CN1322692C - Method for equalizing propagation delays and optimizing power level in radio communication system - Google Patents
Method for equalizing propagation delays and optimizing power level in radio communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1322692C CN1322692C CNB008151032A CN00815103A CN1322692C CN 1322692 C CN1322692 C CN 1322692C CN B008151032 A CNB008151032 A CN B008151032A CN 00815103 A CN00815103 A CN 00815103A CN 1322692 C CN1322692 C CN 1322692C
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- mobile radio
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/54—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0602—Systems characterised by the synchronising information used
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0682—Clock or time synchronisation in a network by delay compensation, e.g. by compensation of propagation delay or variations thereof, by ranging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
- H04W74/0866—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a dedicated channel for access
Abstract
Method for equalizing the propagation delays and optimizing the power level in a mobile station accessing network services on a common channel, in the third generation of mobile cellular systems based on a code multiplexing (Code Division multiple Access or CDMA) and TDD-TDMA type time division (Time Division Duplex-Time Division Multiple Access) access technique and comprising at least one base station (BS) and at least one mobile station (MS). The method is characterized in that it includes various temporally distinct steps for the optimization of the ''frame synchronization'' and ''power level'' parameters during the procedure for access to the network services by a mobile station (MS).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mobile phone field, more particularly, relate to a kind of method of during the network service process that inserts mobile radio station, optimizing " frame synchronization " and " power level " parameter.
Background technology
In last decade, the mobile phone system has experienced the technological innovation that continues, the carrier wave of having abandoned being launched with analog-modulated gradually is the first generation system of feature, and a large amount of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) that are converted to digital signal in order to digital modulation, with baseband signal substitute for the second-generation system of feature.Now for mobile radio system, adopt the opportunity of the mobile radio system of advanced design more ripe, promptly so-called third generation system, the difference in itself and preceding two generations mainly is that the user who is served inserts physical channel in a different manner.Specifically, this different access module divides technology based on sign indicating number, i.e. code division multiple access (CDMA) technology.The design of these systems makes is used at the ripe transmission feasibility study to the safety of saving transmission information from damage of military field, and has guaranteed that the noise (interference) that generates carrying out demolition purpose has certain interference rejection ability.The realization of these purposes has benefited from expanding artificially with respect to baseband frequency spectrum the modulation spectrum of transmission carrier wave.Therefore this technology is called spread spectrum, and each that it is characterized in that the multiplexed signal that is sent out with the sign indicating number sequence (chip) of the pseudo noise type with two-forty (spreading rate) has the code element (symbol) of low chip rate, its objective is the information that expansion sends on the frequency spectrum of broad, thereby only allow those authorize the people who receives to insert in good time.In order to reach this effect, the signal that the spread-spectrum receiver demodulation is received, and by between the local copies of the signal of demodulation and the sign indicating number sequence in modulator, used, applying the temporary transient reconstruct primary data of being correlated with.From the code element of restituted signal with the mathematics between the sign indicating number sequence is correlated with accurately, in receiver, obtain initialize signal, thereby make a distinction with noise and interference with peak value output.Under commercial environment, more precisely,, should face the different application that compares band spectrum modulation with the military target of front to a certain extent at the mobile phone section.Concrete application is, allows to share simultaneously between each user who is distinguished by different extended codes single physical channel.The correlation technique that is known as abbreviation CDMA (code division multiple access) adopts reciprocal orthogonal spreading code sequence, promptly ignores reciprocal relevant.The reason that Here it is is distinguished each user who enters transport tape is, on the channel of sign indicating number sequence as feature with himself, will be rendered as noise as the signal of other channel of correlated results.With respect to traditional narrowband systems, spread spectrum provides the additional advantage for the bigger insensibility of Rayleigh selective attenuation (Rayleigh selective fading), the Rayleigh selective attenuation is a kind of owing to repeatedly reflect the phenomenon that causes along the aerial path of signal transmitted, and this is to be the very little part of the occupied total frequency spectrum of useful signal because relate to the frequency spectrum ratio of strong attenuation.
