CN1396518A - Quantum random number generator and its standard base for uniformly alternative transformation - Google Patents
Quantum random number generator and its standard base for uniformly alternative transformation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1396518A CN1396518A CN 02133614 CN02133614A CN1396518A CN 1396518 A CN1396518 A CN 1396518A CN 02133614 CN02133614 CN 02133614 CN 02133614 A CN02133614 A CN 02133614A CN 1396518 A CN1396518 A CN 1396518A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- random number
- number generator
- quantum random
- quantum
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
- G06F7/588—Random number generators, i.e. based on natural stochastic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
Abstract
A quantum random number generator is composed of photon source made of diode laser, attenuator set behind diode laser, combined Fresnel prism as splitter set behind attenuator, single photon detector made of two avalanche diodes, and peripherl circuits. The method for uniformly and alternatively changing the standard base features that if it is defined for the first measurement that the signals detected by detectors A and B are respectively "1" and "0", for the second measurement the signals are respectively "0" and "1".
Description
1, technical field
The invention belongs to safety information product: Secure Application and middleware product.
2. background technology
The present invention is derived from the quantum cryptography communication that causes world's broad research upsurge at present.Why say so, mainly be two aspects: one, quantum cryptography communication needs real random number, and this point is most important.If random number sequence is broken, the quantum cryptography communication is very easily broken through.Therefore, several in the world groups of holding quantum cryptography communication field the ears of an ox or cow have all developed the quantum random number generator system of oneself separately.Two, the technology that adopts of the present invention almost is derived from the quantum communications technology, for example the utilization of single photon detection, photon state etc.In addition, we also are the intention that inspires in the BB84 of quantum communications scheme to the standard base for uniformly alternative transformation processing of raw data.
Random number is used widely in fields such as cryptology, numerical evaluation, game, electronic games, yet the generation of real random number but is not easy.As sighing with deep feeling that American National aviation and two senior computer elite S.K.Park of space travel office and K.W.Miller send: " RANDOMNUMBER GENERATORS:GOOD ONES ARE HARD TO FIND " (randomizer: the good difficulty of good product is asked).Computing machine is to have complete deterministic machine always, so performance is unsatisfactory aspect behavior randomness especially.So when the programmer needed the real random number of or a group, they must generate random number approx by variety of way.Randomizer roughly can be divided into following a few class according to its principle of work:
Based on the randomizer of software, be to generate random number according to certain algorithm, have repeatability, correlativitys etc. are easy to be cracked, and often are called pseudorandom number generator.Though the technology that pseudo random number produces makes pseudo random number more and more approach true random number, enough good in numerical evaluation, general electronic game, using in game, cryptology but has the danger that is cracked.The quality of the random number that produces based on the randomizer of software and hardware combination is decided by the algorithm that software adopts and the principle of work of hardware, has part correlation equally and part is repeatable.Hardware based randomizer is that the parameter that some spontaneous phenomenons measure is generated random number (or being the seed of pseudorandom number generator at least), the assurance higher than full software solution generally can be provided, but hardware based solution is always unfeasible, promptly be not to guarantee to produce true random number, we recognize that really this point is very important.Unless based on the chance phenomenon of quantum, the danger that the random number sequence that the determinacy of a generator system still might cause producing is broken.Hardware based randomizer generally can be divided into classical and quantum.Commonly used a kind of of classical hardware random number generator is exactly the noise randomizer, and the breadboard senior signal Processing expert Don Morgan of Ultra Stereo writes articles and points out, even noise also be regular can be target-seeking.Therefore, the random number sequence that the noise randomizer produces is determined by a classical system, and is subjected to all multifactor impacts of environment, the also very difficult control of its homogeneity.Though crack very difficultly, the potential danger that is broken still arranged for the noise expert.
Real randomizer is non-definite.That expression as the onlooker, should can't be guessed the output of equipment with any consistance, forever even you know the principle of equipment and the algorithm of use.For example, if exporting a series of 0 and 1,0 and 1 chance that occurs in any specific output, equipment should equate.Even grasped the A to Z of of device interior work, any possibility of guessing right also has only about 50%.Quantum-mechanical quantum state superposition principle is told us, and quantized system can be in the stack attitude of the eigenstate of a corresponding mechanical quantity, will make system collapse to attitude that certain is determined to the measurement of stack attitude, and the result of measurement is a completely random.This uncertainty is a kind of quantum effect fully, there is no classical corresponding.
