's answer between central server and each examination hall server, and the transmission data be carried out asymmetric encryption with the digital certificate PKIX PKI mechanism of examination hall server; Examine the affair terminal and visit examination hall server transmission message, control whole examination process at operation interface in the http mode; With utilizing Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP to communicate between examinee's terminal behind the client software shielding environment and the examination hall server.
The bandwidth that described central server connects network is 100M/1000M, and operating system is Windows2000 Server, and database and application server can be positioned at same server; The bandwidth that described examination hall server connects network is 100M, and computer operating system is Windows 2000 Server or Windows 2000Professional, and Web server is PIII more than 800, the PC level server of internal memory more than 256; The described affair office terminal of examining is for installing web browser Internet Explorer6.0, the PC microcomputer of PII more than 450, more than the internal memory 128M, and its operating system is Windows 2000 Professional or Windows XP; Described examinee's terminal is that examinee's terminal software, the PII PC microcomputer more than 450, more than the internal memory 128M is installed, and its operating system is Windows 2000 Professional or Windows XP.
Described examinee's terminal is examinee's client software to be installed and the computer that is used for online exam that the transformation of common computer terminal is formed under Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system, the registration table of this client software retouching operation system, the interface display of SHIELDING CALCULATION machine, to change this computer run environment, make the examinee can only see the content relevant with examination, forbid including but not limited to copy, stickup and the right mouse button operation of keyboard, prevent that the examinee from utilizing the original program of examinee's terminal or practise fraud by network.
Adopting the mixed architecture of browser/server (B/S) and client/server (C/S) to be connected between described examinee's terminal and the examination hall server is meant: examinee's terminal is equipped with client software, connects the examination hall server by local area network (LAN) or broadband the Internet with client/server (C/S) framework; But be packaged with browser control part in this client software, and it is the soap protocol encapsulation of http protocol that the communication information between examinee's terminal and the server adopts bottom, makes that this examinee's terminal is to use the page of browser access examination hall server to the visit essence of examination hall server.
Database in the described central server regularly carries out data backup, and each examination hall server all is provided with backup server.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of implementation method of the network test system based on mixed architecture and multiple securities mechanism is characterized in that: comprise following operating procedure:
(1) examines affair terminal login central server, after the affirmation identity, apply for downloading examination paper and other examination data message in the stipulated time at central server;
(2) central server sends http connection application to the examination hall server, and the examination hall server returns connection response, and the PKI of this examination hall server is sent to central server by soap protocol; After the successful connection, central server carries out asymmetric encryption with the PKI of examination hall server the packing compression of examination related data and with the PKI of examination hall server, by Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP load mode data encrypted is transferred to the examination hall server again; The examination hall server returns the transmission result to central server, and with its private key encrypted packets is deciphered after receiving the examination data, finishes a data transfer, prepares to distribute papers; Like this, even in network transmission process, some responsive data is intercepted by the people in the online exam, does not have the private key of examination hall server also can't decipher;
(3) examine affair terminal login examination hall server after, send message by operation interface to the examination hall server, control whole examination process;
(4) examinee's terminal connects after the server of examination hall, starts the examination client software and carries out the environment setting, and common computer is transform as the special-purpose examinee's terminal of examination; Logining testing server again confirms identity and by behind the environmental test, obtains the examination paper of testing server distribution; The examinee is in the answer of examinee's terminal, and the answer that will utilize the PKI of examination hall server to carry out asymmetric encryption is submitted to the examination hall server in real time by soap protocol; The examination hall server is then stored the examination answer, and regularly sends backup server to;
(5) examination finishes or examinee when initiatively handing in an examination paper, and the examination hall server returns the page that requires the examinee to check on one's answers to do digital signature; After the examinee checks on one's answers and finishes digital signature, examinee's end of taking an examination; Examination client running environment with examinee's terminal reverts to the common computer interface environments afterwards;
(6) examine the affair terminal and add up this examination data, the problem in the record examination will be transferred to the examination hall server after relevant information arrangement, the packing compression again;
(7) examine affair terminal login central server and confirm identity after, to central server application transmission examination test paper and related data;
(8) after central server connected the examination hall server, the examination hall server was sent to central server to examination test paper and related data by soap protocol, finishes whole examination process.
