CN1493064A - 用于指示个人或组之间的接近的组通知系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于指示个人或组之间的接近的组通知系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1493064A
CN1493064A CNA01822895XA CN01822895A CN1493064A CN 1493064 A CN1493064 A CN 1493064A CN A01822895X A CNA01822895X A CN A01822895XA CN 01822895 A CN01822895 A CN 01822895A CN 1493064 A CN1493064 A CN 1493064A
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凯文·T·曹
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丹尼尔·A·弗德
瑞尼尔·克拉夫特
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Abstract

本发明提供一种组通知系统(10)和相关方法，其允许特定活动基于组动态执行，如组织会议的动态。该系统能促进涉及个人(35)、对象(200、300)或组(200A、200B、200C、200D)的接近和移动方向的信息的可用性，以及这个信息是否满足预设的标准或规则。一个这样的标准是组员的接近距离小于预定的门限范围。该门限范围可以调整或编程。

Description

用于指示个人或组之间的接近的组通知系统和方法
本申请涉及与之同时申请，转让给与本发明相同的受让人，标题为“用于实现接近或定位激励活动的系统和方法”、序号No.＿＿＿的共同未决的专利申请，其全部内容在此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及位置相关数据处理领域，本发明尤其涉及使用全球定位系统(GPS)或等效定位器模式用于无线定位跟踪对象或人员的软件系统和相关方法。具体来说，本发明的系统和方法允许相互交换个人、对象、人群或对象集合的接近信息，并且适合于实现定位激励活动和/或基于位置的服务。
背景技术
基于因特网的服务和派生的电子商务应用得到越来越普及，导致各种计算和通信设备，如移动电话、PDA和GPS系统的合并。这种合并已经扩展了对新一代“智能设备”、独立的电子、面向web的软件和技术系统及服务的需要。其中特别需要一种系统，这种系统利用接近和/或位置作为促进用户和诸如服务器的计算机系统之间的通信的工具。
下面的出版物描述了在各种应用中使用定位跟踪的当前尝试，并且示意了有助于解释本发明所提出的问题的环境的背景材料：
授予Tognazzini的美国专利No.5,907,293；
授予Sprague等人的美国专利No.5,422,816；以及
授予Gaukel的美国专利No.6,100,806。
当前系统并不能促进涉及个人之间的接近，以及个人或对象的移动方向的信息可用性。这种信息可用于确定诸如会议的事件是否能发生，或组员开会是否将迟到以及迟到多长时间。这种信息对时间安排严格以及个人的出席十分关键的商业会议相当重要。
然而，问题仍然存在，即不存在与组动态有关，并且允许个人或组基于有关其它个人或组的接近得到的信息做出决定的机制。迄今为止仍未满足对这种机制的需要。
发明内容
本发明的特征是满足这种需要，其涉及例如组动态，如组织会议的动态。本发明能促进涉及个人的接近和移动方向的信息的可用性，以及这个信息是否满足预设的逻辑标准。
下面的例子将有助于示意本发明所指出的情形例子：
(1)特定个人的缺席能使会议的重要性无效。该会议应被取消或延期直至这个人出席。
(2)特定个人的缺席不重要，会议无论如何都能继续下去。
(3)必需有法定人数的人员出席以使会议有效。
(4)了解所涉及人员的移动轨迹和方向有助于使那些准备出席会议的人员最好地利用时间。例如，由于人员D因交通堵塞要花15分钟才到，因此由人员A、B、C和D出席的会议要延迟。人员A、B和C能自动得到通知，比会议预定时间推迟到达，并允许他们更好地利用他们的时间而不是在会议室闲坐。