Based on principle of quantum mechanics, people have developed multiple quantum random number generator.Wherein a kind of method commonly used is exactly to utilize the randomness of the decay example of radioactive material.Use electronics Geiger counter in this generator, when it detected radioactivity decay, it will generate a pulse at every turn.The time interval between the decay is full, a pure random partial.Especially, less than the time since decay last time, that has just produced random information greater than still the time that nobody can predict next time decay.Yet, the degree of accuracy of the timer that we are used always limited and also be not absolute stable.The Air Force Research Laboratory Principal Investigator G.McGraw has just pointed out this quantum random number generator because the nonrandomness that this factor causes with its co-worker in the article of their relevant software security.In addition, preserving radioactive material also is a burden.In addition, also have the photon off time of the resonance fluorescence radiation that utilizes the single ion generation that is held in captivity, the space distribution of laser speckle pattern to wait the report of developing quantum random number generator, but this quasi-instrument system complex, involve great expense, use extremely inconvenient.
Along with the development of single-photon detecting survey technology, existing in recent years much based on the experiment of the true random source of light quantum and theoretical work publication on world first-class academic journals.Slightly do introduction for our just nearest several typical schemes of this class achievement at this.
(1) according to Inst. of Physics, CAS's experiment achievement of calendar year 2001, their scheme adopt the He-Ne laser instrument as photon source, the beam split of 50: 50 beam splitters (BS), photomultiplier as single-photon detector.For mathematics manipulation has been adopted in the equilibrium that improves sequence 0,1.Design associated driver circuitry, worked out relevant driver and data processor.They can reach the report that 200kbit/s. does not have commercialization and other application by the random series acquisition rate of scheme in theory.
(2) according to the quantum information group of Austrian Wein university of gazing at throughout the world 2000, their scheme employing semiconductor light-emitting-diode (LED) as photon source (red visible light), 50: 50 beam splitters (BS) or 45 ° of polarization beam splitters (PBS) beam split, photomultiplier as single-photon detector.Design associated driver circuitry and computer interface circuit, worked out relevant driver.The random series acquisition rate of their scheme can reach that 1Mbit/s. does not have commercialization but the experiments such as quantum cryptography communication that have been used for them.
(3) according to the optical communication laboratory of Switzerland Geneva university report in 2000, their scheme adopts semiconductor light-emitting-diode (LED) to do delay etc. as photon source (near infrared light), 50: 50 beam splitters (BS), avalanche diode as single-photon detector, single-mode fiber modeling, the multimode optical fiber that reaches tens meters.Design associated driver circuitry and computer interface circuit, worked out relevant driver.The random series acquisition rate of their scheme can reach experiment such as the quantum cryptography communication that 50kbit/s. has been used for them and with scheme commercialization (every price 5000 dollars).
(4) according to Britain national defence research department report in 1994, they just propose a simple theoretical scheme.With 50: 50 beam splitters (BS) or 45 ° of polarization beam splitters (PBS) beam split.Because the confidentiality of their research, the later stage is not seen play-by-play.But according to document, they are in one of current leading several top groups at the technology of quantum communications.
Above-mentioned four schemes are handled the inhomogeneous employing mathematical method of random series, unavoidably can cause mutual part correlation, have reduced the quality of random number.They have adopted a kind of in following two kinds of light-splitting methods.These two kinds have following shortcoming:
A) 50: 50 beam splitters (BS): adopt this method will make the probability on both sides definitely equate on technology, can not accomplish.Beam splitter generally adopts the thickness of plated film to decide reflection and transmissivity, really accomplishes to be impossible on the just right technology of thickness definitely evenly.But, reflection is relevant with the angle of incident light and beam splitter with transmissivity, adopts the stronger light beam of incident when generally debugging, and measures with highly sensitive laser powermeter, regulates incident angle the both sides reading is equated.Debugging is not very consuming timely said like this, and light path is in full accord when being difficult to guarantee actual light path with debugging.