In described step (1), (3), (4), (6), comprise that user terminal login central server or the testing server of examining affair terminal or examinee's terminal all are that its process further comprises following operation with digital certificate mode identity verification:
(11) after user terminal enters the application system login page, download and install ActiveX control, read the user certificate of this machine of being installed in, and verify the password of user certificate, to confirm the validity of this certificate by this control;
(12) user terminal sends registration to server;
(13) server produces a random number and this random number is signed with server certificate, again this server certificate, random number and random number signature is sent to user terminal together;
(14) the received server signature correctness of user terminal checking if signature is correct, then produces a random number, and utilizes self private key to carry out digital signature; Behind signature, user certificate, random number and random number signature are sent to server together; Incorrect if sign, then require server to resend;
(15) whether the random number of the received user terminal of server authentication signature is correct, confirms that the back extracts the unique identification of user certificate from user certificate; Do not confirm, then require user terminal to resend;
(16) server send user ID in backstage and the database and compares with this user right, and returns the comparatively validate result to subscription client.
Described step (4) further comprises following operation:
(41) examinee's terminal connects test to examination hall server transmission soap protocol packet;
(42) examinee's terminal starts the examination client software and carries out the environment setting after the server successful connection of examination hall, common computer is transform as examinee's client terminal of online exam;
(43) examinee's terminal is connected the examination hall server in the digital certificate mode with the http mode and carries out authentication and environmental test, after check, obtains examination paper when the examination beginning, or obtains the examination answer help the page before examination;
(44) examinee has whenever answered a problem in the answer of examinee's terminal, communicates by letter with the soap protocol between the server of examination hall and answer is submitted to the examination hall server with regard to triggering examinee's terminal; The examination hall server returns confirmation to examinee's terminal after receiving answer;
(45) after the examination hall server is received answer, it is write hard-disc storage; And regularly adopt file transfer protocol (FTP) ftp mode that backup server is delivered in answer and preserve.
With the examination client software examinee's terminal is carried out the environment setting in the described step (42), common computer is transform as the special-purpose examinee's terminal of examination comprise following content of operation:
Revise in the Windows operating system including, but not limited to starting the part registry information of menu, desktop, taskbar, system's start menu with client software, and this part registry information before will revising stores in the extensible markup language XML file, interface display with the SHIELDING CALCULATION machine exchanges with other unnecessary network information, makes the examinee can only see the content relevant with examination;
When examination was carried out, client software was by the message of system hook intercepting keyboard or mouse, and this message is redefined, with the associative operation of the right button of copy, stickup and the mouse of forbidding including but not limited to keyboard; Simultaneously, whether client software monitoring windows window ID detects the examinee and adopts nonconventional approaches to open and the irrelevant windows window of examination system in examination, if find to have such window, just closes it automatically.
Described step (4) breaks down or examinee's terminal and examination hall server network when taking place to interrupt in examinee's terminal, and the examinee needs login again to take an exam and the operation of the examination answer that recovers to have finished, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(46) examinee's starting terminal client software carries out authentication again;
(47) by after the authentication, the examination hall server finds the answer file of storing for the examinee of login in its server, and this extensible markup language XML file is resolved interface by XML resolve, obtain corresponding topic number and answer content, the contrast topic number is written to answer data in examinee's the examination paper again; And related news are fed back to examinee's terminal.
Check on one's answers in the described step (5) and carry out digital signature and further comprise following operation:
(51) examinee's terminal sends to the examination hall server and requires to carry out the application of digital signature;
(52) the examination hall server finds the answer data of examinee's correspondence of real free, and this answer data is got the processing of HASH value, obtain one with the unique corresponding eap-message digest of these data, again this eap-message digest is sent to examinee's terminal;
(53) examinee's terminal is carried out digital signature to eap-message digest, and sends to server;
(54) digital signature of the received examinee's terminal of server stores is returned the transmission result to examinee's terminal simultaneously.
In the described step (5) the examination client running environment of examinee's terminal is reverted to the common computer interface environments and comprise following content of operation: after examination, client software reads the registry information that backups in the extensible markup language XML file, and one by one this information is write registration table, so that after nullifying or restarting computer, the computer run environment recovery is become and the preceding identical operations environment of examination.
