CN1379558A - Base station equipment with adaptive array and its transmitting and receiving method - Google Patents
Base station equipment with adaptive array and its transmitting and receiving method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention puts forward a base station equipment and its method of receiving and emitting desired signals with adaptive array antenna, and they include an array antenna, at least one channel unit with an up-going wave beam excipient device, a deamplifier, a space-apert-merge device, a detector, a down-going wave beam excipient device, a frequency-spread device, a coding device and a wave-beam excipient weighted control device. The adaptive array antenna is used to receive desired signal. Linear conversion is adopted for the up-going link weighted value vector received to obtain the down-going link emitted weighted value vector. In the down-going link direction, the weighted desired signal with down-going link emitted weight value vector directionally sends the desired signals.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of in the wireless communication system that adopts the FDD duplex mode, adopt the method and the base station equipment of adaptive array antenna reception and transmission desired user signal, aforementioned signal to be received can be along some different paths, arrive this equipment with some different delay, or signal to be sent is along some different paths, arrive travelling carriage with some different delay, aforementioned base station equipment comprises one or more array antennas of being made up of some elements, at least one Channel Elements, this Channel Elements comprises the weighted vector of adaptive control by the signal of array antenna received and transmission, make array antenna form time dependent reception and send wave beam, and make the summit of wave beam point to the device of the direction that desired signal arrives all the time.
The present invention is applicable to the wireless communication system of any multi-access mode that adopts the FDD duplex mode, but is particularly useful for adopting FDD duplex mode code division multiple access (CDMA) radio honeycomb communication system of adaptive array antenna.
In personal wireless communications system, a center base station will be communicated by letter with many remote teminals.Realize that conventional method that a plurality of terminals insert simultaneously is to adopt frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA), its basic conception is that resource is divided into a plurality of frequencies or time slot, uses respectively and can the phase mutual interference for a plurality of terminals.Code division multiple access (CDMA) is the another kind of cut-in method except that frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA), and it allows the same frequency of a plurality of users and uses pulse-code modulation to realize multiple access simultaneously.Compare with time division multiple access (TDMA) cut-in method with frequency division multiple access (FDMA), CDMA has lot of advantages, and is simple etc. as the planning of availability of frequency spectrum height, frequency spectrum.
In cdma system, a plurality of users share same frequency band and communicate, and at transmitting terminal, user's narrowband data signal is multiplied by a spreading code that its frequency bandwidth is more much bigger than the frequency bandwidth of this data-signal, realizes the spread spectrum of signal.Be connected in each of base station and travelling carriage and use a spreading code, different spreading codes is used in different connections.At receiving terminal, receiver is discerned these signals with spreading code, matched filter in receiver is by synchronous with desired signal, data-signal is multiplied by same spreading code used when sending once more, it is reverted to original frequency band, the signal that is multiplied by other spreading codes is uncorrelated in the ideal case, can't return to the arrowband.Therefore, they occur with form of noise desired signal.
In general wireless mobile communications environment, the signal between base station and the travelling carriage is along the some propagated between transmission and the receiver.This multipath transmisstion mainly because signal object surfaces reflection and diffraction cause around.Because its path difference of walking, propagation delay time is also inequality, therefore arrives receiver constantly in difference along the signal of different propagated.In cdma system, the general receiver that uses is a kind of multiple-branching construction receiver, and wherein each branch is with synchronous along the component of a certain independent propagated.It is a receiver element independently that per minute props up, and its function is to receive and received signal component of demodulation, and receiver merges each receiver element demodulated received signal component, improves the signal to noise ratio of desired signal.
As everyone knows, one given, when the fixed frequency position communicates with a definite speed, the limit of the number of channel that can realize communication is always arranged, thereby above-mentioned technology only can bring up to capacity of communication system and performance to a certain degree, surpass this limit must increase other resources.Space diversity is the latest development direction that increases power system capacity and performance, and adaptive array antenna is exactly the most effectual way of implementation space diversity.
Adaptive array antenna is the aerial array that a kind ofly uses in wireless system, is made up of several fixed antenna elements, it is regulated by self adaptation and makes up the weighted amplitude of each array element signals and phase place forms a direction and shape is time dependent, point to the beam modes of desired orientation, so that follow the trail of the motion of travelling carriage, alleviate the influence of noise, interference and other reduction signal quality factors.
Adaptive array antenna device has advantages such as the coverage of extension, dead zone-eliminating, better building penetration power.If the base station has identical transmitted power with subscriber unit, adaptive array antenna device can increase coverage by the gain that improves antenna for base station.It can make mobile subscriber and base station communicate in the scope that legacy system covers with lower power.In cdma system, adaptive array antenna device allows each connection of user to adopt lower transmitted power, so just can reduce multiple access and disturb, and increases the number of users that each sub-district is inserted simultaneously.
Adaptive array antenna device can improve quality of connection by the multipath management.The multi-path problem of wireless channel can cause decline and time delay expansion.Adaptive array antenna device helps to reduce multi-path influence even utilizes rake.
Adaptive array antenna device has good robustness to system disturbance.Cdma system need utilize power to control to guarantee all signals that arrive the base station that about equally power is all arranged.Adaptive array antenna device helps to separate the upward signal of different user, reduces power control requirement, and alleviates the negative effect that the control of imperfection power brings.The cdma wireless system is responsive especially to user's location distribution.Adaptive array antenna device can be regulated antenna pattern at any time and handle the zone that temporarily has high user density.