B) 45 ° of polarization beam splitters (PBS): adopting this method that the probability on both sides is definitely equated on technology also is impossible accomplish.Because this requires the angular separation that shakes thoroughly of Wollaston prism (or birefringece crystal) of shake the thoroughly direction and the beam split of polaroid is proper 45 °, can not accomplish absolute accurate 45 ° on the technology, but debug accurately easier relatively than a last method.
In addition, these schemes also have following shortcoming:
The shortcoming of the maximum of the first string is to adopt gas laser and photomultiplier.They need high-voltage power supply, and itself be the vacuum tube device: volume is big, and is frangible.Their experimental result also display effect is not so good, and the sequence of collection also needs complex mathematical to handle.System is huge, cost is high again, uses inconvenience, and this scheme does not possess practicality in other words.
Second scheme adopted photomultiplier equally.If commercialization is will cost very high, small product size is big.Its market can be not very good.
The 3rd scheme is best in these several schemes, but shortcoming is also arranged.At first, they adopt multimode optical fiber to do delay and make the very difficult equilibrium that guarantees random series of two parts light path asymmetrical design, the also very difficult miniaturization of so long optical fiber.In addition, they adopt the signal that postpones the method district bifurcation light path meet, and this is the raising of limited samples speed, because if the too high meeting of frequency cause before and after signal correction.
The 4th scheme is the simple concept design.
3, summary of the invention
The quantum that our company develops is a kind of relative merits that take into full account domestic and international similar scheme with count generator, and the newest research results that has made full use of quantum information research aspect designs.Propose to adopt the beam split of Fresnel composite prism in our scheme in the world first, the homogeneity of our beam split scheme can all be set up the random polarization direction from strict proof on the mathematics.Make simple in structurely, be convenient to integratedly, especially need not debug angle on the technology and be easy to realize the homogeneity of subsiding at random.Inconsistent for two quantum efficiencies of detector own, we adopt the method for standard base for uniformly alternative transformation to guarantee.Even the assailant knows the principle of our instrument and pseudo random number algorithm and also can not predict random number sequence, because the randomness of the final output sequence that he obtains guarantees by quantum mechanics, the random number sequence of the absolute equilibrium that homogeneity can be produced by instrument self guarantees.The avalanche silicon diode that adopts is made single-photon detector, have volume little, need not high pressure, non-friable, advantage such as can work under the room temperature, its driving circuit adopts homemade general-purpose device, circuit is designed voluntarily by us.Its cost is significantly less than external like product.Owing to must not consider the problem in the transmission attenuation of optical fiber kind, what we adopted is the most responsive section optical wavelength (650nm) of avalanche silicon diode, and this wavelength light is easy to shielding, and its light emitting diode is also very cheap.The error that the secret mark number that adopts coincidence method to overcome detector brings.In fact the secret mark number is that avalanche diode itself is intrinsic, also is at random.Result's influence to us also needs define in the research in the future.We can reach 100Mbit/s by the random series acquisition rate of scheme in theory, and this mainly is subjected to restrictions such as the detection efficiency of detector and dead time.Our sample can reach the acquisition rate of 0.5Mbit/s at present.But, this is enough for the application program of great majority emphasis security.Even the data that generator produces are not enough the time, the data of generator can be stored in advance, perhaps can use a plurality of generators.All our technology of employing all are the mature technologies of present ordinary optical technology and quantum optics technology, and our innovation is the ingenious of scheme.
The present invention specifically is achieved in that
A kind of quantum random number generator, comprise the photon source that diode laser DL constitutes, place the attenuator Θ of diode laser DL back, place the light-dividing device of attenuator Θ back and place the single-photon detector and the peripheral circuit that constitute by avalanche diode D1, D2 of light-dividing device back, it is characterized in that described light-dividing device is Fresnel combined prism Φ.
In the present invention, scheme is preferably: diode laser DL is about 650nm for producing centre wavelength, and pulsed frequency is the diode laser DL of the red pulse low light level of 10MHZ.
In the present invention, scheme is preferably: described attenuator Θ is made up of two polarizers.