As everyone knows, client/server (Client/Server) structure is to build on the local area network (LAN) basis, provides by specialized server to connect and data exchange service.This structure is paid attention to flow process, can at many levels verification authority, and control information safety very capable is generally used for typical centralized mechanical type processing; But interactive performance is low.Browser/server (Browser/Server) structure is the development along with the Internet technology, a kind of brand-new software system construction technology that improving of C/S structure produced.In this structure, user interface realizes by Web browser that fully a part of affairs logic realizes at front end, but main affairs logic realizes at server end.This B/S structure is mainly utilized the Web browser technology of continuous maturation, multiple script (Script) language (JavaScript, VBScript etc.) and ActiveX technology in conjunction with browser, just can realize the power that needed complex proprietary software to realize originally with general browser, save development cost greatly.The advantage of B/S structure is that examinee's terminal need not to install client software, adopt the Web browser of standard just can take an examination, and all application services all is placed on server end.If but adopt this structure merely, examinee's terminal is not transformed, also very weak to the control of examinee's terminal.When examination, must control examinee's terminal, can not allow them utilize computer and Internet resources to practise fraud.
The method that system of the present invention adopts browser/server and client/server mixed architecture to form the examination hall network can be improved the deficiency of above two kinds of independent structures well.In mixed architecture, examinee's terminal no longer is the like that just simple mode that adopts browser of B/S, but installation and operation a client software; And all application services of system all are placed on the examination hall server end.In client software, combine expression and service logic, combine database server, show that this moment, examinee's terminal and examination hall server were a typical C/S frameworks by network.Yet the present invention has encapsulated the InternetExplorer browser control part of Microsoft in client software, makes examinee's terminal come down to adopt browser to visit the examination hall server page to the visit of server.The information interchange of client and server is to adopt soap protocol to encapsulate on the other hand, because the underlying protocol of soap protocol is a http protocol, in this sense, communication interaction between the C/S is not traditional Client/Server communication, more similarly be Browser/Service communication, i.e. the communication of B/S access server.Therefore, network of the present invention examination hall is comprehensively used B/S and C/S structure and is become both mixture, make network test system have the B/S structure flexibly, on the basis of characteristics such as expressed in abundance, strengthened control by client software again to examinee's terminal.
The information interchange between Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP realization client terminal and the server is adopted in network of the present invention examination hall, rather than directly adopt the modes such as Socket interface communication of client and server, be to consider that the bottom http protocol that soap protocol adopts can pass through fire compartment wall, can make the network examination hall can connect the more users terminal and application is widely arranged.Because soap protocol is based on the XML technology, whole network examination hall has made full use of the benefit that the XML technology is brought.
Network test system of the present invention takes maltilevel security mechanism that information is realized good safeguard protection.For example utilize the PKI system to guarantee the information security of system for the digital certificate mode of theoretical foundation: the examination paper that examination is used and student's answer are uploaded at examination hall server and central server and are all utilized PKI mechanism to carry out the asymmetric encryption transmission in the downloading process; After examinee and Kao affair terminal all need utilize the digital certificate mode to login testing server demonstration validation identity, associative operation just can take an exam; By the digital signature of examinee, confirm the anti-property denied of examinee's answer to own answer.
In a word, the present invention is a kind of network test system based on B/S and C/S mixed architecture and multiple securities mechanism, this system provides take an examination easily a flow process controlling platform and succinct, a safe examination terminal respectively for examination management personnel and examinee, can guarantee simultaneously data transmission security, facility between each network element in this network test system, guarantee seriousness, fairness and the fairness of online exam.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that network test system structure of the present invention is formed schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the operating process schematic diagram between each network element device in the network test system implementation method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of user terminal with digital certificate identity verification logon server.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow sheet of examining affair terminal login examination hall server and issue an order control examination process.
Fig. 5 is an embodiment interface schematic diagram of examining affair terminal issue an order control examination process.
Fig. 6 is that examinee's terminal is when taking an exam and the operating process schematic diagram of examination hall server interaction.
Fig. 7 finishes the embodiment schematic diagram that menu that the examinee's terminal after the environment shielding begins in operating system shows.
Fig. 8 is that client software retouching operation system registry is to change the operational flowchart of examinee's terminal operating environment.
