CN1417980A - Intelligent gateway device for vehicle controller LAN - Google Patents
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Abstract
The intelligent gateway device for vehicle controller LAN includes LAN bus interface, Ethernet interface, radio network interface, data back-up module, intelligent microcontroller, bus, other bus interface, vehicle control unit, phonetic and display interface and real-time data analyzing module. The device realizes the conversion between modularized LAN protocol and other network protocols, WWW web page browsing, display, phonetic prompt, etc; has running data analysis, record, control and other vehicular computer functions; and may be used widely in running state monitoring, data record, fault treatment, etc. of vehicle with LAN interface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the automotive automation field.
Technical background
In current medium-to-high grade automobile, all adopted the automobile bus technology.Automobile bus provides the uniform data interchange channel for the electronic equipment of the various complexity of automotive interior, controller, measuring instrument etc.Some automotive experts think that just as introducing integrated circuit in the seventies in 20th century, introducing microprocessor the eighties, the introducing of data bus technology also will be a milestone of automotive electronic technology development over nearly 10 years.
Since the nineties in 20th century, the number of components by electronic control unit (ECU) commander on the automobile gets more and more, for example electric oil injector, anti-lock brake system, air bag device, automatically controlled door and window device, Active suspension or the like.The extensive use on automobile along with integrated circuit and single-chip microcomputer, the ECU quantity on the car are also more and more.Therefore, the notion of a kind of new notion---the CAN of controller local area network on the car (Controller Area Network) has also just been arisen at the historic moment.CAN is to be to solve a kind of data communication protocol that the exchanges data between the ECU is developed in the Hyundai Motor by German BOSCH company the earliest, and according to the ISO related standards, the topological structure of CAN is a bus type, therefore is also referred to as the CAN bus.
The data volume of each frame all is no more than 8 bytes in the CAN agreement, realizes the high real-time of data in the mode of lacking the frame pilosity; The error correcting capability of CAN bus is very strong, thereby improves the accuracy of data; The speed of CAN bus can reach 1M bit/s simultaneously, is a real express network, the CAN bus is applied in to use in the automobile have many good qualities:
1. replaced lead expensive in the vehicle body with twisted-pair cable cheaply, and reduced significantly and used line quantity;
2. have definite response time and high reliability, and suitable application such as brake gear and the air bag that real-time is had relatively high expectations;
3.CAN chip can high temperature resistance and strong noise, and has lower price.
In the design of Modern Car, CAN has become the device that must adopt.Automobiles such as benz, BMW, masses, Volvo, Reynolds have all adopted the means of CAN as the controller networking.It is reported that first CAN network system hybrid power car of China succeeds in assembling in company of Cherry, and carried out preliminary trial run.On Shanghai Volkswagen's Passat and POLO automobile, also begin to have introduced the CAN bussing technique.But generally speaking, the automobile bus technology still is in test and starting stage in China, and the automobile of the overwhelming majority does not also adopt the design of automobile bus, thereby is badly in need of the blank that a collection of innovation project that has independent intellectual property right is filled up this respect.Outmoded technical method is the needs of incompatibility automobile industry development.
For example, the nucleus equipment of well-known automobile is an engine, the operational factor of engine, and for example engine speed, engine oil pressure, coolant temperature or the like are to be closely related with car steering.The method for designing of orthodox car instrument is: by being placed on the inner transducer of automobile component (as engine), convert mechanical signal to the signal of telecommunication, as voltage, electric current, pulse signal, through D/A conversion or counter etc., convert the electrical signal to visual signal-arm and be presented on the analog meter dial plate again.Along with the development of automobile bus technology, many imported engines no longer directly outwards provide sensor signal, and use the CAN bus communication interface instead.Owing to lack relevant test and maintenance of equipment; in case engine breaks down, our maintenance personal holes on engine, directly puts transducer into engine interior and detects; complex operation, equipment complexity, and be unfavorable for protecting the overall structure of engine.
And for example, though existing part automobile instrument has used the communication mode of bus, but its bus is a special designs, because hardware standard disunity, communication protocol is incompatible, for first company auto-producing instrument can not be used on the automobile of company B fully, more impossiblely in having the car of new model system of CAN interface, to use, versatility is poor.
