CN1275467C - Motion image expert group-2 transimitting flow transmitting method - Google Patents
Motion image expert group-2 transimitting flow transmitting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a transmitting method of a moving picture expert group-2 transfer stream, which refers to the transmission of MPEG-2 video-audio streams in video broadcasting television systems and conference television systems. Firstly, an MPEG-2 transfer stream for transfer is adapted into a transport stream matched with the usable net load speed rate of the current communication channel; additional information for code stream split and code stream restoration is added in the transport stream by using a transport stream packet as a unit, and program reference clock regulation is carried out; code stream split and communication channel allocation are carried out by using the transfer stream packet as a unit; then, the transfer stream packets in all E1 communication channels, which are received on a transmission network, are restored; the code stream restoration is carried out for the whole MPEG-2 transfer stream according to the additional information inside, and the original MPEG-2 transfer stream is output. The present invention can flexibly and effectively utilize a plurality of E1 communication channels in the existing SDH transmission network to transmit MPEG-2 transfer streams.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in the multimedia application field motion image expert group 2 (MPEG-2) is transmitted the transmission of stream, relate in particular in video broadcasting and TV conference system transmission method the MPEG-2 video-voice frequency flow.
Background technology
The MPEG-2 algorithm is approved by industry already, and is a kind of audio compression algorithm of looking that is most widely used at present.This algorithm all has general application at media store (for example DVD), media broadcast aspects such as (for example satellite television programmings), and along with the expansion of demand also begins to use in medium mutual (for example high-quality video conference).
MPEG-2 being transmitted the transmission of stream can be undertaken by number of ways, as net, microwave net or terrestrial transmission net etc. via satellite.When needs transmitted in real time, requiring transmission network was its assigned with dedicated channel.It is also comparatively single at present MPEG-2 to be transmitted the application that stream transmits in real time, mainly is the relay of TV programme, and the transmission network that this application is mainly depended on is a satellite network.But, rely on the terrestrial transmission net to carry out its business with having more and more multimedia application based on MPEG-2 along with the expansion of multimedia application aspect and the develop rapidly of ground transmission.
Because MPEG-2 is mainly used in the occasion that the video/audio signal quality is had high requirement, when ensuring signal quality, the data bit rate after the compression is higher relatively.This just requires when transmitting in real time (as carry out TV programme and relay, hold high-quality video conference etc.), and transmission network can provide higher bandwidth (generally at least more than 3M bps) for MPEG-2 transmits stream.
Present ground transmission situation, synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) is occupied absolute leading position.Usually SDH provides following several line interface commonly used to the user: E1 (the primary group line interface in the PDH (Pseudo-synchronous Digital Hierarchy), speed 2.048M, the Europe standard), E3 (the tertiary group line interface in the PDH (Pseudo-synchronous Digital Hierarchy), speed 34.368M, the Europe standard), T3 (the tertiary group line interface in the PDH (Pseudo-synchronous Digital Hierarchy), speed 44.736M, the North America standard) and STM-1 (the basic modular unit interface in the synchronous digital hierarchy, speed 155.520M).MPEG-2 transmits the existing in the world current standard (referring to standard I TU-T-J.131, ITU-T-J.132) of method that stream shines upon and transmits in above-mentioned interface, transmit the method that stream transmits but only relate to MPEG-2 in the standard in single channel.
In interfaces such as E1, E3, T3, STM-1, E3, T3, STM-1 can be used for transmitting the compound transmission stream that comprises multi-channel program, and be then bigger to bandwidth waste when being used to transmit the transmission stream (typical bandwidth 3M-8M) that only comprises one road program; The E1 interface is because bandwidth is too low, and the transmission of carrying out MPEG-2 transmission stream with single channel E1 channel does not have practical value substantially.Therefore, how in the terrestrial transmission net Single Program Transport Stream effectively being transmitted is the problem that need study and solve at present.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome to be difficult to problem that the MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Stream is effectively transmitted in the SDH terrestrial transmission net, proposes a kind ofly on a plurality of E1 channels MPEG-2 to be transmitted the method that stream transmits based on the multi-channel multiplexing technology.