Fig. 9 is that interface embodiment schematic diagram is used in the examination of examinee's terminal.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is a kind of network test system based on mixed architecture and multiple securities mechanism, and what comprise central server 1 and the teacher's user terminal 6 that connects thereof, examination hall server 2, management examination examines affair terminal 3 and examinee's terminal 4; Wherein central server 1 connects a plurality of examination halls server 2 that is distributed in various places and examines affair terminal 3 by internet or local area network (LAN); The examination hall server 2 of various places, examine affair terminal 3 and a plurality of examinee's terminal 4 and connect to form the examination hall of online exam by local area network (LAN) or broadband the Internet, each examination hall server 2 all is provided with the server 5 of backup; The mixed architecture of browser/server and client/server is adopted in connection between each examinee's terminal 4 and the examination hall server 2: promptly in examinee's terminal 4 client software is installed, it connects examination hall server 2 by local area network (LAN) or broadband the Internet with client/server (C/S) framework; But be packaged with browser control part in this client software, and it is the soap protocol encapsulation of http protocol that the communication information between examinee's terminal 4 and the examination hall server 2 adopts bottom, makes that the visit essence of 4 pairs of examination hall servers 4 of this examinee's terminal is to use the page of browser access examination hall server.
System of the present invention has taked maltilevel security mechanism to come guarantee information transmission and examination hall environmentAL safety, for example: examine between affair terminal 3 or examinee's terminal 4 and central server 1 and the testing server 2 and all need could transmit data (referring to Fig. 3) through after the digital certificate mode demonstration validation identity based on the PKI system; Examine affair terminal 3 stipulated time of central server 1 with http protocol access central server, the request for data transmission, could start and utilize Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP transmission examination paper and student's answer between central server 1 and each examination hall server 2, and the transmission data be carried out asymmetric encryption with the digital certificate PKIX PKI mechanism of examination hall server 2; Examine affair terminal 3 and visit examination hall server 2 transmission message, control whole examination process at operation interface in the http mode; With utilizing Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP to communicate between examinee's terminal 4 behind the client software shielding environment and the examination hall server 2; Database in the central server 1 and examination hall server 2 regularly carry out data backup.
The configuration requirement brief description of the hardware and software of each physical equipment in the system of the present invention is as follows:
The bandwidth that central server 1 connects network is 100M/1000M, operating system is Windows 2000Server, and database and application server are positioned at same server, and database can adopt Oracle 920 databases, medium-sized brand server, for example WebLogic7.0 are adopted in suggestion.The bandwidth that examination hall server 2 connects network is 100M, operating system is Windows 2000 Server or Windows 2000 Professional, Web server is PIII more than 800, the PC level server of internal memory more than 256, can adopt Tomcat 4.03 or highest version more, JDK is more than 1.3 versions.Examine affair terminal 3 for the PC microcomputer of PII more than 450, more than the internal memory 128M of web browser Internet Explorer 6.0 is installed, operating system is Windows 2000Professional or Windows XP.PII the PC microcomputer 450 or more, internal memory 128M more than of examinee's terminal 4 for examinee's terminal software is installed, its operating system is Windows 2000 Professional or WindowsXP.
Referring to Fig. 2, each operating procedure in the implementation method of network test system of the present invention is described:
(1) examines affair terminal login central server, after the demonstration validation identity, apply for downloading examination paper and other examination data message in the stipulated time at central server;
(2) central server sends http connection application to the examination hall server, and the examination hall server returns connection response, and the PKI of this examination hall server is sent to central server by soap protocol; After the successful connection, central server carries out asymmetric encryption with the PKI of examination hall server the packing compression of examination related data and with the PKI of examination hall server, by Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP load mode data encrypted is transferred to the examination hall server again; The examination hall server returns the transmission result to central server, and with its private key encrypted packets is deciphered after receiving the examination data, finishes a data transfer, prepares to distribute papers;
(3) examine affair terminal login examination hall server after, send message by operation interface to the examination hall server, control whole examination process;
(4) examinee's terminal connects after the server of examination hall, starts the examination client software and carries out the environment setting, and common computer is transform as the special-purpose examinee's terminal of examination; Logining testing server again confirms identity and by behind the environmental test, obtains the examination paper of testing server distribution; The examinee is in the answer of examinee's terminal, and the answer that will utilize the PKI of examination hall server to carry out asymmetric encryption is submitted to the examination hall server in real time by soap protocol; The examination hall server is then stored the examination answer, and regularly sends backup server to;
(5) examination finishes or examinee when initiatively handing in an examination paper, and the examination hall server returns the page that requires the examinee to check on one's answers to do digital signature; After the examinee checks on one's answers and finishes digital signature, examinee's end of taking an examination; Examination client running environment with examinee's terminal reverts to the common computer interface environments afterwards;
(6) examine the affair terminal and add up this examination data, the problem in the record examination will be transferred to the examination hall server after relevant information arrangement, the packing compression again;
(7) examine affair terminal login central server and confirm identity after, to central server application transmission examination test paper and related data;
(8) after central server connected the examination hall server, the examination hall server was sent to central server to examination test paper and related data by soap protocol, finishes whole examination process.