Recently the public begins to worry the health problem of electromagnetic radiation initiation, and this will force government and standardization body to adopt the lower cell phone radiation standard of radiation.In this case, can utilize the base station array gain to reduce the transmitting power of cell phone.The minimizing of power also helps reducing the requirement to battery performance, thereby has increased the air time or reduce the volume of mobile phone and alleviate the weight of mobile phone.
The network planning now also rests in theory, just can only verify by limited test in case set up.The key element that planning process is ignored be the designer fail really to understand wireless device where and when, which specific honeycomb handling doubt calling.Utilize user's stationkeeping ability of adaptive array antenna, above these problems can be resolved.Moreover, utilize adaptive array antenna, make intelligent network become possibility.The intellectuality that this intelligent network provides by antenna for base station can alleviate burden, the raising network efficiency of the network planning effectively.
When up (oppositely) link is the bottleneck of power system capacity raising, adopt adaptive array antenna can improve the performance of whole system at the base station side receiving unit.Up (oppositely) link signal than the weak a lot of uneven wireless system of descending (forward direction) link signal in, base station side receive to adopt adaptive array antenna can greatly improve the performance of up (oppositely) link.But less than the asymmetric system of downlink transmission rate (in the reality most belong to this situation), the improvement of base station capacity and coverage also depends on the improvement of down-link performance concerning balance sysmte or uplink data transmission rate.And the effect that will give full play to adaptive array antenna should consider to make the improving of performance balance of uplink and downlink link, just, also adopts adaptive array antenna to carry out downlink wave beam when down link sends and is shaped.The target that downlink wave beam is shaped is to utilize array antenna to form one providing under the prerequisite of high-quality signal on the desired user direction, the transmission signal is disturbed other users drop to minimum beam modes.
The simplest downlink beamforming method is to be received from the employed beam modes of adaptation array antenna with up link to carry out the transmission of down link signal.But to adopting the wireless communication system of FDD duplex mode, because the carrier wave of different frequency is adopted in up reception and descending transmission, carry out the weighting of signal if down link sends with the identical weighted vector of up link reception employing, will cause the difference of uplink and downlink link beam modes.This mainly is because the channel at uplink and downlink link carrier frequency place is different.Depend on channel characteristics, the gain ρ of the uplink and downlink link signal of propagating along each paths
iWith angle of arrival φ
iMay be similar or different.If the multipath component derives from mirror reflection, along the gain ρ between the uplink and downlink signal of each paths propagation
iWith angle of arrival φ
iDifference very little, but the phase place of the uplink and downlink carrier signal of propagating along each paths this means that directly the array antenna weighted vector of up link formation being used for the descending transmission signal of weighting may not be a desirable method because frequency is different differs greatly.If the difference of the time delay of two multipath component arrival up link receiver sides is very little, disturb and situation that noise is all very weak under, receiving array forms one and can catch the energy of two multipaths and they are carried out the weighted vector of homophase correlation combiner, if directly being used to down link, the weighted vector of up link sends, because it is last, the different carrier frequency of descending employing makes the path of two multipath components that variation take place, this may make from the signal in two paths when arriving user side because homophase and cancelling out each other at mobile station side not causes the decline at mobile station side.
Chinese patent 96194112 (1998.6, base station equipment, and a kind of method of control antenna beam) has proposed to estimate by scanning the arrival direction and the time delay of upward signal, then the method that the direction of estimating and time delay are used for descending transmission.Because the precise search direction of arrival of signal has certain difficulty, thereby it is also not really accurate based on the precision of the direction of the descending transmission of this Search Results, secondly the method for this patent proposition also wants the travelling carriage feedback to receive the quality situation of downstream signal, this not only will lose a part of up channel capacity, but also will revise existing wireless access standard.
An object of the present invention is, propose a kind ofly in the wireless communication system that adopts the FDD duplex mode, adopt adaptive array antenna to receive and send the base station equipment of desired signal.
Another object of the present invention is, propose a kind of new in the wireless communication system that adopts the FDD duplex mode, adopt the method for adaptive array antenna reception and transmission desired signal, described method forms descending transmission weights vector by up reception weighted vector is carried out linear transformation, and carries out the directive sending of downstream signal with the descending desired signal of descending transmission weights vector weighting.
Employing adaptive array antenna of the present invention receives and sends the base station equipment of desired signal, comprises array antenna, control and interface unit, between array antenna and control and interface unit and N the Channel Elements arranged side by side that links to each other with both respectively, described Channel Elements comprises uplink beam figuration device, despreader, diversity combiner, detector, deinterleaver, decoder, down beam shaping device, pulse shaper, frequency multiplier, interleaver, rate matchers, encoder; It is characterized in that: also comprise a beam shape-endowing weight value controller, described beam shape-endowing weight value controller links to each other with array antenna, uplink beam figuration device, down beam shaping device, and is connected respectively to the output reception detector of detector and diversity combiner and the output signal of diversity combiner feedback;
Described uplink beam figuration device, its input is connected to the output of array antenna, and its output is connected to the input of despreader;
Described despreader, its input is connected with the output of uplink beam figuration device, and its output is connected to the input of diversity combiner;
Described diversity combiner, its input is connected to the output of despreader, and output is connected with the input of detector;
Described detector, its input is connected to the output of diversity combiner, and output is connected with deinterleaver;
Described deinterleaver, its input is connected to the output of detector, and output is connected with decoder;
Described decoder, its input is connected to the deinterleaver output, and output is connected with control unit with interface;
Described encoder, its input is connected with control unit with interface, and output is connected with the input of rate-matched.