The method of carrying out MPEG-2 transmission flow transmission on a plurality of E1 channels described in the invention is as follows:
The MPEG-2 that is used to transmit transmits stream and at first can flow with the transmission that payload speed is complementary by adaptive the becoming with current channel of code check adaptation procedure;
Transmission after the coupling is flowed with transport stream packet (TS:transport stream packet, MPEG-2 transmits the base unit of stream, each bag is 188 bytes) be unit, in each TS bag, increase the additional information that is used for code stream fractionation and code stream recovery and carry out Program Clock Reference (PCR) adjustment;
It is that unit carries out code stream and splits and channel allocation with the TS bag that adjusted MPEG-2 is transmitted stream, and its mean allocation to multichannel E1 channel, and is served the transmission network transmission by each road E1 channel; Wherein:
The code stream split process is as follows: carry out in proper order to handling N road E1 channel output buffer from handling the 1 road E1 channel output buffer, finish when all N road E1 channel output buffers all reach set point;
Channel allocation is the E1 frame time cycle by the time cycle or interrupts triggering separately calling for the timing of E1 frame time cycle integral multiple.
TS in each the road E1 channel that receives on transmission network bag is recovered, according to the additional information in each TS bag whole M PEG-2 is transmitted stream again and carry out code stream recovery processing, then original MPEG-2 is transmitted stream output.Wherein: handle as follows to the reception of data and the recovery of code stream: need earlier the transport stream packet that sends from each E1 channel to be compiled, the removal of all transport stream packet of receiving being carried out sequence recovery and additional information byte according to the additional information that is included in each transport stream packet is handled again.
Adopt the method for the invention, a plurality of E1 channels that can effectively utilize flexibly in the existing SDH transmission network are finished the transmission that MPEG-2 is transmitted stream, are difficult to problem that the MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Stream is effectively transmitted thereby overcome in existing SDH terrestrial transmission net.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that (N is a natural number) carries out the flow chart that MPEG-2 transmits flow transmission on the E1 channel of N road.
Fig. 2 is a code check adaptation procedure flow chart among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the encapsulation again and the PCR adjustment process flow chart of TS bag among Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a code stream split process flow chart among Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a channel allocation flow chart among Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a code stream recovery process flow chart among Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 be with 4 road E1 channels be example TS bag is carried out TS bag pack arrangement and the explanation of additional information byte format after the encapsulation process again.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 carries out the main-process stream that MPEG-2 transmits flow transmission on the E1 channel of N road:
At first, being used to the MPEG-2 that transmits transmits stream and becomes the transmission stream that is complementary with current channel speed through the code check adaptation procedure;
The encapsulation again and the PCR that finish the TS bag adjust: promptly this transmission stream is flowed TS bag (TS:transport stream packet to transmit, MPEG-2 transmits the base unit of stream, each bag is 188 bytes) be unit, in each TS bag, increase the additional information that is used for code stream fractionation and code stream recovery and carry out Program Clock Reference (PCR:program clock reference) adjustment;
Serve the transmission network transmission by N road E1 channel after adjusted code stream process code stream fractionation and the channel allocation;
Receiving terminal carries out code stream to data and recovers to handle after receiving data from transmission network, and after recovery is finished dealing with output is flowed in original MPEG-2 transmission, thereby finishes the entire process flow process.
The process of Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 can be triggered and sequence call by the timing interrupt timing that same timer produces; Process among Fig. 5 can be called for the timing interrupt timing of E1 frame time cycle or E1 frame time cycle integral multiple triggers on the time cycle by one.The concrete time interval of timer during according to specific implementation the size of input block and output buffer determine, need guarantee at any time neither also underflow not of overflow of each buffering area in principle.