Describe the concrete condition of above-mentioned each operating procedure in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Referring to Fig. 3, introduce in step (1) in the above-mentioned implementation method of the present invention, (3), (4), (6), all must be with the operating process of digital certificate mode identity verification when comprising the user terminal logon server of examining affair terminal or examinee's terminal:
1a, user terminal initialization operation: after entering the application system login page, download and install ActiveX control, read the user certificate of this machine of being installed in, and verify the password of user certificate, to confirm the validity of this certificate by this control;
1b, user terminal send registration to server;
1c, server produce a random number and this random number are signed with server certificate, again this server certificate, random number and random number signature are sent to user terminal together;
The server signature correctness that the checking of 1d, user terminal is received if signature is correct, then produces a random number, and utilizes self private key to carry out digital signature; Behind signature, user certificate, random number and random number signature are sent to server together; Incorrect if sign, then require server to resend;
Whether the random number signature of the user terminal that 1e, server authentication are received is correct, confirms that the back extracts the unique identification of user certificate from user certificate; Do not confirm, then require user terminal to resend;
1f, server send user ID in backstage and the database and compare with this user right, and return the comparatively validate result to subscription client.
Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, wherein Fig. 4 has illustrated and has examined affair terminal login examination hall server through after the authentication, sends message by operation interface to the examination hall server, controls the operating procedure of whole examination process.Fig. 5 then is that the applicant is when implementing to test, at the operation interface schematic diagram of examining affair terminal issue an order control examination process.
Referring to Fig. 6, introduce after examinee utilizes examinee's terminal to be connected the examination hall server in implementation method step of the present invention (4) and (5), in the process of examination and communicate and when the examination end, carry out the operating process of digital signature between the server of examination hall:
4a, examinee's terminal send the soap protocol packet to the examination hall server and connect test;
4b, examinee's terminal are received the test result that the examination hall server returns, and after the surperficial successful connection, start the examination client software and carry out the environment setting, common computer are transform as examinee's client terminal of online exam;
4c, examinee's terminal are connected the examination hall server in the digital certificate mode with the http mode and carry out authentication and environmental test, after checking, obtain examination paper when the examination beginning, or obtain the examination answer help page before examination;
4d, examinee have whenever answered a problem in the answer of examinee's terminal, communicate by letter with the soap protocol between the server of examination hall and answer is submitted to the examination hall server with regard to triggering examinee's terminal; The examination hall server returns confirmation to examinee's terminal after receiving answer;
After 4e, examination hall server are received answer, it is write hard-disc storage; And regularly adopt file transfer protocol (FTP) ftp mode that backup server is delivered in answer and preserve, backup server is received echo-plex result after the data;
When 4f, examination finished or the examinee initiatively hands in an examination paper, examinee's terminal sent request to the examination hall server and hands in an examination paper; After receiving the examination end page that the examination hall server returns, the request of transmitting checks on one's answers and does the application of digital signature again;
4g, examination hall server find the answer data of examinee's correspondence of real free, and this answer data is got the processing of HASH value, obtain one with the unique corresponding eap-message digest of these data, again this eap-message digest is finished the page as examination and is sent to examinee's terminal;
4h, examinee's terminal are carried out digital signature with its private key to eap-message digest, and send to the examination hall server by soap protocol;
The digital signature of examinee's terminal that 4i, examination hall server stores are received is returned the transmission result to examinee's terminal simultaneously
4j, examinee's terminal are carried out environment recovery, change normal computer environments again into.
The examination hall of network test system of the present invention is the common Public Computer Room that can network, has a configuration not need very high examination hall server, and examinee's terminal can connect the examination hall server.Wherein examinee's terminal is temporarily to transform with common computer to form, and to adapt to the examination needs, prevents that the examinee from passing through the original program of examinee's terminal or practise fraud by network.So just must temporarily mask the original application program that has nothing to do with examination of examinee's terminal, for example the relevant software of some English glossaries; Needing temporarily to shield examinee's terminal simultaneously exchanges with the extraneous unnecessary network information.
