CN1467560A

CN1467560A - Halide silver film imaging shooted by microlens and optical reproduction

Info

Publication number: CN1467560A
Application number: CNA03142483XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: L・M・欧文; L·M·欧文; 沙杰夫斯基; R·P·沙杰夫斯基
Original assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
Current assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date: 2002-06-12
Filing date: 2003-06-12
Publication date: 2004-01-14
Also published as: US20030231880A1; EP1372027A3; JP2004046162A; US6868231B2; EP1372027A2

Abstract

Methods and apparatii are provided that use a photosensitive element that is photosensitive to light within a predetermined range of exposure levels to capture images including exposure levels that are outside of the predetermined range of exposure levels. The photosensitive element is exposed to light from a scene. The light from the scene is fractured into concentrated and residual portions with the concentrated portions being directed to form a pattern of concentrated image elements on the photosensitive element when light from the scene is within a first exposure range with the residual portion of the light being directed to form a residual image when light from the scene is within a second exposure range. The light from the scene is adapted also so that the pattern of concentrated image elements is formed in a predefined pattern of concentrated image areas on the photosensitive element.

Description

Silver hailde film imaging and optical reproduction that utilization is taken by lenticule

Technical field

The present invention relates to photography based on the sensitization element, more particularly, relate to utilization in the exposure magnitude preset range, comprise that light beyond the preset range has the method and apparatus of the sensitization element photographic images of photosensitization.

Background technology

In traditional photography, to come document image be well-known by making the sensitization element carry out controlled exposure to the light from scene.In general, such sensitization element is to be supported in such as the substrate of softnesses such as egative film and/or such as the one or more photographic layers on the non-flexible substrate such as glass plate.Described photographic layer can have one or more photosensitive silver halide emulsions, has the goods of suitable imaging chemistry, to being reacted by the energy that light provided from scene.The light quantity that the degree of this reaction is accepted with element unit area between exposure period becomes.In the zone that is exposed between exposure period under the more light, to compare with the zone that exposure is less, the degree of this reaction is bigger.So, when the light from scene focuses on the sensitization element, just be captured as the difference on this extent of reaction in these layers from the difference on the light quantity level of scene.After the development, the difference of the extent of reaction just presents as the image-region with different densities in these layers.These density just constitute the image of former scene brightness.

The characteristics of silver emulsion are when being exposed to the surround lighting of scene, to have nonlinear response.In this respect, the sensitization element has the lower limit response lag, and relevant emulsion of its definition and corresponding chemical medicament begin reaction, makes the difference of exposure magnitude be formed the minimum exposure amount of different densities.This lower threshold finally relates to the quantum efficiency of various silver emulsion particles.In general, the sensitization element that exposes under the exposure that is lower than the lower limit response lag in the back of developing, all parts all have common outward appearance.

In addition, the sensitization element also has upper limit response lag, and it has defined an exposure magnitude, in following emulsion of this magnitude and the reaction of relevant chemical agent thereof, makes different exposure magnitudes be formed different density.In general, the element that under the magnitude more than the upper limit response lag, exposes, all parts all will have identical outward appearance after the sensitization element develops.

So, adopt the sensitization element of silver emulsion to we can say both have the lower limit response lag, has last response lag again, they define the effective range of exposure, and the sensitization element can be reacted to the difference of exposure magnitude by the contrast pattern that record has distinguishable contrast difference in this scope.The exposure magnitude relevant with upper limit threshold with these lower limits defined the exposure range of sensitization element.Therefore, in order to optimize the outward appearance of image, in general, exposure arrange the sensitization element is run between exposure period the exposure order magnitude range to be in the exposure range of sensitization element or the effective range be useful.

Many consumers and professional photographer would rather use sensitization element, camera system and the image capture method of permission photographic images in broad camera coverage.Satisfy this required a kind of approach and provide the extremely broad sensitization element of a kind of scope, still, the extremely broad sensitization element of scope is subjected to the restriction of various relevant silver halide particles to the character of photoresponse basically.Thereby, such camera system and method for imaging generally all is provided, that is expands the sensitization element response lower limit and the response upper limit effectively by changing the scene brightness characteristic.For example, known to provide additional brightness effectively to expand the response lower limit of sensitization element to dark scene.

Known also have, and utilizes to be designed to increase in the capture lens system that between exposure period the quite a large amount of available light from scene is transported to the sensitization element to act on the light quantity on the sensitization element rather than additional brightness is provided.But, quite a large amount of light is transported to the field depth that lens also reduce relevant camera system inherently.Thereby this solution is not applicable to the imaging of fixed-focus camera images at large, because possibly of scene can't adequate focusing.This solution is also also not preferred in Zoom camera, because such lens combination may be very expensive, and is difficult to design, installation and maintenance.

Between the light quantity that is radiated between time shutter and exposure period on the sensitization element, there is proportional relation from scene.Therefore, another known approach that increases the light quantity that acts between exposure period on the sensitization element in the prior art is to utilize long this makeshift of shutter of the time of opening to come prolonging exposure time.But this has reduced exposure upper-limit.In addition, prolonging the shutter time of opening may make shutter be long enough to allow the following period of time of synthetic differentiation of scene open in the time shutter always.Consequently image blurring.Thereby, preferably limit the time that shutter is opened.

So, also needing so not complicated and so not expensive camera system and method for imaging in addition, they allow to utilize traditional shutter to open the time, especially have the fixedly image taking of aperture time.

Increasing the another kind of approach that acts on the light quantity on the sensitization element in the single exposure process is to utilize traditional capture lens system to collect from the light of scene, and these from the optical projection of scene near the sensitization element such as microlens arrays such as linear lenticular lens array on.Such example is shown in the U.S. Patent No. 1,838,173 of Chretien.Each lenticule all concentrates on a part of light from scene on the relevant range of sensitization element.By concentrating light in this way, the light quantity that incides each concentrated exposure area of sensitization element increases to the above magnitude of following response lag of film.This makes and can form image by the density contrast patterns of concentrating the exposure area.

The image of Xing Chenging is segmentation in this way: the concentrated exposure area of sensitization element forms the concentrated image of scene, and all the other zones form the unexposed distorted region that mixes with concentrated image.Such image is in the photo of conventional process, and this pattern has the outward appearance of low contrast beastly and shadow tone, the spitting image of the photo on the newspaper.

But,, from the image of such segmentation, can obtain identifiable image quite carrying out projection under the specific conditions.During the spatial relationship set up between camera effective aperture, microlens array and the light activated element in the camera when reappearing exposure on projector, these conditions will accurately occur.This system may be quite heavy, because will produce an application (functional) real image under position of the configuration of camera lens being determined by former scene and enlargement factor.If the camera lens that the projecting lens identical with the camera lens existed when being positioned to imitate photographic images and the relation of image, then the image of Zai Xianing will appear on the position of original object with original size.The combination of other lenses and spatial relationship causes the incomplete reconstruction of image, and forms the Points And lines vestige of newspaper photo.So the low light photography that lenticule and convex lens are assisted in the prior art is not suitable for being used for the production of positive or is used for such as those high-quality market by consumer and professional photographer's representative.

Microlens array and especially lenticular lens array find other purposes on photography.For example, in the colour phhotograpy, Linear Double convex lens image taking is used for combining as chromatic spectrum decomposition means with the colorized optical filtering mirror, makes the black and white silver halide imaging system be used for colour phhotograpy in early days.This technology obtains commercial the application in cartoon shooting and the optical projection system in early days, is described in the common U.S. Patent No. of transferring the possession of 2,191,038.In the 1940's, in U.S. Patent No. 2,922, in 103, people's suggestion utilizes the biconvex lens screen to utilize black and white sensitization element to assist color image shot in pistolgraph.In the 1970's, in U.S. Patent No. 4,272, the foundation that lenticular lens array is used to have the image that increases contrast-response characteristic is disclosed in 186.By unexposed area is minimized, line image becomes and almost can't discover, thereby less the blame.Also be in the 1970's, U.S. Patent No. 3,954, the biconvex lens screen exposure sensitization element of 334 suggestions by moving.At last, in generation nineteen ninety, the Linear Double convex lens mentioned ridge-shaped support with three chromatographs and antihalation layer presents material as 3-D view.These linear lenticular lens array are used for being formed on the image of taking in the multiple-lens camera from the staggered printing at a plurality of visual angles of scene.Staggered image provides three-dimensional appearance.Some examples of this technology are disclosed in people's such as Lo U.S. Patent No. 5,464,128 and the U.S. Patent No. 5,744,291 of Ip.People recognize that these openly relate to method, element and the equipment of formation from the three-dimensional image information that is suitable for direct viewing of many scene perspectives shooting that is applicable to.They can't realize being suitable for the photography of the aperture time of kodak.

Like this, although the photography that lenticule is assisted has found various uses, but it still will satisfy originally about expanding the promise of response lag under the sensitization element effectively, so that allow to produce the image positive of taking under the low scene brightness level of commercial acceptable.Therefore, what need is, is used at sensitization element photographs lenticular image and utilizes captured sensitization element image to form the method and apparatus of commercial acceptable positive or output.

Sometimes photographic images also is useful under the image-forming condition that is higher than response lag on the sensitization element.Bright scene to be under daylight, snow scenes, seabeach environment, taken, just such condition may be occurred.In general, the control of camera employing diaphragm, shutter timing controlled and filter system reduce the light intensity from scene, and the light that makes the sensitization element be faced has the intensity in the response lag scope on the sensitization element.But these systems obviously increase the complicacy of camera designs and cost.In addition,, adopt the makeshift of the lens of big diaphragm with the improvement threshold lower limit, with as previously mentioned, allow more light pass through simultaneously, and the exposure under the response lag condition is worsened.So, what is also needed is a kind of photographic system and method for imaging that is used for photographic images under surpassing the exposure order magnitude range, comprising greater than the exposure magnitude condition of the sensitization element response upper limit.

Summary of the invention

According to feature of the present invention, provide a kind of utilization light activated sensitization element, shooting in the exposure magnitude preset range to be comprised the method for the image of exposure magnitude preset range exposure magnitude in addition.According to this method, make the sensitization element to light exposure from scene.Light from scene is divided into concentrated part and remainder, wherein when the light from scene is in first exposure range, concentrated part is guided in and forms the pattern of concentrating pictorial element on the sensitization element, and when the light from scene was in second exposure range, the remainder of light was directed forming residual image.Also adaptive like this light, make the pattern of described concentrated pictorial element on the sensitization element, concentrate in the predetermined pattern of image-region to form from scene.

According to another feature of the present invention, provide a kind of and be used for from form the method for output image through the sensitization element of optical processing, described sensitization element has the concentrated pictorial element pattern that at least one position deviation is concentrated the image-region predetermined pattern.According to this method, light is modulated with sensitization element through optical processing.Light after the modulation is carried out decompress(ion), so that from modulated light, extract image.Image behind the adaptive like this decompress(ion), make the image behind adaptive and the decompress(ion) have the picture appearance that forms by the light that is positioned at the concentrated pictorial element pattern modulation of concentrating the image-region predetermined pattern.Image focusing behind the described adaptive decompress(ion) is on imaging plane.

