CN1224978A - Context-based arithmetic encoding/decoding method and apparatus - Google Patents
Context-based arithmetic encoding/decoding method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An apparatus encodes a binary shape signal by using a modified context-based arithmetic encoding technique. The apparatus computes a context number of each binary pixel in the binary shape signal based on its corresponding context. Then, a probability corresponding to the context number is detected and a state of each binary pixel is determined by comparing the probability with a preset threshold value. Furthermore, a predicted pixel value corresponding to each binary pixel is decided based on the probability. The predicted pixel value is compared with an original pixel value of each binary pixel to thereby output a mapping value representing whether the predicted pixel value is identical to the original pixel value or not. The apparatus generates a first and a second sequences by rearranging the mapping values of the binary pixels in the binary shape signal according to the states of the binary pixels and assigns adaptive probability sets to the first and the second sequences, respectively. The first and the second sequences are arithmetically encoded based on the adaptive probability sets to thereby produce an encoded binary shape signal.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that is used for binary shape signal is carried out coding/decoding; And more specifically, relate to a kind of code efficiency that is used to strengthen binary shape signal based on contextual arithmetic encoding/decoding method and device.
The binary shape signal of representing the position of a target and shape can be expressed as the binary alpha block (BAB) (or video object plane) of 16 * 16 binary system pixels in the frame for example, and wherein each binary system pixel has 0 or 1 the binary value of for example representing a background pixels or a target pixel.BAB can be encoded by for example using the shape coding method based on bitmap based on the routine of contextual arithmetic coding (CAE) method.
For example, for (intra-frame) in the frame, the CAE method is encoded a current BAB in the conventional frame by using, and wherein each pixel in this current BAB is mathematically encoded according to context in the frame of being made up of one group of pixel selecting from a present frame.In other words, when this current BAB is encoded, be used to constitute context in this frame from the pixel of adjacent BAB.As shown in Figure 3, be used so that a current BAB who has the border to be provided for 2 border around the width of this current BAB.In Fig. 3, this pixel that has in the light gray zone of BAB on border is this current BAB part to be encoded, and this pixel that has in the black region of BAB on border is this edge pixel.Except those be marked with " 0 " decode time not by known to pixel, these pixels are to obtain from the BAB of previous coding and reconstruct.According to this current BAB that has the border, context is selected in this frame, as shown in fig. 1.Therefore, in Fig. 1, one has the pixel of shade, and promptly the pixel in this current BAB is by using context 10 in its frame, i.e. c0 to c9 and being encoded.
For interframe (inter-frame), this current BAB can be encoded by using interior CAE of frame or interframe CAE technology (being dependent on the coded data of the sort of technology generation less amount in these two kinds of technology).According to interframe CAE technology, represent that an error of the difference between each the predetermined candidate BAB of included it in this a current BAB and the previous frame is at first calculated, and a most similar candidate BAB and a motion vector found out by a motion estimation technique, wherein this most similar candidate BAB represents that one generates the candidate BAB of minimal error in these candidate BAB, and this motion vector is represented the displacement between this current BAB candidate BAB the most similar to this.Then, each pixel among this current BAB is mathematically encoded according to an interframe context and is represented that a motion vector difference (MVD) of the difference between this motion vector and the one motion vector predictor (MVDP) is encoded by using for example variable length code (VLC) scheme.Referring to Fig. 2 A and 2B, this interframe context is made up of the first subset of pixels 20A of the C0 to C3 among Fig. 2 A for example and for example two subsets of pixels of the second subset of pixels 20B of the C4 to C8 among Fig. 2 B, wherein this first subset of pixels be with frame among the CAE used similar manner selected by the pixel from present frame, and this second subset of pixels is selected from this previous frame according to this motion vector.That is, be used so that a BAB who has a passive movement compensation on border to be provided, as shown in Figure 4 for a border of 1 from the width of the detected BAB that centers on passive movement compensation of this previous frame by using this motion vector.In Fig. 4, this light gray zone corresponding to the BAB of this passive movement compensation this black region corresponding to this border.In case this BAB that has the passive movement compensation on border is determined, this the second subset of pixels 20B that includes binary system pixel C4 to C8 is had the passive movement compensation on border from this BAB selects, and wherein the pixel location of pixel C6 is equal to this position that has the pixel of shade.