In the present invention, scheme is preferably: described avalanche diode is an avalanche silicon diode.A kind of method of quantum random number generator standard base for uniformly alternative transformation is: if the signal that preceding one-shot measurement agreement A detector measures is 1, the signal that the B detector measures is 0; The signal that one-shot measurement agreement A detector measures so is 0, and the signal that the B detector measures is 1.
Based on this, before each use quantum random number generator, promptly under the situation that quantum random number generator does not arrange to change, produce a sufficiently long random series S1, produce a same long sequence S2 with S1 as control signal again, generate same long sequence S3 with S2 control, reciprocal according to this, until Sn, just allow Sn at that time control output sequence after the generator energized.
The technology that the present invention adopts all is present mature technology, and one of our innovative point has been to use the beam split of Fresnel combined prism.The Fresnel combined prism is general Experiments of Optics devices commonly used, it by several left-handed and right handed quartz form.Quartzy compare with other optical crystals, have stable performance, can not deliquescence, be convenient to make and preserve.Avalanche diode is worked under active inhibition Geiger pattern.Particularly our quantum efficiency of the avalanche silicon diode that uses is 90% (about wavelength 650nm), adopt semiconductor refrigerating, the detector supply voltage is 5 ± 0.25V, whole detector operating temperature range is 5 ℃-40 ℃, the secret mark number is less than 200counts/s (each pulse error rate therefore can be lower than 1/10000000th), and detection efficiency can reach 70%.The current sample random series acquisition rate of our scheme can reach 0.5Mbit/s.Two of innovative point is to adopt standard base for uniformly alternative transformation to gathering 0,1 random series, overcome the random irregularity that the asymmetry of light path, detector is brought.This can be easy to realize by software or DLC (digital logic circuit).
The quantum random number generator of our design is to use as the accessory of computing machine combination, but present device has oneself independently power-supply system.We adopt the USB mouth to link to each other with computing machine.Driven for emitting lights diode pulse signal outputs to quantum random number generator by the computer drives software control from the USB mouth.The original series of quantum random number generator output is also gathered by the USB mouth.Therefore the sequence acquisition rate is limited by the USB port transmission rate at present, our sample frequency 10MHz.The processing of original series is finished by software, for the user, uses quantum random number generator just as convenient the use pseudorandom number generator, only need only call a special function, for the time being our called after QRNG ().Our product comprise a drive software and one external the source generator box arranged.
High speed development along with infotech and network technology, brought the revolution of propagating and linking up, increasing people wishes to link up and exchange with the external world with information by the Network Transmission lot of data with enterprise, because network has changed the notion in time and space, the whole world has been connected in together, move towards network and just mean and moved towards the world, can search out more, better business opportunity.But along with the general use network of people, its opening, characteristics international and freedom also make network and information security become the social problems that people show great attention to equally, especially the rise of ecommerce and virtual private network, make that the security of information seems very important in the network transmission process, it is directly connected to national security and daily life.And that the danger of Network Transmission is the defective of the communications protocol of network own is intrinsic, and intercepting message is easy to do so want by network is stolen the hacker of data or professional person on the net for those.Particularly along with the appearance of quantum calculation technology, security system based on existing encryption technology will not work, because the lifting of the computing power that quantum calculation brings will make the lightening calculation task of finishing high-leveled and difficult mathematical problem of its energy, and these difficult problems exactly are exactly the basis of existing encryption technology.
According to " telecommunication on Sun. ", in March, 2000, two youth of 18 years old swarm into nine e-commerce websites in the whole world and have stolen more than 2.6 ten thousand credit card information, the personal credit card data that comprises Bill Gates are sent a cum rights of NBC News Worldwide Inc.In fact, the stolen incident of enciphered message is all taking place every day in the whole world.The generation random number technology of using in encryption technology may be considered to not crucial easily technology, the report that causes divulging a secret but random series the is cracked end that appears in the newspapers repeatly.For example, Ian Goldberg and DavidWagner are since the research in January, 1996, demonstrated the importance of random number for cryptosecurity, this part exposition that they find out has shown that one of SSL realization that Netscape is early stage exists serious defective, and this makes might separate the communication data of code.In addition, also there is report to start with and crack online online game recreation and cause betting office to sustain a great loss from cracking random number sequence, if especially those business web sites that information encryption is had relatively high expectations and the information of military's communication equal altitudes secret are decrypted, the loss that causes will be beyond measure.So the social effect that the security of raising enciphered message brings is self-evident.
