CN1465240A - Method for scaled breeding cattail mite and application in biological preventing and controlling pest-insect - Google Patents
Method for scaled breeding cattail mite and application in biological preventing and controlling pest-insect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for breeding Pymeotes scolyti on a large scale and its application method for biologically controlling injurious insects. Said invention selects and uses trichogramma pupa, sulphur pupa, cathay poplar cerambycidae larva and Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky) lana as substitute host and adopts the culture dish and dactylethrae to breed Pymeotes scolyti.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the breeding and using of biological natural enemy of insect, be meant method for scaled breeding of a kind of Pu mite (Pymeotes scolyti) and the application in biological control of insect pests especially.
Background technology:
At present, mainly be two kinds of methods for the improvement of the insects that grows of serious harm trees, a kind of is to spray chemical insecticide, the poisoning insect.With the chemical sproof increase of insect, the validity of insecticide sharply descends, and causes insecticidal effect not good.Simultaneously, all insecticides all have toxicity, will inevitably bring pollution to environment.Another kind method is to adopt the method for biological control, by the relation of the mutual restriction between species, utilizes the biological natural enemy of insect to eliminate destructive insects.This method is environmentally safe but also selectivity height not only, and expense is cheap, by the insect pest control method of pay attention to day by day and promotion.Now, main green tree species such as cypress, the willow etc. of Beijing are endured insect infringements such as semanotus bifasciatus, Cathay poplar longicorn to the fullest extent, have had a strong impact on the urban afforestation effect.Therefore the living species that finds effectively and can propagation in scale has become a urgent problem as the natural enemy of insect.At present, have only a few studies and report to point out that the Pu mite is a kind of effective biological natural enemy, has higher value.But all have nothing to do in the bibliographical information of Pu mite propagation in scale and methods for using them in biological control of insect pests both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to solve above-mentioned technical barrier, fill up the research and the blank of application, the method for propagation in scale of a kind of effective biological natural enemy Pu mite and the method for application thereof are provided.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can realize by following technical solution.
Technical scheme of the present invention can be divided into method for scaled breeding and Pu mite application method two parts in biological control of insect pests of Pu mite.
One, the propagation in scale of Pu mite:
1. the preparation of Pu mite kind mite
From the larva of the bidentate stem of occurring in nature long moth-eaten (Sinoxylon anale Lesne), gather the kind mite of the good Pu mite of proterties as propagation in scale.
2. the Pu mite substitutes choosing of host
We select oophagous trichogrammae (Trichogramma confusum vigianni) pupa, Cathay poplar longicorn (Saperda populnea Linnaeus) larva, bloom first (Tenebriomoliter) pupa, semanotus bifasciatus (Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky)) larva host as an alternative.
2.1 choosing of cute conjunctivitis bee pupa
The cute conjunctivitis bee pupa is to utilize tussah (Antheraea pernyi) ovum to breed, and the pupa attitude is the propupa state.It is in 3 ± 1 ℃ the refrigerating chamber that pupa is kept at temperature.
2.2 choosing of Cathay poplar roundheaded borer
At the beginning of 4 months of first arrival in the October in every year 1 year, Cathay poplar, populus simonii, Hebei poplar, aspen, add on poplar, Beijing poplar etc. and to gather the branch that is endangered by the Cathay poplar longicorn, cut open the Cathay poplar roundheaded borer of getting wherein, be placed in the capsule, every box packing 100-150 gram is placed on-preserve under the 5-15 ℃ condition stand-by then.
2.3 choosing of bloom first pupa
2.3.1 the raising of bloom first
Feed (wheat bran+trace element) is placed on (square plate size: 50 centimetres of 80 cm x), insert bloom first larva, regularly add Chinese cabbage and potato block in feed in the square plate.The raising condition is under temperature 20-28 ℃, relative moisture 50-75%, draughty environment.
2.3.2 obtaining of bloom first pupa:
The bloom first that picking has just been pupated.Pupa concentrated be placed on-preserve under the 5-15 ℃ condition stand-by.
2.4 choosing of semanotus bifasciatus larva
The source of semanotus bifasciatus larva can be divided into artificial feeding and gather naturally.
2.4.1 the artificial feeding of semanotus bifasciatus larva
Every year by the end of October to November, gather the semanotus bifasciatus adult and preserve, at the beginning of 2 months of next year, bring into use.The semanotus bifasciatus adult that preserves is transferred on the trap-tree, and according to the juggle number: the ratio of semanotus bifasciatus adult=1: 5-20 discharges.Discharge behind the semanotus bifasciatus adult 25-70 days, cut open with instrument and get the semanotus bifasciatus larva.The semanotus bifasciatus larva is placed in the dactylethrae, and neat the setting piled up in container, is placed on then-preserve under the 5-15 ℃ condition stand-by.