(5)客户C1，可能是一个公司或一组人员，属于组M。客户C1希望仅在组M的一个或多个成员接近他时(可能距离小于5公里)才得到通知。客户M1基于这个信息可决定会议开始，启动会议电话，等等。
(6)客户C2属于组M和组N。当客户C1接近距离小于2公里，或组M的一个成员接近距离小于100米，或组N的一个成员接近距离小于0.5公里时，客户C2才得到通知。
(7)客户C3希望仅在客户C1位于0.5公里的范围之内时才得到通知。
本发明的前述和其它特征是通过用于实现和指示个人或组与其它个人或组的接近的组通知系统和方法实现的。该系统一般包括两个主要组件：识别组员(或对象)的多个用户模块，以及一个或多个组位置提示服务器。
每个用户模块与组位置提示服务器通信，并且包含GPS接口，用于接收位置信息，和周期性地发送经更新的位置信息到组位置提示服务器。另外，用户模块从组位置提示服务器接收数据并将其显示给组员。用户模块在会话管理程序的控制之下工作，并通过WAN接口将组员识别数据发送到组位置提示服务器。WAN接口支持与因特网的无线连接，并允许用户模块与组位置提示服务器交换信息。
组位置提示服务器从现场中的各个用户模块收集信息，并分类，比较，和识别分组、位置、用户的接近，和/或用户的移动方向，以识别发送给各个客户的信息。组位置提示服务器包含会话管理程序，其通过WAN接口或从因特网从各个用户模块获取各个用户的位置信息。组位置提示服务器通过向匹配模块发送用户识别标记通知匹配模块每个用户的位置。
WAN接口支持与因特网连接，用于组位置提示服务器和各个用户模块之间的通信和交互作用。匹配模块计算两个用户的位置之间的距离。当匹配模块从会话管理程序接收到通知时，其计算用户模块的当前位置和所有其它相关用户模块的位置之间的距离。
匹配模块检查简表数据库以识别特定用户所属的一个组、分组或多个组、分组。匹配模块从与预定客户相关的简表数据库请求属于相关组的用户模块的所有识别。匹配模块接着计算用户模块之间的距离，并比较它们与门限距离。当所计算的距离小于预定的简表门限时，匹配模块触发一个通知模块以发送一条消息给涉及该事件状态的客户。
附图说明
参考下面的说明、权利要求书和附图详细描述本发明的各种功能和实现方式，其中在适当的地方重复使用附图标记以指示所引用的对象之间的对应关系，其中：
图1是本发明的组通知系统可使用的示例性操作环境的示意图；
图2是图1的组通知系统的主要组件的高层图；
图3是构成图2的部分组通知系统的示例性用户无线模块的构成功能块的框图；
图4是构成图2的部分组通知系统的示例性组位置提示服务器的构成功能块的框图；
图5是一组用户使用图2的组通知系统的框图；以及
图6是图2的组通知系统的总体操作方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面的定义和解释提供关于本发明的技术领域的背景信息，并且目的是有助于理解本发明而不是限制其范围：
服务器：通过返回(“服务”)web文档响应来自web浏览器的请求的软件程序或计算机。
web浏览器：允许用户请求和读出超文本文档的软件程序。浏览器给出用于浏览web文档的内容以及从一个文档导航到另一个文档的一些工具。
web文档或页面：在万维网(WWW)上可得到并且由URL识别的数据集合。在最简单和最通常的情况下，web页面是以HTML书写并存储在web服务器上的文件。服务器可能响应来自用户的请求自动生成页面。web页面可以是浏览器或帮助应用可显示的任何格式。该格式以MIME类型作为响应的部分信头被发送，例如“text/html”，“image/gif”。HTMLweb页面通常是指包含超文本链接的其它网页和因特网资源。
万维网(WWW)：因特网客户-服务器超文本分布式信息检索系统。
本发明的组通知系统和相关方法基于它们的组员关系连续监视个人或对象的位置，并比较它们相互之间或与其它组的接近。应用各种规则以确定与所收集的接近信息相关的动作的适用性。
图1绘制了根据本发明的组通知系统可使用的整体环境。系统10连续监视用户(或对象)的位置并比较相互之间的接近。组员的接近信息和位置由系统10保存。
组通知系统10包括软件或计算机程序，其通常嵌入或安装到主机服务器15上。或者，组通知系统10可被保存到诸如磁盘、CD、硬盘驱动器或类似设备的适当存储介质上。尽管为解释简单起见，只示意了一个主机服务器15，但应清楚的是，在地理上也可分散布置另外的主机服务器25、27，以协调例如客户35、37和39的访问时间的缩短。