In another feature more of the present invention, provide a kind of camera, in order on to the light activated sensitization element in predetermined exposure magnitude scope, to form an image at least, so that take the image that comprises the exposure magnitude that exceeds exposure magnitude preset range.Described camera has the film gate of location sensitization element.The capture lens unit focuses on the light from scene on the sensitization element.Shutter makes the sensitization element to from the controlled exposure of the light of scene.Microlens array is arranged between image field lens and the sensitization element.Light time in exposure comprises first exposure range, the microlens array guiding forms concentrated picture pattern from the first of the light of scene on the sensitization element, and when the light from scene is in second exposure range, microlens array allows to be delivered to the sensitization element from the second portion of the light of scene, form residual image around concentrating the exposure element, wherein the combination of first exposure range and second exposure range and second exposure range are greater than predetermined exposure magnitude scope.The image field lens are arranged between capture lens unit and the microlens array, form in the adaptive like this light from scene of described image field lens, the feasible predetermined pattern of concentrating the pictorial element pattern to concentrate image-region on the sensitization element.

Provide a kind of reader more on the one hand of the present invention, form output image in order to utilize the sensitization element through optical processing, described sensitization element has the concentrated pictorial element pattern that write down and at least one in the residual image.Reader comprise the light source of radiant light and location through the sensitization element of optical processing so that modulate film gate by the light of radiation of light source with described sensitization element.Microlens array is to carrying out decompress(ion) by the light of modulating through the predetermined pattern in pictorial element zone in the sensitization element set of optical processing.Predetermined pattern is different from the pattern through actual formation on the sensitization element of optical processing.Lens unit receives the light behind the decompress(ion) and form output image on imaging plane.The image field lens are arranged between microlens array and the lens unit.Light behind the adaptive like this decompress(ion) of image field lens, make output image comprise based at image through the actual concentrated pictorial element pattern that forms on the sensitization element of optical processing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the synoptic diagram according to an embodiment of camera of the present invention;

Fig. 2 a is describing synoptic diagram useful when concerning between scene actual exposure scope and the effective range;

Fig. 2 b is a synoptic diagram useful when describe concentrating light to the influencing of sensitization element;

Fig. 2 c is a synoptic diagram useful when describing residue light to the influencing of sensitization element;

Fig. 3 shows the pattern of the point of square accumulation microlens array back;

Fig. 4 illustrates lens combination incident and emergent pupil;

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment according to method for imaging of the present invention;

Fig. 6 show can with an embodiment of the readout device that is used according to embodiment of camera of the present invention;

Fig. 7 a and 7b illustrate the use of the image field lens that are used for adjusting scanner lens pupil;

Fig. 8 a and 8b illustrate the imaging system of not only using different microlens arrays in camera but also in the reader that has the image field lens that are positioned in the printer;

Fig. 9 a and 9b illustrate the imaging system of not only using different microlens arrays in camera but also in the reader that has the image field lens that are positioned in the camera;

Figure 10 a illustrates the imaging system of using the whole microlens array of interim film and use the image field lens in having the camera of different microlens arrays in reader with 10b;

Figure 11 a and 11b illustrate the imaging system of using the whole microlens array of permanent film and use the image field lens in camera in reader;

Figure 12 a and 12b illustrate the imaging system of using whole microlens array of interim film and reader to have microlens array in camera;

Figure 13 a and 13b illustrate in camera and reader in use the imaging system of whole microlens array of permanent film and image field lens;

It is crooked so that the imaging system of coupling reader optical system that Figure 14 a and 14b illustrate the image that makes camera;

Figure 15 adopts the synoptic diagram comprise according to the reader of the distorted microlens array of the starting characteristic of image field lens of the present invention;

Figure 16 is the sensitization element example that record has concentrated pictorial element pattern and residual image on it;

Figure 17 a represents the front view in contrary aperture;

Figure 17 b represents to be arranged on the contrary aperture in the optical projection system;

Figure 18 represents an embodiment according to method for imaging of the present invention;

Figure 19 implements the projector useful when of the present invention and the synoptic diagram of image reading apparatus;

Figure 20 a-20e illustrates some embodiment that implement microlens array useful when of the present invention;

Figure 21 a-21c illustrates the different embodiment that can usefully be combined in the different microlens arrays in the single microlens array;

Figure 21 d-21f illustrates the pattern of sensitization element to writing down by the light image exposure from scene of Figure 21 a-21c respectively; And

Figure 22 a-22c illustrates microlens array, sphere and non-spherical lens.

Embodiment

The present invention relates to expand the photographic equipment and the method for imaging of the effective image taking scope of sensitization element.

Image taking

Useful synoptic diagram when Fig. 1 is the operation of describing in order to 20 1 embodiment of camera of forming image on the sensitization element 30 that comprises photographic layer 32 and substrate 34.In the embodiment in figure 1, camera 20 comprises body 21, and described body 21 has allows the aperture 23 that enters body 21 from the light of scene 24.Capture lens system 22 is positioned at sensitization element 30 on the film gate 26 of capture lens system 22 guiding between exposure period along optical axis 45 from the light of scene 24.Best, the depth of focus of capture lens system 22 be such, make scene image 24 ' on the imaging area 36 of photographic layer 32, form, whole imaging area 36 has consistent focus.

The microlens array 40 that is between capture lens system 22 and the sensitization element 30 has a plurality of lenticules 42.Each lenticule 42 in the microlens array 40 receives the light of a part by capture lens system 22, and is divided into concentrated part 44 and remainder 46.Each concentrated part 44 all concentrates on the sensitization element 30 relevant set image-regions 48, and each remainder 46 all is delivered to the relevant residual image zone 50 of sensitization element 30.At described minute light action of conceptual illustration, and with reference to Fig. 1 and 2 a, 2b and 2c describe described minute light action among Fig. 1.Shutter system 27 is between aperture 23 and microlens array 40.Shutter system 27 controllably allows to make one section preset time of sensitization element 30 exposures from the light of scene.

Shown in Fig. 2 a, expand in broad scene brightness scope from the light of photography scene.Under the situation of available light photography, this is that the people observes visible brightness.This scope is designated as scene brightness scope 70 in Fig. 2 a.But sensitization element 30 has the exposure range 72 of a reality, and in described scope, sensitization element 30 can be taken down the difference of scene brightness, and the contrast image of record scene.Because the restriction of the inherence of chemical image camera work and 30 pairs of distinctive nonlinear responses of the brightness from scene of sensitization element, the exposure range of sensitization element 30 reality is by response lag 74 and 76 definition of last response lag down.When sensitization element 30 was exposed to down the light quantity of response lag below 74, the difference of 30 pairs of scene brightness of sensitization element can not be made distinguishable reaction.As mentioned above, this is because the limited like this energy shortage that light quantity provided forms distinguishable exposure record so that emulsion and corresponding chemical agent react.Therefore, when sensitization element 30 was carried out optical processing, sensitization element 30 all parts that are exposed to such light quantity all had general bright outward appearance.

Similarly, when sensitization element 30 was exposed to than the also high light quantity of last response lag 76,30 pairs of scene brightness differences of sensitization element can't be made distinguishable reaction.Point out in more detail as top, this is because the chemical reaction that surpasses the above-mentioned light quantity that goes up response lag 76 and be enough to order about emulsion and relevant chemical agent that sensitization element 30 is accepted reaches such degree, so that 30 pairs of many again luminous energy of sensitization element no longer have significant density response.When sensitization element 30 was carried out optical processing, all parts that are exposed to the sensitization element 30 of such light quantity all had general dark outward appearance because so.

Should be pointed out that bright and dark of term be at such as preparation with the negative photosensitive element of negativity printing paper printing film that use or that be used to scan.For for positivity sensitization elements such as counter-rotating filstrip and direct print film, it is dark and bright that pointed zone should be respectively on characteristic.

Any known sensitization element formula all can be in order to preparation to implementing the useful sensitization element 30 of the present invention.Element with excellent photosensitive property is best suited for enforcement of the present invention.Described element should have at least approximately light sensitivity of ISO (ISO (International Standards Organization)) 25, preferably has the light sensitivity of ISO100 at least, and the light sensitivity that has ISO400 at least is then better.The film speed of colored negative photosensitive element or light sensitivity be inversely proportional to by reaching the required exposure of the above specific density of photographic fog after the processing.The film speed of the colored negativity element of the gamma of every coloured image about 0.65 by American National Standards Institute be defined as specially ansi standard pH 2.27-1981 (ISO (ASA film speed) and specially with produce to surpass minimum density 0.15 density the mean value of required exposure magnitude relevant each to the color film of green glow sensitization and the coloured image unit of light sensitivity minimum.Described definition is demarcated consistent with the film sensitivity of International Organization for Standardization.In order to reach the application's purpose, if colored unit gamma is not 0.65, then before determining light sensitivity with the additive method definition, gamma to the amplification of logE (exposure) curve linear or instead be enlarged into the light sensitivity that numerical value 0.65 calculates ASA or ISO.

Although standard sensitization element can be used for the present invention, be best suited for element of the present invention in the machine readable mode rather than be suitable for direct viewing mode photographic images and design.In the element after shooting, film speed (element is to the light sensitivity under the light conditions) generally is very crucial to obtain sufficient image in such sensitization element.Therefore, described element is after strengthening light sensitivity with lenticule, and general all showing is equivalent to ISO800 or higher light sensitivity, preferably is equivalent to ISO1600 or higher light sensitivity, is equivalent to ISO3200 or higher then better.In every kind of photochrome, described element will have the exposure range of 3.0logE at least, preferably have the exposure range of 4.0logE, and it is then better to have 5.0logE or a higher exposure range.The gamma that big like this useful exposure range (that is the density after the optical processing is to slope of logE) has determined each coloured image is all less than 0.70, and is less than 0.60 better, less than 0.50 better, best less than 0.45.In addition, preferably colour interaction or interimage effect are minimized.This interimage effect minimizes and can reach by illiteracy cover colour coupler and DIR compound quantity are minimized.The gamma that interimage effect can be quantified as specific coloured image after color separation exposure and the optical processing divided by white light exposure after the ratio of gamma of same coloured image.The gamma ratio of each coloured image should between 0.9 and 1.1, be preferably between 0.95 and 1.05 between 0.8 and 1.2 more fortunately.Other CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION, the characteristic quantification of the sensitization element performance of this scan enable are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,021, and 277 and unsettled european patent application No.9 8203141.1.

Show also that as Fig. 2 a camera 20 and sensitization element 30 are preferably under the expectation that is lower than sensitization element 30 response lags 74 of exposure range 80 of expectation photographed scene information under the response lag.According to principle of the present invention, make the photography in described scope become possibility by making from the light of scene is concentrated.At this on the one hand, each lenticule 42 in the microlens array 40 all is divided into two parts at least to the light from scene.As shown in Figure 1, concentrated part 44 from the light of scene 24 is concentrated, and drops on the light quantity of concentrating on the image-region 48 when making the light quantity that drops on during the single exposure on sensitization element 30 each concentrated image-region 48 unit area more than the microlens array 40 that do not have lenticule 42.Shown in Fig. 2 b, the effect that this incident concentrates the light quantity of image-region 48 to increase to cause first exposure range that makes scene exposure magnitude to move makes whole exposure range 84 be in the actual exposure scope 72 of sensitization element.This move makes the pattern of concentrating pictorial element 52 form concentrated image in the concentrated image-region 48 of sensitization element 30 to become possibility.

Point out that in passing some light of incident lenticule 42 for example by the light of lenticule 42 poor focusings or the light that passes through, can not accumulate in and concentrate image-region 48 between each lenticule 42 zone.Replace, these remainders 46 that are delivered to the light of sensitization element 30 just make the formation of residual image 54 become possibility.Residual image 54 can be further by design or ambient light in sensitization element 30 scattering and reflect to form.This remainder 46 is less than the light quantity of not inserting incident sensitization element 30 under the situation between scene 24 and the sensitization element 30 between same exposure period at the microlens array 40 of lenticule 42.So lenticule 42 is effective.So lenticule 42 just filters to the light from the incident residual image zone 50 of scene effectively, the result can form on sensitization element 30 in order to make residual image 54, must have more light quantity to use between exposure period.Therefore, when the light from scene was in second scope, shutter system 27 allowed the schedule time of sensitization element 30 exposures be enough to form image on the residual image zone 50 of sensitization element 30.