2.4.2 gathering naturally of semanotus bifasciatus larva
At the beginning of 4 months, cut open and get the semanotus bifasciatus larva from cypress (arbor-vitae, juniper) trunk instrument.The semanotus bifasciatus larva is placed in the dactylethrae, and neat the setting piled up in container, is placed on-preserve under the 5-15 ℃ condition stand-by.
3. the Pu mite breeds
3.1 rejuvenation
The Pu mite kind mite that the present invention adopts is from the long moth-eaten larva of the bidentate stem of occurring in nature, for keeping proterties such as the good searching of Pu mite, parasitism, need carry out rejuvenation to it.
Will be by the Pu mite that collects on the long moth-eaten larva of bidentate stem as first generation kind mite, diameter be in 6-20 centimetre the culture dish according to 1: the ratio of 1-3 inserts long moth-eaten larva of bidentate stem and first generation kind mite.It is that 20-32 ℃, relative moisture are that 50-85%, dustless, the draughty environment of cleaning are cultivated down that the culture dish of so preparing is positioned over temperature.Using such method is bred out a large amount of Pu mites and be can be used as second generation kind mite, chooses suitable alternative host then and carries out propagation in scale.
3.2 the indirect cultivation of culture dish dactylethrae
3.2.1 inoculation method
Utilize diameter 6-20 centimetre culture dish, setting up 1-8 specification in the culture dish is 2 * 2 * 0.8 centimetre cultivation platform (available stopper, thicker glass etc.), coats repellant at outer wall, impels the Pu mite movable in culture dish.Put in the culture dish and substitute host's (ratio is referring to table one).To there be the just parasitic good alternative host of the alternative host of the swollen abdomen body of fully-developed Pu mite or Pu mite to transfer on the platform in the culture dish on it.Treat that Pu mite on each alternative host has just begun the stage of fixing, and transfers to dactylethrae (glass, plastics system to alternative host.Specification: long 4-14 centimetre, bore 0.2-2 centimetre) in, put the 1-20 head in each dactylethrae and substitute the host, with clogging the mouth of pipe, regular code is placed in the container, then this container is placed under the ecotopia condition.
3.22. the Temperature and Humidity Control of reproductive process
Utilize the equipment conditions of controling environment such as humidity controller and humidifier, fresh air ventilator, sterilizing machine to be in the reproductive process, temperature is 50-85%, clean dustless, well-ventilated at 20-32 ℃, relative moisture.
Table one, culture dish specification, alternative host's quantity, the swollen abdomen body of Pu mite quantitative relation
| Substitute host's quantity (head) | The swollen abdomen body of Pu mite quantity (eight) | |||||||
| The culture dish diameter (centimetre) | Oophagous trichogrammae | The bloom first | The Cathay poplar longicorn | Semanotus bifasciatus | Oophagous trichogrammae | The bloom first | The Cathay poplar longicorn | Semanotus bifasciatus |
| ??6 | ??2000 | ????20 | ????40 | ??20 | ??250 | ??250 | ???250 | ??250 |
| ??20 | ??20000 | ????200 | ????300 | ??150 | ??1000 | ??1000 | ???1000 | ??1000 |
According to above-mentioned mating system, can breed out Pu mite of new generation after eight days.
3.3. store method
3.3.1. plant the store method of mite
Big and the full swollen abdomen body of fully-developed is preserved as kind of a mite in the selection dactylethrae.Be kept at temperature and be-5-15 ℃, relative moisture is in the refrigerating box of 50-85%.
3.3.2. the store method of commodity mite
The commodity mite that breeds out, the mite attitude of preservation can be two kinds: swollen abdomen body of fully-developed and ripe Pu mite offspring, both preservation conditions are identical.The temperature condition of preserving is-5-15 ℃, and relative moisture is in the refrigerating box of 50-85%.Kind mite of Bao Cuning and commodity mite are positioned over it under room temperature condition and can use before coming into operation at low temperatures.
Two, the application of Pu mite
The Pu mite discharged in the trunk borer low instar larvae stage, can effective parasitic semanotus bifasciatus, trunk borer such as Cathay poplar longicorn.
1. method for releasing: flood/spread unchecked the formula individual plant and hang and discharge
1.1 preventative release:
According to discharging formula: the tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (centimetre) * 2,500/centimetre, the Pu mite discharged.
1.2. controlled release:
According to discharging formula: the tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (centimetre) * 20,000/centimetre, the Pu mite discharged.
