CN1228938C - Method and apparatus for acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching in CDMA system - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching in CDMA system Download PDF

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CN1228938C
CN1228938C CNB021112002A CN02111200A CN1228938C CN 1228938 C CN1228938 C CN 1228938C CN B021112002 A CNB021112002 A CN B021112002A CN 02111200 A CN02111200 A CN 02111200A CN 1228938 C CN1228938 C CN 1228938C
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章苗
曹鹏志
曹峥
沈东�
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a device for acquiring correlative values in multi-path searching by multi-users in CDMA system. In the method of the present invention, input data are transmitted in sequence to the write terminal of a data buffer unit at a normal speed. Then the proper data corresponding to different users are read for many times from the data buffer unit by means of a high power operating clock and are transmitted to a correlator array and the local PN codes for gliding correlation. The correlative values of all phases which are needed by multi-users in multi-path search are acquired, and every user's multi-path can be determined according to the comparison of a certain algorithm to complete the multi-path search of different access users. The present invention provides a method and a device for acquiring correlative values rapidly, wherein a data buffer mechanism and an N*R correlation matrix structure which is matched with the buffer unit ensure that the device has the characteristics of high speed and high resource utilization when calculating a large amount of correlation results. The present invention is particularly suitable for processing the multi-path search during the access of a large number of users.

Description

The method and apparatus of acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching in the code division multiple access system
Technical field
The present invention relates to CDMA mobile communication systems, specifically, is a kind of method and apparatus of acquiring correlative value when in the code division multiple address communication system multi-user being carried out Multipath searching.
Background technology
Receiving terminal is to recover the transmission data by despreading in code division multiple access system, the prerequisite that despreading is correct is to set up between receiving terminal and the transmitting terminal accurately synchronously, thisly synchronously comprise that not only the timing of receiving terminal and transmitting terminal is synchronous, also comprise the detection of the path delay that signal produces through Channel Transmission.Because radio communication channel is the weak channel of a kind of multipath, the signal of this dissemination channel of process can produce multipath delay, and each directly has different transmission delay and weak.To the weak effective method of anti-multipath is that RAKE (multipath machine) receives, and is about to each footpath signal demodulation respectively, directly delays time and the weak back of proofreading and correct merges according to each again.Before receiving, RAKE must obtain the phase place of multipath to obtain synchronously by Multipath searching.And for the base station in the up link, needs and a plurality of user connect, so the Multipath searching of base station is at the multi-user.
Multipath searching is promptly by catching the phase place of importing user data with local PN sign indicating number (pseudo noise code) and the correlation energy information that user input data compares on each phase place at the enterprising line correlation of out of phase, then.The characteristic of wireless channel has caused the amplitude and the frequent acute variation of position meeting of multipath, therefore the real-time to Multipath searching requires than higher, wish to provide within a short period of time the result of Multipath searching, and in the time need carrying out Multipath searching, just wish that treatment circuit can provide higher speed or scale to a plurality of users that insert.Because the most of the time of search circuit is the correlation that is used to ask on each phase place, so the method and apparatus Scheme Selection of acquiring correlative value is very crucial for the speed of Multipath searching and the optimization of scale.
The conventional method of acquiring correlative value is in the multi-user multi-path searching: utilize the work clock that is higher than data rate directly the input data parallel to be handled, suppose that work clock is 16 times of data rate, then when number of users smaller or equal to 16 the time, need M correlator with regard to (supposing that each user requires to do relevant altogether on M position) much of that, but when inserting the user (the general requirement in base station possesses the ability that inserts 60 users simultaneously) above 16, just must do the identical circuit of many covers simultaneously by this parallel processing mode, circuit scale will be multiplied like this.
Chinese patent application number is 00111563, denomination of invention for " method and apparatus of code division multiple address communication system Multipath searching " is disclosed is: utilize a kind of adaptive threshold technology that can change, to output to a Multipath searching controller through the correlation behind the related operation and search for, handle the related operation result.But about how calculating correlated results, it has continued to use above-mentioned common method, promptly directly PN sign indicating number and input signal are made related operation, therefore, the realizability the when method of acquiring correlative value does not still have consideration to insert than the multi-user in this multi-user multi-path searching on scale and speed.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the excessive problem of circuit scale, proposed a kind of method and apparatus of code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching at multi-user multi-path searching acquiring correlative value in the prior art.