另外，虽然下面将针对WWW描述组通知系统10，但应清楚的是，也可与计算机、服务器、网关，以及移动计算设备的独立数据库一起使用系统10，用于不需或不希望与WWW交互作用的应用。
象云一样的通信网络20由通信线路组成，并且转换诸如服务器25和27的连接服务器到网关30。服务器25和27以及网关30提供对WWW的通信访问。客户，如远程因特网站点，由各个计算机35、37和39表示，能询问主机服务器15所想要的信息。客户向服务器25、27传递涉及它们的功能的信息，如它们的识别以及位置。
为清晰起见，在用户和客户之间画出区别更为方便。用户或组员是指例如移动的个人或对象。客户是指为之调整涉及用户位置的数据的个人、或个人组合。
主机服务器15通过诸如电话、有线或卫星链路的通信链路连接网络20(表示为云，以指示不确定的连接数量)。服务器25、27可通过高速因特网网线或链路44和46连接其它计算机和网关。服务器25、27能访问存储的信息，如通常在50指示的超文本或web文档。超文本文档50很有可能包含嵌入到其它本地存储的页面的超文本链接，而且还可包含关于符号位置以及诸如时间表、菜单、会议管理应用程序等功能的信息。
可用作系统10的一部分的辅助组件由移动计算设备表示，如个人数字助理(PDA)，其具有适合于实现本发明的操作的可下载软件应用。移动电话199还可用作为此目的的移动计算设备。组合个人数字助理38和移动电话199的渐增趋势期望能推动卫星通信的使用以精确地识别用户位置。GPS卫星198连同本发明可用于帮助定位用户，以及在用户、客户、服务器和网关之间建立通信。
图2表示组通知系统10的高层框图。系统10一般包括两个主要组件：多个用户无线模块200、300，以及一个或多个组位置提示服务器400。由于利用这个系统10可跟踪多个用户，因此每个用户装有一个个人化用户无线模块。这些用户无线模块200、300通常在功能和设计上类似，如图3所示，因此只详细描述一个代表性的用户无线模块200。每个用户无线模块200、300具有用于为组位置提示服务器400识别其用户的装置。
现在参考图3，用户无线模块200可在例如膝上型计算机、移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)内实现，或结合到具有无线广域网(WAN)连接243的车载系统中，用于与组位置提示服务器400通信。用户无线模块200包括GPS接口222，其接收位置信息，如用户的当前位置，并且周期性地将更新的位置信息发送到组位置提示服务器400。另外，用户无线模块200从组位置提示服务器400接收数据并为用户显示在显示设备227A上。
用户无线模块200在会话管理程序241的控制之下工作，会话管理程序负责用户无线模块200的各个部件之间的交互作用。其预备数据，如位置，接近，移动方向，用户ID，等等，并通过WAN接口243将它们发送到组位置提示服务器400，和/或通过图形用户接口(GUI)将这些数据显示在显示设备227A上。
GPS接口222实现为小型化GPS接收机，其测量无线电信号从GPS卫星198到达GPS天线225需要的时间。通过知道无线电信号的速度(近似光速)，而且通过记录每个信号被发送的时刻，可确定到达所考虑的每个GPS卫星的距离。根据纬度和经度，这些公式的最终解将得出GPS天线225的确切位置。GPS接收机接口222确定用户无线模块222的当前位置并将其当前位置提供给会话管理程序241。用于与GPS卫星198相互作用以及用于提供位置数据的现代小型设备在市场上很容易买到，并且可系在例如用户的衣服，PDA100，或膝上型电脑35(图1)上，作为用户无线模块的一部分。
WAN接口243支持与诸如因特网的计算机网络无线连接。利用这种接口，用户无线模块200可与组位置提示服务器400交换信息。图形用户接口(GUI)244在用户无线模块200实现，用于方便系统配置和管理。
GPS天线255连接GPS接口222以从GPS卫星198接收GPS数据。WAN收发信机天线226用作无线连接。其与用户无线模块200的WAN接口243连接。输出设备227A可实现为无线设备的显示器。输入设备227B可实现为触摸屏或任何其它适当的输入设备，如触摸屏，键盘，铁笔，与声音识别软件组合的麦克风，等等。