Figure 2 shows that the code check adaptation procedure:
Whether when this process is timed interrupt call, at first detecting has MPEG-2 to transmit flow data in the input block, if having then carry out Synchronous Processing.The purpose of Synchronous Processing is can be that base unit carries out with the TS bag in order to make the processing to input transfer stream.If input can not be synchronous, then carry out Synchronous Processing all the time, until input synchronously or the input block be sky;
If do not have MPEG-2 to transmit flow data in the input block, then go to the transmit buffer handling process;
Transmission flow data synchronously will be that unit moves to transmit buffer from the input block with the TS bag.The code check that transmit buffer is used for the code check adaptation procedure is adaptive level and smooth with code check.When transmit buffer is in less than set point, illustrate that the input data deficiencies uses for output, needing to fill empty bag, to carry out code check adaptive.When transmit buffer equals set point (best results when set point is half-full state) having filled enough empty Bao Erda, this process finishes also to withdraw from, and waits for and calling next time.
Code check is adaptive finish after, the existing TS bag of enough distributing to each road E1 channel uses for output in the transmit buffer, at this moment needs to export to each E1 channel output buffer the bag of the TS in transmit buffer mean allocation.As shown in Figure 3: in the process of handling each road E1 channel output buffer, when reading a TS bag from transmit buffer, at first this TS bag is encapsulated again, promptly increase the additional information byte.If current TS includes the PCR field, need also except carrying out again encapsulation process that so the PCR value in this bag is carried out PCR and adjust processing.TS bag after encapsulation and PCR adjustment is finished is again promptly moved to current E1 channel output buffer, and identical subsequently processing procedure is carried out once more, reaches set point (best results when set point is half-full state) until current E1 channel output buffer.
Among the present invention, MPEG-2 transmits stream and need transmit by a plurality of E1 channels, so how recovers the key point that source code flow is a present technique again at receiving terminal from a plurality of channels.Consider that it is to be basic composition unit with the TS bag that MPEG-2 transmits stream, wrapping at former TS so increases some and helps the additional information byte that code stream splits and code stream recovers and utilize this information to finish MPEG-2 and transmit stream and split and will be a kind of method of simple possible in the code stream recovery of receive direction at the code stream of sending direction.
Can each TS bag that MPEG-2 transmits in the stream be numbered successively, and the additional information byte of packet number as TS bag together transmitted with this bag, only need earlier the TS bag that receives from different E1 channels to be carried out buffer memory at receiving terminal like this, according to the packet number information that is attached in the TS bag bag of the TS in the buffer memory is resequenced again, can recover source code flow.Because the correctness of packet number information recovers most important to the code stream of receiving terminal, therefore packet number information is increased necessary checking treatment, be that institute must consider in reality realizes as Cyclic Redundancy Check.When packet number is wrapped additional information as TS, also can consider some other information, the for example current actual E1 number of channel of using, supplementarys such as channel allocation situation also together transmit as the additional information of TS bag, will more help like this at receiving terminal to the processing of data and to the maintenance of whole system.
Because the additional information byte is to wrap at former TS to add, so this step can be considered the encapsulation once again that the TS bag is carried out.The present invention wishes then can be not limited to this method by the description and interpretation of above given a kind of specific implementation method being illustrated and proposed the method and the thinking of a kind of being called " encapsulation process again " on concrete encapsulation process again realizes.Except that the above-mentioned a kind of feasible method of encapsulation process again, can in concrete implementation procedure, specifically customize again as required in actual applications the encapsulation format of TS bag and the concrete definition of additional information byte, but the overall principle that in encapsulation process again encapsulation format and additional information byte is again defined is: help transmitting terminal to the fractionation of code stream and at receiving terminal to the reliable recovery of code stream and simple as far as possible on processing procedure.
PCR adjusts:
Transmission stream after code check is adaptive is owing to Program Clock Reference PCR (program clock reference has been introduced in the interpolation of empty bag, 33 bit data that are used for the transfer system clock information among the MPEG-2) shake, therefore the PCR adjustment must be carried out, otherwise the operation irregularity of receiving terminal decoder might be caused.The adjustment of PCR has multiple implementation method, can specifically select according to practical situations when specific implementation.