Goal of the invention
In above-mentioned third generation cellular system, a basic parameter is the power level of mobile radio station (MS) access base station (BS).The reason of optimizing this parameter is to make mobile radio station to arrive network to meet the desired the required minimum power of quality, thus capacity that can optimization system and save the power of mobile radio station.For those equally based on the pattern of the access technology such as time division duplex (TDD)-time division multiple access (TDMA), such as the pattern TD-SCDMA of TDD UTRAN pattern of stipulating in 3GPP (third generation cooperative programme) framework (UMTS grounding wireless access network network) or CWTS (Chinese radio communication standard) proposition, another basic parameter is the frame synchronization between MS and the BS.The reason of optimizing this parameter is to recover because the propagation delay that the distance between MS and the BS causes, thereby reduces between the user who belongs to identical time slot (TS) and phase mutual interference between the user of contiguous TS.
When in the network insertion processing procedure and on dedicated channel, sending for the first time, " power level " and " frame synchronization " Parameter Optimization is strict especially, this is owing to there is not this fact of closed-loop control mechanism, uses another situation of point-to-point connection just to have closed-loop control mechanism.In addition, between access periods, use the radio resource of sharing to have the problem of conflict, that is, those different users insert the incident of identical radio resource simultaneously.Optimize this parameter and be to make the probability of happening minimum, equally also be able to the capacity and the quality of optimization system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in this narration proposes a kind of based on physical channel that has limited in TD-SCDMA and controlling packet (grouping, burst) network insertion processing procedure, " frame synchronization " and " power level " parameter value that it uses when allowing to obtain to send for the first time in inserting processing procedure and on dedicated channel meanwhile makes and shares the minimizing possibility that radio resource clashes.
In order to realize described purpose, the present invention uses the method that is suitable for the network insertion processing procedure is divided into the different steps of temporarily separating.
Frame period (frame timing) and power level obtain in the following manner.
In the first step, MS uses signature packet (signature burst), in TD-SCDMA, be called uplink pilot (UpPTS) synchronously, so that obtain correct frame period and correct power level, use them to insert common channel or Random Access Channel (RACH), insert request so that send it to network;
In second step, MS confirms also to be provided with frame period and power level parameter, sends signature packet once more before sending on by the dedicated channel of network appointment.
Conflict is minimized in the following manner to be realized.
In the first step, with time slot be limited to mobile radio station can expect receive the time slot of replying from network to its signature packet within; The conflict on the signature packet aspect of being shared by the mobile radio station of the electromagnetism overlay area that is arranged in same base station is optimized in this measure.In addition, send the indication that it inserts the RACH physical channel of request to network, then can greatly be reduced in the possibility that clashes on this radio resource of sharing if response message comprises MS.
May happen to be under the situation of strong especially interference, MS can not decode the response message of automatic network, and can not know thus and specify specific RACH channel for it.In this case, network will keep one that share, the i.e. resource of preciousness in fact being in the user who does not have the access network state.This state can be removed by moment set time or maximum time, and network waits for that the resource be scheduled to is occupied in this time, at this moment between outside this resource will become once more available for sub-district (cell) interior user.
Expansion as this design, if be some service (for example urgent call and/or more district's request) establish can be only at some frame of multiframe (for example, even frame) sends signature packet in, thereby allow use to augment frame for other all service, so then can further reduce the possibility that clashes when using signature packet, and the quality of the correspondingly improvement service that provides (for example, improving successfully the possibility in district more).
If as described below, then can obtain the further advantage of design described here.
During the first step of the processing procedure of upgrading " frame synchronization " and " power level " parameter, network at it to inserting the signal that sends the interference level (power level of the transmission that perhaps suits) that is recorded on the RACH access channel that will use by mobile radio station in the replying of request.MS will use this value to be limited to the power level that sends on the RACH channel;
During second step of " frame synchronization " and " power level " parameter update processing procedure, network at it to sending the signal of the interference level (the perhaps suitable power level that sends) that is recorded on the dedicated channel that is assigned to mobile radio station in the replying of signature packet.MS will use this parameter to limit the power level that inserts dedicated channel for the first time.
The present invention is special, but is not uniquely, is applicable to the TD-SCDMA pattern.