At all times, secret communication and steal, decode the information no less important.Cryptography is as the science of a strictness, and a branch from develop into mathematics the beginning of this century has also promoted the development of computing machine.The develop rapidly of computing machine makes the means of decoding more and more brilliant, method of encrypting is required just more and more higher.Although method of encrypting is varied, software cryptography, hardware encipher or the like are arranged, the purpose of secret communication all is not allow the illegal third party steal or destroy the content of information in order to allow the mutual exchange of information of communication two party.Information encryption is carried out data conversion G to the information plaintext M exactly
k, obtaining ciphertext C, ciphertext is issued legal recipient, is decrypted by inverse transformation, recovers plaintext M.Cryptographic algorithm between plaintext and the ciphertext is finished under the parameter K effect, and such parameter can be described as key.The key of secret communication just is to generate key, coding rule and key and transmits.Along with the development of cryptography mathematical theory, the password that becomes increasingly complex has appearred.But, along with the ability of computing machine strengthens day by day, even very complex password also constantly is decrypted.Except not reusable random number code book (being called vernam or disposable scratch-pad code book) from mathematics be proved to be to decode, other classical password can not be decoded also in theory and be proved.In military affairs, diplomacy, be extensive use of vernam code book, for example Moscow-Washington hot line at present.As seen random number is how important for the security of classical cryptographic communication.Though the vernam code book is the same long with plaintext, and requires communication two party often to generate, transmit---very inconvenient, still be usually used in network now and transmit password, confirm identity etc.Even its code book of vernam cryptology also might be intercepted and captured, be duplicated.
Quanta cryptology technique is a brand-new technology, and biggest advantage is its absolute level security, has certain market in the cryptographic technique field, and the transmission of for example some military affairs, politics, important commercial information needs being perfectly safe of information.The size in the market of quantum cryptography communication depends on the realization of quantum computer.The birth of quantum computer will wipe out existing widely used public key architecture such as RSA, elliptic curve system etc.Quanta cryptology technique and Related product thereof will all may be used in field such as fields such as bank, the network business that some security requirements are very not high.Up to the present, have only quanta cryptology technique to be perfectly safe, the appearance of quantum computer can not destroy the confidentiality of quanta cryptology technique.Yet, all to use random number in numerous quantum cryptography allocative decisions, if random number sequence cracked, even quantum cryptography also may be broken.Therefore, a real randomizer is all to be vital in present classical confidential information technology or the following quantum information technology.
At present, the military of developed countries such as the U.S., Britain, Japan has dropped into substantial contribution in the research and development of quantum information and correlation technique, and for example, U.S.'s First-class University 40% has newly been set up quantum information research group at present, and this ratio is also increasing.The similar products of reporting on the document that we obtain nearly all are to derive from these seminar.In addition, true random number is widely used in a lot of fields, and volume is little, the market of the quantum random number generator of low price, dependable performance is huge, also is great to the meaning of our national security aspect.Our quantum random number generator solution has just satisfied these needs, its research and development success, not only the information transmission for some high confidentialities provides reliable safety assurance, also, people's logarithm provide the ratio of performance to price more excellent encipherment scheme for it is believed that the encryption requirements of breath, make people can use the commercial value of network to come to be enterprise more relievedly, for oneself seeks more business opportunity, realize the practicability of ecommerce and enabling of virtual private network, for moving towards internationalization, enterprise created better condition, save more expense, improved very big economic and social benefits.
4, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
5, implementation
The principle of our solution produces the red pulse low light level (wavelength is about 650nm) by diode laser (DL) as shown in Figure 1, and pulsed frequency is 10MHz.Because average is 0.1 Poisson photon number distribute be the desirable δ of single photon distribute fine approximate, so we decay to about 0.1 photon of each pulse (photon of per in other words 10 pulses) with an attenuator (Θ) with the pulsed light of light emitting diode emission.Attenuator (Θ) is made up of two polarizers, regulates attenuation rate (if angle is 90 degree, not having photon to see through so) by adjusting their shake thoroughly angles of direction.Photon from the attenuator outgoing is a linearly polarized like this, is without loss of generality, and we suppose that the angle of polarised direction and horizontal direction is θ, and then the attitude of photon can be expressed as:
|Ψ>＝cosθ|H>+sinθ|V>，
Wherein | H〉and | V〉represent level and vertical direction linear polarization attitude respectively.When such photon by Fresnel combined prism (Φ) when measuring, it will collapse to the eigenstate of photon at random: the dextrorotation attitude | R or left-handed attitude | L 〉.