参考图4，组位置提示服务器400从现场的各个用户无线模块200、300收集信息，并分类、比较和识别分组、位置、用户的接近，和/或用户的移动方向，以识别将发送到各个特定客户35、37、39、100、199的信息。组位置提示服务器400根据为组或用户建立的软件配置，通知客户、组、或个人其它人员或组的接近。
组位置提示服务器400包含会话管理程序405，该程序通过WAN接口410或从因特网从各个用户无线模块200、300获取各个用户的位置信息。组位置提示服务器400在位置数据库415存储这个信息，并通过发送用户识别标记422给匹配模块420通知匹配模块420每个用户的位置。
WAN接口410支持与因特网连接，用于组位置提示服务器400和各个用户无线模块200、300之间的通信和交互作用。
匹配模块420计算两个用户的位置之间的距离。当匹配模块420从会话管理程序405接收到通知时，其计算用户无线模块200的当前位置和所有其它相关用户无线模块300的位置之间的距离。相关用户无线模块300可属于指定多个用户组或用户分组的单个客户。这些关系是通过客户输入指定的，并且存储在组位置提示服务器400的简表数据库430中。
匹配模块420检查简表数据库430以识别特定用户所属的一个组、分组或多个组、分组(统称为组)。匹配模块420从与预定客户相关的简表数据库430请求属于相关组的所有用户无线模块200、300的识别。
匹配模块420接着计算用户模块200、300之间的距离，比较它们与预定的门限距离，并存储这个信息到位置数据库415。当所计算的距离小于预定的简表门限时，这个门限可能是距离、时间或诸如法定人数的逻辑值，匹配模块420触发通知模块435以发送一条消息给涉及该事件状态的客户。位置数据库415也可实现为存储用户的位置的数据库，用于计算两个或多个用户无线模块200、300之间的距离。
简表数据库(也称为定义表)430包含有关用户无线模块200属于哪个组，接近距离，或用户无线模块200、300向客户引发通知的门限的信息。此外，简表数据库430包含用于其它客户的参考位置240。
另外参考图1，如何使用系统10的示例性情形如下：
第一个客户35希望用户或用户无线模块200距离参考点50°34’N 45°13’E 2公里内时被通知。
第二个客户37希望用户或用户无线模块200距离参考点10°22’S 16°59’W 0.5公里内时被通知。
第三个客户39希望用户或用户无线模块200距离用户无线模块300 0.75公里内时被通知。
第四个客户15希望用户或用户无线模块200、300距离参考点，第五大道的纽约城市图书馆，1.0公里内时被通知。组位置提示服务器400具有用于识别图书馆的位置的装置。
第五个客户100希望用户或用户无线模块200或300距离参考点，第五大道的纽约城市图书馆，1.0公里内时被通知。
第六个客户199希望某一组(M)用户，或多个用户无线模块200或300，同时距离参考点，如建筑物2576的会议室121，200米内时被通知。
第七个客户(未示出)希望一组(N)用户，或多个用户无线模块200或300，距离参考点，建筑物2576的会议室121，1英里内时被通知。
第八个客户(未示出)希望组(M)和(N)的用户距离参考点，建筑物2576的会议室121，100米内时被通知。
在所有这些情况下，当出现触发事件时，通过各种通信装置，包含但不局限于电子邮件，传真，寻呼机，电话或其它可选择的适当技术，从图4的通知模块435向客户发送通知。同时向客户发送指定的规律性的修改。还可向客户的数据传输中添加辅助信息，如时间，朝向或离开参考点的移动方向，估计的到达时间，等等，这依赖于更新的频率和客户对信息的希求。
通知模块435由匹配模块420触发。所发送的涉及特定用户的信息被存储在状态数据库440，并与从匹配模块420输入的数据相比较。如果用户的状态没有发生变化则不发送数据。
用户/组管理程序425管理简表数据库430。其为用户更新记录。用户可能已经准许利用其用户无线模块200通过因特网发送其简表。或者，只有具有执行特权的组位置提示服务器400的系统管理人员，可改变包含有关客户和用户无线模块200、300的信息的简表数据库430。