1.3. individual plant hanging method
1.3.1. material
1.3.1.1. two-sided installation film.Specification: 0.8 centimetre of (glue face: 0.8 centimetre of 1.5 cm x) of 1.5 cm x.
1.3.1.2. single face is installed film.Specification: 2.5 centimetres of (glue faces: 2.5 centimetres+2.5 * 1.0 centimetres of 3.5 cm x) of 5.0 cm x
1.3.2. hanging method:
1.3.2.1. double coated film suspension method: open barrier paper, film plaster is more smoothly located at tree body base portion, firmly compress; Open the another side barrier paper, dactylethrae firmly is fixed on the film, the dactylethrae mouth of pipe is downward slightly; Pull up tampon, tampon is sticked in tree get final product on the body.
1.3.2.2. single face film suspension method: open barrier paper, wherein one side film plaster firmly compresses on dactylethrae; Open the another side barrier paper, make the dactylethrae mouth of pipe downward slightly, film plaster is more smoothly located at tree body base portion, firmly compress; Pull up tampon then, tampon is sticked in tree get final product on the body.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. filled up technological gap, the present invention is that the Pu mite that can be used for biological control of insect pests of successful first both at home and abroad scale breeds.
2. selectivity is strong, and effect is remarkable, and the Pu mite can effectively colonize in insect larvas such as semanotus bifasciatus, Cathay poplar longicorn, and the larva with insect kills rapidly.
3. fertility is strong, and the quantity of the Pu mite that every alternative host can breed can reach several ten thousand even tens0000.
4. with low cost, no matter be the collection of kind of mite and breed or its application that required expense is all lower.
Embodiment:
Selection is that the pupa attitude is cute conjunctivitis bee pupa host a kind of as an alternative of propupa state.
At the beginning of 4 months of first arrival in the October in every year 1 year, on Cathay poplar or Beijing poplar, gather the branch that is endangered by the Cathay poplar longicorn, cut open the Cathay poplar roundheaded borer of getting wherein, be placed in the capsule, every box packing 100-150 gram, be placed on then preserve under the 3-10 ℃ of condition stand-by.The bloom first that picking has just been pupated.Pupa concentrate be placed on preserve under the 1-10 ℃ of condition stand-by.
Every year by the end of October to November, cut open and get the semanotus bifasciatus adult, bring into use at the beginning of preserving after 3-month 2 months in next year.The semanotus bifasciatus adult that preserves is transferred on the trap-tree, inserted 8-16 semanotus bifasciatus adult according to every juggle, wherein semanotus bifasciatus adult female-male proportion is 1: 0.8-2.Discharge behind the semanotus bifasciatus adult 25-70 days, cut open with instrument and get the semanotus bifasciatus larva.The semanotus bifasciatus larva is placed in the dactylethrae (plastics system, specification: long 4-8 centimetre, bore 1-2 centimetre), piles up in container, be placed on then-preserve under the 5-15 ℃ condition stand-by.
Prepare fresh cut mid-February, cypress trunk (arbor-vitae, juniper) is as trap-tree.The trap-tree two ends are with the mouth of sealing with wax.This trap-tree is placed on leeward area without shade, puts by groined type.At the beginning of 4 months trap-tree transferred under temperature 20-32 ℃, relative moisture 50-85%, draughty environment.When the semanotus bifasciatus larva begins to enter xylem, cut open and get the semanotus bifasciatus larva with instrument.The semanotus bifasciatus larva is placed in the dactylethrae (plastics system, specification: long 4-8 centimetre, bore 1-2 centimetre), and neat the setting piled up in container, perhaps clogs the dactylethrae mouth of pipe with cotton plug, piles up in container then.Be placed under the 3-10 ℃ of condition preserve stand-by.
Will be by the Pu mite that collects on the long moth-eaten larva of bidentate stem as first generation kind mite, be that the ratio according to 1: 3 inserts long moth-eaten larva of bidentate stem and first generation kind mite in 20 centimetres the culture dish at diameter.It is that 22-28 ℃, relative moisture are that 50-75%, dustless, the draughty environment of cleaning are cultivated down that the culture dish of so preparing is positioned over temperature.
Utilize diameter 6-20 centimetre culture dish, setting up 3-5 specification in the culture dish is 2 * 2 * 0.8 centimetre glass cultivation platform, coats Metadelphene as repellant at outer wall.Put into Pu mite and alternative host in the culture dish.The alternative host that the swollen abdomen body of fully-developed Pu mite has been arranged on it is transferred on the platform in the culture dish.Treat that Pu mite on each alternative host has just begun the stage of fixing, alternative host is transferred to plastics system dactylethrae (specification: long 4-8 centimetre, bore 1-2 centimetre) in, put the 5-15 head in each dactylethrae and substitute the host, clog the mouth of pipe with cotton, regular code is placed in the plastic crate, and then this plastic crate being positioned over temperature is under 50-75%, clean dustless, the well-ventilated's environmental condition at 20-32 ℃, relative moisture.