From transmit buffer, reading, and wrap to move to the process of each road E1 channel output buffer through the adjusted TS of encapsulation and PCR again and be code stream split process shown in Figure 4.The code stream split process is carried out to handling N road E1 channel output buffer in proper order from handling the 1 road E1 channel output buffer.When all N road E1 channel output buffers all reach set point, showed before regularly interrupting arrival next time, data existing enough in each road E1 channel output buffer are used for the output of E1 channel, the invocation of procedure of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 finishes and withdraws from this moment, waits for that the timing down trigger is called next time.
To transmitting the fractionation of flowing will be that unit carries out with the TS bag, and promptly all bytes in each complete TS bag must be to transmit by same road E1 channel, and different TS bags then are distributed in different E1 channels as required.Like this, one road complete transport stream will be split into N part (N is an E1 channel way) and compile by N road E1 channel transmission data and at receiving terminal respectively.Because each road E1 channel is equality each other, and be to transmit data at the same time, therefore when specific implementation, must the uniformity that code stream splits be taken into full account.A kind of simple and feasible method is to take the mode of order repeating query that the TS bag is distributed to each road E1 channel successively.
Process shown in Figure 5 is a channel allocation, and this process is the E1 frame time cycle by a time cycle or interrupts triggering separately calling for the timing of E1 frame time cycle integral multiple.Because regularly the time cycle of interrupting is the integral multiple in E1 frame time cycle, therefore the data of handling in each invocation of procedure are P frame E1 data (P=is break period cycle/E1 frame time cycles regularly).
1 frame data of E1 comprise 32 time slots, and each time slot is 1 byte, and wherein 0 time slot is the E1 frame head, 16 time slots are used to transmit channel associated signalling, and these two time slots are generally not open to the user, therefore, each E1 frame comprises 30 available time slot, and promptly each E1 frame can transmit 30 bytes.When calling in the processing procedure of channel allocation at every turn, from the output buffer of each road E1 channel, read respectively in the time slot buffering area that 30*P byte be filled to each road E1 framer, export data to the E1 channel by the E1 framer by the E1 frame format of standard again, finish transfer of data.Wherein the E1 framer has multiple special chip, and this function can be finished by special chip.
Through above-mentioned processing, promptly finished MPEG-2 and transmitted the transmission of stream on a plurality of E1 channels.Handle comparatively simple at receive direction to the reception of data and the recovery of code stream, as shown in Figure 6: only need earlier the TS bag that sends from each E1 channel to be compiled, according to the additional information that is included in each TS bag the removal that all TS that receives bags carry out sequence recovery and additional information byte is handled again, can be recovered original MPEG-2 and transmit stream.
Provide a kind of form when TS bag is carried out encapsulation process again below, comprise the packet format definition after the encapsulation again and the definition of additional information byte format:
One, packet format: will increase M byte than raw footage through the TS packet length after the encapsulation process again, wherein M is the additional information byte number.
Two, additional information byte format: the additional information byte is divided three classes by the information content that is comprised.
1, channel information byte comprises the channel number information of current TS bag place E1 channel and current transmission channel user mode information (as total how many road E1 channels, which road being arranged in use).Because the E1 channel number is a variate, so the byte number of channel information byte will be different length according to concrete application also.
2, packet number byte, the TS bag that is used for being transmitted in whole transmission stream is numbered the packet number that process current TS bag is obtained, and wherein the cycle period of packet number can carry out different definition (for example be defined as from 0～255 circulation and increase progressively) according to actual conditions when specific implementation.The binary coding of packet number transmits in X byte respectively be evenly divided into the X part by a certain fixedly bit number (for example per 4 bit) after, and all will do Cyclic Redundancy Check to the packet number information that it comprised in each byte.
3, reserve bytes: reserve bytes keeps to function in the future as reserved resource expands use.
Fig. 7 is to be example specifying described form of wrapper again and additional information byte format with 4 road E1 channel application.