Described rate matchers, its input is connected with the output of encoder, and output links to each other with the input of interleaver;
Described interleaver, its input is connected with the output of rate matchers, and output links to each other with the input of frequency multiplier;
Described frequency multiplier, its input is connected with the output of interleaver, and output links to each other with the pulse shaper input;
Described pulse shaper, its input is connected with the frequency multiplier output, and output links to each other with the input of down beam shaping device;
Described down beam shaping device, its input links to each other with the output of pulse shaper, and its output is connected with array antenna, arrives the multiple I of numeral of down beam shaping device, the Q sample is divided into M the multiple I of numeral, and the Q sample flows to the input of M array element of array antenna.
The beam shape-endowing weight value controller comprises described in the base station equipment of the present invention as mentioned above:
A uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller, a descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller, and a transformation matrix memory;
An input of described uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller links to each other with the output of uplink beam figuration device, an input is connected to the output of detector, an input links to each other with the output of diversity combiner, an output is connected to an input of descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller, and an output is connected to the input of uplink beam figuration device;
Described descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller, an input links to each other with the output of uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller, an output links to each other with the transformation matrix memory input, an input links to each other with transformation matrix memory output, and an input is connected to the down beam shaping device;
Described transformation matrix memory, an one output links to each other with an input of descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller, and output of an input and descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller links to each other.
The method of employing adaptive array antenna reception of the present invention and transmission desired user signal comprises the following steps:
(1) base station equipment produces the up reception weighted vector of array antenna;
(2) base station equipment is carried out the linear transformation product to the up reception weighted vector of array antenna
Give birth to the descending transmission weights vector of array antenna;
(3) the base station equipment descending transmission weights vector weighting expectation to be sent of array antenna
Signal;
(4) base station equipment weighting after desired signal send through array antenna.
Compare with the adaptive array antenna device that existing employing DOA (arrival direction) estimates, the method according to this invention not only provides the availability of frequency spectrum preferably, and do not need the arrival direction of estimated signal, reduced the implementation complexity of system, thereby reduced the cost of system, the signal quality situation that does not more need the travelling carriage feedback to receive, thereby be applicable to existing wireless access standard.This is based on the following fact: because in radio honeycomb communication system, a traditional channel (frequency, time) number of users is a lot of in, add and have the multipath transmisstion phenomenon, and existing Wave arrival direction estimating method all requires the element number of array of array antenna to reach (DOA) direction number much larger than ripple, thereby in the radio honeycomb communication system that adopts the FDD duplex mode, directional reception and the transmission of adopting the DOA estimation approach to carry out signal are unpractical, and because most DOA method of estimation algorithm complexity, promptly allowing to carry out DOA estimates, the required equipment of implementation algorithm is also very complicated, and cost is very high.On the other hand, owing to adopt the base station equipment of the inventive method to send signal in direction from travelling carriage received signal component, and the power ratio that does not send on other direction or send is lower, then the interference to other users will reduce significantly on the downlink transmission direction, thereby can increase substantially the capacity of down link.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, can be in the enterprising line number word of base band signal processing, thereby can directly antenna beam be adjusted to desired orientation by the weighted array received signal.
Below in conjunction with example with reference to the accompanying drawings apparatus and method of the present invention are described in more detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the multipath transmisstion situation between explanation travelling carriage and base station;
Fig. 2 is the possible structured flowchart of adaptive array antenna;
Fig. 3 is that explanation control antenna wave beam makes it the schematic diagram towards travelling carriage;
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of base station equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of Channel Elements in the base station equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structured flowchart of uplink and downlink beamformer;
Fig. 7 is the structured flowchart of the beam shape-endowing weight value controller in the Channel Elements;
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of reception of the present invention and launching technique.
Be row with the cdma wireless cellular communication system below, describe method of the present invention and base station equipment in detail, because method of the present invention can be applied to other access modes, to those skilled in the art's this point is conspicuous, so description of the invention is not limited to the cdma wireless cellular communication system.
Fig. 1 is the typical multipath transmisstion schematic diagram of explanation radio honeycomb communication system.The figure shows the multipath transmisstion situation when communicating by letter between base station equipment 100 and the travelling carriage 102.Generally, the travelling carriage present position of radio honeycomb communication system is not very high, often is among the encirclement that can reflect with the various tall and big objects of scattering radio wave, and these objects comprise high-lager building, mountain range etc.General travelling carriage sends and receives with omnidirectional antenna.This figure show that travelling carriage 102 sends along the path 110,112,114 radio waves of propagating are respectively by the reflector 104 around it, 108,106 reflections, arrive the antenna of base station equipment 100 then with different delay and arrival direction (DOA) along different paths, the barrier 116 that exists on the ground has stopped the direct path of travelling carriage 102 and base station equipment 100.More than described the multipath transmisstion situation on the uplink direction,, on down direction, also similar phenomena can take place according to reciprocal theorem.Can think that also the multipath route is symmetrical substantially on both direction.Because reflection and scattering are little to the dependence of frequency.Therefore, if the radio wave that base station equipment receives all is to arrive through reflection, refraction or direct path, base station equipment 100 usefulness are carried out descending transmission with the wave beam that up received beam has identical sensing and shape so, and then the downstream signal that is sent will arrive travelling carriage 102 along the path identical with path that upward signal is walked.The symmetry of this uplink and downlink link is we extract descending transmission information by uplink signal basis.