For another example, the maintenance of driver's unreasonable operation or the operation that violates the traffic regulations and automobile, the safety of driving have close related, also lack at present a kind of information such as gear and the speed of a motor vehicle, engine revolution are combined and write down and form the mechanism of electronic report, and these will help the maintenance and the safe driving of automobile.For example in manual automobile, driver's gear shift is carried out according to experience, and generation should add top grade and not add high-grade situation easily, and promptly low grade is run at high speed, and both has been unfavorable for reducing oil consumption, causes the component wear of automobile again easily.If can realize the fluid drive prompting, help then guaranteeing that vehicle remains on economic speed per hour and travels.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of automobile controller local area network (LAN) (CAN) intelligent gateway device 10, comprise CAN bus interface 1, Ethernet interface 2, radio network interface 3, data backup module 4, the intelligent bus 5 of microcontroller, other bus interface 6, automobile control unit 7, voice and display interface 8, real time data analysis module 9, as shown in Figure 1; This device has been realized the conversion of modular CAN agreement to Ethernet protocol, wireless network protocol and other dedicated bus agreement by the intelligent bus structures of microcontroller; Realize man-machine interfaces such as WWW web page browsing, demonstration and voice suggestion by the scheduling of embedded real-time multi-task operating system dynamic task, possessed the function of vehicle body computers such as running data analysis, record, control; Can be widely used in the fields such as running state monitoring, log and breakdown maintenance of onboard systems such as CAN interface engine, electric oil injector, anti-lock brake system, automatically controlled door and window device, Active suspension device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the connection layout of controller local area network intelligent gateway device and each onboard system.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of controller local area network intelligent gateway device.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, on the one hand, intelligent gateway 10 is connected onboard systems such as engine, gearbox by CAN bus interface 1 with CAN bus 11, the manufacturer of these automobile core systems is adopting the CAN bussing technique more and more, so the interface of a compatible CAN bus standard is absolutely necessary.On the other hand, intelligent gateway 10 connects various tradition such as automobile instrument and device by other bus 12, and these buses are used original private communication protocol, so just can effectively protect existing equipment, the cost that reduces design and make.In addition, intelligent gateway 10 also possesses Ethernet interface 2 and radio network interface 3, can be connected to Local Area Network or wide area network (WAN) 13 easily, with swap datas such as vehicle-mounted PC, breakdown maintenance computer system, vehicle annual test computer systems.Interface circuit and communication protocol that above-mentioned these communication interfaces are used all are diverse, and intelligent gateway 10 plays the key effect of the interconnected and communication Protocol Conversion of heterogeneous system.
Intelligent gateway is by CAN bus interface, collection vehicle service data from onboard systems such as engine, gearbox, brake; The data of gathering are carried out statistics and analysis to be handled; Part data convert the CAN communication protocol data to dedicated bus data such as RS422 or RS485 by format conversion, send orthodox car instrument and device to; Part data are sent display screen and voice suggestion, for driver's reference, intelligent prompts such as the prompting of for example basic vehicle such as the speed of a motor vehicle, gear operation information, and gear shift, overspeed warning; Part data send the data backup module to file, record driving situation, and for example engine operating state data etc. play the effect of " black box "; Part data are sent Ethernet and radio network interface, are convenient to and other computer system swap data.
As Fig. 2, intelligent gateway inside includes the CAN subsystem of being made up of CAN controller 14 and CAN processor 15, the Ethernet subsystem of forming by ethernet controller 16 and ethernet processor 17, the wireless network subsystem of forming by wireless network module 18 and wireless network processor 19, other bus processing subsystem of forming by other bus processor 20 and other bus control unit 21, the data analytics subsystem of forming by real time data analysis processor 22 and data backup module 4, and by auxiliary processor 23 and display module interface 25, voice module interface 24, the miscellaneous function subsystem that automobile control unit 7 constitutes.Connect by the intelligent bus 5 of microcontroller between these subsystems.Owing to adopted modular design, these subsystems can increase or reduce as required easily.