The present invention mentions respectively in above-mentioned steps 4b and 4j needs running client software in the examination process, be common computer reform the examinee's terminal that is exclusively used in online exam of the present invention, or reverts to common computer by examinee's terminal.This examinee's client software is mounted on the operating system basis of Windows 2000 or Windows XP.Behind the running client software, this software is by the interface display that the registration table of retouching operation system comes the SHIELDING CALCULATION machine, makes can only see and the relevant content (referring to Fig. 7) of taking an examination in the computer of examinee after the environment shielding.
Network test system will detect the environment of examinee's terminal earlier automatically when starting, promptly scan the continuous item of registration table, has finished the environment setting if detect examinee's terminal, then starts the main interface of client, the initialization success.If client software detects environment and is not provided with, just can not enter client master interface, promptly the examinee can not sign in to the examination hall server and takes an exam.Here client software is mainly finished two work:
One is that these registry information of having done to revise such as the startup menu, desktop, taskbar, system's start menu Windows all store in the extensible markup language XML file.
Referring to Fig. 8, introduce the flow process that retouching operation system registry of the present invention changes examinee's terminal operating environment: after starting client software program, check at first whether registration table is revised.If registration table is revised, then directly take an exam; Otherwise the part registry key to the needs change backs up earlier, promptly backups in an extensible markup language (XML) file; Revise registration table then, nullify or restart computer.This action is finished back operation system and will be started client-side program automatically and take an exam.
Another work is when examination is carried out, be installed in client software in examinee's terminal intercepts windows such as keyboard, mouse by system's hook message, and these message are redefined, forbid the certain operations such as copy, stickup and right mouse button of keyboard by this method; Simultaneously, make operating system not respond some illegal action of examinee, guarantee that the examinee does not carry out and the irrelevant operation of examination.Concrete grammar is when examination is carried out, be installed in the client software of examination in the terminal by monitoring windows window ID detect the examinee in examination whether by some nonconventional approaches are opened and examination system is irrelevant windows window.If find to have such window, just close this window automatically.
After the examinee finished examination, client software read the registry information that backups in the XML file, and one by one these information was write registration table, and after nullifying or restarting computer, computer environment was reverted to the preceding identical operations environment of examination.
The present invention adopts the mode of submitting that triggers in real time to the examination answer in examination, be that the student has whenever answered exercise question one, just trigger the communication of a soap protocol between the client and server, after answer data is transferred to server, process in the Web server is write startup the operation of hard disk, the answer of submitting is write server hard disc, preserve examinee's answer in real time at testing server.Simultaneously, testing server regularly is sent to backup server by file transfer protocol (FTP) ftp mode with examinee's answer.Be to offer a ftp server in the backup server, be provided with regularly software in the server of examination hall, start the latest data of ftp program automatically to backup server transmission examination hall server in the official hour section.This mode can guarantee that testing server breaks down and can not lose examinee's answer behind machine, and the answer and recover examination of answering that can fast quick-recovery examinee.
Implement illustration for one referring to the examinee's terminal interface in examination shown in Figure 9.Behind examination terminal generation hardware and software failure, this terminal is with cisco unity malfunction.When examinee's terminal and examination hall server network generation interruption, " network the is communicated with " indicator light among Fig. 9 reddens, or indicator light is redness " to submit indication " when answer is submitted.
Examinee's terminal breaks down or examinee's terminal and examination hall server network when taking place to interrupt, and the examinee needs login again to take an exam and the operation of the examination answer that recovers to have finished, and its concrete steps are as follows:
A, examinee's starting terminal client software carry out authentication again;
B, by after the authentication, the examination hall server finds the answer file of storing for the examinee of login in its server, and this XML file is resolved interface by XML resolve, obtaining corresponding topic number and answer content, the contrast topic number is written to answer data in examinee's the examination paper again; And related news are fed back to examinee's terminal, recover examination.
The present invention has developed performance prototype terminal and server, and has carried out implementing test, and result of the test is successful, has realized the goal of the invention of expection.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of network test system based on mixed architecture and multiple securities mechanism, comprise central server and connection thereof teacher's user terminal, examination hall server, management examination examine affair terminal and examinee's terminal; It is characterized in that: described central server connects a plurality of examination halls server that is distributed in various places and examines the affair terminal by internet or local area network (LAN); The examination hall server of various places, examine affair terminal and a plurality of examinee's terminal and connect to form the examination hall of online exam by local area network (LAN) or broadband the Internet, the mixed architecture of browser/server and client/server is adopted in the connection between each examinee's terminal and the examination hall server; In this system, examine between affair terminal or examinee's terminal and central server and the testing server and all need could transmit data through after the digital certificate mode demonstration validation identity based on the PKI system; Examine the affair terminal stipulated time of central server with http protocol access central server, the request for data transmission, could start and utilize Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP transmission examination paper and student's answer between central server and each examination hall server, and the transmission data be carried out asymmetric encryption with the digital certificate PKIX PKI mechanism of examination hall server; Examine the affair terminal and visit examination hall server transmission message, control whole examination process at operation interface in the http mode; With utilizing Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP to communicate between examinee's terminal behind the client software shielding environment and the examination hall server.
2, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the bandwidth that described central server connects network is 100M/1000M, and operating system is Windows 2000 Server, and database and application server can be positioned at same server; The bandwidth that described examination hall server connects network is 100M, and computer operating system is Windows 2000 Server or Windows 2000 Professional, and Web server is PIII more than 800, the PC level server of internal memory more than 256; The described affair office terminal of examining is for installing web browser Internet Explorer 6.0, the PC microcomputer of PII more than 450, more than the internal memory 128M, and its operating system is Windows 2000 Professional or Windows XP; Described examinee's terminal is that examinee's terminal software, the PII PC microcomputer more than 450, more than the internal memory 128M is installed, and its operating system is Windows 2000Professional or Windows XP.
3, system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described examinee's terminal is examinee's client software to be installed and the computer that is used for online exam that the transformation of common computer terminal is formed under Windows2000 or Windows XP operating system, the registration table of this client software retouching operation system, the interface display of SHIELDING CALCULATION machine, to change this computer run environment, make the examinee can only see the content relevant with examination, forbid including but not limited to the copy of keyboard, paste and right mouse button is operated, prevent that the examinee from utilizing the original program of examinee's terminal or practise fraud by network.
4, according to claim 1 or 3 described systems, it is characterized in that: adopt the mixed architecture of browser/server (B/S) and client/server (C/S) to be connected between described examinee's terminal and the examination hall server and be meant: examinee's terminal is equipped with client software, connects the examination hall server by local area network (LAN) or broadband the Internet with client/server (C/S) framework; But be packaged with browser control part in this client software, and it is the soap protocol encapsulation of http protocol that the communication information between examinee's terminal and the server adopts bottom, makes that this examinee's terminal is to use the page of browser access examination hall server to the visit essence of examination hall server.
5, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the database in the described central server regularly carries out data backup, and each examination hall server all is provided with backup server.
6, a kind of implementation method of the network test system based on mixed architecture and multiple securities mechanism is characterized in that: comprise following operating procedure:
(1) examines affair terminal login central server, after the affirmation identity, apply for downloading examination paper and other examination data message in the stipulated time at central server;
(2) central server sends http connection application to the examination hall server, and the examination hall server returns connection response, and the PKI of this examination hall server is sent to central server by soap protocol; After the successful connection, central server carries out asymmetric encryption with the PKI of examination hall server the packing compression of examination related data and with the PKI of examination hall server, by Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP load mode data encrypted is transferred to the examination hall server again; The examination hall server returns the transmission result to central server, and with its private key encrypted packets is deciphered after receiving the examination data, to finish a data transfer, prepares to distribute papers;
(3) examine affair terminal login examination hall server after, send message by operation interface to the examination hall server, control whole examination process;
(4) examinee's terminal connects after the server of examination hall, starts the examination client software and carries out the environment setting, and common computer is transform as the special-purpose examinee's terminal of examination; Logining testing server again confirms identity and by behind the environmental test, obtains the examination paper of testing server distribution; The examinee is in the answer of examinee's terminal, and the answer that will utilize the PKI of examination hall server to carry out asymmetric encryption is submitted to the examination hall server in real time by soap protocol; The examination hall server is then stored the examination answer, and regularly sends backup server to;
(5) examination finishes or examinee when initiatively handing in an examination paper, and the examination hall server returns the page that requires the examinee to check on one's answers to do digital signature; After the examinee checks on one's answers and finishes digital signature, examinee's end of taking an examination; Examination client running environment with examinee's terminal reverts to the common computer interface environments afterwards;
(6) examine the affair terminal and add up this examination data, the problem in the record examination will be transferred to the examination hall server after relevant information arrangement, the packing compression again;
(7) examine affair terminal login central server and confirm identity after, to central server application transmission examination test paper and related data;
(8) after central server connected the examination hall server, the examination hall server was sent to central server to examination test paper and related data by soap protocol, finishes whole examination process.