By above description, can think that cellular radio Communication system exists multipath transmisstion, the signal that this multipath transmisstion receives the base station has multi-dimensional nature, multipath arrives reception antenna with different directions on the one hand, multipath has spatial distribution characteristic, multipath signal arrives reception antenna with different delay again on the other hand, and multipath has the time distribution characteristics again.Owing to exist multipath transmisstion to make radio wave different with phase place, thereby cause mutual reinforcement or counteracting between multipath signal along the time delay that different multipaths arrive base station equipment.This is the main cause that causes frequency selective fading.The multipath of different propagation rings is also different in the regularity of distribution of time-domain and spatial domain.In general, for macrocell, because antenna for base station is than higher, the likelihood ratio of being blocked by object between base station and the travelling carriage is less, generally have line of sight to exist, the angle spread of multipath is little, mainly concentrates on a near angular interval of line of sight arrival direction; To Microcell and picocell, because antenna for base station is lower, often blocked between base station and the travelling carriage by object, generally there is not line of sight, the angle spread of multipath is also bigger.Under the situation of travelling carriage rapid movement,, make the arrival direction of multipath and time delay change fast because the environment around the travelling carriage changes fast.Can not change along with the change of multipath arrival direction and time delay if receive and send the wave beam of desired signal, will cause the decline of link-quality, reduce communication quality.On the other hand, owing to exist multipath transmisstion, if the beam shape of uplink and downlink link is different with sensing, the multipath of strengthening mutually in up link may be cancelled out each other in down link, causes the decline of link-quality even communication can't be carried out.
Adopt adaptive array antenna according to base station equipment of the present invention.Fig. 2 has illustrated that a kind of of adaptive array antenna may realize that it can be applied to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.Array antenna comprises M bay 200,202,204.Each bay is connected respectively to radio-frequency unit 206 to 210, and the latter to intermediate frequency and carry out required filtering, becomes digital signal with analog signal conversion with conversion of signals then.Generally in this device, signal is sampled into I, Q component again.The duplicate sample that obtains is originally subsequently at multiplier 212,214, and be multiplied by corresponding power in 216 and plant Wm, m=1 wherein,---, M.The digital signal of handling through multiplying each other 228,230,232 is connected to adder 218 additions summation and finishes digital beam forming.Signal 228 through wave beam forming is transferred to device 222, relatively ask between the two error with reference signal 234 here, and be transferred to adaptive weight value updating device 226 through 224, adaptive weight value updating device 226 produces new weights by adaptive algorithm and is transferred to multiplier 212,214,216.Can make the maximum gain of received signal towards the desired signal arrival direction according to this beam shaping mode.The mode that this shaping received or sent signal is called digital beam-forming (digitalbeamforming) abbreviation DBF.The phase place and the amplitude of the signal that adjustment obtains from different antenna element also makes up these signals, produced the empty antenna beam that points to desired orientation, has intended shape.
Fig. 3 has illustrated how array antenna produces the strong beam 314 of a sensing travelling carriage 316.Except forming the main lobe 314 that points to travelling carriage 316, also formed 310,312 among the figure, 318,320 four less secondary lobes of amplitude, described array antenna is rearranged by five bays, 300,302,304,306,308 even linearities.These array elements can be that oriented antenna also can be an omnidirectional antenna, even the little array antenna that can be made up of according to certain rules some antennas.Directional diagram shown in the figure can be realized with the method for controlling its phase place and amplitude by complex weighted on the aforesaid signal times to array antenna received or transmission.
In device of the present invention, the multiple access that the antenna beam that produces by the newtype base station equipment in the spatial domain orientation reduces between up reception and descending transmission user disturbs.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, and it relates to, and the application self-adapting array antenna carries out the directional reception and the transmission of signal in cdma system.
The structure of equipment according to the preferred embodiment of the invention will be described below.Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of explanation according to base station equipment of the present invention.This equipment comprises the array antenna of being made up of M bay 400.This array antenna can be linear, the plane.Array antenna 400 receives with sending to each travelling carriage from each travelling carriage by each of M array element and arrives or leave the multipath signal of antenna for base station along some different propagated with different directions and time delay.On receive direction, signal amplifies through pre-, and conversion of signals is become intermediate frequency, and M all signal of digitlization.The multiple I of a M that obtains, the Q sample is through 406 and 418 inputs that offer Channel Elements 402,404.On the sending direction, array antenna connects the output signal of Channel Elements 402,404, touches conversion equipment by number then and converts analog signal to, sends through amplifying and being transformed into high frequency again.
The travelling carriage that is in state of activation of each and base station communication provides service by a Channel Elements, and Channel Elements carries out Digital Signal Processing to the signal that receives and send.Described Channel Elements can be regarded as and comprise a receiver and a corresponding transmitter.Digital signal on receive direction and sending direction all by the signal on the different array elements being carried out the digital beam forming of complex weighted realization antenna beam.