The method of a kind of code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching provided by the present invention, comprise the following steps: that the search precision of setting according to Multipath searching is that 1/N chip and hunting zone are 0~(R-1) chip, wherein, N, R is respectively natural number, then: the step of acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching is: will import data are sent into data buffer storage unit with the normal speed order the end that writes, after becoming data, N on each chip sampled data serial combination deposit in same address, all the time preserve the one piece of data of up-to-date input in the buffer unit, utilizing the high power work clock successively to read suitable data at different user again from data buffer storage unit sends in N the correlation module of correlator array and slides relevant with local PN sign indicating number, this suitable data is N the sampled data that is divided into by storage format on each address, the corresponding correlation that obtains on all required phase places of each user's Multipath searching, thus correlation asks for when finishing the different users' of access Multipath searching.
In the method for above-mentioned code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching, the correlation module of correlator array adopts the not sliding correlation method of shift of frameshit, all give the R in the corresponding correlation module individual multiple multiply accumulating unit simultaneously with each circuit-switched data that data buffer storage unit is come, promptly the PN sign indicating number sequence of a data sequence and different delayed time is done relevant, form the matrix array of N * R, on all need ask the position of correlation, carry out multiple multiply accumulating computing.
In the method for above-mentioned code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching, the multiple multiply accumulating computing of employed multiple multiply accumulating unit adopts method for simplifying to realize, promptly under the prerequisite that does not influence each phase place correlation energy information comparison, required correlated results all is multiplied by a complex factor α, α=[(1+j)/2] is to reduce the complexity of multiple multiply accumulating computing.
The present invention also provides a kind of device of code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching, be characterized in: this device comprises a data buffer storage unit, one local PN code generator and one comprises the correlator array of N correlation module, wherein: data buffer storage unit is realized by twoport ram (random-access memory), user data is sent into from the end that writes of buffer unit, leave on the same address of twoport ram after N on each chip the sampled data serial combination, the data of reading on each address are divided into N circuit-switched data and line output, give N correlation module in the correlator array respectively; Local PN code generator is used to produce the local PN sign indicating number sequence with the relevant usefulness of user data; Correlator array, form by N correlation module, each correlation module is respectively applied for to be finished this user skew and is the related operation on i+ (n-1)/N chip position, 0≤i≤R-1 wherein, the user data that buffer unit is read and do multiple multiply accumulating computing on R the phase place from the PN sign indicating number that local PN code generator generates, N correlation module obtains R * N correlation altogether, thereby just can determine this user's multipath by existing algorithm process.
The device of above-mentioned code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching, wherein: correlation module comprises R-1 register and R multiple multiply accumulating unit, the PN sign indicating number sequence that the PN code generator generates is passed through R-1 register successively, form R PN sign indicating number sequence, be that R-1 register link to each other to form one successively and longly be the delay line of R PN sign indicating number sequence, R on a delay line tap connects a multiple multiply accumulating unit respectively, is used to calculate the correlation of R 1 chip phase of being separated by successively.
The device of above-mentioned code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching, wherein: multiple multiply accumulating unit comprises that an input selector and coupled two add/subtracter, two add/subtracter is used for asking the real part and the imaginary part of correlated results respectively.
Adopt the present technique solution, the user data of input is not directly sent to the PN sign indicating number and is carried out related operation, but earlier it is sent into buffer unit, utilize N sampled data on the same chip that the high power clock reads from buffer unit to send into N road and the local PN sign indicating number related operation that slides, obtain the correlation on all phase places.Compared with prior art, the fast and hardware resource of speed of the present invention uses few, for example, when number of users smaller or equal to 16 the time, the present invention uses the hardware resource of identical scale, but for each user, finishes the time of once search and will lack a lot; When number of users greater than 16 the time, the present invention does not need to increase circuit scale, still only need M correlator, and each user finishes and once searches for the required time and also can not increase, have corresponding increase because of the increase of number of users the search time of just finishing all users, and this time generally is to surpass searching requirement (such as a Multipath searching that requires to finish in the frame to 60 users).So the present invention be a kind of fast and save the method and apparatus of the calculating correlated results of resource, be particularly useful for handling Multipath searching than the multi-user.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structured flowchart of acquiring correlative value device of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is structured flowcharts of the data buffer storage unit among Fig. 1;
Accompanying drawing 3 is structured flowcharts of the multiple multiply accumulating unit among Fig. 1.