当会话管理程序405提示时，匹配模块420执行计算以确定各个用户无线模块200、300和预定参考点之间的距离。这个距离是利用来自用户无线模块200、300的GPS导出的位置数据计算的。下面是给定纬度和经度用于计算任何两点之间的距离的数学公式，其可用于确定将与门限距离进行比较的距离。纬度和经度信息可从系统10中的GPS数据导出。
Lat1＝第一位置的纬度(°)
Lat2＝第二位置的纬度(°)
Long1＝第一位置的经度(°)
Long2＝第二位置的经度(°)
距离(公里)＝1.852*60*ArcCos(SIN(Lat1)*SIN(Lat2)+COS(Lat1)*COS(Lat2)*COS(Long2-Long1)))。
虽然已经就两个用户或用户无线模块200、300描述了本系统10，但应清楚的是，系统10也可用于为更大的用户组(图5)提供想要的服务，这些用户统一标记为组800。在用户组800希望相遇的情况下，每个用户装备其自己的用户移动计算设备200A、200B、200C、200D等等，这些计算设备与前面关于用户无线模块200描述的组位置提示服务器400连接。然而，在组出席的例子中，一旦所有组员200A、200B、200C、200D都在期待的接近距离内，则组位置提示服务器400触发或启动所想要的应用或商业交易。
组员的接近距离可通过多种方式定义，某些方式列举如下：
1.接近为两个或多个组员之间的距离，如用户200A和用户200D之间的距离(由虚线示意)。
2.接近为组800的大部分或所有成员之间的距离(由虚线示意)。
3.接近为组800的大部分或所有成员，与通过插入所有或大部分组员的位置形成的动态几何中心(GC)之间的距离。
4.一个组800和另一个组(或用户)850之间的接近是，组(或用户)850，与(1)组800的一个或多个成员(即，200A，200D)之间或与(2)组800的动态几何中心GC之间的距离(由实线示意)。
现在参考图6，其示意了组通知系统10的总体操作方法500。另外参考图2，方法500从步骤505开始，使会话管理程序405空闲处于等待模式，等待从用户无线模块200、300输入数据，或者等待来自客户的有关一组用户的数据的请求。
一旦从用户无线模块200接收到数据，匹配模块420在步骤510从接收的数据中取出用户识别数据(用户ID)。利用取出的用户ID，匹配模块420在步骤515请求这个用户无线模块200所属的组的名称(组名)。
方法500接着在判断步骤520询问是否存在用户无线模块200的组名。如果存在，则会话管理程序405在步骤525取出对应的组名，并从简表数据库430中提取出该组名的所有用户ID。方法500接着转到步骤530，在此用户识别信息(用户ID)和组信息(组名)用于识别“相关用户”或相关用户无线模块200、300，以跟踪特定事件。重新考虑判断步骤520，如果方法500没有为用户无线模块200定位组名，则其直接转到步骤530。
方法500从步骤530转到判断步骤550，在此其询问在步骤550是否从请求中找到一个或多个用户ID。如果在步骤550没有找到相关用户(由用户ID识别)，则方法500在步骤505返回到空闲状态。
另一方面，如果在步骤505找到一个或多个相关用户ID，则方法500转到步骤555，在此其从位置数据库415请求每个用户ID的用户位置坐标。方法500接着在步骤560如同前面就图5讨论的那样计算相关用户无线模块200、300的接近距离。如果用户的位置在计算过程期间改变，则方法500重新计算接近门限，并转到判断步骤565。
在判断步骤565，方法500确定在步骤560测量或计算的接近距离是否小于或等于预定的门限值。如果这个条件满足，则方法500发送用户数据，如位置，接近，移动方向，用户ID等等，到通知模块435。通知模块435通知客户相关用户无线模块200的状态，如前面描述的估计到达时间。
另外，方法500转到判断步骤575，并检查是否出现可能影响判断步骤565的判断的额外事件。如果存在任何这种额外事件，如用户位置改变时，则方法500返回步骤560，重新计算参考位置和新用户位置之间的距离，并重复步骤565、570和575，直到其在步骤565确定用户距离超过门限值。
如果在步骤565方法500确定接近距离超出门限值，则其转到判断步骤575而且匹配模块420进行前面描述的询问。匹配模块420发送用户数据给通知模块435。通知模块435又通知客户相关用户无线模块200的状态，如大意是“用户在范围之外”的消息。