The intelligent bus of microcontroller
The intelligent bus of microcontroller is the core of whole intelligent gateway, and it is connecting each subsystem, realizes physical layer transmission with the RS485 standard among the present invention.In the present invention promptly, when A subsystem and B subsystem communication, both sides incite somebody to action separately communication protocol and are packaged into again and are adapted at the packet that the RS485 bus is uploaded book, transmit on the intelligent bus of microcontroller.Can discern mutually between each subsystem, thereby can realize modularization and configurable characteristic.The advantage of RS485 standard is that antijamming capability is stronger, and protocol overhead is little, thereby the real data throughput is higher.Connected mode between each subsystem processor can adopt enhancement mode UART interface to realize, the distance between subsystem module also can directly connect, and need not carry out the RS485 level conversion during less than 30CM.Use RS485 only to be preferred embodiment among the present invention, be used for explanation, the same effect of using other bus mode to implement to obtain does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
The CAN bus interface
Electromagnetic interference in the car, the physical connection of CAN bus need use Shielded Twisted Pair.For the interface circuit part, at first need the physical layer interface chip of a CAN bus, for example PCA82C250 of Philips company etc.Realize then supporting the link layer protocol of CAN2.0B that dual mode can be arranged: a kind of is to utilize the external CAN controller of CPU, 82527 controllers of the SJA1000 of Philips company and Intel Company etc. for example, another kind of mode is the CAN controller that directly utilizes some CPU built-in, for example the XC161 of Infineon company, XC164 series CPU, the 80C592 series CPU of Philips company, 68376 series of motorola inc and MPC555 series CPU etc.
Electronic control unit (ECU) is the communications interface unit of CAN network node.The parameter of the onboard systems such as engine that the intelligent gateway device obtains from the ECU unit is reliably, accurately, the method that has replaced additional sensor has been removed a large amount of wirings from, has reduced cost, having improved reliability and stability, is the trend of new automobile design.According to the osi model of International Standards Organization definition, the CAN protocol definition be physical layer and data link layer standard, this application layer protocol that meets self needs for different automobile vendors formulates provides great convenience.Set up perfect system more if desired, also need on the basis of CAN, select the suitable applications layer protocol.In the application layer protocol based on the CAN agreement, J1939 and CANopen are exactly several application application layer protocols more widely.
The J1939 agreement is a most widely used application layer protocol in full-sized car at present, but is subjected to the influence of development of early time treatment device and bussing technique developing history, can only reach the communication speed of 250Kbit/s.The J1939 agreement is by U.S. SAE (Society of Automotive Engineer) organizational protection and popularization.J1939 agreement characteristics:
1. based on the CAN2.0B agreement, the compatible also employing of physical layer standard and ISO11898 standard meets the CAN controller and the transceiver of this standard.Communication speed can reach 250Kbit/s.
2. adopt PDU (Protocol Data Unit protocol Data Unit) transmission information, each PDU is equivalent to the frame in the CAN agreement.Because each CAN frame can transmit 8 byte datas at most, so the transmission of PDU has very high real-time.
3. utilize the 29 bit flags symbol of CAN2.0B Extended Superframe Format to define the implication of each PDU and the priority of this PDU.
4. the J1939 agreement is all stipulated all kinds of parameters that are applied in the automobile mainly as the communications protocol of using in the automobile.The regulation of parameter meets the ISO11992 standard.
The CANopen agreement that nineteen ninety-five is proposed by German Bosch company has not been subjected to the restriction of microprocessor, and undoubtedly, in being currently applied to the types of applications layer protocol of automobile, CANopen is the most perfect and the most potential a kind of.CANopen agreement characteristics:
1. the CANopen agreement is the CAN application layer protocol of standard, and physical layer and data link layer are followed the CAN2.0B standard fully.Can reach the communication speed of 1Mbit/s.
2. CANopen is based on the network system of CAN universal serial bus, is that development is come out from the control system of design vehicle industry the earliest, such as the operational processes system.CANopen also can be applied to other field, such as the public transportation system, Medical Devices are in sea-freight electronic equipment and the BAS.