Therefore, shown in Fig. 2 c, when the light in 42 pairs second exposure ranges 86 of lenticule of microlens array 40 exposes, just forming the re-expose that is suitable in scope, producing image on the sensitization element 30 of residual image part 50 by 86 expressions of second exposure range.Like this, sensitization element 30 can be used for taking and be higher than response lag 76 on the sensitization element 30 but be lower than the distinguishable image of exposure magnitude photographs of response lag in the expectation of expectation exposure range 82.

Between first exposure range 84 and second exposure range 86, can define an overlapping region.Expectation enlarge widely sensitization element 78 the place of required system scope, can shorten this overlapping region.In a preferred embodiment, by defining a sizable exposure range, wherein first exposure range 84 and second exposure range 86 are overlapping, just can guarantee sensitization element 78 in the required continuous expectation exposure range from concentrating pictorial element 52 or from the ability of residual image element 54 photographic images information.Perhaps, preferably provide a kind of camera 20, wherein have only little overlappingly, it is quite far away perhaps to be separated by between first exposure range 84 and second exposure range 86.Camera 20 with sizable like this interval can be worked effectively, so that such as taking different images under daylight and the widely different like this image-forming condition of indoor light.

Be appreciated that when the exposure magnitude is in second exposure range 86, on element 30, form and concentrate pictorial element 52.In first exposure range 84 and the partly overlapping at least place of second exposure range 86, the concentrated pictorial element 52 that forms between exposure period in second exposure range can include the image information of usefulness.But, when exposure exceeds first exposure range, concentrate pictorial element 52 just to show to such an extent that similarly be the artefact of overexposure in the residual image 54 that on residual image zone 50, forms.

Should also be pointed out that, although this discussion is confined to expect to obtain to prepare to be used for the human as seen specific embodiment of the light-sensitive silver halide element of the shooting of scene, but, the present invention is easy to be applied to take scene brightness and the human sightless special area of having expanded, and sensitization element 20 can adopt the required any photosensitive material of the known imaging characteristic of prior art.The actual expansion of light sensitivity can reach 0.15logE at least.In certain embodiments, the true extension of light sensitivity can be at least between 0.3logE and the 0.6logE.In another embodiment, the actual expansion of light sensitivity is at least 0.9logE.

In the image of taking, concentrate the displacement of pictorial element

Fig. 3 is illustrated in by square spherical microlens 42 arrays and carries out between the image mode exposure period exposing patterns that forms on the sensitization element 30.Fig. 3 also illustrates the intersection point 49 of optical axis 45 and sensitization element 30, and it is set up when sensitization element 30 is contained in the camera 20 and pass through 22 exposures of capture lens system.The expection image-region just at each lenticule 42 in the axial projection of sensitization element 30.As what can see on Fig. 3, the image-region of each expection is far away more from optical axis and sensitization element intersection point 49, and the displacement between expection image-region 47 and the actual image area 48 is just big more.Concentrate the degree of displacement of 52 pairs of expections of pictorial element image-region 47 to be subjected to camera 20 optical characteristics, capture lens system 22 and lenticule 42 controls.In order to provide a kind of outward appearance acceptable output image to compensate to this displacement.

The source of this displacement is now described with reference to Fig. 4.Fig. 4 shows, optical system 100 has optics (L1) 103 and (L2) 105, has the insertion aperture (D) 107 that shows for ease of explanation.This system provides effective aperture pupil on the optics.The light beam of the effective aperture restricted passage optical system 100 of aperture 107.The optical axis intersection of aperture 107 planes and optical system is in the A point.In aperture 107 fronts, the optics 103 of described system entrance pupil Pi place on plane 111 forms the virtual image of diaphragm (stop).Entrance pupil Pi is such, and the extended line of parallel image light 113 (chief ray R and peripheral light Ra and Rb) has been determined the profile of entrance pupil Pi by being the extended line of the parallel image light 103 on boundary with aperture 107 just backward.The diameter of entrance pupil Pi just equals the effective aperture of aperture.

The plane 111 of entrance pupil Pi intersects at the I point with the optical axis 101 of optical system 100.Similarly, the optics 105 of the described system in aperture 107 back emergent pupil Pe place on plane 109 forms the virtual image of aperture 107.Emergent pupil Pe is such, and the extended line of focus light 115 (chief ray R ', peripheral light Ra ' and Rb ') is by optics L2 105, and it is the profile that the boundary determines emergent pupil Pe with aperture 107 just backward.The optical axis intersection of the plane of emergent pupil Pe and optical system 100 is in the E point.The ratio of the diameter of emergent pupil Pe and entrance pupil Pi diameter is called the pupil enlargement factor.For prevailing lens combination, the ratio of the diameter of emergent pupil Pe and entrance pupil Pi diameter between 0.85 and 1.15, for dolly-out,ing dolly-back lens between 0.4 and 0.85, and for wide-angle lens it may be between 1.10 and 2.0.

The pupil enlargement factor can also depend on the orientation of optics 105 with respect to the picture plane.Chief ray R-R ' is expressed as at first pointing to a some I from scene, and as at place, picture plane from the reception of E point.When often occurring as the symmetric lens system, during light center that aperture 107 is arranged to make its center place optical system 100, the pupil center is just consistent with node, but this unanimity does not appear at simple lens, interchangeable lens, on the lens of dolly-out,ing dolly-back etc.Although the definition of pupil is represented at the poly-lens optical system, but obviously for the optical system of fairly simple optical system of seeing in the fixed focal length camera and the more complicated seen in projector, optical printer, scanner etc., the position of pupil can define with similar approach.Really, for some lens combination, entrance pupil Pi may be identical with emergent pupil Pe.

Below definition derive from top description, and be useful to the source of 52 displacements of pictorial element in the explanation set, now be described below:

The aperture image that entrance pupil Pi-sees from object space.

The aperture image that emergent pupil Pe-sees from the image space.

The Figure recognition of incident and emergent pupil.Entrance pupil generally can a branch ofly pass described optical system by discerning, locate from the parallel rays of special angle on figure.The light at described light shafts center is at entrance pupil place and optical axis intersection.Emergent pupil oppositely extends to a bit locating of described light and optical axis intersection from image to optical system by described same light on figure.Described intersection point has defined the position of emergent pupil.

F value-described expression formula is represented equivalent focal length and its entrance pupil diameter ratio of lens.

The greatest circle cone apex angle sine of numerical aperture (NA)-can enter and leave the meridional ray of optical system or element multiply by the refractive index of the medium that is positioned at described conical tip, generally measures with respect to object point or picture point, and along with described point moves and changes.Same lens combination can be different from outgoing NA with respect to picture point with respect to the incident NA of the lens combination of object point.In general, according to geometrical optics, the numerical aperture of projection or capture lens (NA) is provided equivalently by the inverse of described lens work f value twice.

Obviously, have only from lens combination to come out and perpendicular to the light on picture plane (at Ra '-R '-Rb ') be symmetrically located at image around the optical axis and be only from around the same optical axis of being symmetrically located at of scene.Because the output of the 42 usefulness capture lens systems 22 of the lenticule in the current system is as its scene, so have only the lenticule 42 of the scene that receives the symmetry location, microlens axis is consistent with capture lens system axle separately to be only it.Illustrational as Fig. 3, the axis of lenticule 42 departs from the optical axis of capture lens system 22, just departs from far away more by the zone of lenticule 42 imagings.

Therefore, space and angular relationship in the change camera 20 between 22 emergent pupil Pe of capture lens system and the sensitization element 30 have just changed the sensitization elemental areas by lenticule 42 exposures.Qualitative, coaxial lenticule 42 produces on-axis image, and all produce from axle lenticule 42 and depart from the concentrated pictorial element 52 of lenticule 40 optical axises separately.As mentioned above, concentrate may occurring according to concentrating the painted output image that gets very poor unmodified of pictorial element of pictorial element 52 from the axle offset amount.Similarly, change projecting lens entrance pupil Pe, will influence the zone of sensitization element 30 after the lenticule exposure of taking and the optical processing by projection lens system.In this respect, may define a kind of optical system of readout device, make the optical system of reader and the space of sensitization element 30 and the space and the angular relationship of angular relationship and scene and sensitization element 30 mate.This system may be heavy, is to be produced by the position and the enlargement factor of former scene to camera lens configuration decision because use (functional) real image.If the capture lens of projecting lens and camera is identical and such location so that the meniscus camera lens that exists during the imitation photographic images and the relation of image, then the image of Zai Xianing will appear on the position of original object with original size.The reconstruction of image that other lenses and spatial relationship combination results are kind entirely, image-region incorrect goes crooked and/or forms the Points And lines vestige of newspaper photo.The picture quality of this level is poor than photographic material modern day user expection generally.

Therefore should be pointed out that the benefit of expanding the actual exposure scope of sensitization element 30 for the microlens array 40 that obtains to utilize lenticule 42, must compensate this crooked effect in another way.

Below each section to describe compensation crooked so that according to concentrating pictorial element 52 to form the different embodiment of the system of acceptable images.Each section described and compensated crooked so that form the different embodiment of the system of acceptable images from residual image zone 50 after a while.

Utilize and concentrate pictorial element to form image

According to the present invention, the pattern of the concentrated pictorial element of concentrated image-region 48 records of the image that the photography that reproduction utilizes lenticule to assist forms on sensitization element 30 is so that form the output image with acceptable outward appearance.The reproduction process relates to the decompress(ion) of optical imagery and adaptive, so that form outward appearance acceptable image on imaging plane.According to the present invention, decompress(ion) and adaptively finish with optical mode.The processing of the sensitization element of the image that this photography that advantageously makes traditional photo-optics developing and printing process equipment be suitable for easily having to utilize lenticule to assist writes down on film.

Fig. 5 represents to utilize the sensitization element 30 with fixing exposure range to take the lower image information from scene of exposure ranges, and recovers the method for acceptable output image from the image-forming information of sensitization element 30 records.The first step of described process is to make sensitization element 30 be exposed to light (step 300) from scene.

The pattern that is divided into concentrated (or compression) part and remainder from the light of scene.(step 302) as mentioned above, the concentrated part of light makes on the sensitization element 30 concentrates image-region 48 exposures, and at the pattern that forms on sensitization element 30 after the development such as the concentrated pictorial element 52 of line and point.When the light from scene is in first exposure range 84, in concentrated pictorial element 52, form contrast images.

Then sensitization element 30 is carried out optical processing (step 304), so that form the element 38 that optical processing is crossed.Any optical processing method all can be used in the prior art.Optical processing can comprise development step, has optional desilverization step.Optical processing can be by making sensitization element 30 and optical processing chemical agent, making optical processing become possible condition to contact with medicament and finish.Optical processing can be finished by allowing sensitization element 30 and optical processing medicament or pH adjustment agent or both aqueous solution contact.Perhaps, can utilize the known other technologies of prior art that the sensitization element is carried out optical processing, such as light heat sensitive imaging, wherein sensitization element 30 enables agent and thermal is carried out optical processing by heating or by handle and optical processing.

Then the image of development of compression is handled, so that recover to can be used to for scanner, printer use or watch the output image of (not shown).Rejuvenation relates to by allowing light come image decompression (step 306) by the image and the microlens array of compression backward.Rejuvenation also relates to the light that makes behind the decompress(ion) and is suitable for utilizing the image field lens that image is gone crooked (step 308).Image after the recovery can randomly further be handled (step 310) as described below.Pay output image (step 312) then.