7, the implementation method of network test system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), (3), (4), (6), comprise that user terminal login central server or the testing server of examining affair terminal or examinee's terminal all are that its process further comprises following operation with digital certificate mode identity verification:
(11) after user terminal enters the application system login page, download and install ActiveX control, read the user certificate of this machine of being installed in, and verify the password of user certificate, to confirm the validity of this certificate by this control;
(12) user terminal sends registration to server;
(13) server produces a random number and this random number is signed with server certificate, again this server certificate, random number and random number signature is sent to user terminal together;
(14) the received server signature correctness of user terminal checking if signature is correct, then produces a random number, and utilizes self private key to carry out digital signature; Behind signature, user certificate, random number and random number signature are sent to server together; Incorrect if sign, then require server to resend;
(15) whether the random number of the received user terminal of server authentication signature is correct, confirms that the back extracts the unique identification of user certificate from user certificate; Do not confirm, then require user terminal to resend;
(16) server send user ID in backstage and the database and compares with this user right, and returns the checking comparative result to subscription client.
8, the implementation method of network test system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described step (4) further comprises following operation:
(41) examinee's terminal connects test to examination hall server transmission soap protocol packet;
(42) examinee's terminal starts the examination client software and carries out the environment setting after the server successful connection of examination hall, common computer is transform as examinee's client terminal of online exam;
(43) examinee's terminal is connected the examination hall server in the digital certificate mode with the http mode and carries out authentication and environmental test, after check, obtains examination paper when the examination beginning, or obtains the examination answer help the page before examination;
(44) examinee has whenever answered a problem in the answer of examinee's terminal, communicates by letter with the soap protocol between the server of examination hall and answer is submitted to the examination hall server with regard to triggering examinee's terminal; The examination hall server returns confirmation to examinee's terminal after receiving answer;
(45) after the examination hall server is received answer, it is write hard-disc storage; And regularly adopt file transfer protocol (FTP) ftp mode that backup server is delivered in answer and preserve.
9, the implementation method of network test system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: with the examination client software examinee's terminal is carried out the environment setting in the described step (42), common computer is transform as the special-purpose examinee's terminal of examination comprise following content of operation:
Revise in the Windows operating system including, but not limited to starting the part registry information of menu, desktop, taskbar, system's start menu with client software, and this part registry information before will revising stores in the extensible markup language XML file, interface display with the SHIELDING CALCULATION machine exchanges with other unnecessary network information, makes the examinee can only see the content relevant with examination;
When examination was carried out, client software was by the message of system hook intercepting keyboard or mouse, and this message is redefined, with the associative operation of copy, stickup and the right mouse button of forbidding including but not limited to keyboard; Simultaneously, whether client software monitoring windows window ID detects the examinee and adopts nonconventional approaches to open and the irrelevant windows window of examination system in examination, if find to have such window, just closes it automatically.
10, the implementation method of network test system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described step (4) breaks down or examinee's terminal and examination hall server network when taking place to interrupt in examinee's terminal, the examinee needs to login again the operation of the examination answer that takes an exam and recover to have finished, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(46) examinee's starting terminal client software carries out authentication again;
(47) by after the authentication, the examination hall server finds the answer file of storing for the examinee of login in its server, and this extensible markup language XML file is resolved interface by XML resolve, obtain corresponding topic number and answer content, the contrast topic number is written to answer data in examinee's the examination paper again; And related news are fed back to examinee's terminal.
11, the implementation method of network test system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: check on one's answers in the described step (5) and carry out digital signature and further comprise following operation:
(51) examinee's terminal sends to the examination hall server and requires to carry out the application of digital signature;
(52) the examination hall server finds the answer data of examinee's correspondence of real free, and this answer data is got the processing of HASH value, obtain one with the unique corresponding eap-message digest of these data, again this eap-message digest is sent to examinee's terminal;
(53) examinee's terminal is carried out digital signature to eap-message digest, and sends to server;
(54) digital signature of the received examinee's terminal of server stores is returned the transmission result to examinee's terminal simultaneously.
12, the implementation method of network test system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in the described step (5) the examination client running environment of examinee's terminal is reverted to the common computer interface environments and comprise following content of operation: after examination, client software reads the registry information that backups in the extensible markup language XML file, and one by one this information is write registration table, so that after nullifying or restarting computer, the computer run environment recovery is become and the preceding identical operations environment of examination.
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