3. the CANopen protocol suite has illustrated the communication mechanism of standard and the functional characteristic of equipment.This protocol suite is set up by CAN-in-Automation (CiA) tissue and is safeguarded.
4. CANopen has presented the application layer and the communication description of a standard, and selectable programmable device framework has then been specified additional communication function characteristic.
Intelligent gateway has the bus control unit with CAN in design, have in the middle of the CAN bus automobile applicable to any, possesses reusability, simultaneously except receiving, send the CAN packet, realize that also bus error detects, data overload, functions such as node administration, and can support the application layer protocol analyzing and processing of CAN bus.
Other bus interface
Intelligent gateway also has other bus processing subsystem except having the CAN subsystem, can connect various other dedicated buss.Intelligent gateway is resolved J1939 agreement and CANopen agreement, and is packaged into the data format of dedicated bus such as RS485 again, is sent to dedicated bus.The RS485 bus interface need use the interface circuit chips such as MAX1487 of Maxim company on the hardware.By such conversion, can guarantee that original automobile instrument etc. can normally use in up-to-date automotive system, and save wire harness quantity in a large number, improved reliability and accuracy, especially for top grade digital automobile instrument attractive in appearance.
Other bus interface also comprises USB (USB) interface, adopts the USB-ON-THE-GO technology, can be connected with the USB device that is widely used, and promotes the ratio of performance to price of this system, and makes it more flexible.For example, portable USB storage device, MP3 equipment, USB imageing sensor etc.
Other bus interface can also be second CAN interface (CAN2), i.e. low speed CAN.Low speed CAN can be applied in the vehicle body systems such as automatically controlled door and window, car light, room light, instrument.Relative, the CAN bus 11 of above-mentioned dynamical systems such as connection engine can be described as high-speed CAN, has realized the isolation tandem of high low speed CAN network by intelligent gateway.
Ethernet interface and radio network interface
Ethernet interface is set in gateway can be connected with all kinds of computer systems easily, makes various messaging devices constitute complete automobile-used information processing system with the vehicle body computer.
The Ethernet subsystem that constitutes by ethernet processor and ethernet controller, its core is based on embedded Internet technology, can support such as TCP, UDP, IPv4 or the like multiple standards procotol, and the IPv6 agreement, can be so that each automobile has independent IP address.The isolated node that the Ethernet subsystem can be used as Internet or Intranet inserts, and can directly communicate by letter with PC, server or other network node on the network by network, realizes the conversion of CAN to the Ethernet data bag, without any need for drive software.Among the present invention, the Ethernet subsystem is also supported HTTP and File Transfer Protocol, can be used as WEB server and ftp server and uses, and is referred to as the embedded type automobile server.These embedded servers can viewed device etc. the standard network application access.So-called FTP service promptly provides by network and uploads service with file in download.
Similar with the Ethernet subsystem, by the wireless network subsystem that wireless network processor and wireless network module constitute, also network enabled inserts, and realizes the conversion of CAN data to wireless network.Select different wireless network modules, wireless network can be various ways such as bluetooth, GPRS or CDMA.
For the carrier that has many automobiles, can realize dispatching management, remote monitoring to automobile by wireless network.Behind automobile starting, can send automobile starting, move, stop and current health information by each network, the monitor staff just can monitor automobile in real time from far-end, finds accident potential ahead of time, reminds the driver, and prevents that automobile is stolen.
In the breakdown maintenance process, the fault of utilizing the computer system audit vehicle is the means of using always.The job information that just can obtain automobile bus by network is undoubtedly very easily, and this has removed the trouble of using sensor special and connector from.By the JAVA technology, intelligent gateway can provide the services such as accident analysis under the WWW browsing mode, and promptly each automobile can have the homepage of oneself.In the homepage of automobile, have the configuration of dispatching from the factory such as design specification, resemblance, engine mumber of whole automobile, these configurations can not arbitrarily be changed, so deposit these information in webpage, improve so greatly the automobile detection efficiency, as long as with the automobile access network, just can read the configuration information of whole automobile from the PC terminal by intelligent gateway.