Now with reference to Fig. 1,4,5,6 and 7 describe decompress(ion) in more detail and adapt to step (step 306 and 308).

As previously mentioned, Fig. 1 represents camera 20, and it has capture lens 22, sensitization element 30 and intercalary microlens array 40.For the purpose of clear, other elements of camera keep off such as shutter and cable release, fixing or variable aperture, also claim diaphragm, sheet folder, winding mechanism, view-finder or the like to be omitted.In Fig. 1 camera 20, expose with image mode, intercalary microlens array 40 plays the light that handle drops on sensitization element 30 specific parts and puts together, so increased system's light sensitivity of camera 20 effectively, and simultaneously on the sensitization element, produced the exposing patterns that has compressed.The lenticule 42 of camera lens system 22 and microlens array 40 makes the scene imaging jointly on sensitization element 30.When microlens array 40 comprises the array of circular microlens 42, the ratio of the lens f value that the effective camera photosensitive degree gain on the intensity of the light that carries out with lenticule or the concentrated light is capture lens system 22 and lenticule 42 square.Light sensitivity gain (log of relative exposure) is the f value of capture lens system 22 and the twice of the log of the ratio of the f value of lenticule 42.So concentrating of 42 pairs of light of lenticule of microlens array 40 just makes system's light sensitivity obtain gain.Be in spherical microlens 42 under the situation of quadrate array, on sensitization element 30, form dot pattern.As following also will be in greater detail, other forms of lenticule also can adopt.

According to the present invention, decompress(ion) (step 306) and adaptive (step 308) are all utilized optical imagery to change and are finished.For instance, Fig. 6 represents an embodiment of prior art readout device 350, and the exposing patterns of its concentrated pictorial element 52 from the sensitization element 352 produces image.Readout device 350 has optical system 351, and the latter finishes simultaneously and utilizes camera arrangement, is recorded in the decompress(ion) of the image on the sensitization element 352 and adaptive such as Fig. 1 camera 20.In this embodiment, readout device 350 has diffused light source 354.Sensitization element 352 quilts with camera shown in Figure 1 20 exposures are bright from the illumination of light source 354.The light of image modulation forms the projected image 360 of original scene on imaging plane 361 by microlens array 356 and projecting lens 358.

Should be understood that, the camera of Fig. 1 is decorated with the emergent pupil consistent with capture lens system 22, and the readout device 350 of Fig. 6 also is decorated with the entrance pupil consistent with projection lens system 362, and each lenticule 42 in Fig. 1 camera system is projected in the concentrated parts of the light of the emergent pupil by capture lens system 22 the concentrated image-region 48 of sensitization element 30.The light of concentrating is formed as described above and concentrates pictorial element 52 at each lenticule assembly back broadening.As will be described below, concentrate pictorial element 52 on sensitization element 30, to contrast the space of camera optical axises 45 and the mode broadening of angle displacement decision with each lenticule 42.In Fig. 6, optical processing element 352 has the pattern of concentrated pictorial element 52, latter back projection, the optical reproduction image of formation original scene.

Readout device 350 shown in Figure 6 is suitable for reading image from the element 352 that the optical processing that has the element of crossing with optical processing 352 and become whole microlens array 356 is crossed.Will describe in further detail as following, other lenticules configurations also can be adopted.As long as the identical spatial relationship of setting up between actual camera pupil, microlens array and sensitization element 352 when setting up with exposure when reading image, the readout device of Fig. 6 promptly can carry out decompress(ion) to image by optical mode.Why like this, be because when being used for playback mode, on the aperture location of setting up when 356 pairs of patterns at compressed image element 52 of microlens array form, that is image encoded is carried out decompress(ion) on camera aperture.So, by the microlens array in the camera 20 that utilizes Fig. 1 356 introduce crooked, compensate by on function, moving camera backward.But the spatial relationship between actual camera pupil, microlens array 40 and the sensitization element of setting up when often exposing in Fig. 1 camera 20 30 can't repeat effectively, has quality by the image of the outward appearance of crooked reduction so readout device 350 will present.

According to one embodiment of the invention, all readout devices as shown in Figure 6 are suitable for utilizing the image field lens to proofread and correct the displacement of the crooked concentrated pictorial element 52 that causes.This image field lens are adjusted the light path in the readout device, make it the optical characteristics coupling with camera system.In fact, the locus of described image field lens mobile lens aperture or pupil in case can with suitable focus and with suitable enlargement factor the scene of record be projected in use on-the-spotly go up, the phase paper plane of for example scanner sensor plane or optics printer.In another embodiment that substitutes, camera system comprises the image field lens, makes image be suitable for going the image on the photographing phase crooked so that allow formed Points And lines image to read at traditional scanner or optics print head.In an alternate embodiment, in camera system and read-out system, all comprise the image field lens, and mate, crooked in conjunction with compensation.

There are some unique approach to be used for the concentrated image that camera 20 forms is carried out decompress(ion) and optical reproduction.Required is that former scene, the spatial relationship of taking between pupil and the exposure image will be reproduced as developed image to reading the relation of pupil to reconstruction of scenes.The unanimity of this spatial relationship can be by all selecting lens and lens that the distance of object/lens to object realized on two stages of common optimization shooting-read-out system meticulously.More generally, the unanimity of this spatial relationship can by on the photographing phase, reading on the stage or adopt the image field lens to realize on two stages at exposure-read-out system.

Although should be pointed out that to have proposed to utilize the image field lens specially in the description of decompress(ion) and adaptation step in scanner, other layouts of image field lens and the application of optics printer or Direct observation also all take into full account interior.Among the different embodiment that are described below, increase the image field lens, so that mate the position of optical projection system entrance pupil so that satisfied requirement to the optical reproduction image with respect to microlens array mobile cameras emergent pupil to camera.Taking the adaptive place of side execution, the reader of Fig. 6 can be without the image field lens.

The different embodiment of this system will be described below in further detail.But the optical condition that can be used for behind the adaptive and decompress(ion) can be described with digital form.In this respect, for such system, following definition is that useful design is considered.

A bit that the incident parallel beam is assembled on focus-lens axis.

Focal length-effective focal length (EFL) is the distance from principal point to corresponding focus.Front focal length (FFL) is the distance of the past lens face to preceding (first) focus.Back focal length (BFL) is the distance from the rear lens face to back (second) focus.

Principal plane-in lens or lens combination, the surface that incident and emergent ray projection are intersected.Also claim equivalent reflecting surface, principal plane often is not a plane, but a curved surface.

A bit that principal point-principal plane and lens axis intersect.

Lens combination generally all has preceding principal plane and back principal plane.Before principal plane definition about the front principal point of porch light parallel and that focus at the front focus place overleaf.The definition of back principal plane is about the posterior principal point of porch light parallel and that focus at the back focus place in front.In fact forward and backward principal point may be identical in simple optical system.

For camera system (camera):

f _c=camera lens focal length

s _c=the distance of first principal point from the scene to the camera optical system

s _cThe distance of '=from image (at the front surface of lenticular film) to camera optical system second principal point

p _c=the distance of front surface from the camera emergent pupil to lenticular film

For projecting lens (optics printer or scanner):

f _p=projecting lens focal length

s _p=distance from object (at the front surface of lenticular film) to projecting lens first principal point

s _pThe distance of '=from image (for example, at CCD or photographic paper place) to projecting lens second principal point

p _p=distance from the entrance pupil of scanner lens to the front surface of lenticular film

For both:

M=enlargement factor=s '/s=picture size/dimension of object

1/f＝1/s+1/s’

For unusual single system (thin lens, locate single principal point in the lens center, entrance pupil is consistent with principal point, camera lens focus is in the infinite distance, that is s _c=infinity) 1/f _c=1/s _c'.The reconstruction of image that is formed in such camera by the microlens array film will occur when the respective lens system pupil is consistent, because have by 1/f when sp=fc and suitable projector lens _p=1/f _c+ 1/s _p', and the enlargement factor=M of system _p=s _p'/f _cThe time, that is system is tied.

Select the image field lens, make easily that optical reproduction becomes the possible position that requires so that the position of at least one pupil adjusted to.Enabling in the camera (enabling) image field lens move to the emergent pupil of camera on the entrance pupil of projector, and the both is with respect to film and lens arra.Similarly, the image field lens that enable in the projector move to the emergent light village of camera to the incident light village of projector, and the both is with respect to film and lens arra.On photographing phase and projection stage, all use the image field lens can make more omnipotent system become possibility.Employing has automatic adjustment lens combination provides the aforesaid imaging system that enables pupil location to make a kind of more omnipotent system become possibility.

For the roughly consistent simple system of pupil wherein, be installed in the suitable focal distance f of the image field lens on the projector with principal point _fProvide by following formula:

1/f _f＝-1/s _f+1/s _f

In the formula

s _f=distance from the image field lens to projector lens entrance pupil

s _f'=from the image field lens are to the distance by the pupil of camera lens, lenticule and the decision of the image that forms.

Similarly, for the roughly consistent simple system of pupil wherein, be installed in the suitable focal distance f of the image field lens on the camera with principal point _fProvide by following formula:

1/f _f＝1/s _f-1/s _f

In the formula

s _f=distance from the image field lens to the camera lens entrance pupil

s _f'=from the image field lens are to the distance by the pupil of projector, lenticule and the decision of the image that forms.

Comprise the image field lens so that make image be suitable for being recorded in shooting in compressed image element 52 patterns on the sensitization element and an embodiment of read-out system is shown in Fig. 7 a and 7b for example.Fig. 7 a has schematically described the scene 401 of utilizing camera 400 shootings with optical axis 407 and lens 405, and described lens 405 have the light-ray condensings from scene 401 on the silver halide film 403 of biconvex microlens array 410.The optical system of camera lens 405 forms emergent pupil Pe.Microlens array 410 on the silver halide film 403 forms the pattern of representative by the concentrated pictorial element 52 of the scene information of emergent pupil Pe transmission.The concentrated pictorial element 52 that forms on the silver halide film 403 with by the mode of space between emergent pupil Pe, microlens array 410 each lenticules and the silver halide film 403 and angular relationship decision with respect to optical axis 407 broadenings.

Fig. 7 b describes scanner 419, is used for the lenticular film 421 that scan exposure and optical processing cross, and the latter comprises silver halide film 403 in this embodiment, after exposure and silver halide film 403 are exposed to development step in the camera of Fig. 7 a.Here scanner 420 has light source 423, and described light source 423 is positioned to illuminate the scene that images on exposure and the lenticular film 421 crossed of optical processing and it is projected on the solid-state imager 409 by microlens array 410, scanner lens 411 and optical element 417.Solid-state imager 409 can comprise charge-coupled device (CCD), CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) (CMOS) imager, charge injection device or other electronic imagers.The optical system of scanner 420 forms entrance pupil Pi.Image field lens 415 are between exposure and the optical processing lenticular film 421 and scanner lens 411 crossed.As mentioned above, selecting image field lens 415 is all each projected images that scanner lens 411 produce entrance pupil Pi, the illumination that makes scanner lens 411 can be received in the element with concentrated pictorial element 52 38 that optical processing crosses produces down with such size and position.Because the entrance pupil Pi of the scanner lens 411 that changed by image field lens 415 and be such from space and angular relationship between the lenticule image between two parties of the pictorial element that carries field information 52 projections of the compression of having developed, the pictorial element 52 of each compression all is projected on the incident light village Pi of projection optical system fully, submits a high-quality image to imager 409.Should be pointed out that scanner lens 411 and solid-state imager 409 play a part to represent specific embodiment of the present invention.Can replace them with same pleasant result with printer lens and sensitization shooting paper.Perhaps, known photosensitive material of other of other projection lens systems and prior art or device can be effectively applied to image observation and the record with the optical mode reproduction.