In the form of encapsulation additional information again at 4 road E1 channels, the bag of the TS after the encapsulation becomes 192 bytes by 188 original bytes again, and 4 bytes that have more are the additional information byte, and specifying of information that each byte comprises is as follows:
Additional information byte 1:
Bit7, bit6:2bit indicating channel numbering (00,01,10,11)
Bit5, bit4:2bit indicating channel numbering (00,01,10,11)
Bit7, bit6 and bit5, the indicated information of bit4 are used to indicate the data of current TS bag by which E1 channel are carried.00 expression the 1 road E1 channel; 01 expression the 2 road E1 channel; 10 expressions the 3 road E1 channel; 11 expressions the 4 road E1 channel; The verification each other of the data of bit7, bit6 and bit5, bit4, the two should be identical, if inequality, illustrates then to occur error code in the transmission course that it is invalid that this information is regarded as.
Bit3～bit0 indicates the user mode of current channel, shows the 1st, 3,4 road E1 channels in use as 1011, and the 2 road E1 channel is not used.This information and channel number information be used the flexible configuration that can realize E1 channel way, promptly be used for multiplexing E1 channel and can from 1 the road to 4 the tunnel dynamically change, and receiving terminal can be accomplished automatic adaptation according to the information of additional information byte 1.
Additional information byte 2:
Bit7～bit4: a packet number high position
The CRC check position of bit3～bit1:bit7～bit4.
Bit0: keep.
Additional information byte 3:
Bit7～bit4: packet number low level
The CRC check position of bit3～bit1:bit7～bit4.
Bit0: keep.
The packet number information that comprises the current TS bag in additional information byte 2 and the additional information byte 3.Packet number is 8, and numerical value increases progressively from 0～255 circulation.Additional information byte 2 comprises the high 4 of packet number, and additional information byte 3 comprises low 4 of packet number.Each TS wraps in output and the time is numbered successively sequentially and increases packet number information, just can recover the original order that each TS of never transmitting with the path wraps according to packet number information at receiving terminal like this.Because receiving terminal comes code stream is recovered by packet number fully, the reliability of packet number in transmission course is most important, therefore the transmission of packet number is finished by 2 bytes, purpose is to increase Cyclic Redundancy Check to handle, to guarantee the reliability of packet number.
Wherein the CRC check that is adopted is (7,4) CRC check, and generator polynomial is:
G(x)＝x
3+x+1
All codeword list of CRC check are as follows:
0000?000 1000?101
0001?011 1001?110
0010?110 1010?011
0011?101 1011?000
0100?111 1100?010
0101?100 1101?001
0110?001 1110?100
0111?010 1111?111
Additional information byte 4: keep
Use when additional information byte 4 gives over to function expansion in the future and needs other additional informations of transmission, keep for the time being at present.
Claims (7)
1, motion image expert group 2 transmits the transmission method of stream, may further comprise the steps:
(1), is used to the motion image expert group 2 that transmits and transmits stream at first by the adaptive transmission stream that can be complementary with payload speed that becomes of code check adaptation procedure with current channel;
(2), be unit to the transmission stream after the coupling with the transport stream packet, in each transport stream packet, increase and be used for that code stream splits and the additional information of code stream recovery and carry out the Program Clock Reference adjustment;
(3), adjusted motion image expert group 2 is transmitted stream is that unit carries out code stream and splits and channel allocation with the transport stream packet, and its mean allocation to multichannel E1 channel, and is served the transmission network transmission by each road E1 channel,
Wherein:
The code stream split process is as follows: carry out in proper order to handling N road E1 channel output buffer from handling the 1 road E1 channel output buffer, finish when all N road E1 channel output buffers all reach set point;
Channel allocation is the E1 frame time cycle by the time cycle or interrupts triggering separately calling for the timing of E1 frame time cycle integral multiple;
(4), the transport stream packet in each the road E1 channel that receives on the transmission network is recovered, according to the additional information in each transport stream packet whole motion image expert group 2 is transmitted stream again and carry out code stream recovery processing, then original motion image expert group 2 is transmitted stream output
Wherein: handle as follows to the reception of data and the recovery of code stream: need earlier the transport stream packet that sends from each E1 channel to be compiled, the removal of all transport stream packet of receiving being carried out sequence recovery and additional information byte according to the additional information that is included in each transport stream packet is handled again.