Adopt said method, bred a generation in eight days.The amount of breeding is referring to table two.
Table two, different substitute hosts go out mite quantity
| Host types | Investigation host quantity | Always go out the mite number | Every host goes out the mite number | ||
| The highest | Minimum | On average | |||
| Oophagous trichogrammae | ??563 | ????151033 | ????380 | ????150 | ????268.26 |
| The bloom first | ??45 | ????44726 | ????1080 | ????540 | ????993.9 |
| The Cathay poplar longicorn | ??120 | ????1876884 | ????48604 | ????10224 | ????15640.7 |
| Semanotus bifasciatus | ??200 | ????25802560 | ????182135 | ????78225 | ????129012.8 |
It is 1-15 ℃ that fully-developed kind mite in the dactylethrae and commodity mite are kept at temperature condition, and relative moisture is in the refrigerating box of 50-85%.
Discharge in semanotus bifasciatus/Cathay poplar longicorn ovum hatching Sheng phase.Using specification is that 0.8 centimetre of two-sided installation film of 1.5 cm x or specification are that 2.5 centimetres of single faces of 5.0 cm x are installed film, and film plaster is more smoothly located at tree body base portion, firmly compresses; Dactylethrae firmly is fixed on the film, and the dactylethrae mouth of pipe is downward slightly; Pull up tampon, tampon is sticked in tree get final product on the body.The burst size of Pu mite can be according to following formula, during preventative release for the tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (centimetre) * 2,500/centimetre; During controlled release for the tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (centimetre) * 20,000/centimetre.
At controlled method for releasing, respectively after discharging Pu mite 7 days, 14,21,28, the mean parasitized rate of semanotus bifasciatus larva is respectively: 73.26%, 94.28%, 96.77%, 98.47%.Effectively eliminate insect by release Pu mite and reached the purpose that protects trees.
Claims (8)
1. the method for scaled breeding of Pu mite (Pymeotes scolyti) comprises the steps:
(1) selects oophagous trichogrammae (Trichogramma confusum vigianni) pupa, Cathay poplar longicorn (Saperda populnea Linnaeus) larva, bloom first (Tenebriomoliter) pupa, semanotus bifasciatus (Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky)) larva host as an alternative.
(2) culture dish that scribbles repellant at outer wall is put into the Pu mite kind mite that substitutes host and rejuvenation, with had on it alternative host of the swollen abdomen body of fully-developed Pu mite or Pu mite just the good alternative host of parasitism transfer on the platform in the culture dish.Treat that Pu mite on each alternative host has just begun the stage of fixing, put the 1-20 head in each dactylethrae and substitute the host, clog the mouth of pipe, pile up in container, being placed on temperature and being 20-32 ℃, relative moisture is under 50-85%, clean dustless, the draughty environment, breeds out after eight days time for the Pu mite.
2. the method for scaled breeding of Pu mite according to claim 1, its feature also is: Pu mite kind mite is the Pu mite with original merit of gathering from the larva of bidentate stem long moth-eaten (Sinoxylon anale Lesne).
3. the method for scaled breeding of Pu mite according to claim 1, its feature also is: substitute host's semanotus bifasciatus larva and be gather by occurring in nature or artificial culture.
4. the method for scaled breeding of Pu mite according to claim 1, its feature also is: the cute conjunctivitis bee pupa is to utilize tussah (Antheraea pernyi) ovum to breed, and the pupa attitude is the propupa state.
5. the method for scaled breeding of Pu mite according to claim 1; its feature also is: in culture dish according to 1: the ratio of 1-3 inserts long moth-eaten larva of bidentate stem and first generation kind mite, and being positioned over temperature and being 20-32 ℃, relative moisture is that it carries out rejuvenation to Pu mite kind mite under 50-85%, dustless, the draughty environment of cleaning.
6. the method for scaled breeding of Pu mite according to claim 1, its feature also is: plant mite and commodity mite in temperature for-5-15 ℃, preserve in the refrigerating chamber.
7. the application method of Pu mite in biological control of insect pests is characterized in that: in the insect ovum hatching Sheng phase, the Pu mite that breeds is released in the intensive trees zone of insect to flood/to spread unchecked formula individual plant hang.
8. the application method of Pu mite according to claim 7 in biological control of insect pests, its feature also is: the Pu mite to the preventative release formula of insect for the tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (centimetre) * 2,500/centimetre; Controlled release formula for the tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (centimetre) * 20,000/centimetre.
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