Therefore, as mentioned above, context or interframe context are selected in the frame, and the context number that has shadow pixels among this current BAB is calculated according to its corresponding context.In case this context number that has shadow pixels is counted, probability corresponding to this context number is detected from a probability tables that includes the predetermined probability of distributing to variant context number, and this detected probability is mathematically encoded, thereby produces a binary shape signal that is encoded.The details of this CAE technology and this MVD is found in MPEG-4Video Verification Model Version 70, International Standards Organization, the coding of active images and related audio information.ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG97/N1642, Bristol, in April, 1997.
Although, in sending binary shape signal, still need a large amount of bits by using aforesaid conventional CAE technology to reduce bit number to be sent out.Therefore, still expectation further reduces bit number used in coding binary shape signal.
Therefore, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of and adaptively binary shape signal is encoded by using the adaptive arithmetic code technology, thereby has reduced the method and apparatus that sends data volume.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of being used for that the binary shape signal that comprises a plurality of binary block is carried out Methods for Coding, each binary block has M * N binary system pixel, M and N are respectively positive integer, and each binary system pixel has one of two outside and inner different binary values of representing respectively a target, this method includes step: the context number that (a) calculates a target pixel according to a respective contexts, and detection is corresponding to the probability of this context number, wherein this target pixel is one of binary system pixel in this binary block, and this context is to determine from binary system pixel processed before this target pixel; (b) compare to determine the state of this target pixel and the pixel value of prediction by probability and predetermined threshold with this target pixel; (c) compare the map value of calculating this target pixel by pixel value and its original pixel value that will predict, wherein whether the pixel value of this this prediction of map value representation equals this original pixel value; (d) repeating step (a) to (c) all binary system pixels in this binary block are all processed; (e) generation one is divided into the binary block of the rearrangement of first and second sequences, and wherein this first and second sequence is configured by according to its state these binary system pixels of this binary block being classified; And (f) this first and second sequence is mathematically encoded, thereby produce the binary shape signal that is encoded.
According to a second aspect of the invention, provide a kind of being used for that the binary shape signal that comprises a plurality of binary block is carried out apparatus for encoding, each binary block has M * N binary system pixel, M and N are respectively positive integer, and each binary system pixel has one of two outside and inner different binary values of representing respectively a target, this device comprises: computing unit counted in a context, be used for calculating the context number of a target pixel according to a respective contexts, and detect probability corresponding to this context number, wherein this context is to determine from binary system pixel processed before this target pixel; One status determining unit is used for determining the state of each binary system pixel and the pixel value of prediction by this probability and predetermined threshold are compared; One comparing unit; Be used for comparing by the pixel value that will predict and its original pixel value, calculate the map value of each binary system pixel, wherein whether the pixel value of this this prediction of map value representation equals this original pixel value; One rearranges the unit, is used to produce the binary block that a quilt that is divided into first and second sequences rearranges, and wherein this first and second sequence is configured by according to its state these binary system pixels of this binary block being classified; And an adaptive arithmetic code unit, be used for this first and second sequence is carried out arithmetic coding, thereby produce the binary shape signal that is encoded.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide a kind of being used for that a binary shape signal that is encoded is decoded, thereby provide the device of a decoded binary shape signal, comprise: a self adaptation arithmetic decoding unit, be used for the binary shape signal that this is encoded being decoded according to probability set, thereby decoded binary shape data that include first and second sequences are provided, wherein this first and this second sequence have the reflection value of the reconstruct of these binary system pixels; Computing unit counted in one context, be used for calculating the context number of each binary system pixel according to a respective contexts, and detect a probability corresponding to this context number, wherein this context is from being determined by the binary system pixel of reconstruct before this binary system pixel respectively; One status determining unit is used for by this probability and predetermined threshold value being compared the state that detects each binary system pixel and the pixel value of prediction; One selected cell is used in response to each binary condition, gets one of map value of these reconstruct for each binary system pixel from this first or second sequence; Reach one the unit is provided, be used for comparing a binary system pixel value of each binary system pixel of reconstruct by pixel value with the map value of this reconstruct of getting and this prediction, and sequence provide binary system pixel value corresponding to the reconstruct of these decoded binary shape data as this decoded binary shape signal.
By below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing description of preferred embodiments, above and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage will become obviously, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows model and context formation in the frame;
Fig. 2 A and 2B represent that an interframe model and context constitute;
Fig. 3 shows a current BAB who has the border;
Fig. 4 shows the BAB that a passive movement that has the border compensates;
Fig. 5 is according to of the present invention one block diagram based on contextual arithmetic coding device; And
Fig. 6 has provided according to of the present invention one block diagram based on contextual arithmetic decoding device.