Particularly, the invention provides a kind of being used for to being optimized based on the transmission power level of mobile radio station MS that wherein sends the access base station BS of the mobile cellular system that the network of the CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) of code division multiple access or CDMA signal constitutes according to time division multiple access or TDMA technology and time division duplex or TDD technology and equalizing propagation delays being carried out balanced method by base station and mobile radio station, multiframe with the sequence frame that comprises the common signal channel that mobile radio station inserts is at random organized described signal, so that obtain the network service on the dedicated channel, and mobile radio station sends and is used to make the power level of network calculations mobile radio station transmission and the related words of the correlation in frame period, it is characterized in that described method comprises following continuous step:
A) mobile radio station MS sends the related words with the power that calculates according to the open loop processing procedure to network; Then after sending related words, mobile radio station MS waits for that the very first time is at interval with confirmation of receipt message from the network that comprises the following parameters value:
The correct frame period, and
The power level that the interference level that writes down on institute's configuration common signal channel or replacedly be suitable for sends thereon;
B) when mobile radio station MS receives the confirmation message, it adjusts its frame period and transmitted power according to the described parameter value that is received, and on the common signal channel of this configuration, send described request message, then it waits for that second time interval is to receive the appointment of dedicated channel from network.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the cellular system that comprises at least one base station BS and at least one mobile radio station MS.
Embodiment
During present invention resides in the processing procedure of mobile radio station access network service, be used for optimizing two steps of " frame synchronization " and " power level " parameter.
The first step mainly is to recover good frame synchronization between BS and the MS, and can send the public access channel of physics that it inserts request to conflict with other user of sub-district or to disturb than low probability by the BS instruct MS.
Second step was, brought into use cycle of renewal and performance number before sending on the specified private resource of network at MS, upgraded above-mentioned parameter.
It should be noted that signature packet and related words (correlation word) are similar, except the signal that carries the cycle that allows the signal that network calculations receives and power level and correspondingly proofread and correct, do not carry any information or high-grade message.In cdma system, particularly in the TD-SCDMA pattern, the signature packet with fabulous automatic and crosscorrelation characteristic can send by a plurality of mobile radio stations are parallel, and is decoded by network correct ground.Secondly, a plurality of physical channels that network can be by using sign indicating number branch type for example or reply a plurality of requests simultaneously by the single resource that a plurality of response messages are held in use.
The key step of this method that is proposed is as follows.
A:MS uses the power level of calculating according to known open loop processing procedure in the cdma system, sends signature packet (code element that is used for the TD-SCDMA pattern according to CWTS adopts is UpPTS) to network; Frame period is taken from sub-district Synchronous Processing process.MS waits for the affirmation message that receives automatic network in the N frame that sends signature packet.
Following three kinds of situations may appear.
B.1 network is replied acknowledge message in receiving the N frame of signature packet, the structure (with the form of time slot/frequency/coding) that wherein comprises power level and/or the interference level on the physical channel that will be used that uses signature, the correction in frame period, the next time identical with the signature of mobile radio station use and be used to send the RACH physical channel of network service access request message when network sends, this is to be configured in the sub-district under the situation of a plurality of physical channels for this purpose.The RACH structural parameters can send by signaling clearly, perhaps implicit extraction the from mobile radio station, for example since the RACH channel that will be used with having received the related of interchannel of the affirmation message of signature packet known in advance from network via its mobile radio station.
B.2 network is replied refuse information in receiving the N frame of signature packet, wherein comprise the identical signature of signature that uses with mobile radio station, and in some cases, show the indication of the degree that takies of the public access channel that disposes in the sub-district, therefrom MS can attempt obtaining time of delay before new the access.
B.3 in the time interval of expection, that does not come automatic network relates to replying of the employed signature of mobile radio station.
C. under situation B.1, MS as early as possible or after network is received response message just in time in the M frame (selected strategy depends on the rule of setting up system, this must make mobile radio station know in advance) give on its RACH physical channel in indication, use from the parameter of network configuration, obtain synchronously and performance number send it and insert request.Wait for that then (until predetermined maximum time) receives the appointment of dedicated channel from network.At this moment, may there be two kinds of situations.
C.1 network is replied inserting request for certain by specifying special-purpose physical channel.
C.2MS in predetermined maximum delay time, do not receive replying to its request.