Wherein,
From following formula we as can be seen, collapse to the dextrorotation attitude | R or left-handed attitude | L〉probability be respectively:
This is strict 50%, and irrelevant with polarizing angle θ, that is to say the photon of incident, and no matter how many polarizing angles be, collapses to the dextrorotation attitude at random | R or left-handed attitude | L〉probability strict equal, all be 50%.
The Fresnel combined prism is made by several left-handed and right handed quartzs.The speed that left-handed rotation is propagated in levorotatory crystal is faster than right-handed rotation velocity of propagation, and situation is just in time opposite in right-handed crystal.Through refraction several times, left-handed photon and dextrorotation photon will be separated like this.Dotted line is represented the optical axis direction of crystal among the figure.
Ideally, the signal of record detector D1 and D2 just can obtain 0,1 sequence at random, yet actual conditions are not so simple.
At first, avalanche diode unavoidably has the secret mark number, though present technology can be with the secret mark numerical control built in very low.So-called secret mark number is exactly snowslide spontaneous when not having signal.We adopt detector D1, D2 output and the pulse Pulse that drives diode laser DL to meet (﹠amp; ), if the avalanche signal when not driving will can be at A, B holds output.The error that the secret mark number can be caused reduces by several magnitudes like this.
The second, generally speaking, a driving pulse makes a photon by attenuator (Θ) at most, but having two or more photons under few situation passes through, and two avalanche diodes at this moment may occur and trigger simultaneously.This can not eliminate this phenomenon by technological improvement owing to the decision of the photon number regularity of distribution.The error that we produce for the situation that overcomes this only a few has the situation of output signal to do to give up processing to A, B simultaneously.
The 3rd, no matter how advanced technology is, two detectors all can not be identical, and in order to overcome the inhomogeneous of the inconsistent and random series that causes of two quantum efficiencies of detector own and light path coupling, we adopt the method for standard base for uniformly alternative transformation to guarantee.Simple saying is exactly, and is 1 if the A of measurement agreement for the first time detector measures signal, and it is 0 that the B detector measures signal; It is 0 that the A of measurement agreement so for the second time detector measures signal, and it is 1 that the B detector measures signal.Even two detective quantum efficiencies are variant, we still can guarantee the homogeneity of the random series that obtains.We represent to arrange the signal of conversion and control with C.
The Boolean calculation formula of having considered the output sequence that obtains behind the above-mentioned factor is:
CA B+ C AB＝1→1
C AB+ CA B＝1→0
Its truth table is
| ????A | ????1 | ????0 | ????1 | ????0 | ????1 | ????0 | ????1 | ????0 |
| ????B | ????1 | ????1 | ????0 | ????0 | ????1 | ????1 | ????0 | ????0 |
| ????C | ????1 | ????1 | ????1 | ????1 | ????0 | ????0 | ????0 | ????0 |
| ????1 | ????× | ????× | ????√ | ????× | ????× | ????√ | ????× | ????× |
| ????0 | ????× | ????√ | ????× | ????× | ????× | ????× | ????√ | ????× |
The those of ordinary skill of above-mentioned processing same domain is easy to design corresponding driving software and realizes, perhaps realizes with DLC (digital logic circuit).Therefore, the result's of output homogeneity can not be subjected to discrepant influence of quantum efficiency of two detectors.But a shortcoming is so also arranged, and promptly just in time 0,1 deviation with even bit is opposite for 0,1 deviation on the odd bits.The assailant is easy to utilize this deviation.We are controlled above-mentioned agreement conversion and control in order to overcome this point by a uniform random number of ideal.To this, we produce a sufficiently long random series S with our generator (C ≡ 1) under the situation of not agreement conversion at every turn before use