Fig. 8 a and 8b illustrate according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.Here the camera 701 that has the lens 703 that are suitable for photographed scene 705 has microlens array 707 on exposure light path 709.Camera 701 does not have the image field lens or makes pattern distortion like this and wittingly.In camera 701, can adopt traditional film 711.Reader 713 can be scanner, viewer or optics printer.In any case reader 713 will have light source 714, be used for launching light 715 by the film 717 after the processing of the exposure of scene in the camera 701 of Fig. 8 a.On reader light path 716, reader 713 also comprises microlens array 719 in addition.Microlens array 719 mates with the microlens array 707 of camera 701.Reader light path 716 is provided with image field lens 721, the latter makes light be adapted to pass through the spatial relationship and the projecting lens 823 of scene/light village/image that distortion sets up when taking and reads not matching between the spatial relationship of images/light village/output that plane 725 run into and compensates, and the described plane 725 of reading is formed by the photosurface of for example solid-state imager or the light activated element in the reader 713.This combination makes concentrates pictorial element 52 patterns can carry out optical reproduction, so that form the image that is suitable for direct optics print or scanning.Although plan the digital processing of the image be scanned, the digital reproduction that is scanned image not necessarily.

Fig. 9 a and 9b illustrate another embodiment of system of the present invention.Here on exposure light path 809, camera 801 has lens 803 and the microlens array 807 that is suitable for photographed scene 805.Camera 801 has image field lens 821, make pattern distortion wittingly, so that the spatial relationship and the projecting lens 823 of scene/light village/image of setting up when compensation is taken and read not matching between the spatial relationship of images/light village/output that plane 825 run into, the described plane 825 of reading is formed by the photosurface of for example solid-state imager or the light activated element in the reader 813.In camera 801, can adopt traditional film 811 to come photographed scene.Reader 813 can be a scanner, viewer or optics printer.In any case reader 813 all has light source 814, in order to the light 815 of emission by treated film 817 scenes of exposure in the camera 801 of Fig. 9 a.Reader 813 also comprises the microlens array 819 of coupling in addition on the reader light path 816 that photosurface or light activated element by for example solid-state imager form.This combination makes concentrates the pattern of pictorial element 52 can carry out optical reproduction, so that form the image that is suitable for direct optics print or scanning.Although plan the digital processing of the image be scanned, the digital reproduction that is scanned image not necessarily.

Figure 10 a and 10b illustrate another embodiment of system of the present invention.Here on exposure light path 909, camera 901 has the lens 903 that are suitable for photographed scene 905.Camera 901 does not have microlens array or image field lens or makes pattern distortion like this and wittingly.The film 911 that uses in the camera 901 has provisional microlens array 912, and with the photosensitive material that guarantees film 911 by the mode of the microlens array 912 exposures camera 901 of packing into.Shown in microlens array 912 are arrays of emulsion side, but microlens array 912 also can be the array of substrate side.In this embodiment, before reading after exposure microlens array 912 is removed from film, this is optically as the part of optical processing.Reader 913 can be scanner, viewer or optics printer.In any case reader 913 has light source 914, be used for launching light 915 by the film 917 of the processing that exposed in Figure 10 a camera scene.Reader 913 also comprises the microlens array 919 and the image field lens 921 of coupling in addition on reader light path 916, described image field lens 921 make light be adapted to pass through the spatial relationship and the projecting lens 923 of scene/light village/image that distortion sets up when taking and read not matching between the spatial relationship of images/light village/output that plane 925 run into and compensate, and the described plane 925 of reading is formed by the photosurface or the light activated element of for example solid-state imager.This combination makes the pictorial element 52 of compression be achieved optical reproduction, so that form the image that is suitable for direct optics print or scanning.Although plan the image that is scanned is carried out digital processing, the digital reproduction that is scanned image not necessarily.

Figure 11 a and 11b illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention.Here camera 1001 is common cameras, and it has the lens 1003 that are suitable for photographed scene 1005 on exposure light path 1009.The film of using in the camera 1,001 1011 has permanent microlens array 1012, and with the photosensitive material that guarantees film 1011 by the mode of the microlens array 1012 exposures camera 1001 of packing into.Microlens array 1012 shown in Figure 11 a is arrays of emulsion side, but also can be the array of substrate side.Reader 1013 can be scanner, viewer or optics printer.In any case reader 1013 has light source 1014, be used for launching by reader light path 1015 at the film 1017 of the processing of the camera scene exposure of Figure 11 a.Reader 1013 also comprises image field lens 1021 in addition on reader light path 1015, the spatial relationship and the projecting lens 1023 of scene/light village/image that the latter sets up when taking by distortion and read not matching between the spatial relationship of images/light village/output that plane 1025 run into and compensate, the described plane 1025 of reading is formed by the photosurface or the light activated element of for example solid-state imager.This combination is achieved the optical reproduction of the pictorial element 52 of compression, so that form the image that is suitable for direct optics print or scanning.Although plan the image that is scanned is carried out digital processing, the digital reproduction that is scanned image not necessarily.

Figure 12 a and 12b illustrate another embodiment of the present invention.Here camera 1101 has the lens 1103 that are suitable for photographed scene 1105 on exposure light path 1109.Camera 1101 has image field lens 1121, make pattern distortion wittingly, so that the spatial relationship and the projecting lens 1123 of scene/light village/image of setting up when taking and read not matching between the spatial relationship of images/light village/output that plane 1125 run into and compensate, the described plane 1125 of reading is formed by the photosurface or the light activated element of the solid-state imager in the reader 1113 for example.The film of using in the camera 1,101 1111 has provisional microlens array 1112, and with the photosensitive material that guarantees film 1111 by the mode of the microlens array 1112 exposures camera 1101 of packing into.Shown in microlens array 1112 are arrays of emulsion side, but also can be the array of substrate side.Randomly, after exposure and before reading, microlens array 1112 is removed from film 1111 as an optical processing part.Reader 1113 can be scanner, viewer or optics printer.Under any circumstance, reader 1113 all has light source 1114, is used for launching by the light 1115 at the film 1117 of the processing of the camera scene exposure of Figure 12 a.Reader 1113 also comprises microlens array 1119, the projecting lens 1123 of coupling and reads plane 1125 in addition on reader light path 1116.This combination is achieved the optical reproduction of pictorial element 52 patterns of compression, so that form the image that is suitable for direct optics print or scanning.Although plan the image that is scanned is carried out digital processing, the digital reproduction that is scanned image not necessarily.

Figure 13 a and 13b illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention.Here camera 1201 has the lens 1203 that are suitable in film 1211 photographs scenes 1205 on exposure light path 1209.Camera 1201 has image field lens 1221, make pattern distortion wittingly, so that the spatial relationship and the projecting lens 1223 of scene/light village/image of setting up when taking and read not matching between the spatial relationship of images/light village/output that plane 1225 run into and compensate, the described plane 1225 of reading is formed by the photosurface or the light activated element of the solid-state imager in the reader 1213 for example.The film of using in the camera 1,201 1211 has permanent microlens array 1212, and with the photosensitive material that guarantees film 1211 by the mode of the microlens array 1212 exposures camera 1201 of packing into.Shown in microlens array 1212 are arrays of emulsion side, but also can be the array of substrate side.Reader 1213 can be scanner, viewer or optics printer.Under any circumstance, reader 1213 all has light source 1214, is used for launching 1215 by the light at the film 1217 of the processing of the camera scene exposure of Figure 13 a.By the light of image modulation by permanent microlens array 1212 decompress(ion)s, and by projecting lens 1223, so that form image reading on the plane 1225.This combination is achieved the optical reproduction of the pictorial element of compression, so that form the image that is suitable for direct optics print or scanning.Although plan the image that is scanned is carried out digital processing, the digital reproduction that is scanned image not necessarily.

Figure 14 a and 14b illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention.Here camera 1301 has the lens 1303 that are suitable in film 1311 photographs scenes 1305 on exposure light path 1309.Camera 1301 does not have microlens array or image field lens or makes pattern distortion like this and wittingly.The film of using in the camera 1,301 1311 has permanent microlens array 1312, and with the photosensitive material that guarantees film 1311 by the mode of the microlens array 1312 exposures camera 1301 of packing into.Shown in microlens array 1312 be positioned the substrate side of film 1311, but also can be positioned the emulsion side of film 1311.Permanent microlens array 1312 produces distortion, so that the spatial relationship and the projecting lens 1323 of scene/light village/image of setting up when taking and read not matching between the spatial relationship of images/light village/output that plane 1325 run into and compensate, the described plane 1325 of reading is formed by the photosurface or the light activated element of the solid-state imager in the reader 1313 for example.The mode that distortion in the microlens array 1312 makes the position of the image of formation produce with the image field lens of packing into suitable in the camera 1301 is crooked.Microlens array by in camera 1301, utilizing not distortion of required distortion degree in the microlens array 1312 of described system (selecting to add and do not add the image field lens according to becoming) photographed scene with reader 1313 is compatible and definite with practice mode.Perhaps, in the microlens array 1312 required distortion degree can be easily by utilizing above-listed standard lens formula to calculate each required microlens location and characteristic is determined.Reader 1313 can be scanner, viewer or optics printer.In any type of reader 1313, all has light source 1314, in order to the light 1315 of emission by the film 1317 of the processing of the exposure of scene in the camera of Figure 14 a.By the light of image modulation by permanent microlens array 1312 decompress(ion)s, and by projecting lens 1323, so that form image reading on the plane 1325.This combination makes formed point-line pattern image realize that with the form that is suitable for direct optics print or scanning optical reproduction is achieved.Although plan the image that is scanned is carried out digital processing, the digital reproduction that is scanned image not necessarily.

At Figure 15 schematically among the embodiment of illustrational uniqueness, film and film magazine can have the record of camera optical system, and read-out system such as, for example reader 1313 can have the data reader 1401 that can distinguish the camera optical system that is write down and the device of adjusting adjustable image field lens 1405, and the automatic compatibility between any becomes possibility in several lenticule imaging cameras and the reader so that make.For example, the record of camera optical system can utilize the well-known metadata communication technology to be coded on film or the film magazine when taking, and perhaps can be coded in during fabrication on film or the film magazine, and the camera of film for example is housed in advance.Such camera example is the camera 20 of Fig. 1.Camera 20 has controller 62, and it is designed to take the note image record of camera optical system when photographic images.For example, camera 20 has controller 62, the distance when The latter lens position detecting device 63 is determined the incident light village of capture lens system and image taking between the sensitization element 30, and make communication 66 described information of record on camera 20.Sort signal can be detected by data reader 1601, and by reader be used for making described image field lens be suitable for carrying out described image go crooked.

In an alternative unique embodiment, the data of relevant optical system can be used for determining whether optionally removing or replacing the image field lens by reader on light path.In another unique embodiment, the image field lens can be deformable lens, adjust by distortion, so that required light village adjustment is provided.In another embodiment, projector lens itself can be the deformable lens systems, and it is out of shape to provide and enables the adjustment of light village.The deformable lens system is well-known in astronomical photography, and here they often are described as ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.