Embodiment
One) the present invention is that example describes with multi-user multi-path searching acquiring correlative value device in the WCDMA system.
Earlier definition is hereinafter with the parameter of using: the precision of Multipath searching as 1/N chip (chip), hunting zone as 0chip~R-1 chip (common R chip), wherein, N, R are respectively natural number, the circuit working clock is a C times of chip clock, and search length is a L time slot.
As shown in Figure 1, this device comprises a PN code generator 501, a data buffer unit 201 and N the correlator array that correlation module 101 is formed.Multipath searching among the WCDMA is to utilize the frequency pilot sign of DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) among the DPCH (DPCH) partly to carry out, be definition like this to uplink special physical channel among the 3Gpp1 (3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) cooperation development institution 1): a frame is divided into 15 time slots, a time slot is divided into 10 symbol (symbol), the length of a symbol is 256 chip (chip), and for up DPCCH, the most frequently used time slot format is that preceding 6 symbol are frequency pilot sign in every time slot.Be the specific descriptions of multi-user multi-path searching acquiring correlative value device below:
1, data buffer storage unit 201: this unit is used for the input data of buffer memory certain-length, for correlator array provides suitable data input, realizes with twoport ram (random-access memory).We send into the serial input data of N times of chip speed sampling earlier in this buffer unit, N on each chip sampled data tandem compound leaves on the same address after becoming data, then with high power work clock reading from buffer memory, each data of reading to read on the address is divided into the parallel output of N data, gives N correlation module 101 in the correlator array respectively.This device mainly contains two characteristics: 1) write soon slowly and read, slowly write the cache way of reading soon and mainly contain following benefit: generally speaking, the work clock of circuit inside is all much larger than the speed of importing data, use and to write the speed that speed that the method for reading soon can make related operation no longer is subject to the data serial input slowly, also improve simultaneously the utilance of input data, very be fit to handle multi-user's searching requirement; 2) has the function of serial/parallel conversion, the processing of string and conversion is for suitable data input is provided to correlator array, its function is the data parallel output that the serial data of N times of chip speed of input is converted into C times of chip speed in N road (circuit internal work clock is a C times of chip speed), phase place differs 1/N chip successively between each circuit-switched data of output, and each road can provide the data input for a correlation module.Consideration about the buffer unit unit scale: the data of pressing the sampling of N times of chip speed that the buffer unit heap(ed) capacity of selecting for use can be stored (L+0.6) individual time slot (wherein, L=searches for timeslot number), so buffer memory can guarantee that what kind of skew user no matter gets, and can find complete from time slot head, the user data on (L-0.4) time slot continuously in buffer unit.Because Multipath searching is to utilize the frequency pilot sign on the DPCCH partly to carry out, and for up DPCCH, the most frequently used time slot format is that preceding 6 symbol are frequency pilot sign in every time slot, 1 time slot has 10 symbol, and the search length that requires is a L time slot, so need the valid data of (L-0.4) individual time slot at least, consider the peak excursion that the user is possible again, so buffer storage length should be (L+0.6) individual time slot at least.As for when the reading of data, the data of storing in the data buffer storage unit are available for the active user to be on earth for which time slot, is confirmable calculating.