1, we make control signal (C=S with this sequence again
1) produce a same long sequence S
2, use sequence S
2Control generates same long sequence S
3, or the like.Just allow it upgrade sequence S so circularly after the generator energized always
iBe without loss of generality, we establish from the ratio of the useful signal of A end output and B end and are (1+ ε): 1, and ε is a small parameter here.So, in preface
Row S
1In 1,0 ratio be ξ
1=(1+ ε): 1; And at sequence S
2In 1,0 ratio be ξ
2=[(1+ ε)
2+ 1]: [(1+ ε)+(1+ ε)]; , at sequence S
nIn 1,0 ratio be:
From following formula we as can be seen, as long as n is enough big, ξ
nTended to soon 1: 1.Here we can do a simple estimation, if our control sequence is a myriabit, and the generation rate of generator is about 0.5Mbit/s, and so only a need n in one second just can reach 50.ε=0.5 if (in fact not having so big deviation between A, the B), we obtain ξ
n≌ (1.0+10
-20): 1, the visible height of its inhomogeneity precision.When the needs random number, we are just with generator sequence S at that time
nProduce the output random series as control sequence.The final output sequence that obtains like this is similar with quantum communications BB84 scheme, but sequence is not passed to the two.The security of this control sequence is by AT﹠amp; The colleague J.Preskill of the breadboard famous mathematician W .P.Shor of T and it in the BB84 scheme strict proof (W.P.Shor because of the big number of his invention decompose quantum algorithm-the Shor algorithm is well-known, this algorithm will make quantum computer serious threat public key encryption system up till now, cause the upsurge of global research quantum computer).Even the method that the assailant knows the principle of our instrument and overcomes deviation also can not predict the random number sequence of output, because the randomness of the final output sequence that he obtains is guaranteed that by quantum mechanics homogeneity can be guaranteed by the homogeneity of the sequence (C) of controlling random number.The precision that we have obtained after 0, the 1 desirable random series more as required changes into random number between 0-1 for use by software with binary sequence.
Claims (6)
1. quantum random number generator, comprise the photon source that diode laser DL constitutes, place the attenuator Θ of diode laser DL back, place the light-dividing device of attenuator Θ back and place two single-photon detectors of A, B and the peripheral circuit that constitute by avalanche diode D1, D2 of light-dividing device back, it is characterized in that described light-dividing device is Fresnel combined prism Φ.
2. quantum random number generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that described diode laser DL is about 650nm for producing centre wavelength, and pulsation rate is the diode laser DL of the red pulse low light level of 10MHZ.
3. quantum random number generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that described attenuator Θ is made up of two polarizers.
4. quantum random number generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that described avalanche diode is an avalanche silicon diode.
5. the method for a quantum random number generator standard base for uniformly alternative transformation is characterized in that: if the signal that preceding one-shot measurement agreement A detector measures is 1, the signal that B detection device measures is 0; The signal that one-shot measurement agreement A detector measures so is 0, and the signal that the B detector measures is 1.