Except can when detecting automobile, using, store the historical record of automobile use in the webpage simultaneously, comprise the record of various operational factors, so just can be according to the parameter analysis of a period of time, for Motor Maintenance, maintenance provide important information.The information of maintenance, maintenance can also be deposited in the webpage simultaneously.Present automobile detects, and the driver must have necessary certificate.When maintenance, maintenance, driver and repair technician are less in linking up, make troubles for the searching problem, and the time that has increased maintenance increases.Automobile webpage function has been arranged, realized human-computer dialogue, reduced all too many levels of various automobile services.
By the HTTP mode, PC can download the automobile webpage in the mode of WWW web page browsing at any time automatically, and needn't pre-install any environmental monitoring software.Realized the installation of zero-configuration client software, any PC on the network can become maintenance PC.Because the cross-platform characteristic of JAVA APPLET, the operating system that the computer system that links to each other with automobile is used is also unrestricted, under the operating system environments such as Windows and Linux, can normally move, and program interface is consistent.Because JAVA APPLET is at the PC local runtime, it is the client programming, so can make full use of the PC resource, means performance car data with multimedization such as figure, sound, man-machine interface is good, the modification of program simultaneously is also simple, and we are referred to as " embedded type automobile server " function.
Real time data analysis module and data backup module
The real time data analysis module of intelligent gateway adopts embedded real-time multi-task operating system (RTOS) and embedded software middleware, under different time and operating state, implement task scheduling, dynamic priority scheduling mechanism, thus give full play to the disposal ability of system hardware.
Carry out flow chart of data processing according to setting in advance and just can realize data analysis function, carry out in real time.The gear that starts of for example setting certain truck is a second gear, and the starting-up action that is higher or lower than this gear all will be warned and record.
Intelligent gateway provides local data backup, failure logging and operational factor writing function.This part is the embedded system with certain storage capacity.Memory is the non-volatile semiconductor storage medium of power down, as FLASHROM, and EEPROM, NVRAM etc.Data in the memory can be passed through network, read and write easily with the FTP mode, do not need drive software.Data in the memory are the form existence by file; That is to say that embedded holder possesses the ability of file management, can support file foundation, operation such as delete, read, write.Traffic accident is taking place, and in automobile annual test or the auto repair process, the data backup module can play the effect of " black box ".Can adopt the mode of double copies further to guarantee the safety of data when being necessary.
Voice suggestion
On hardware, can solidify and customize various language or dialect storehouse with chipspeech, be connected with intelligent gateway by the RS485 interface, the recording device of also available support MP3 technology is connected with intelligent gateway by the microcontroller intelligent bus, and described recording device possesses the Internet download function.
Driver and automobile are linked up and mainly are to use hand, pin, eyes.The driver must obtain the operation conditions of automobile by eyes, because the driver is also noted that the car external environment simultaneously, will cause driver's energy to disperse.A lot of according to statistics traffic accident causations all is a driver tired driving, and the observation ability for automobile and road conditions when the driver is in fatigue state begins to descend, and can not in time react for accident, finally causes traffic accident.In order to strengthen the acquisition capability of driver to information, the multifunctional analysis instrument can send condition of the vehicle to driver by voice in time, and the driver need not extremely stare at panel board more like this, has alleviated the burden of driving.Intelligent gateway also can be analyzed operational factor, sends warning message.For example, automobile has exceeded safe driving speed, will the voice warning driver reduce the speed of a motor vehicle.
For example, automobile for manual gear, the driver must be by rule of thumb, and the travel speed of automobile is controlled gear, because the difference of vehicle performance, and the height difference of driver's driving technology, not gear shift in time when this gear shift just occurring, running car causes the increase of automobile fuel consumption at a high speed in low grade.Intelligent gateway is exported to the driver by the voice module interface, and the driver can change gear according to corresponding prompting like this.For another example, winter, driving needed warm-up the engine, and intelligent gateway also can play suggesting effect.
The display module interface
The display module interface is intelligentized multi-functional instrument surface and interface.