2, correlator array: correlator array obtains the correlation of this user in the out of phase time-delay by user data with PN sign indicating number sequence relevant adding up within the specific limits.As shown in Figure 1, correlator array partly comprises N correlation module 101.Correlation module 101 is that length is the time-delay interlock circuit of R, comprises R-1 register 401, and R tap arranged, and is with a multiple multiply accumulating unit 301 in each tap, is used for the correlation on the parallel computation R phase place.The correlator array device of being made up of N correlation module can be finished N * R the correlation value calculation on the phase place altogether like this.Its course of work is described below: the data of reading from data buffer storage unit 201 are divided into the N road and deliver to 1 to N correlation module respectively, the PN sign indicating number sequence that PN code generator 501 generates is delivered to the high order end of the delay line of each correlation module, being used to of n correlation module correspondence finishes skew and is the related operation on i+ (n-1)/N chip phase place, 0≤i≤R-1, wherein 1≤n≤N.Correlation module adopts and to prolong sign indicating number and do not prolong table structure, and it is purpose for saving resource on the delay line that the PN sign indicating number has been delivered to, because generally speaking, the data width of data sequence is than big many of the data width of PN sign indicating number sequence.
3, multiple multiply accumulating unit 301: a multiple multiply accumulating unit correspondence is finished a related operation on the phase place in correlator array, its specific implementation structure as shown in Figure 3, multiple multiply accumulating unit comprises that an input selector 302 and coupled two add/subtracter 303.Some skills that this unit uses in implementation procedure can be simplified circuit scale greatly.Specifically describe as follows: the mathematic(al) representation of related operation is M=Npilot * 256 wherein, Npilot is the pilot tone number, (I D+ jQ D) for importing data, (I S+ jQ S) be the sign indicating number behind PN sign indicating number and the local pilot tone XOR.Because we are the phase places of catching the input user data by correlation energy information on each phase place relatively, so we are concerned about is relative size relation between the mould value of correlation, rather than the absolute size of correlation, so we consider that correlation all is multiplied by a complex factor α simplifies this computing, being multiplied by a complex factor and being to influence the relative size between correlated results mould value on each position.
When α=1:
Figure C0211120000092
I D, Q DFor 6bit wide, I S, Q S∈ (1 ,-1);
When α=[(1+j)/2]:
Figure C0211120000093
We illustrate at I by tabulating S, Q SDifference between S and S_ simplify under the various value condition:
Figure C0211120000094
I in the form relatively S, Q SThe difference that S and S_ simplify under the situation of various different values, can see, it is very simple that expression formula after the simplification becomes, realize angle from hardware, the realization of S needs four optional adders of plus-minus, and the realization that S_ simplifies only needs two optional adders of plus-minus, has reduced half on the scale.Because the Multipath searching correlator array is exactly the exampleization of a plurality of multiple multiply accumulating computing structures in fact, asking relevant on N * R position just needs N * R multiple multiply accumulating unit, so multiple multiply accumulating unit scale reduces to reduce to have played crucial effects for whole correlator array scale.
Two) the present invention is that example describes with multi-user multi-path searching acquiring correlative value method in the WCDMA system.
1, user data writes data buffer storage unit with the normal speed order, N on an every chip sampled data leaves on the same address of buffer unit, preserves the one piece of data (this data length depends on the capacity of buffer unit) of up-to-date input in the buffer unit all the time;
2, insert the user at certain and from buffer unit, read the required data of this user's Multipath searching, the reading clock adopts high power work clock (C times of chip clock), the data of reading on each address are divided into N the correlation module that N sampled data branch given correlator array, slide relevant with local PN sign indicating number, ask for the correlation on this user N * R phase place, N correlation module is respectively applied for to be finished this user's skew and is i+ (n-1)/locational related operation of N chip, wherein n be followed successively by 1,2 ..., N, 0≤i≤R-1.In correlation module, carry out multiple multiply accumulating computing in R tap, obtain being offset the correlation of being separated by on the phase place of a chip successively, this computing is not that PN sign indicating number and user data are directly carried out multiple multiply accumulating, but under the prerequisite that does not influence energy information comparison on each phase place, correlated results has been multiplied by a complex factor α (α=[(1+j)/2]), thereby simplified the computing of multiple multiply accumulating, save resource, made things convenient for realization;
3, we return the second top step after obtaining correlation on all phase places of this user, ask correlation on all required phase places of its Multipath searching at next user.To be sent to the correlation energy information that is used on each phase place of comparison as for these correlations of trying to achieve, thereby be determined this user's multipath information, be finished this user's Multipath searching;
4, just can try to achieve correlation on all phase places that insert users successively according to last step, finish all access users' Multipath searching successively.