2, motion image expert group 2 according to claim 1 transmits the transmission method of stream, it is characterized in that described step (1) code check adaptation procedure is as follows:
Whether in input block have motion image expert group 2 transmit flow data, if having then carry out Synchronous Processing if at first detecting; If input can not be synchronous, then carry out Synchronous Processing all the time, until input synchronously or the input block be sky;
If do not have motion image expert group 2 to transmit flow data in the input block, then go to the transmit buffer handling process;
Transmission flow data synchronously will be that unit moves to transmit buffer from the input block with the transport stream packet;
When transmit buffer was in less than set point, it is adaptive that the empty bag of needs filling carries out code check;
When transmit buffer finishes when enough empty Bao Erda equal set point having filled.
3, motion image expert group 2 according to claim 1 and 2 transmits the transmission method of stream, it is characterized in that it is motion image expert group 2 to be transmitted each transport stream packet that flows be numbered successively that described increase is used for code stream fractionation additional information, and the additional information byte of packet number as transport stream packet together transmitted with this bag.
4, motion image expert group 2 according to claim 3 transmits the transmission method of stream, it is characterized in that described to packet number information increase cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
5, motion image expert group 2 according to claim 3 transmits the transmission method of stream, it is characterized in that the additional information of supplementarys such as the current actual E1 number of channel of using, channel allocation situation as transport stream packet together transmitted.
6, motion image expert group 2 according to claim 2 transmits the transmission method of stream, it is characterized in that described set point is half-full state.
7, motion image expert group 2 according to claim 1 transmits the transmission method of stream, it is characterized in that: as follows to increasing the packet format be used for after code stream splits and code stream recovers the additional information in each transport stream packet: transport stream packet length will be by M byte of original byte increase, and wherein M is the additional information byte number;
To increase in each transport stream packet be used for that code stream splits and the additional information of code stream recovery after the additional information byte format as follows:
The channel information byte comprises the channel number information and the current transmission channel user mode information of current transport stream packet place E1 channel;
The packet number byte: the transport stream packet that is used for being transmitted in whole transmission stream is numbered the packet number that the current transport stream packet of process is obtained, the binary coding of packet number is after being evenly divided into the X part by a certain fixed number of bits, in X byte, transmit respectively, and in each byte, all will do cyclic redundancy check (CRC) the packet number information that it comprised;
Reserve bytes is used for keeping for function expansion in the future to use.
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| CNB021116016A CN1275467C (en) | 2002-04-29 | 2002-04-29 | Motion image expert group-2 transimitting flow transmitting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100461747C (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2009-02-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for adjusting code rate of code stream in multimedia |
| US8212693B2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2012-07-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Bit-stream processing/transmitting and/or receiving/processing method, medium, and apparatus |
| CN1972166B (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2011-05-25 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | An audio stream transport method of mobile multimedia broadcast system |
| CN101355682B (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2011-03-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for automatically regulating speed of whole network of wideband private wire conference television system |
| CN101686180A (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2010-03-31 | 华为技术有限公司 | Data transmission method, network node and data transmission system |
| CN102012865A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-04-13 | 威海威高电子工程有限公司 | Quantized data storage method |
| CN108040218A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-15 | 苏州科达科技股份有限公司 | The means of communication and communication apparatus of a kind of video conference |
| CN110099088B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2022-03-08 | 国广融合（北京）传媒科技发展有限公司 | Self-adaptive data transmission method based on fusion transmission system |
| CN113573104B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-05-23 | 北京数字电视国家工程实验室有限公司 | Method for branching and combining transmission code stream, code stream branching device, combining device and system |
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