Display module comprises two class driving interface, and a class is a serial line interface, UART interface for example, and two-way two-wire serial bus I2C interface, this class display terminal inside has CPU.Transfer of data is that the miscellaneous function processor is communicated by letter with the CPU of liquid-crystal controller, needs extra communication protocol, but reduces the workload of single CPU.Another kind of is parallel interface, and transfer of data is a miscellaneous function processor direct control liquid-crystal controller.In the parallel interface mode, the connected mode of liquid-crystal controller and miscellaneous function processor is divided into two kinds again, and a kind of is direct mode, and another kind is an indirect mode.Direct mode be with liquid-crystal controller as the CPU external RAM, CPU writes data by the address, this mode simplicity of design, stability is strong.Indirect mode is to use the read-write sequence of the I/O simulation RAM of CPU, this mode software design complexity, poor stability.What the display terminal among the present invention used is the direct connected mode of parallel interface, and the liquid-crystal controller chip is the T6963C of Toshiba, has character generator CGROM on the sheet, has 128 characters.Can manage 64K display buffer and character generator CGRAM.And allow CPU to visit the display buffer at any time.
The display module interface can connect graphical LCD, by storing the character library of multi-language character necessity, the running state parameter of available multi-language character display automobile, for example automobile driving speed, engine speed, water temperature etc. are also carried out gear shift prompting, water temperature warning etc. with irregular simultaneously.Display terminal has the multilevel menu function, and the driver can obtain other relevant information by operation, for example current time, historical Backup Data.To the configuration of Presentation Function,, can on webpage, finish by the embedded type automobile server capability as selecting category of language.Digitlization will bring long service life for automobile instrument, contain much information, and antijamming capability is strong, pointing accuracy height, advantage such as volume is little, and is low in energy consumption.
Automobile control unit
Automobile control unit is actually a plurality of two-way I/O mouth through photoelectricity is isolated and relay is isolated.Many automotive control systems can be by I/O mouth control, the switch detector of alarm for example, electric door lock system, emergency alarm switching value input and output control etc.For example, can realize " starting anti-the abduction " function, promptly after automobile is trespassed, whenever travel several kilometers and irregularly require fingerprint recognition in conjunction with Fingerprint Lock System.When the speed of a motor vehicle was lower than some calibration values, intelligent gateway can send control signal to the automobile electromagnetic retarder by automobile control unit for another example, strengthened the control to automobile.
Claims (10)
1. automobile controller local area network (LAN) intelligent gateway device, be called for short the CAN gateway apparatus, comprise CAN bus interface, Ethernet interface, radio network interface, data backup module, the intelligent bus of microcontroller, other bus interface, automobile control unit, voice and display interface, real time data analysis module; It is characterized in that: realized of the conversion of CAN agreement to Ethernet protocol, wireless network protocol and other dedicated bus agreement by the intelligent bus structures of microcontroller.
2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the intelligent bus of described microcontroller is modular and configurable.
3. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described CAN bus interface is in the compatible CAN2.0B agreement of link layer, in agreements such as application layer compatible J1939, CANopen.
4. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described radio network interface comprises network interfaces such as bluetooth, GPRS, CDMA, supports TCP, IPv4, IPv6 agreement.
5. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described other dedicated bus interface comprises enhancement mode UART, RS485, USB, second CAN bus interface etc.
6. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also possess man-machine interfaces such as WWW web page browsing, demonstration and voice suggestion, possess the functional character of embedded vehicle body computers such as running car data analysis, record, control.
7. according to claim 1 and 6 described devices, it is characterized in that: preserve automobile homepage and service data file in the data backup module, the available browser visit also can be visited by Internet.
8. according to claim 1 and 6 described devices, it is characterized in that: described data backup module adopts power down non-volatile semiconductor storage medium memory data.
9. according to claim 1 and 6 described devices, it is characterized in that: described display interface is patterned, supports multi-language character to show.
10. according to claim 1 and 6 described devices, it is characterized in that: described speech interface, the pronounciation processing chip of available customization realize that also available MP3 encoding and decoding technique is realized, downloads by Internet and realizes supporting multi-lingual or dialect.
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2002
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