6. the method for quantum random number generator standard base for uniformly alternative transformation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: before each use quantum random number generator, promptly under the situation that quantum random number generator does not arrange to change, produce a sufficiently long random series S1, produce a same long sequence S2 with S1 as control signal again, generate same long sequence S3 with S2 control, reciprocal according to this, until Sn, just allow Sn at that time control output sequence after the generator energized.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133614 CN1232905C (en) | 2002-08-15 | 2002-08-15 | Quantum random number generator and its standard base for uniformly alternative transformation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133614 CN1232905C (en) | 2002-08-15 | 2002-08-15 | Quantum random number generator and its standard base for uniformly alternative transformation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1396518A true CN1396518A (en) | 2003-02-12 |
| CN1232905C CN1232905C (en) | 2005-12-21 |
Family
ID=4747299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133614 Expired - Fee Related CN1232905C (en) | 2002-08-15 | 2002-08-15 | Quantum random number generator and its standard base for uniformly alternative transformation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1232905C (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006133650A1 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-21 | The Chinese University Of Hong Kong | Quantum random number generators |
| CN100505540C (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2009-06-24 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Method and device for producing true random numbers |
| CN101980146A (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-02-23 | 华东师范大学 | Photon-number distinguishable detection-based true random number generator |
| CN103840937A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-06-04 | 许丰 | Virtual quantum encryption system |
| CN106708470A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-24 | 清华大学 | Quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation method |
| CN108604425A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-09-28 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | Random number sequence generating means, quantum cryptography transmitter and quantum cipher communication system |
| CN110108677A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-09 | 新绎健康科技有限公司 | Biological delayed luminescence detection system |
| CN113791755A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-14 | 中国航天科工集团第二研究院 | Quantum random number sequence generation method, system and device |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104238996B (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2017-08-11 | 清华大学 | The production method and device of the unrelated quantum random number in source |
| KR20200082469A (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Random number generator |
-
2002
- 2002-08-15 CN CN 02133614 patent/CN1232905C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100505540C (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2009-06-24 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Method and device for producing true random numbers |
| WO2006133650A1 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-21 | The Chinese University Of Hong Kong | Quantum random number generators |
| CN101980146A (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-02-23 | 华东师范大学 | Photon-number distinguishable detection-based true random number generator |
| CN101980146B (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2012-10-24 | 华东师范大学 | Photon-number distinguishable detection-based true random number generator |
| CN103840937A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-06-04 | 许丰 | Virtual quantum encryption system |
| CN108604425A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-09-28 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | Random number sequence generating means, quantum cryptography transmitter and quantum cipher communication system |
| CN108604425B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | Random number sequence generation device, quantum cipher transmitter, and quantum cipher communication system |
| US11057201B2 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2021-07-06 | National University Corporation Hokkaido University | Random number sequence generation apparatus, quantum encryption transmitter, and quantum encryption communication system |
| CN106708470A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-24 | 清华大学 | Quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation method |
| CN110108677A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-09 | 新绎健康科技有限公司 | Biological delayed luminescence detection system |
| CN113791755A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-14 | 中国航天科工集团第二研究院 | Quantum random number sequence generation method, system and device |
| CN113791755B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-10-20 | 中国航天科工集团第二研究院 | Quantum random number sequence generation method, system and device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1232905C (en) | 2005-12-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11444769B2 (en) | Systems, devices, and methods for signal localization and verification of sensor data | |
| Ekert et al. | Practical quantum cryptography based on two-photon interferometry | |
| Poppe et al. | Practical quantum key distribution with polarization entangled photons | |
| Aspect | Closing the door on Einstein and Bohr’s quantum debate | |
| Kwiat et al. | High-efficiency single-photon detectors | |
| Hughes et al. | Quantum cryptography over underground optical fibers | |
| Hughes et al. | Quantum cryptography | |
| Scarani et al. | The security of practical quantum key distribution | |
| Erven et al. | Entangled quantum key distribution over two free-space optical links | |
| Rarity et al. | Secure key exchange over 1.9 km free-space range using quantum cryptography | |
| CN1232905C (en) | Quantum random number generator and its standard base for uniformly alternative transformation | |
| Pljonkin et al. | The review of the commercial quantum key distribution system | |
| Gupta et al. | Lightweight cryptography: an IoT perspective | |
| Fan et al. | Two-party quantum private comparison based on eight-qubit entangled state | |
| Rogers | Broadband quantum cryptography | |
| Liu et al. | EncSIM: An encrypted similarity search service for distributed high-dimensional datasets | |
| Liu et al. | Secure key distribution based on hybrid chaos synchronization between semiconductor lasers subject to dual injections | |
| CN108650268A (en) | It is a kind of realize multistage access can search for encryption method and system | |
| Wang et al. | Quantum cryptography and simulation: Tools and techniques | |
| Simon et al. | Quantum key distribution with Fibonacci orbital angular momentum states | |
| Lakshmi et al. | Quantum Cryptography: In Security Aspects | |
| Nonaka et al. | Testing randomness of series generated in an optical Bell’s experiment | |
| Owens et al. | Entangled quantum-key-distribution randomness | |
| Kara | Secure Management of Autonomous Cloud Entities in Distributed Systems | |
| Tian et al. | A Privacy Preserving Hybrid Range Search Scheme over Encrypted Electronic Medical Data in IoT Systems |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |