CN1319383C - Method for implementing motion estimation and motion vector coding with high-performance air space scalability - Google Patents

Method for implementing motion estimation and motion vector coding with high-performance air space scalability Download PDF

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CN1319383C
CN1319383C CNB2005100419105A CN200510041910A CN1319383C CN 1319383 C CN1319383 C CN 1319383C CN B2005100419105 A CNB2005100419105 A CN B2005100419105A CN 200510041910 A CN200510041910 A CN 200510041910A CN 1319383 C CN1319383 C CN 1319383C
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motion vector
video
spatial domain
motion
estimation
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CN1665300A (en
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兰旭光
薛建儒
郑南宁
邢星
刘相富
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for coding motion estimation and a motion vector with high performance spatial domain telescopic performance. A combined spatial domain wavelet core low-pass wave filtering technique is used as a core. The isomerization of a video transmission network, the fluctuation performance of network bandwidth and the diversity of a user video receiving terminal can be automatically adapted. The grading dimension reduction of a video frame is realized by the low-pass wave filtration of combined spatial domain wavelet filtration. Motion vector precision and time domain compressive performance are enhanced by the size fractionation motion estimation of a variable block of sub-pixel precision. The motion vector is telescopically coded by grading motion vector arithmetic code. The spatial domain telescopic video code flow required by the user is obtained by the extraction of grading motion vector code flow, and the high performance spatial domain telescopic performance of a video frame sequence is realized. The present invention has the advantages that high telescopic video coding and decoding are realized by combining a motion compensation time domain raising wavelet, spatial domain dispersion wavelet transformation and a three-dimensional entropy coding technique, and the requirements of users with different bandwidth and different terminals can be met in a heterogeneous network.

Description

Telescopic estimation in high-performance spatial domain and motion vector encoder implementation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to areas of information technology, be specifically related to telescopic estimation in high-performance spatial domain and motion vector encoder implementation method in the telescopic video coding and decoding architecture.
Background technology
Digital video decoding system (H.26x with MPEG series) with respect to traditional piecemeal DCT technology and motion compensation DPCM closed loop framework, based on the video coding architecture of small echo nuclear because of having adaptive spatial domain, time domain and quality scalability, and can satisfy the isomerism (Heterogeneous) of video delivery network, the diversity of the fluctuation of the network bandwidth and user video receiving terminal, thus satisfy the development of advanced information society and user's demand.Because the motion vector that the telescopic video code flow in spatial domain must have corresponding spatial resolution level, and present most of algorithm is the motion vector on the stage resolution ratio that obtains dwindling of on the basis of original resolution level motion vector being sampled, make that like this motion vector accuracy of dwindling on the stage resolution ratio is not high, thereby influence the telescopic performance of quality and spatial domain of reconstruction video frame.
Summary of the invention
At defective that exists in the above-mentioned background technology and deficiency, the objective of the invention is to, providing with associating spatial domain small echo nuclear low-pass filtering technique is core, the estimation and the motion vector encoder implementation method in the multifarious high-performance spatial domain scalable (Scalability) of the isomerism of energy adaptive video transmission network, the fluctuation of the network bandwidth and user video receiving terminal.
The technology solution solution that realizes above-mentioned task is: adopting associating spatial domain small echo nuclear low-pass filtering technique is core, isomerism, the fluctuation of the network bandwidth and the diversity of user video receiving terminal of energy adaptive video transmission network, this method comprises the following steps:
1) realizes the classification dimensionality reduction of frame of video by " low-pass filtering of associating spatial domain Lifting Wavelet filtering " technology;
2), improve the speed of estimation and the precision of motion vector by " subpixel accuracy variable-block size fractionation estimation " technology;
3), realize the scalable coding of motion vector by " the motion vector arithmetic coding of classification " technology;
4), obtain the telescopic video code flow in spatial domain of user's request by " extraction of motion vector code stream " technology.
Described " low-pass filtering of associating spatial domain Lifting Wavelet filtering " technology is that present frame of estimating taking exercises and two frames of reference frame are at first realized the classification dimensionality reduction through low pass filter, realize the pyramid structure of different resolution level.And the selection of low pass filter is selected according to the spatial domain wavelet filter, just can obtain the motion vector of classification by estimation, different resolution level and graded movement vector are one to one, the motion vector of the scalable stage resolution ratio that obtains reducing is exactly not through over-sampling but the motion vector corresponding with it in the spatial domain like this, thereby improved the precision of motion vector, further improved quality, realized the telescopic coding and decoding video in high performance spatial domain by the sequence of frames of video of the synthetic resolution reduction of motion-compensated temporal Lifting Wavelet.
Described " subpixel accuracy variable-block size fractionation estimation " technology is, on each stage resolution ratio after the classification, carry out the estimation of sub-pixel precision based on the method for macroblock match in utilization between adjacent two frames, be exactly to carry out the estimation that self adaptation becomes block size according to the motion conditions in the frame of video on the lowest resolution level from first order resolution earlier, after this each grade estimation all is to carry out on the basis of previous stage estimation, thereby further improve the accuracy of estimation, find the motion associated pixel in the corresponding resolution level frame of video, make the time domain Lifting Wavelet of motion compensation better eliminate the time-domain information redundancy.
Described " arithmetic coding of motion vector classification " technology is, the motion vector that obtains on the different resolution level is carried out Unified coding, and utilize information correlativity between these motion vectors, and carry out the mistake arithmetic coding, obtain telescopic graded movement vector code stream.
Described " extraction of motion vector code stream " technology is, to the motion vector code stream through hierarchical coding, distributes in conjunction with video code flow and extracts telescopic graded movement vector code stream according to the isomerism of user's different terminals, different bandwidth and video delivery network.The motion vector code stream of the stage resolution ratio that the scalable correspondence of different spatial resolution levels is different has so just realized that the stream spatial domain of high performance video codes is scalable.
Method of the present invention is the design that a kind of branch level adaptation with high-performance spatial domain scalability becomes the motion vector encoder of the estimation of block size and classification, by in conjunction with motion-compensated temporal Lifting Wavelet, spatial domain wavelet transform and three-dimensional entropy coding, realize the coding and decoding video of high scalability, can satisfy under the heterogeneous network different bandwidth different terminals user's demand.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention: the low-pass filtering of joint video frame spatial domain wavelet filtering realizes the structural representation of classification.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention: the structural representation that low-pass filtering realizes based on boosting algorithm.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention: the flow chart of subpixel accuracy variable-block size fractionation estimation.
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the invention: the hierarchical tree-like structure that obtains motion vector by the Hierarchical Motion Estimation method of variable macroblock size.
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the invention: the motion vector arithmetic coding flow chart of classification.
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the invention: graded movement vector code stream extracts schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the embodiment of the invention: the telescopic video schematic diagram of spatial domain one-level.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, the inventor has provided embodiments of the invention.What use in the present embodiment is one group of biorthogonal wavelet filter---5/3 biorthogonal wavelet.
In Fig. 1, what provided present embodiment realizes the structural representation of Hierarchical Motion Estimation based on uniting the spatial domain wavelet filtering to former frame of video spatial domain low-pass filtering.
In Fig. 2, provided the Lifting Wavelet filtering transformation schematic diagram that is used for the spatial domain classification of present embodiment.Because the spatial domain wavelet transformation that adopts in the small echo coding and decoding video system of present embodiment is 5/3 small echo, so in the estimation of classification, what the spatial domain classification was adopted also is 5/3 Lifting Wavelet, mainly contains for two steps, one step was even number point prediction odd point, and a step is upgraded the even number point for odd point.
step1:Y(2n+1)=X ext(2n+1)+α×(X ext(2n)+X ext(2n+2))
step2:Y(2n)=X ext(2n)+β×(Y(2n-1)+Y(2n+1))
Input video sequence is in lifting wavelet transform, row to former frame of video carries out lifting wavelet transform earlier, the result that row is changed carries out the lifting wavelet transform on the column direction then, so just finished wavelet filtering one time, but only keeping the high low frequency sub-band information of spatial domain energy is the 1LL subband, this LL subband is exactly the second level in the present embodiment Hierarchical Motion Estimation, is 1/4 of former frame of video resolution.Design the progression of spatial domain small echo low-pass filtering according to the progression of spatial domain scalability, present embodiment adopts 3 grades of scalabilities, only needs two-stage small echo low-pass filtering.Just the 1LL subband is proceeded the small echo low-pass filtering, method is the same, obtains the 2LL subband, forms the first order of present embodiment Hierarchical Motion Estimation, is 1/16 of former frame of video resolution.Present embodiment reference frame and present frame obtain three grades pyramid after all passing through two-stage small echo low-pass filtering, then three grades pyramid are carried out the estimation of self-adapting changeable block size.
In Fig. 3, provided the Hierarchical Motion Estimation flow chart of the variable macroblock size of present embodiment.
In Fig. 4, provided the hierarchical tree-like structure that the Hierarchical Motion Estimation method of present embodiment by variable macroblock size obtains.The macroblock size of the former frame of video of present embodiment is 64 * 64, and minimum is 4 * 4.The maximum macro block of the first order correspondence in three grades of pyramids that 5/3 small echo low-pass filtering forms is 16 * 16,1/16 of promptly former frame of video macro block; The maximum macro block of second level correspondence is 32 * 32.For the video frame boundary place 64 * 32 macro blocks such as grade are arranged also.The frame of video of the first order is made variable block-sized motion estimation, obtain minimum macro block and be 4 * 4 motion vector.Search to the second level, the third level all is that portion is the motion vector (border condition also comprises 64*32,32*64 and 32*32) of a 64*64 piece, and the bottom minimum is the motion vector of a 4*4 block size.
The concrete steps of present embodiment are:
Step1: first order estimation, use largest block (16*16) to carry out the piece coupling, the maximum pixel displacement be ± 1, and searching algorithm be to search for entirely, and matching criterior is for minimizing absolute pixel differences MAD,
MAD = Σ y = y 0 y 0 + yblk Σ x = x 0 x 0 + xblk | frame 1 [ x , y ] - frame 0 [ x - dx , y - dy ] | ,
[ d x , d y ] = arg min - 1 ≤ d x , d y ≤ 1 MAD ( d x , d y )
When searching for entirely, carry out the motion-vector search of integer-pel precision earlier; Give tacit consent to the motion-vector search of 1/2 pixel precision then, reference frame is carried out interpolation, on the basis of above-mentioned whole pixel precision level motion vector, continue reference frame after interpolation and carry out 1/2 pixel precision and search for entirely, thereby obtain to make the motion vector of MAD value minimum, make motion vector more accurate.After finishing first order estimation, obtain first 3 grades motion vector quaternary tree, the top is 16 * 16 macro block, and what leaf node was stored is the motion vector of 4 * 4 macro blocks.
Step2: second level estimation, at first the motion vector tree that obtains in the first order is carried out more accurate movement location, the motion vector of the first order all be multiply by 2, the primary iteration value of the second level motion vector that obtains being similar to, again carry out the half-pixel accuracy search, promptly on the initialization vector basis that obtains by first order motion vector, interpolation is carried out in the second level of reference frame, the half-pixel accuracy search is carried out in the second level, obtain making the motion vector of the half-pixel accuracy of MAD minimum, and the motion vector that the first order obtains revised, because the motion vector of the minimum macro block 4 * 4 of the first order is equivalent to the motion vector of the minimum macro block 8 * 8 in the second level, when carrying out the search of the sub-macro block of next stage, initial motion vectors is made as 0, so just forms the minimum macro block in the second level and be 4 * 4 motion vector.Sub-piece decomposes and is relatively to carry out according to the pixel absolute difference of macro block and sub-macro block mean absolute error, if the macro block absolute error is then decomposed otherwise piecemeal not greater than the mean value of four sub-macro block absolute errors.After finishing second level estimation, obtain second motion vector tree---4 grades motion vector quaternary tree.
Step3: third level estimation, the same substantially with second level motion estimation process, but the motion-vector search precision of third level instructions for use, as whole picture number precision, 1/2,1/4 pixel precision or 1/8 pixel precision.After finishing third level estimation, obtain the 3rd motion vector tree---the quaternary tree of 5 grades motion vector.
In Fig. 5, provided the flow chart of present embodiment graded movement vector coding, mainly form by adaptive binary arithmetic coding device two parts of graded movement vector tree structure encoder and motion vector.The motion vector that obtains on the different resolution level is carried out Unified coding, and utilize the information correlativity between these motion vectors, carry out the mistake arithmetic coding, obtain telescopic graded movement vector code stream.