On receive direction, described Channel Elements carries out space filtering to signal, make the direction maximum of the gain of aerial array in desired signal arrival, the signal component of demodulate reception is also carried out diversity and is merged, and the signal after diversity is merged detects and decoding obtains bits of user data.The bits of user data that decoding obtains further is transferred to control and interface unit 414, and control is transferred to public network 416 with interface unit with bits of user data, is transferred to the other parts of network again by public network.
On sending direction, bits of user data arrives control and interface unit 414 from public network 416, control is assigned to correct Channel Elements 402 to 404 with interface unit respectively with them, in Channel Elements 402 to 404, be encoded and band spectrum modulation, signal after the modulation is weighted the pre-figuration of finishing wave beam through multiplying each other with the restore one's right value to signal to be sent, and the restore one's right value vector of being taken advantage of has determined the zenith directions and the shape of wave beam.Obtain each of M element that M signal flows to aerial array 400 respectively behind the signal weighting to be sent.In the present invention, the aerial array that receives and send is a same antenna array, receives with the signal of sending direction to separate through suitable duplexer filter.
In aerial array 400 from each Channel Elements, through mailing to the signal of the same antenna after the weighting, after the adder addition, be converted into and simulate signal, transfer to radio frequency (transmission) unit and send by aerial array again.
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart that Channel Elements according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is described.Channel Elements comprises one or more uplink beam figuration devices 500, shown in this figure one of them, its input is connected to the output of aerial array 400, its output is connected to the input of despreader 502, its function is the weighted array of finishing up received signal, comprise one or more despreaders 502, one of them only is shown in the figure, its input is connected with the output of uplink beam figuration device 500, its output is connected to the input of diversity combiner 504 and the input of beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512, comprise that diversity combiner 504 its inputs are connected to the output of despreader 502, its output is connected respectively to the input of detector 506 and the input of beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512, its function is the demodulation desired signal components, comprise a detector 506, its input is connected to the output of diversity combiner 504, output links to each other with the input of deinterleaver 508 and the input of beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512, comprise that deinterleaver 508 its inputs are connected to the output of detector 506, output is connected with the input of decoder 510, comprise that decoder 510 its inputs are connected to the output of deinterleaver 508, its output is connected with control unit 414 with interface, comprise a beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512, its output respectively with uplink beam figuration device 500, down beam shaping device 534 (shown in this figure one of them) links to each other, the be connected output signal of receive diversity combiner 504 and detector 506 feedbacks of the output that its input is connected respectively to diversity combiner 504 and detector 506, also comprise an encoder 524, its input is connected to interface and control unit 414, output links to each other with the input of rate matchers 526, comprise a rate matchers 526, its input is connected to the output of encoder, output links to each other with the input of interleaver 528, comprise interleaver 528, its input links to each other with the output of rate matchers 526, output links to each other with the input of frequency multiplier 530, comprise that a frequency multiplier 532 its inputs link to each other with the output of interleaver 530, output links to each other with the input of pulse shaper 532, its function is with the specific spreading code of user data to be carried out spread spectrum and scrambler, also comprise pulse shaper 532, its input links to each other with the output of frequency multiplier 530, output links to each other with the input of descending velocity of wave figuration device 534, comprise at least one down beam shaping device 534, an one input links to each other with the output of pulse shaping 532, another input links to each other with the output of beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512 and receives the weighted vector that velocity of wave shape-endowing weight value controller transmits, its output is connected with aerial array, from the multiple I of numeral that pulse shaper 532 arrives, the Q sample is divided into the corresponding array element that the M road flows to array antenna after complex weighted and sends.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 5, Fig. 6, investigate the operation principle of uplink beam figuration device 500.Uplink beam figuration device 500 can be as shown in Figure 6, comprise the multiplier 612 that signal and restore one's right value multiply each other, 614,616, an input of each multiplier links to each other with the output of the radio-frequency front-end of respective antenna array element, another input links to each other with the output of beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512, its output links to each other with the input of adder 624, at multiplier 612,614, in 616 on the signal times beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512 pass the corresponding up reception weights Wm that comes, i (m=1,, M), can determine the angle of arrival of visible amplifying signal in beamformer thus.Export to despreader 502 by adder 624 additions through 646 through the sample of handling 618,620,622 that multiplies each other.Uplink beam figuration device 500 is controlled by the beam shape-endowing weight value controller.
The output signal of uplink beam figuration device 500 is transferred to despreader 502, the input of despreader 502 links to each other with the output of uplink beam figuration device 500, output is connected to the input of diversity combiner 504, its function is similar to traditional Rake (Rake) receiver, mainly be the demodulation desired signal components, its realization is to carry out cross-correlation by the signal with the output of distinctive spreading code of desired user and uplink beam figuration device 500 to demodulate desired signal components and be transferred to diversity combiner 504.
The input of diversity combiner 504 links to each other with the output of despreader 502, output is connected to the input of detector 506, and its function is to merge carrying out channel estimating and channel compensation from the signal component of different despreader 602 outputs and the signal after the compensation being carried out diversity.
The input of detector 504 is connected to the output of diversity combiner 502, output links to each other with deinterleaver 506, its function is that the signal decoding after diversity is merged becomes bits of user data, and decoded results is exported to beam shape-endowing weight value controller and deinterleaver.Detector can be realized with existing known technology.
The input of deinterleaver 506 is connected to the output of detector, and output links to each other with decoder 510, and its function is the data deinterlacing of transmitting terminal through interweaving.
The input of decoder 510 be connected to deinterleaver output, output links to each other with control unit 416 with interface, its function is that code signal is deciphered.
The input of encoder 524 is connected to interface and control unit 416, and output is connected to the output of rate matchers 526, and the function of encoder 524 is encoded user data bits.It is encoded into data symbol waiting for transmission to the bits of user data of certain-length according to the requirement of communication protocol and sends to rate matchers 526.Encoder can be realized with existing known technology.
The input of rate matchers 526 is connected to encoder 524, and output is connected to the input of interleaver 528, and its function is user data is retransmitted or to be punched for the channel speed that adapts to fixed allocation,
The input of interleaver 528 is connected to the output of rate matchers 526, and output is connected to the input of frequency multiplier 528, and its function is that the data after the rate-matched are interweaved.
The input of frequency multiplier 530 links to each other with interleaver 528, output is connected to the input of pulse shaper 532, its function is that the data symbol of interleaver 528 outputs and the specific spread spectrum code of distributing to the user are multiplied each other, the spread-spectrum signal of the data symbol band spectrum modulation of arrowband to broad.Frequency multiplier 530 also can be realized with existing known technology.
The input of pulse shaper 532 is connected to the output of frequency multiplier, its output is connected with down beam shaping device 534, its function is that data symbol is mapped to the signal waveform with definite shape and bandwidth, is beneficial to the transmission of signal, and pulse shaper can be used existing techniques in realizing.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, investigate the operation principle of down beam shaping device 534, down beam shaping device 534 comprises splitter 644, and splitter 644 copies to road signal 536 behind the pulse shaping on the M road 638,640,642, comprises multiplier 632,634,636.In multiplier 632,634,636, the corresponding restore one's right value Wm (m=1 of beam shape-endowing weight value controller output on the signal times to be sent, M), the sample of handling through multiplying each other is fed to the radio-frequency unit 626 of transmitter, 628,630, these radio-frequency units convert the digital signal of intermediate frequency to analog signal and are modulated to high frequency and flow to antenna element and send.
Beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512 links to each other with uplink beam figuration device 500 by 514, link to each other with down beam shaping device 534 by 522, output signal by 516 reception uplink beam figuration devices 500, by the testing result of 520 reception detectors, 506 feedbacks, by the signal of 518 receive diversity combiners, 504 feedbacks.
The function of beam shape-endowing weight value controller 512 is the results according to the feedback of the output signal of uplink beam figuration device 500 and diversity combiner 504 and detector 506, the restore one's right value vector of adaptive adjustment uplink beam figuration device 500 and down beam shaping device 534, make the zenith directions of up received beam and descending transmission wave beam point to the direction that up desired signal components arrives, its three inputs are connected respectively to uplink beam figuration device 500, the output of diversity combiner 504 and detector 506, two outputs link to each other with the input of uplink beam figuration device 500 and down beam shaping device 534 respectively.
Operation below in conjunction with Fig. 7 The effect beam shape-endowing weight value controller.Fig. 7 is the structured flowchart of beam shape-endowing weight value controller.The beam shape-endowing weight value controller comprises at least one uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller 700, one of them is shown in the drawings, its input links to each other with uplink beam figuration device 500 by 516, an input links to each other with the output of diversity combiner 504 by 518, an input links to each other with the output of detector 506 by 520, an output is connected with uplink beam figuration device 500 by 514, an output is connected with descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller 702 by 706, comprise a downlink wave beam weights controller 702, two input is connected with transformation matrix memory 704 with uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller 700 respectively, one of two output links to each other with transformation matrix memory 706, one is connected with the down beam shaping device by 522, comprise transformation matrix memory 704, an one output links to each other with an input of descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller 702, and an input links to each other with an output of descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller 702.
Uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller 700 is from the output signal of 516 reception uplink beam figuration devices 500, respectively from the result of 518 and 520 receive diversity combiners 504 and detector 506 feedbacks, it produces the renewal amount of up reception weighted vector with adaptive algorithm according to the output result of the output of uplink beam figuration device 500 and diversity combiner 504 and detector 506 feedbacks, and up reception weighted vector upgraded, produce new up reception weighted vector, simultaneously the new up reception weighted vector that produces is flowed to descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller 702 and uplink beam figuration device 500.Uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller can be realized with general dsp chip or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
Descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller 702 is received uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller 700 and is passed the current reception weighted vector of coming, visit transformation matrix memory 704 then and read the transformation matrix coefficient, and up reception weighted vector carried out linear transformation, the result of conversion is formed descending transmission wave beam as the weighted vector control down beam shaping device of down beam shaping.Uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller can be realized with general dsp chip or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
The function of transformation matrix memory 704 is storage is transformed to the used transformation matrix of descending transmission weights vector by up reception weighted vector coefficients, described transformation matrix both can be when base station equipment manufacturing or installation, determine at the array manifold of uplink and downlink carrier frequency according to array antenna, also can be in the base station equipment use according to receiving and the adjusting of the change dynamics of the condition of transmission.
Fig. 8 describes the flow process of method of the present invention, and it relates to adopts adaptive array antenna to carry out the reception and the transmission of desired signal in cdma system.
The receiver of the employing adaptive array antenna that uses in the base station comprises digital receiver device, it can follow the tracks of the variation of the arrival direction of desired signal adaptively in angle domain, make the zenith directions of the up received beam of aerial array point to the desired signal components arrival direction all the time, and the signal component of demodulation expectation.Before demodulation, carry out the numerical weighted combination by the digital signal samples that aerial array is received, make the zenith directions of the up received beam that aerial array forms point to the arrival direction of desired signal components.
The transmitter of the employing adaptive array antenna that uses in the base station comprises digital transmitter device, it can follow the tracks of the variation of the arrival direction of desired signal adaptively in angle domain, make the zenith directions of the descending transmission wave beam of aerial array point to the desired signal components arrival direction all the time, before transmission, the digital signal samples of aerial array reception is carried out numerical weighted make the zenith directions of the descending transmission wave beam of aerial array formation point to the arrival direction of desired signal components.
In the invention, up link adopts the adaptive beamforming algorithm that up reception weighted vector is upgraded, thereby form a up received beam that points to the desired signal arrival direction all the time, described adaptive beamforming algorithm can be the blind algorithm of no frequency pilot sign, also can be the non-blind algorithm that has pilot tone auxiliary.Each Channel Elements can have the up reception weighted vector of a plurality of array antennas, receives the desired signal that arrives antenna for base station along different directions respectively.
In the invention, down link carries out linear transformation to up reception weighted vector and forms descending transmission weights vector, by forming a descending transmission wave beam that points to the desired signal arrival direction all the time with descending transmission weights vector weighting desired signal to be sent.Its principle is: suppose that array antenna is at uplink carrier frequency f
u, deflection is
iThe steering vector at place is V
u(
i), at downlink carrier frequency f
d, deflection is
iThe steering vector at place is V
d(
i), 0≤ here
i≤ 2 π.If suppose that the weighted vector that up reception forms is W
u, descending transmission weights vector W
dExpression.In order to make up reception and descending transmission wave beam summit all point to up desired signal arrival direction, will make up received beam pattern and descending transmission beam modes the most approaching.If adopt criterion of least squares to differentiate the degree of closeness of uplink beam pattern and downlink beamforming pattern, then work as formula
When getting minimum value, it is the most approaching that up link received beam pattern and down link send beam modes.Here subscript H represents to get conjugate transpose.By following formula to descending transmission vector W
dDifferentiation also makes its derivative equal zero can obtaining
W
d＝AW
u (2)
Here matrix
Formula (2) shows by up reception weighted vector being carried out linear transformation can obtain the descending transmission beam modes the most approaching with up received beam pattern.Here so-called linear transformation is meant with matrix A premultiplication up reception weighted vector, and each element of just descending transmission weights vector all is that the element by up reception weighted vector obtains by weighted sum.In like manner adopt minimum mean square error criterion can obtain and the similar result of formula (2).
After trying to achieve descending transmission weights vector, just can carry out the wave beam preform that weighting along separate routes sends signal to signal to be sent, make to send signal along the arrival travelling carriage in path same with up received signal with descending transmission weights vector.To a desired signal components one or more transmission wave beams can be arranged, the desired signal components that sends from different wave beams can some adopt empty time-code to send, and other adopt normal send mode.
The method of the invention has been eliminated a large amount of interference at down direction.It is identical with the employed aerial array of reception to send employed aerial array.The mode that signal to be sent is weighted is identical with reception period.Existing cdma system all adopts common pilot symbols for making things convenient for travelling carriage to carry out correlation reception and minizone switching and identification.Described frequency pilot sign is the spread spectrum coded signal of a data non-modulated, and its send mode to base station overlay area is identical with Traffic Channel.The signal of the cdma system Traffic Channel that the method according to this invention realizes adopts time dependent narrow beam to receive and transmission, and first pilot channel adopts time-independent broad beam to send.Because the signal of Traffic Channel is different with the system that first common pilot signal is experienced, the path that signal is walked may be also inequality, thereby first common pilot signal can not be used further to the benchmark of coherent detection.Can in the time dependent narrow beam that sends Traffic Channel, send the benchmark of second common pilot signal as coherent detection for this reason.
Claims (12)
1. one kind is adopted adaptive array antenna to carry out the base station equipment that desired signal receives and launches, comprise aerial array (400), control and interface unit (414) are positioned at the Channel Elements that also links to each other with both respectively between aerial array (400) and control and the interface unit (414); Described Channel Elements comprises uplink beam figuration device (500), despreader (502), diversity combiner (504), detector (506), deinterleaver (508), decoder (510), down beam shaping device (534), pulse shaper (532), frequency multiplier (530), interleaver (528), rate matchers (526), encoder (524); It is characterized in that: also comprise a beam shape-endowing weight value controller (512), described beam shape-endowing weight value controller (512) links to each other with aerial array (400), uplink beam figuration device (500), down beam shaping device (534), and is connected to the output receive diversity combiner of diversity combiner (504) and detector (506) and the output signal of detector feedback; Described uplink beam figuration device (500), its input is connected to the output of array antenna (400), and its output is connected to the input of despreader (502); Described despreader (502), its input is connected with the output of uplink beam figuration device (400), and its output is connected to the input of diversity combiner (504); Described diversity combiner (504), its input is connected to the output of despreader (502), and output is connected with the input of detector (506) with beam shape-endowing weight value controller (512); Described detector (506), its input is connected to the output of diversity combiner (504), and output is connected with the input of deinterleaver (508) with beam shape-endowing weight value controller (512); Described deinterleaver (508), its input is connected to the output of detector (506), and output is connected with the input of decoder (510); Described decoder (510), its input are connected to deinterleaver (508) output, and output is connected with control unit (414) with interface; Described encoder (524), its input are connected to interface and control unit (414), and output is connected with the output of rate matchers (526); Described rate matchers (526), its input is connected with the output of encoder (524), and output links to each other with the input of interleaver (528); Described interleaver (528), its input is connected with the output of rate matchers (526), and output links to each other with the input of frequency multiplier (530); Described frequency multiplier (530), its input is connected with the output of interleaver (528), and output links to each other with pulse shaper (532) input; Described pulse shaping (532), its input is connected with the output of frequency multiplier (530), and output links to each other with the input of down beam shaping device (534); Described down beam shaping device (534), its input links to each other with the output of pulse shaper (532), its output is connected with array antenna (400), the multiple I of the numeral of the down beam shaping device that arrives, the Q sample is divided into M the multiple I of numeral, and the Q sample flows to the input of M array element of array antenna (400).
2. base station equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described beam shape-endowing weight value controller (512) comprising:
A uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller (700), a descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller (702), and a transformation matrix memory (704); An input of described up uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller (700) links to each other with the output of uplink beam figuration device (500), an input links to each other with the output of detector (506), an input links to each other with the output of diversity combiner (504), an output links to each other with an input of descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller (702), and an output is connected to an input of uplink beam figuration device (500); Described descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller (702), an input links to each other with the output of uplink beam shape-endowing weight value controller (700), an output links to each other with transformation matrix memory (704) input, an input links to each other with transformation matrix memory (704) output, and an output is connected to an input of down beam shaping device (534); Described transformation matrix memory (704), an one output links to each other with an input of descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller (702), and an input links to each other with an output of descending beam shape-endowing weight value controller (702).
3. base station equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described base station equipment comprises a plurality of same structure Channel Elementss mutually arranged side by side that have.
4. base station equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described uplink beam figuration device (500) and described despreader (502) have arranged side by side a plurality of respectively.
5. base station equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described down beam shaping device (534) has arranged side by side a plurality of.
6. a method that adopts adaptive array antenna reception and send the desired user signal comprises the following steps:
(1) base station equipment produces the up reception weighted vector of array antenna;
(2) base station equipment is carried out the linear transformation product to the up reception weighted vector of array antenna
Give birth to the weight of downgoing emission vector of array antenna;
(3) the base station equipment weight of downgoing emission vector weighting expectation to be launched of array antenna
Signal;
(4) base station equipment weighting after desired signal launch through array antenna.
7. the method for employing adaptive array antenna reception as claimed in claim 6 and transmission desired user signal, it is characterized in that, the process that described base station equipment produces the up reception weighted vector of array antenna is the signal that receives by the receiver according to base station equipment and the error generation right value update vector of desired signal, then up reception weight vector is upgraded, form the process of new reception weight vector.
8. the method for employing adaptive array antenna reception as claimed in claim 6 and transmission desired user signal, it is characterized in that, to each Channel Elements the up reception weighted vector of a plurality of array antennas can be arranged, receive the desired signal that arrives antenna for base station along different directions respectively.
9. the method for employing adaptive array antenna reception as claimed in claim 6 and transmission desired user signal, it is characterized in that the used matrix of a linear transformation of described step (2) is that the most approaching method under criterion of least squares obtains by up received beam that makes desired user and downlink wave beam.
10. the method for employing adaptive array antenna reception as claimed in claim 6 and transmission desired user signal, it is characterized in that the used matrix of a linear transformation of described step (2) is that the most approaching method under minimum mean square error criterion obtains by up received beam that makes desired user and downlink wave beam.
11. the method for employing adaptive array antenna reception as claimed in claim 6 and transmission desired user signal, it is characterized in that, to each Channel Elements the weight of downgoing emission vector of a plurality of array antennas can be arranged, send the desired signal that leaves antenna for base station along different directions respectively.
12. the method for employing adaptive array antenna reception as claimed in claim 6 and transmission desired user signal, it is characterized in that, send a desired signal components of leaving antenna for base station along a certain direction in the described step (4) and can use one or more launching beams, can some adopt empty time-code emission from the desired signal components of different beam transmission, other adopt the normal transmission mode.
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Address after: 300308, Tianjin Airport Economic Zone, ring River Road and Central Avenue intersection airport business park, Eastern E9-202 Patentee after: Tianjin Primemobi Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 300308 A2-206, three West 166, Tianjin Airport Logistics Processing Zone Patentee before: Tianjin Primemobi Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Addressee: Tianjin Primemobi Technology Co., Ltd. Document name: Notification to Pay the Fees |
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Addressee: Tianjin Primemobi Technology Co., Ltd. Document name: Notification of Termination of Patent Right |
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Granted publication date: 20060322 Termination date: 20160411 |