D.1 under situation C.1, MS oneself is set to the receiving mode on dedicated channel immediately, and as soon as possible, that is to say that the K frame after specifying dedicated channel was sending signature packet once more before sending on the private resource, so that the renewal radio parameter.MS waits in the X frame and comes replying of automatic network, and it oneself is set to the sending mode on dedicated channel immediately after this time interval: transmission will be carried out with arbitrary velocity, even do not occurring coming under the situation of replying of automatic network.Parameter " K " and " X " by network configuration so that optimize the conflict probability.In order to make this " frame synchronization " and " power level " parameter update processing procedure more effective, the value of parameter K and X must be low.
D.2 under situation C.2, MS is once more from an A.
If E. under situation B.2, then MS is once more from an A, uses the value of taking of available access channel of being issued an order by network, to obtain the time of delay before next access attempts.
If F. under situation B.3, then MS is once more from an A.
Claims (12)
1. be used for being optimized based on the transmission power level of mobile radio station (MS) that wherein sends the access base station (BS) of the mobile cellular system that the network of the CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) of CDMA signals constitutes according to time division multiple access and time division duplex technology and equalizing propagation delays being carried out balanced method by base station and mobile radio station, multiframe with the sequence frame that comprises the common signal channel that mobile radio station inserts is at random organized described signal, so that obtain the network service on the dedicated channel, and mobile radio station sends and is used to make the power level of network calculations mobile radio station transmission and the related words of the correlation in frame period, it is characterized in that described method comprises following continuous step:
A) mobile radio station (MS) sends the related words with the power that calculates according to the open loop processing procedure to network; Then after sending related words, mobile radio station (MS) waits for that the very first time is at interval with confirmation of receipt message from the network that comprises the following parameters value:
The correct frame period, and
The power level that the interference level that writes down on institute's configuration common signal channel or replacedly be suitable for sends thereon;
B) at mobile radio station (MS) when receiving the confirmation message, it adjusts its frame period and transmitted power according to the described parameter value that is received, and on the common signal channel of this configuration, send the access request message, then it waits for that second time interval is to receive the appointment of dedicated channel from network.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is distributing a dedicated channel to give under the situation of the mobile radio station (MS) of asking, and mobile radio station (MS) oneself is set to receiving mode and the sending mode on dedicated channel immediately.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at step a) and b) described configuration of common channel parameter informed by described acknowledge message.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, at step a) and b) described configuration of common channel parameter impliedly obtains from mobile radio station because the described common signal channel that will use with know in advance by the relation of interchannel of mobile radio station that receives the affirmation message of relevant related words from network.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step b), at mobile radio station (MS) when receiving the confirmation message, mobile radio station (MS) sends described access request message at once or sends described access request message exactly at the M frame after network receives the confirmation message at this identical frame place, the rule of setting up in the system that must know in advance according to mobile radio station and selection strategy.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described very first time interval, no matter whether described mobile radio station (MS) receives refuse information from the network that comprises the identical related words of related words that described mobile radio station uses, mobile radio station (MS) still continues it and attempts the new operation sequence that inserts.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that described refuse information comprises the indication of the degree that takies of the public access channel that disposes in the sub-district, according to this indication, before attempting new the access, mobile radio station (MS) can obtain time of delay.
8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that that mobile radio station (MS) uses is that network is informed, be used to obtain to attempt the public access channel value of taking of the time of delay before new the access and continue its operation sequence.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, no matter whether do not come replying of related words automatic network, that use about mobile radio station at interval in described very first time, mobile radio station (MS) is all attempted new access.
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, no matter whether described second time interval finishes mobile radio station (MS) does not receive for the replying of its request, and mobile radio station is all attempted new access.
11. method according to claim 1, its feature also are, also are included in dedicated channel and are assigned to the following step of carrying out in the situation of the mobile radio station (MS) of asking:
C) mobile radio station (MS) oneself is set to the receiving mode on dedicated channel immediately, and sends described related words at once once more to described network at this identical frame place, and perhaps the K frame place after distributing described dedicated channel sends described related words exactly;
D) mobile radio station (MS) waits for that after sending related words the 3rd time interval is to receive the response message of automatic network, comprise the correct frame period of renewal and, be suitable for the power level that it sends on described dedicated channel distributing to the interference level that writes down on the dedicated channel of mobile radio station or replacedly;
E) receive under the situation of response message at described mobile radio station, mobile radio station is adjusted time synchronized and transmitted power according to described updated parameters, and inserts described dedicated channel for the first time.
12. the method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, when described the 3rd time interval finished, mobile radio station (MS) also oneself was set to the sending mode on dedicated channel immediately, and even without coming replying also of automatic network to send.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI99A002285 | 1999-11-03 | ||
| IT1999MI002285A IT1313837B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 1999-11-03 | METHOD TO EQUALIZE THE PROPAGATION DELAYS AND OPTIMIZE THE POWER LEVEL IN A MOBILE STATION THAT ACCESSES THE SERVICES OF |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1421076A CN1421076A (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| CN1322692C true CN1322692C (en) | 2007-06-20 |
Family
ID=11383883
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB008151032A Expired - Lifetime CN1322692C (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2000-03-24 | Method for equalizing propagation delays and optimizing power level in radio communication system |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1226671A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003527789A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1322692C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2324039A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1313837B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001033753A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6697347B2 (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2004-02-24 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Method and apparatus for controlling transmission of packets in a wireless communication system |
| EP1668786B1 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2012-08-22 | Nxp B.V. | Initial synchronization for receivers |
| CN1801997A (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-12 | 西门子（中国）有限公司 | Method for confirming beam forming initial point in TD-SCDMA mobile communication system |
| RU2413365C2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-02-27 | Телефонактиеболагет Лм Эрикссон (Пабл) | Method to perform procedure of random access by radio interface |
| JP2007124578A (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Ntt Docomo Inc | Transmission/reception bandwidth setting method in wireless communication system defining multiple signal bandwidths, mobile terminal, and base station |
| US9800391B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2017-10-24 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for allocating and transmitting time and frequency resource for resource request indicator |
| FR2922705B1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2011-12-09 | Sagem Defense Securite | BIDIRECTIONAL GATEWAY WITH REINFORCED SAFETY LEVEL |
| EP2096884A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-02 | Koninklijke KPN N.V. | Telecommunications network and method for time-based network access |
| US20120201223A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2012-08-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and Apparatus for Avoiding Physical Random Access Channel Collisions |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5299199A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1994-03-29 | Motorola, Inc. | Channel re-assignment method for time division multiple access (TDMA) trunked systems |
| US5745837A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1998-04-28 | Terayon Corporation | Apparatus and method for digital data transmission over a CATV system using an ATM transport protocol and SCDMA |
| CN1192300A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-09-02 | 全点有限公司 | Timing adjustment control for efficient time division duplex communication |
| US5912866A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1999-06-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of reproducing multimedia data and multimedia data server system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5959980A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1999-09-28 | Omnipoint Corporation | Timing adjustment control for efficient time division duplex communication |
| JP2785789B2 (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1998-08-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | Digital mobile communication system |
-
1999
- 1999-11-03 IT IT1999MI002285A patent/IT1313837B1/en active
-
2000
- 2000-03-24 CN CNB008151032A patent/CN1322692C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-24 EP EP00926759A patent/EP1226671A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-03-24 JP JP2001535331A patent/JP2003527789A/en active Pending
- 2000-03-24 WO PCT/EP2000/002671 patent/WO2001033753A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-20 CA CA002324039A patent/CA2324039A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5299199A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1994-03-29 | Motorola, Inc. | Channel re-assignment method for time division multiple access (TDMA) trunked systems |
| CN1192300A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-09-02 | 全点有限公司 | Timing adjustment control for efficient time division duplex communication |
| US5745837A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1998-04-28 | Terayon Corporation | Apparatus and method for digital data transmission over a CATV system using an ATM transport protocol and SCDMA |
| US5912866A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1999-06-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of reproducing multimedia data and multimedia data server system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1421076A (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| ITMI992285A0 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
| WO2001033753A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| ITMI992285A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
| EP1226671A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
| CA2324039A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
| JP2003527789A (en) | 2003-09-16 |
| IT1313837B1 (en) | 2002-09-23 |
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