The basic structure of motion vector storage is the motion vector tree of classification, and the motion vector of each frame is exactly to leave in the motion vector tree of some.With graded movement vector tree-encoding is that unit carries out motion vector encoder.According to the structure of graded movement vector tree, non-destination node all has four children with 1 sign; Each leaf node identifies with 0, represents the motion vector of a certain size pixel block.For leaf node, preserved x and y direction motion vector value (mvx, mvy).
The motion vector tree structure coding of classification: adopt the whole motion vector tree of depth-first traversal.Run into non-leaf node in the ergodic process and be encoded to 1 output; Judge whether at first when running into leaf node that to smallest blocks is not then to export 0 the type of this pixel block of encoding then is minimum fast, then the direct coding block type.
Motion vector value coding: adopt the differential coding of adaptive arithmetic code method to motion vector.Adopt the traversal mode of depth-first to find leaf node.(mvx to leaf node 1, mvy 1) and previous leaf (mvx 0, mvy 0) difference (output compressed bytecode stream will upgrade the probability tables of arithmetic coding after each end-of-encode for dmvx, dmvy) coding respectively.
The byte number of attention record coding output in the process of coding, each frame vector coding back is exported the graded movement vector coding byte number of this frame earlier in the original position of outputting encoded data.
In Fig. 6, provided present embodiment according to the different demands of client and graded movement codebook vector stream is carried out different extractions, to realize high performance spatial domain telescopic video code stream.
In Fig. 7, provided the one-level spatial domain telescopic video of present embodiment, be 1/4 of former sequence of frames of video resolution.This is the LH that is decomposed to form by the spatial domain 5/3 Lifting Wavelet first order, HL, and the HH subband blocks, and only keeps the LL subband that first order spatial domain Lifting Wavelet is decomposed.The extraction of motion vector code stream is carried out according to the spatial resolution of client, is exactly the second level motion vector in the motion vector code stream is extracted, and the first order and third level motion vector code stream are blocked.Because second level motion vector is to carry out on the first order LL subband of spatial domain small echo classification, so the motion vector through the motion vector decoder decoding has correspondence and high-precision feature to spatial resolution, thereby improved the accuracy of the motion vector when spatial resolution is scalable and the telescopic video code flow of spatial resolution quality, realized high performance spatial domain motions of scalable video coding and decoding through the frame of video after synthetic of decoding.

Claims (1)

1. telescopic estimation in high-performance spatial domain and motion vector encoder implementation method, it is characterized in that, adopting associating spatial domain small echo nuclear low-pass filtering technique is core, isomerism, the fluctuation of the network bandwidth and the diversity of user video receiving terminal of energy adaptive video transmission network, this method comprises the following steps:
1) two frames of the present frame of the frame of video of estimating taking exercises and reference frame are at first realized the classification dimensionality reduction through low pass filter, realize the pyramid structure of different resolution level, and the selection of low pass filter is selected according to the spatial domain wavelet filter, just can obtain the motion vector of classification by estimation, different resolution level and graded movement vector are one to one, the motion vector of the scalable stage resolution ratio that obtains reducing is exactly not through over-sampling but the motion vector corresponding with it in the spatial domain like this, thereby improved the precision of motion vector, further improved quality, realized the telescopic coding and decoding video in high performance spatial domain by the sequence of frames of video of the synthetic resolution reduction of motion-compensated temporal Lifting Wavelet;
2) using the estimation of on each stage resolution ratio after the classification, carrying out sub-pixel precision based on the method for macroblock match between adjacent two frames, be exactly the estimation of carrying out the self-adapting changeable block size on the lowest resolution level according to the motion conditions in the frame of video from first order resolution earlier, after this each grade estimation all is to carry out on the basis of previous stage estimation, thereby further improve the accuracy of estimation, find the motion associated pixel in the corresponding resolution level frame of video, make the time domain Lifting Wavelet of motion compensation better eliminate the time-domain information redundancy;
3) motion vector that obtains on the different resolution level is carried out Unified coding, and utilize the information correlativity between these motion vectors, carry out the mistake arithmetic coding, obtain telescopic graded movement vector code stream; With
4) to motion vector code stream through hierarchical coding, distribute in conjunction with video code flow and extract telescopic graded movement vector code stream according to the isomerism of user's different terminals, different bandwidth and video delivery network, the motion vector code stream of the stage resolution ratio that the scalable correspondence of different spatial resolution levels is different has so just realized that the spatial domain of high performance video code flow is scalable.
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