The recovery of residual image

People can recall, and when the light from scene is in first exposure range 84, can form residual image in the residual image zone of sensitization element.Figure 16 represents the sensitization element 1950 through optical processing, has write down the pattern of concentrated pictorial element 1952 and residual image 1954 on it.Concentrate the existence of pictorial element 1952 to make relevant residual image 1954 have outward appearance beastly.Therefore, in order from residual image 1954, to recover image, must from residual image 1954, remove and concentrate pictorial element 1952.According to the present invention, utilize optical system, a projection is just removed from residual image 1954 and is concentrated pictorial element 1952 by not comprising the light in compressed image zone.Select suitable aperture for the optical system of reader and can accomplish this point.The condition that need satisfy when defining such aperture is that the aperture of such optical system is the composite bore diameter that obtains by lenticule numerical aperture and inverted lenticule numerical aperture addition.

Figure 17 a represents the front view from the effectively contrary aperture 2002 of residual image 1954 selective extraction image informations.Contrary aperture 2002 has opaque diaphragm (STOP) 2008, transparent annular region territory 2006 and opaque diaphragm 2004 on every side.Figure 17 b represents to have the side view of the reader 2013 in contrary aperture 2002.In an illustrated embodiment, contrary aperture 2002 is positioned to control transmission and crosses with the image mode exposure and through concentrated image-region 48, microlens array 2019 and the image field lens 2021 of the element 2017 of optical processing and the light of projection lens system 2023.Determine so the opaque diaphragm 2008 in center in contrary aperture 2002 size, make it possible to stop by through concentrated pictorial element 1952 modulation of the element 1950 of optical processing and by the light of microlens array 2019 and 2021 guiding of image field lens.Determine so transparent annular region 2006 and opaque diaphragm 2004 on every side size, make the f value of projection lens system 2023 and the lenticular f value of microlens array 2019 mate.The coupling of these f values guaranteed by through the transmittance of residual image zone 1954 modulation of the element 1950 of optical processing to reading plane 2025, and the opaque diaphragm 2008 in center blocks by the light of modulating through the concentrated image-region 1952 of the element 1950 of optical processing simultaneously.The similar applications in contrary aperture can directly be used, and can realize similar results with another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 18 represents to utilize respectively the contrary aperture 2002 of Figure 17 a and 17b and the method that reader 2013 recovers output image.The first step of this method is to allow the sensitization element, and for example sensitization element 1950 is exposed to the light from scene, above comprising with reference to Fig. 2 a, the light (step 2050) in second exposure range that 2b and 2c describe.Also as mentioned above, described light is divided into concentrated part and remainder (2052).Remainder for example 1954 is recorded on the sensitization element 1950.Then the sensitization element is carried out optical processing (step 2054), make the sensitization element become the element 2017 of the optical processing of process shown in Figure 17 b.From the optical projection of light source 2016 by the element 2017 after the optical processing, transmit (step 2058) by 2017 modulation of the element after the optical processing and along light path 2015.Tiao Zhi light is by microlens array 2019, here to being included in the image decompression (step 2058) in the light modulated then.Image field lens 2021 optionally make the light modulated behind the described decompress(ion) be suitable for described light is gone crooked (step 2060) then.Then, by blocking by being recorded in through the optical filtering of the light of the concentrated image-region modulation in the element 2017 of optical processing to decompress(ion) with remove light after crooked filter (step 2062).The result of this optical filtering process only just is used for forming image reading on the plane 2025 by the light of residual image zone 1950 modulation.The formation image comprises image restored on the plane 2025 reading.Then described image is handled (step 2064).

Be used to recover the composite set of image

The image recovery system

Can be in retrospect, through after the optical processing, the element 38 of process optical processing comprises to be concentrated the image in the pictorial element 52 and takes residual image 54 forms to have the image of concentrated pictorial element 52.For the scope of the expansion that provides by lenticule assistance photography is provided, it is useful that a kind of readout device is provided, and it can be taken and recover image from having with the form of concentrating pictorial element 1052 with such as image 1954 with the sheet band of the form record image thereon of residual image.An example of this device is a device shown in Figure 19.

As shown in figure 19, camera 20 is used for the image recording that has been separated by microlens array 40 carrying out optical processing then on the sheet band, becomes the element 38 of process optical processing shown in Figure 19.Read with readout device 2100 through the image on the element 38 of optical processing.Described readout device comprises electronic line scanner.As shown in figure 19, scanner 2100 is the optical system 2105 that comprises image field lens 2120, microlens array 2125, contrary aperture 2130 and lens combination 2110.Optical system 2105 is used for forming significant image on scanner 2144.But,, must determine that the image that will scan is as the image of concentrating pictorial element pattern 1952 records, still the image that writes down as residual image pattern 1954 in order to realize this point.In first embodiment, detecting device 2140 is set.It is being the image that is recorded in the pattern of concentrating pictorial element 52 through the described image of indication on the element 38 of optical processing that detecting device 2140 is designed to be used for detection record, still as the signal of the image of residual image 54 records.In this respect, with reference to Fig. 1, the sensor 64 that has optional optical sensor 60, controller 62, sensitization element type shown in the figure with communicate by letter a camera 206 of 6.The magnitude of light in scene when these optical modules can be used for the detected image exposure, and as signal encoding on signal sensitization element 30, indication sensitization element 30 is the image informations that comprise from first exposure range, such as being included in the information of concentrating in the pictorial element 52, also be included in second exposure range, such as the information that is recorded in residual image 54, or comprise both.

Optical sensor 60 can comprise it being the photoelectric cell that produces the voltage output that for example is directly proportional with the light quantity of scene.Controller 62 detects described signals and according to this signal deciding scene brightness.Controller 62 can be a digitial controller, such as microprocessor or microcontroller or analog controller, such as the programmable analog device.When being analog, can between optical sensor 60 and controller 62, insert the analog to digital converter (not shown) at controller 62, in order to being digital form to voltage transitions.

Sensitization element type sensor 64 produces the signal of the sensitization element type of representing the camera 20 of packing into.Sensitization element type sensor 64 can be DX or optical bar code readout device, in order to directly to read the type mark of sensitization element or other signals of indication sensitization element type from sensitization element 30 or sensitization element canister (not shown).Sensitization element type sensor 64 also can be switch or other setting devices, makes user's can point out to pack into type of the sensitization element 30 in the camera 20.Be marked with the place of sensitization element type mark at sensitization element 30, can be with communication 66 as sensitization element type sensor 64.Controller 62 is from optical sensor 60 and sensitization element type sensor 64 received signals, and determines to be enough to form the strength range that still forms the image of residual image 54 forms with the strength range of the image of concentrating pictorial element 52 pattern forms record from only having of scene.Then controller 62 make communication 66 signal encoding on sensitization element 30, indication is coded in edge (edge) type on the sensitization element 30.Described signal can be light, magnetic, machinery or other types.In an alternative embodiment, sensitization element 30 is furnished with electronic memory, such as the integrated circuit memory (not shown).In this alternate embodiment, the data of relevant sensitization element 30 types are recorded in the electronic memory in company with integrated circuit during fabrication, are extracted from sensitization element 30 by communication 66.This communication can be used up, electronic wireless electricity frequency or any other easily means carry out.The data of indicating image type also are recorded in the electronic memory in a similar manner.

Signal can also change sensitization element 30 or sensitization element box (not shown) is recorded on the sensitization element 30 by mechanical means.In such embodiments, communication 66 can shearing, punching or change sensitization element 30 or sensitization element 30 box (not shown) come tracer signal with other modes, and described communication 66 can also be suitable for detecting such signal.Any known communication plan can adopt in the prior art.Useful communication plan comprises chip on magazine DX or IX sign indicating number, bar code, the magazine, sensitization element optical character, sensitization unit biscuit porcelain etc., and as in U.S. Patent No. 6,222,607B1 people such as () Szajewski is disclosed.

Detecting device 2140 detects such tracer signal, and produces the signal that is detected by scanner controller 2145.Optical character in the detecting device 2140 all right checking images is so that determine that it still is residual image 54 pattern form image encoded that specific sensitization element comprises to concentrate pictorial element 52.Scanner controller 2145 moves image field lens 2120 and/or contrary aperture 2130 so that can recover images as described above or from the pattern of concentrated pictorial element 52 or from residual image 54 by this way then.

In one embodiment, when determining that being recorded in the image that passes through on the element 38 of optical processing is residual image, can optionally insert contrary aperture 2002 in the light path 2102, and when determining that through the image on the element 38 of optical processing be when setting up with the form of the pattern of concentrating pictorial element, it is removed.Image restored is projected on the scanner 2144.Scanner 2144 can be analog scanning instrument and/or digital scanning instrument.In this respect, scanner 2144 can be that for example, the array detector (not shown) is such as the array of charge-coupled image sensor.Perhaps, scanner 2144 can be the linear array of detecting device, in order to the recovery image of lining by line scan.Traditional scan method of other types and device also can adopt.For pattern imaging, produce red, green, blue pixel sequences, they can associate with the spatial positional information that provides from scanner 2144.This in case of necessity information can become digital form with analog to digital converter.

Scanner 2144 can be with the image-forming information of any multiple traditional approach generation from the sensitization element.In the embodiment of a recommendation, can sequentially scan with the single scanning light beam in the orchid by blue, green, red optical filter color separation, green, the red range, so that be formed for the scanning light beam that separates of each color record being recorded in through the image on the element 38 of optical processing.If other colors are presented on through on the element 38 of optical processing with image mode, then can adopt the light beam of other appropriate color.Perhaps, when adopting monochromatic moulding material, then can scan and handle described material.For simplicity, the discussion of back will concentrate on colored formation on the material processed.In one embodiment, extract the information that writes down with image format, and the element 38 through optical processing is further used infrared light scanning, so that write down the position of non-image flaw with red, green, blue streak.When adopting such flaw or " noise " scanning, can be used to provide soft correction corresponding to the signal of described flaw, make flaw seem so unshowy, perhaps in soft copy or hard copy form, discover at all less than.The hardware, software and the technology that reach such minimizing defective work are in U.S. Patent No. 5,266,805 (Edgar) and world patent WO98/31142 (people such as Edgar), WO98/34397 (people such as Edgar) is described among WO99/40729 (people such as Edgar) and the WO99/42954 (people such as Edgar).

In another embodiment, repeatedly scan formed image, randomly use infrared ray, and produce the single file of representing initial pictures in conjunction with resulting file in conjunction with transmission and reflective scan.Such method is in U.S. Patent No. 5,466, is described among 155, U.S. Patent No. 5,519,510,5,790,277 and No.5,988,895 people such as (all) Edgar.

Handle view data so that the fidelity that guaranteed color data before concentrated image-region 48 or remaining area 50 recovery image informations the scanning back.For example, the technical skill of conversion is carried out in U.S. Patent No. 5,267 to the signal that carries image in the scanning back, 030 (people such as Giorgianni), U.S. Patent No. 5,528,339 (people such as Buhr), U.S. Patent No. 5,835,627 (people such as Higgins), U.S. Patent No. 5,694,484 (people such as Cottrel), U.S. Patent No. 5,962, be described among 205 (people such as Arakawa) and U.S. Patent No. 6,271,940 B1 (people such as Deschuytere).Other see the Digital ColorManagement (color digital management) of Giorganni and Madden ' s, Addison-Wesley, 1,998 one books to illustrating of this method.Disclosed conversion of signals technology can further be revised, so that the image (reference is provided) that comprises that outward appearance is selected by the user is provided.

Matrix and lookup table can provide effective image transformation.In one embodiment, can adopt 3 one dimension lookup table, each is used for red, green, blue color look record.Because the complicacy of this conversion is noted that and adopts the three dimensional lookup table lattice often can finish conversion preferably.In another embodiment, can adopt the multidimensional lookup table lattice,, among 039 (D ' Errico) description be arranged all in U.S. Patent No. 4,941.