如果方法500在步骤575确定其已经涵盖了所有可能的事件，则其转到步骤505的空闲状态。
应理解的是，已经描述了本发明的特定实施例，它们只是示意在此描述的组通知系统和方法的某些可能的应用。不用偏离本发明的精神和范围可对本发明的系统和方法作各种修改。例如，虽然是根据GPS系统描述系统10的组件之间的通信的，但应理解的是，也可使用其它物理位置取出系统，包含但不局限于无线网络。在2000.9.28申请，分配给与本发明相同的受托人，标题为“用于为人员、对象和服务提供限时访问的系统和方法”，序号N0.09/672,360的共同待决的美国专利申请中描述了这样一种通信和识别系统，其全部内容在此作为参考。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于实现组接近激励活动的方法，包括：
指定一个与要实现的活动相关的事件；
存储对应该活动的可执行代码；
确定该组的至少两个用户模块的当前位置；
为该组的至少两个用户模块存储接近范围；
确定当前位置是否在该接近范围内；以及
如果当前位置在该接近范围内，则执行所述可执行代码。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括发送所述至少两个用户模块的当前位置到组位置提示服务器。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中发送当前位置包括通过网络发送。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其中通过网络发送包括通过因特网发送。
5.根据权利要求2的方法，还包括从组位置提示服务器下载软件代码到用户模块。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，还包括在用户模块上执行软件代码。
7.根据权利要求2的方法，其中执行步骤包括在组位置提示服务器上执行所述可执行代码。
8.根据权利要求1的方法，其中确定用户模块的当前位置包括利用GPS坐标结构。
9.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括定义组的接近范围为下述的任何一个或多个：
两个或多个组员之间的距离；
大部分或所有组员之间的距离；
大部分或所有组员，与通过插入大部分或所有组员的位置形成的动态几何中心(GC)之间的距离；或
一个组和另一个组或用户之间的距离。
10.一种用于实现组接近激励活动的计算机程序产品，包括：
组位置提示服务器，用于指定一个与要实现的活动相关的事件，用于存储对应该活动的可执行代码，以及用于确定该组的至少两个用户模块的当前位置；
数据库，用于为该组的至少两个用户模块存储接近范围；以及
事件接近服务器，用于确定当前位置是否在该接近范围内，如果当前位置在该接近范围内，则执行所述可执行代码。
11.一种用于实现接近激励活动的系统，包括：
组位置提示服务器，用于指定一个与要实现的活动相关的事件，用于存储对应该活动的可执行代码，以及用于确定该组的至少两个用户模块的当前位置；
数据库，用于为该组的至少两个用户模块存储接近范围；以及
事件接近服务器，用于确定当前位置是否在该接近范围内，如果当前位置在该接近范围内，则执行所述可执行代码。
12.根据权利要求11的系统，其中组位置提示服务器计算所述至少两个用户模块的当前位置。
13.根据权利要求12的系统，其中所述至少两个用户模块和组位置提示服务器通过网络通信。
14.根据权利要求13的系统，其中所述至少两个用户模块和组位置提示服务器通过因特网通信。
15.根据权利要求12的系统，其中组位置提示服务器下载软件代码到用户模块。
16.根据权利要求15的系统，其中用户模块执行所述软件代码。
17.根据权利要求11的系统，其中所述至少两个用户模块包括下述的任何一个或多个：个人计算机，个人数字助理，或蜂窝电话。
18.根据权利要求11的系统，其中接近范围是下述的任何一个或多个：
两个或多个组员之间的距离；
大部分或所有组员之间的距离；
大部分或所有组员，与通过插入大部分或所有组员的位置形成的动态几何中心(GC)之间的距离；或
一个组和另一个组或用户之间的距离。
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