In sum, main feature of the present invention is directly user data not to be used for Multipath searching, but before the Multipath searching earlier with user data cache, utilize the high power clock repeatedly to use data in the buffer memory to be used for the Multipath searching of different user then.The end input data that write at data buffer deposit in the normal speed serial always, all the time preserve the one piece of data (this data length depends on the capacity of buffer unit) of up-to-date input in the buffer, utilize the high power work clock to choose suitable one piece of data simultaneously and read to send into the correlator array and slide relevant to finish the different users' of access Multipath searching with local PN sign indicating number from buffer.The capacity of data buffer determines that according to the search precision and the search speed of system requirements this capacity must guarantee that the data in the buffer memory can supply all users finish the search of certain search length.Wherein correlator array adopts frameshit the method for shift and the correlation matrix structure of N * R that employing matches with buffer unit has not guaranteed that this device has the characteristics that speed is fast and the utilization of resources is high when a large amount of correlated results of calculating.Be particularly useful for handling the Multipath searching when inserting than the multi-user.

Claims (6)

1. the method for a code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching comprises the following steps: that the search precision of setting according to Multipath searching is that 1/N chip and hunting zone are 0~(R-1) chip, and wherein, N, R are respectively natural number,
Then: the step of acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching is:
The input data are sent into the end that writes of data buffer storage unit with the normal speed order; After becoming data, N on each chip sampled data serial combination deposit in same address; All the time preserve the one piece of data of up-to-date input in the buffer unit; Recycling high power work clock successively reads suitable data for different user and sends in N the correlation module of correlator array and slide relevant with local PN code from data buffer storage unit; These suitable data are N the sampled data that is divided into by storage format on each address
The corresponding correlation that obtains on all required phase places of each user's Multipath searching, thus correlation asks for when finishing the different users' of access Multipath searching.
2. the method for code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the correlation module of described correlator array adopts the not sliding correlation method of shift of frameshit, all give the R in the corresponding correlation module individual multiple multiply accumulating unit simultaneously with each circuit-switched data that data buffer storage unit is come, promptly the PN sign indicating number sequence of a data sequence and different delayed time is done relevant, form the matrix array of N * R, on all need ask the position of correlation, carry out multiple multiply accumulating computing.
3. the method for code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the multiple multiply accumulating computing of employed multiple multiply accumulating unit adopts method for simplifying to realize, promptly under the prerequisite that does not influence each phase place correlation energy information comparison, required correlated results all is multiplied by a complex factor α, α=[(1+j)/2] is to reduce the complexity of multiple multiply accumulating computing.
4. the device of a code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching, it is characterized in that: this device comprises that a data buffer storage unit, a local PN code generator and comprise the correlator array of N correlation module, wherein:
Data buffer storage unit is realized by twoport ram, user data is sent into from the end that writes of buffer unit, leave on the same address of twoport ram after N on each chip the sampled data serial combination, the data of reading on each address are divided into N circuit-switched data and line output, give N correlation module in the correlator array respectively;
Local PN code generator is used to produce the local PN sign indicating number sequence with the relevant usefulness of user data;
Correlator array, form by N correlation module, each correlation module is respectively applied for to be finished this user skew and is the related operation on i+ (n-1)/N chip position, 0≤i≤R-1 wherein, the user data that buffer unit is read and do multiple multiply accumulating computing on R the phase place from the PN sign indicating number that local PN code generator generates, N correlation module obtains R * N correlation altogether, thereby just can determine this user's multipath by existing algorithm process.
5. the device of code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described correlation module comprises R-1 register and R multiple multiply accumulating unit, the PN sign indicating number sequence that the PN code generator generates is passed through R-1 register successively, form R PN sign indicating number sequence, be that R-1 register link to each other to form one successively and longly be the delay line of R PN sign indicating number sequence, R on a delay line tap connects a multiple multiply accumulating unit respectively, is used to calculate the correlation of R 1 chip phase of being separated by successively.
6. the device of code division multiple access system acquiring correlative value when multi-user multi-path searching as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described multiple multiply accumulating unit comprises that an input selector and coupled two add/subtracter, two add/subtracter is used for asking the real part and the imaginary part of correlated results respectively.
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