In a remodeling, R from scanner, the signal that G and B have image transfers the image metric (Image Metric) that is equivalent to from benchmark image register or medium to, and the tristimulus values that standard apparatus or medium form when wherein the metric of all input medias (Metric Value) is equivalent to standard apparatus or medium takes original scene under the same condition when input media is taken described scene.For example, if the benchmark image recording medium is elected the egative film of specific colour as, and intermediate image data tolerance (Metric) is elected the actual measurement RGB density of benchmark film as, then for the color negative film of importing, from the R of scanner, the signal that G, B carry image is transformed to the R ' of the image that should form during exposure corresponding to reference color negative photosensitive element under the similarity condition of the colored negative material exposure of reality, G ', B ' density value.

In another remodeling, if the benchmark image recording medium is elected specific color negative film as, and intermediate image data tolerance is elected the predetermined R ' of described benchmark film, G ', B ' intermediate density as, then for according to input color negative photosensitive element of the present invention, the R from scanner, the signal transformation that G, B carry image is for corresponding to the similarity condition of the colored negativity recording materials exposure of the reality R ' of the reference color negative photosensitive element of the exposure image that should form down, G ', B ' intermediate density value.Sao Miao result represents the Digital Image Data of the image of sensitization element 30 photographs like this.

Digital signal processor 2148 receives the signal of scanner 2144 and/or analog to digital converter 2146 outputs.Digital signal processor 2148 design comes the mode processing signals to describe below, and signal transition is wanted the form that adopts for it.

Back scan image is handled

As mentioned above, recover to want output image is carried out extra processing after the output image, so that further improve described image and be subsequently processing prepare image data.The type of the back Flame Image Process of being carried out depends on the type of reproducing the used equipment of described image.For example, be traditional optics photograph developing and printing system in order to the equipment that reproduces output image.The means of the chemistry of traditional optics can be used for improving the outward appearance of image.Such technology can comprise advantageously in the photochemistry mode and changes the color content of the saturation degree of image or image and/or change the apparent contrast of described image.Optical technology also can be used for improving image in such system such as cutting, simulate varifocal and other technologies.

In scanning or otherwise from the place of optical field or electronic applications transmission image restored, can adopt other Flame Image Process, include but not limited to a balanced algorithm (in order to determine the modified value of density and colour balance according to the density in one or more zones in the film of handling), U.S. Patent No. 5,134, what 573 people such as () Goodwin described does not have the colour gamut management of exposure gamma in order to amplify the sensitization element, carries out non-self-adapting or self-adaptation sharpening or dizzyization illiteracy cover, minimizing blood-shot eye illness and non-self-adapting or the inhibition of self-adaptation particle by eddy current.In addition, other processing that image can carry out artistic conversion, varifocal, cuts and combine with other images or prior art is known.European patent EP-A-0 961,482 (people such as Buhr), EP-A-0961,483 (people such as Buhr), EP-A-0 961,484 (people such as Buhr), EP-A-0961,485 (people such as Buhr) and EP-A-0 961,486 (people such as Buhr) have described other useful Flame Image Process sequences.

As shown in figure 19, in case image restored is handled, and any other Flame Image Process and conversion appear, image just can the electricity consumption submode be transferred to a distant place or writes various output units in this locality, include but not limited to sensitization element register 2156, scanner-recorder 2158, print to the print medium with printer 2174, on photographic paper or film, thermal printer, the electron optics graphic printer, ink-jet printer, display 2152, write CD or DVD CD 2168 with CD drive 2170, write magnetoelectricity signal storage dish 2164, other memory storages 2150 and display device 2152 that prior art is known with disc driver.

In this respect, image can randomly be handled, so that make it adapt to final use.For example, the output signal of carrying image can adapt to the benchmark output unit, can perhaps can require other adjustment to install specific code value, becomes the distinctive code value of device.Such modulation can do suitably to prepare for any transmission, storage, printing or the step display that utilize specific device with the combination of further matrixing or the conversion of one dimension lookup table or such conversion.Image or other output of dish, print is sent or transported to output image electricity consumption submode then.

Except that digital processing, digital picture can be used for changing the physical characteristics of image, such as " windowing " and " leveling " (utilizing the computing machine plane scan) or other known processing of prior art.

The characteristic of lenticule and microlens array

In above discussion, general description has been done in the application of microlens array 42.Each lenticule 42 convergent lenses of array 40, its shape makes convergence of rays or focusing.So they form from the sheet base and assemble projection.The part that is shaped as perfect or faulty sphere of each projection.Therefore, lenticule can be that spherical part lens or they can be that non-spherical lens or two kinds of lenticules use simultaneously.The land portions lenticule has the shape and the section of this land portions.Aspheric surface part lenticule has oblate spheroid or prolate shape and section.Why described lens are called micro-is because they form the circular or approaching circular projection of 1 to 1000 micron of diameter.The cylindrical part lenticule has the shape and the section of column part.Non-cylindrical part lenticule has the shape and the section of flat or elongated cylindrical.Specifically, the discussion of front generally all suppose be described in the situation of echoing mutually with the closely packed cube microlens array 40 of spherical microlens 42 under application of the present invention.Will find out that the various configurations of lenticule 42 and microlens array 40 all can be adopted.For example, Figure 20 is arranged in uniform cube close packing distribution patterns at the microlens array 40 of conceptive expression lenticule 42 on support 90.Should be pointed out that also and can adopt other patterns.For example, Figure 20 embodiment of rectangle close packing array pattern that represents to setover.In another embodiment shown in Figure 20, microlens array 40 is arranged in sexangle close packing array pattern.Microlens array 40 can be a feature with lenticule 42 stochastic distribution also.An embodiment with array of stochastic distribution is shown in Figure 20.Another embodiment also is shown among Figure 20, and microlens array 40 can be the cylindrical array or the non-cylindrical array of lenticule 42.

As Figure 21 a, shown in 21b and the 21c, microlens array 40 can comprise the lenticule 42 with different optical characteristic.In the embodiment of Figure 21 a, the microlens array 40 of cylindrical lenticule 42 is shown.Shown in Figure 21 a, first group of lenticule 42a of microlens array 40 is bigger than second group of lenticule 42b sectional area of described microlens array 40.In this embodiment, first group of lenticule 42a concentrates more most of light than lenticule 42b between exposure period.So shown in Figure 21 d, when the light quantity between exposure period was in first exposure range 84, first group of lenticule 42 concentrated the linear image exposure of formation in the image-region 48a at first group on the sensitization element 30.When the light from scene was in second exposure range 86, second group of microlens array 40 concentrated formation Line Chart picture in the image-region 48b at second group on the sensitization element 30.The light of being concentrated by any one group of lenticule 42a or 42b can not form the residual image (not shown) in the zone of the re-expose on the sensitization element 30 of Figure 21 a 50.Similarly, Figure 21 b and 21c represent to have the application of the microlens array of respectively organizing lenticule 42a and 42b 40 of different size separately, wherein when the light from scene 24 is in first scope, microlens array 40a concentrates light and forms exposure, and light is guided into the concentrated image-region 48a of sensitization element 30.When the light from scene was in second scope, lenticule 40b concentrated from the light of scene and the concentrated image-region 48b that light is guided sensitization element 30 into and forms exposure.Here also write down the remainder of light in the residue exposure area 50 of sensitization element 30.So in these embodiment of Figure 21 a-21c, effective light sensitivity of sensitization element 30 can further be expanded.Shown in Figure 21 c, the area coverage of lenticule 40 needn't maximize.Although any area coverage of lenticule 40 all can be used, the projected area of lenticule 40 can be 20% to the ratio of the projected area of sensitization element or light activated element 30 at least.In one embodiment, coverage rate can be between 50% and 85%.In another embodiment, can adopt 85% area coverage until the close packing limit.The levels of precision of area coverage be can regulate,, and effective photoreception granule degree and sharpness kept simultaneously so that can change exposure light sensitivity magnitude.In the embodiment of any one area coverage, can form support 90 like this, make residual ray penetrate on sensitization element 30 less than the close packing limit.

Microlens array 40 can comprise one group of single lenticule 42, forms together or gang formation, for example, by other known traditional manufacturing technologies of extruding, injection molding and prior art.Also can by be fixed together with machinery or chemical means or be contained in a plurality of independent lenticule 42 on the support 90 and combine and form microlens array 40.Microlens array 40 can comprise one group of biconvex pearl or spheroid (not shown), and described biconvex pearl or spheroid are arranged near sensitization element 30 or cover on the sensitization element 30 or with sensitization element 30 combine.Can form lenticule 42 with any known method in the microstructure technology.42 pairs of sensitization elements 30 of lenticule can be single, for example, directly embed sensitization element 30 during fabrication, and perhaps they make the laminating of a whole conduct uniqueness on sensitization element 30.In another embodiment, microlens array 40 can utilize light sensitive layer to form.

Figure 22 a-22c represents to be contained in the sectional view of the lenticule 42 on the support 90, presents the exemplary embodiment of various spheries or non-spherical microlens 42 among the figure.Figure 22 a and 22c represent to have the embodiment of the microlens array 40 of spherical microlens 42.Should be pointed out that any of above-mentioned array pattern can combine with aspherical microlens 42, so that the light sensitivity of expansion to be provided.In addition, can use lenticule 42 patterns of any not closed packing mode, make the expansion light sensitivity become possibility.

The unique hacures of lenticule 42 usefulness are represented, illustrate the sphere or the aspheric surface feature that in fact constitute lenticular outshot.42 pairs of this application scenarios of the aspherical microlens of Figure 22 b and 22c shown type are particularly useful, because: the variable radius of lens is got ready for the control focal length of lens, and effective lens aperture almost has nothing to do with interval between the lenticule and photographic layer.Although these sections have been described as sphere or aspheric surface, should be pointed out that the cylindrical and non-cylindrical lenticule 42 of the same representative profile of these synoptic diagram.

Effective film speed gain of the concentrated light of concentrating or being focused on by the capture lens system 22 that has circular projection lenticule 42 of light is the ratio-squared of the f value of camera 20 and lenticule 42.Can equal 2 * log (the f value of camera lens/lenticular f value) according to the film speed gain and determine that the film speed in such system gains (log with relative exposure represents).Concentrated or effective film speed gain of cylindrical lenticular light only allows the square root of such improvement amount, because their only concentrate light in one direction.The concentrating of 40 pairs of light of microlens array not only makes system's film speed obtain gain, but also form exposing patterns on photosensitive material.

The detailed characteristics of the size of camera 20 and capture lens system 22 has determined the distance of exposure light village to image, that is the cameras work focal length.On the photographic layer of sensitization element 30, form the lenticule image.The depth of focus and the field depth of the f value control camera 20 of camera lens combination 22, and effective light village of while lenticule f value control camera 20 when obtaining broad depth of focus and field depth, can obtain excellent sharpness.Utilize the f value of the opening of microlens array 40, use the emulsion of " low speed " that it is generally acknowledged to obtain high system's film speed.This film speed that is exceedingly fast make can not have usually with " high feel " heat that emulsion interrelates and the situation of radiation instability under carry out existing photo-beat and take the photograph.

Therefore, effective combination of the f value of camera lens 22 and lenticule 42 just can obtain system's film speed gain.System's film speed gain is useful greater than 0.15logE or 1/2 aperture, though system's film speed gain is preferably 0.5logE or bigger.Though can use its f value to make the camera lens 22 that have suitable field depth for its intended purposes can obtain any lenticule 42 that film speed gains valuably,, generally the f value is that 1.5 to 16 lenticule 42 is useful.In some cases, the lenticule 42 of f value in f/2 to f/7 scope is useful.In other embodiments, the lenticule 42 of the most handy f value in f/3 to f/6 scope.

When keeping spatial relationship between each lenticule and the light reaching the film layer by optical processing, for example adopting when having lenticular optics support, lenticular smooth village and NA thereof all are maintained.But, when in shooting and projection, adopting unique lenticular lens array, obtaining will to run into extra constraint aspect the work system.This a kind of environment in back may may occur when the camera that lenticular lens array for example is housed is used with printer that lenticular lens array is housed or scanner.Perhaps, when the film that is changed during optical processing or destroys when its lenticular lens array is used with printer that lenticular lens array is housed or scanner, also may occur.In these cases, only allow projection ray by point not the condition by the peripheral region be keep lenticular pattern, number and optical power, and the numerical aperture of optical projection system to be no more than the numerical aperture of little image.Allow projection ray be, keep lenticular pattern, number and optical power by the condition of point and peripheral region, and the numerical aperture of optical projection system and lenticular numerical aperture coupling.Allow projection ray by the peripheral region not by the point condition be keep lenticular pattern, number and optical power, and the aperture of optical projection system to be the composite bore diameter that the numerical aperture of little image is added in gained on the inverse of little image values aperture.

For dot pattern, specific lenticular little image NA is calculated out by the radius and the lenticular focal length of point.Parallel equation (parallel equation) can be used for line pattern

Little image NA=sin θ and in the formula tan θ=picture point radius divided by corresponding lenticule focal length.

The relation of the photographic layer of the best design parameter of lenticule 42 and they and sensitization element 30 is deferred to following these definition:

The lenticule radius is lenticule 42 hemisphere face outshot radius-of-curvature.For aspherical microlens, described value changes along with the lenticule surface.

The lenticule aperture is the basal area that lenticule forms, and is generally described as diameter.For spherical microlens, described diameter must be less than or equal to the twice of lenticule radius, and for aspherical microlens, described diameter can be greater than the twice of the least radius that is run in the lenticule.Adopt the different lenticule of size can on microscale, can obtain unique film speed gain, thereby the exposure sensitivity of photographic layer is enlarged with unique aperture.

Tan θ '=lenticule aperture radius in lenticule numerical aperture=sin θ ' formula (not being radius-of-curvature) is divided by lenticular focal length.

The lenticule focal length is the distance of the photographic layer from lenticule 42 to sensitization element 30.For support with respect to the lenticule on the reverse side of photographic layer 42, this generally is made as the thickness of about support.Should be pointed out that lenticular use makes unique colour take the preferential light sensitivity that strengthens and becomes possibility.This characteristic may be a particular importance under indoor etc. the specific unbalanced lighting condition of the incandescent lighting of the darkness that few ruddiness is many such as blue streak.For example, for the system of preparing to take with incandescent lighting, lenticule can focus on film blue streak sensitive layer, thereby promotes for photochrome provides preferential film speed, and improves colour balance.Under other environment, can preferentially promote other colors.

Lenticule f value is that lenticule 42 apertures are divided by the lenticule focal length.For spherical microlens 42, required lenticule focal length can be used for determining suitable lenticule radius according to following lens equation:

Lenticule radius=lenticule focal length * (n ₂-n ₁)/n ₂

N in the formula ₁Be the refractive index of material (be generally air, refractive index is 1) beyond the lenticule, and n ₂It is the refractive index of lenticule and any continuous transparent material plastics of array support 90 (for example, as).Effective gelatin generally has 1.4 to 1.6 refractive index on the photography.The ratio of maximum refractive index and lowest refractive index can be between 0.8 and 1.2.In most preferred embodiment, described ratio is between 0.95 and 1.05.According to the known refractive index of typical camera chain assembly, effectively lenticule will have lenticule the radius ((n that is about 3 times ₂-n ₁)/n ₂≈ 1/3) the lenticule focal length.Non-integral lenticule 42 can be made with the very wide plastic and glass of scope.For the lenticule 42 that is integrally formed on the sensitization element 30, when the refractive index that forms material, photographic support and photographic layer container that lenticule uses as far as possible near the time, outstanding optical property is provided.But, have a mind to make refractive index not match and may be convenient to diffusion of light and reflection, influence the formation scope of residual image 54 with this.

Thereby, on the photographic film of the softness that is suitable for use as film form sensitization element 30, form and the lenticule 42 that is positioned at the photographic layer reverse side of support has effective radius by the decision of film 34 thickness.Preferred soft substrate 34 thickness are between 60 and 180 microns.In this case, should be pointed out that aspherical microlens 42 is in that other of sensitization support require to be adjusted aspect lenticule apertures and the focal length dirigibility in the design bigger.In an alternative embodiment, the short lenticule 42 of focal length can be used for support emulsion one side, and wherein lenticule 42 is positioned at the same side with photographic layer, and is far away from silver halide layer from the support ratio.Here required focal length is determined by any middle layer.When the middle layer was arranged, their thickness was about 1 to 50 micron or bigger.In the embodiment in figure 1, the microlens array 40 of lenticule 42 separates with sensitization element 30, is contained in separately between camera 20 interior camera lens combinations 22 and the film gate 26.In this embodiment, focal length is by microlens material and surrounding medium, and refringence and lenticule radius-of-curvature between the general air determine.

Although, should be pointed out that the actual number that adopts under any customized configuration all depends on configuration for the lenticule 42 that reaches the required any number of the every two field picture of effect all can adopt.For example, when requiring lenticule 42 focal lengths to be integrally formed in support photosensitive material one side because of lenticule 42, and the f value of lenticule 42 fixedly the time, can be run into 10 to 100 microns lenticule aperture or perforation pitch (pitches) by the required system film speed gain of compound lens system.So 135 format frame, size is about 24 * 36mm, covers whole surface and needs 8.6 ten thousand to 8,600,000 lenticules approximately.Emulsion side lenticule has short focal length, can have effective aperture or pitches between 3 to 30 microns, this means each 135 format frame, covers whole surface and needs 960,000 to 9,600 ten thousand lenticules approximately.Lenticule 42 apertures that focal length is contained in the camera when big degree of freedom is arranged can reach 500 microns even bigger.

Light from scene can pass through more than a microlens array 40.For example, the light from scene can be by having half-cylindrical lenticular first microlens array of arranging along transverse axis, then by having half-cylindrical lenticular second microlens array of arranging along Z-axis.This technology can be used for making the light from scene to carry out twin shaft effectively and concentrate.

Several specific system in combination have been described.It all is the optical reproduction that has the image field lens type.Certainly, the image of any scanning all will carry out digital reproduction potentially, for example when adopting film during film exposure itself, by means of being good with the irrelevant numeral enhancing of lenticular any influence.

Claims

1. a utilization method that the light activated sensitization element in the predetermined exposure magnitude scope is taken the image that comprises the exposure magnitude beyond the exposure magnitude preset range said method comprising the steps of:

Make described sensitization element to light exposure from scene;

Described light from described scene is divided into concentrated part and remainder, when the light from described scene is in first exposure range, described concentrated part is guided in and forms the pattern of concentrating pictorial element on the described sensitization element, and when the light from described scene was in second exposure range, the described remainder of described light was directed forming residual image; And

Carry out adaptive so that on described sensitization element, form the pattern of described concentrated pictorial element in the predetermined pattern of concentrated image-region to light from described scene.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: make described sensitization element comprise that to the light step of exposing from scene the light that allows from described scene is by having the capture lens system of emergent light village.

3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the step of described adaptive light from described scene is included in and between described capture lens system and the described sensitization element image field lens is set so that form the pattern of concentrating pictorial element in the pattern of the concentrated image-region of described sensitization element.

4. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described image field lens are inserted between described scene and the microlens array, and the step of adaptive described light from described scene comprises that the optical characteristics of adjusting described image field lens is so that form the pattern of described concentrated pictorial element in described concentrated pictorial element zone.

5. one kind is used for from form the method for output image through the sensitization element of optical processing, and described sensitization element has the concentrated pictorial element pattern that at least one position deviation is concentrated the image-region predetermined pattern, said method comprising the steps of:

With described sensitization element light is modulated through optical processing;

Light to modulation carries out decompress(ion), so that from being concentrated the light extraction image of pictorial element predetermined pattern modulation;

The light that the image of described decompress(ion) is carried out adaptive, as to make described decompress(ion) modulation forms the image of decompress(ion), and the image of described decompress(ion) has the outward appearance of the image that forms from the pattern of the concentrated pictorial element of the predetermined pattern that is positioned at described concentrated pictorial element; And

The image focusing of described decompress(ion) on imaging plane.

6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that further comprising the steps of: the light behind the adaptive described decompress(ion), make the incident light village of reader lens combination and in the space between the concentrated pictorial element pattern that forms on the sensitization element after the optical processing and angular relationship optically and the emergent light village of capture lens system and space between the described concentrated pictorial element pattern that forms on the described sensitization element and angular relationship coupling.

7. camera, so that take the image that comprises the exposure magnitude that exceeds exposure magnitude preset range, described camera comprises in order to form at least one image on to the light activated sensitization element in the predetermined exposure magnitude scope:

Film gate, it determines described sensitization positions of elements;

The capture lens unit is used for the light from scene is focused on described sensitization element;

Shutter makes described sensitization element to from the controlled exposure of the light of described scene;

Microlens array, it is arranged between image field lens and the described sensitization element, light time in exposure comprises the first exposure order magnitude range, described microlens array guiding forms concentrated picture pattern from the first of the light of described scene on described sensitization element, and when the light from described scene is in the second exposure order magnitude range, described microlens array allows to be delivered to described sensitization element from the second portion of the light of described scene, around described concentrated exposure element, form residual image, wherein, the combination of described first exposure order magnitude range and the described second exposure order magnitude range and the described second exposure order magnitude range are greater than predetermined exposure magnitude scope; And

The image field lens, it is arranged between described capture lens unit and the described microlens array, and the adaptive light from described scene of described image field lens is so that concentrate the pattern that forms described concentrated pictorial element in the predetermined pattern of image-region on described sensitization element.

8. camera as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the position of optionally determining described image field lens, so that adaptive light from described scene, make that the described concentrated pictorial element pattern that forms is consistent with the concentrated pictorial element pattern that is formed by the camera that has the capture lens system on described sensitization element, the emergent light village of described capture lens system and described sensitization element and microlens array have predetermined space and angular relationship.

9. camera as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that described camera also comprises data recorder, in order to write down the signal of the described Guang Tuan of the outlet position of the described capture lens of expression bat system on the described sensitization element.

10. a readout equipment forms output image in order to utilize the sensitization element through optical processing, and described sensitization element through optical processing has the pattern of record concentrated pictorial element thereon and at least one in the residual image, and described reader comprises:

Light source is used for radiant light;

Film gate, be used for determining described through optical processing the sensitization positions of elements in case modulation by the light of described radiation of light source;

Microlens array, it is suitable for carrying out decompress(ion) by the described light of modulating through the predetermined pattern in the concentrated pictorial element zone on the sensitization element of optical processing, and described predetermined pattern is different from described through the actual pattern that forms on the sensitization element of optical processing;

Lens unit, it receives the light behind the described decompress(ion) and form output image on imaging plane; And

The image field lens, it is arranged between microlens array and the described lens unit, and the light behind the adaptive described decompress(ion) of described image field lens is so that make described output image comprise the image of the described concentrated pictorial element pattern that forms based on reality on described sensitization element.