Referring to Fig. 5, provide a block diagram based on contextual arithmetic coding device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
One binary shape signal includes a plurality of binary block, each binary block has M * N, for example 16 * 16 binary system pixels, and each binary system pixel comprise for example 1 or 0 the binary value of expression one target pixel or a background pixels, and wherein M and N are respectively positive integer.Each piece of this binary shape signal is transmitted to a memory cell 110 and deposits in wherein as a current binary block.Then, each the binary system pixel that deserves in the preceding binary block is provided for a comparing unit 140 as present picture element.
Simultaneously, context is counted computing unit 120 by using its corresponding context, context or an interframe context promptly or in the frame, with conventional CAE technology in used same way as calculate context number corresponding to each binary system pixel in the binary block before deserving.This context is counted computing unit 120 also according to the probability tables as having made in the prior art, detects the probability corresponding to this context number.This context number and probability thereof are offered a status determining unit 130 respectively as working as prior probability corresponding to a current context number and of pixel before deserving.
This status determining unit 130 will be counted comparing with a predetermined threshold to determine to have deserving preceding pixel and whether belonging to a kilter or a defective mode of this context number when prior probability of computing unit 120 from context.If this relatively in, deserve prior probability and be confirmed as more than or equal to this predetermined threshold, pixel be judged as kilter before deserving, otherwise pixel be confirmed as defective mode before deserving.The condition indicative signal of the state of pixel was to comparing unit 140 before this status determining unit 130 transmissions one expression was deserved.This status determining unit 130 also will offer this comparing unit 140 corresponding to a prediction pixel value of pixel before deserving.This prediction pixel value was by predicting threshold value by prior probability and, and for example 1/2nd values of maximum probability compare and are determined.According to this probability tables by considering that a binary value 0 is for example determined, if should predict threshold value more than or equal to this by prior probability, binary 0 is determined, otherwise a binary value 1 is judged as this prediction pixel value.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, this threshold value can have two grades, and for example a high-grade and inferior grade is to determine the state of a binary system pixel.In other words, if it is high-grade or less than this inferior grade, pixel be judged as kilter before deserving more than or equal to this to deserve prior probability, otherwise, if it is high-grade and more than or equal to this inferior grade, pixel be confirmed as defective mode before deserving less than this promptly to deserve prior probability.
Then, comparing unit 140 will compare from status determining unit 130 prediction pixel value that transmits and the present picture element value that provides from memory cell 110.If in comparison, this prediction pixel value and deserve before pixel value be confirmed as being equal to mutually, this comparing unit 140 with a map value " 0 " distribute to deserve before pixel, otherwise, pixel before a map value " 1 " is assigned to and deserves.The present picture element information that comprises this map value and this condition indicative signal is transmitted to a rearrangement unit 150.
Above-mentioned processing repeats all the binary system pixels in the binary block before deserving, then, the present picture element information of each binary system pixel by sequence offer this rearrangement unit 150.
This rearranges the present picture element information of all binary system pixels in the current binary block of unit 150 storages and in response to the condition indicative signal of their correspondences, by rearrange deserve before map value in the pixel information produce first and second sequences.This first sequence comprises that this second sequence comprises the map value corresponding to the binary system pixel that is confirmed as defective mode corresponding to the map value of the binary system pixel that is confirmed as kilter.This rearrangement unit 150 is also counted the number of the map value " 0 " in first and second sequences, and the number of counting is offered a probability set determining unit 160.
This probability set determining unit 160 rearranges the counting that derive unit 150 by using from this, detects the optimal probability collection corresponding to first and second sequences respectively, and which probability set is detected selection signal to produce an expression.This selection signal is encoded and offers a multiplexer 180 by circuit L10 then.And this optimal probability collection is fed to an adaptive arithmetic code unit 170 through circuit L20.
According to the present invention, along with the increase of counting, distribute to a probability and become big, and a probability of distributing to the map value with numeral 1 diminishes with numeral map value of 0.
Adaptive arithmetic code unit 170 is according to this optimal probability collection that provides from this probability set determining unit 160 via line L20, by using known arithmetic coding technology to come first and second sequences are encoded, thereby provide the binary data that is encoded to multiplexer 180.
At multiplexer 180, from this binary data that is encoded of adaptive arithmetic code unit 170 and from this selection signal that is encoded of probability set determining unit 160 by multiplexed, thereby produce one be encoded two say that the system shape signal is to be sent out by a transmitter (not shown).
In Fig. 6, provide according to a preferred embodiment of the invention a block diagram based on contextual arithmetic decoding device.
This binary shape signal that is encoded that is sent out by a transmitting channel is transfused to a demultiplexer 200.
This demultiplexer 200 is divided into the binary data that a selection signal and that is encoded is encoded with this binary shape signal that is encoded.The selection signal one circuit L40 that this is encoded is transmitted to a probability set determining unit 210, and the binary data that this is encoded is provided for a self adaptation arithmetic decoding unit 220 by a circuit L30.
210 pairs of these selection signals that are encoded of this probability set determining unit are decoded, to produce a decoded selection signal and in response to this decoded selection signal-detection probability collection.
This self adaptation arithmetic decoding unit 220 is according to the probability set of this detection, by using with used based on the corresponding known binary data that this is encoded being decoded of contextual arithmetic technology in adaptive arithmetic code unit 170 based on contextual arithmetic decoding technology, and this decoded binary data that will include first and second sequences offers a memory cell 230, wherein this first sequence has the decoded map value of the binary system pixel that is confirmed as kilter, and second sequence comprises the decoded map value of the binary system pixel that is judged as defective mode.This decoded binary data of being made up of first and second sequences is stored in the memory cell 230.
Simultaneously, context is counted computing unit 240 by use its context from being selected by the binary system pixel of reconstruct before this processing binary system pixel, calculates the context number of handling the binary system pixel corresponding to one of each the binary system pixel that comprises in the binary block before deserving.Count this context number that calculates in the computing unit 240 at context and be transmitted to a status determining unit 250.
This status determining unit 250 is at first found out the probability corresponding to the context number of counting computing unit 240 derivation from context, and judges the state of this processing binary system pixel by this probability is compared with this predetermined threshold based on described in the contextual arithmetic device in Fig. 5.Therefore, if this probability more than or equal to this predetermined threshold, this processing binary system pixel is confirmed as kilter.Otherwise this processing binary system pixel is judged as defective mode.This status determining unit 250 produces an expression this is handled a condition indicative signal of the definite good or defective mode of binary system pixel.And, according among Fig. 5 based on probability illustrated in the contextual arithmetic device, detect this processing binary system pixel one the prediction pixel value.This prediction pixel value and this condition indicative signal are provided for one and rearrange unit 260.
This rearranges unit 260 in response to the condition indicative signal from status determining unit 250 outputs, gets a map value in first or second sequence of storage from memory cell 230.In other words, if this condition indicative signal is represented kilter, first sequence that this rearrangement unit 260 is stored from memory cell 230 is got this map value, if and this condition indicative signal is represented defective mode, detect this map value in the map value that from second sequence that memory cell 230, keeps, comprises.Then, this rearrangement unit 260 by with this map value with compare the binary system pixel value that reconstruct should processing binary system pixel from this prediction pixel value of status determining unit 250.If this map value has numeral 0, this prediction pixel value is fixed to the pixel value of this reconstruct.Otherwise if promptly this map value has numeral 1, an inverted binary value of this prediction pixel value is confirmed as the pixel value of this reconstruct.The pixel value of each reconstruct is output as a decoded binary shape signal.
All pixel values that repeat above-mentioned decoding processing binary block before deserving are by reconstruct.
Although invention has been described with reference to specific embodiment, for those skilled in the art, obviously can under the prerequisite that does not break away from by the spirit of the present invention of claims definition and scope, make various variations and remodeling.
Claims (15)
1, a kind of being used for carried out Methods for Coding to the binary shape signal that comprises a plurality of binary block, each binary block has M * N binary system pixel, M and N are respectively positive integer, and each binary system pixel has one of two outside and inner different binary values of representing respectively a target, and this method includes step:
(a) calculate the context number of a target pixel according to a respective contexts, and detection is corresponding to the probability of this context number, wherein this target pixel is one of binary system pixel in this binary block, and this context is to determine from binary system pixel processed before this target pixel;
(b) compare to determine the state of this target pixel and the pixel value of prediction by probability and predetermined threshold with this target pixel;
(c) compare the map value of calculating this target pixel by pixel value and its original pixel value that will predict, wherein whether the pixel value of this this prediction of map value representation equals this original pixel value;
(d) repeating step (a) to (c) all binary system pixels in this binary block are all processed;
(e) generation one is divided into the binary block of the rearrangement of first and second sequences, and wherein this first and second sequence is configured by according to its state these binary system pixels of this binary block being classified; And
(f) this first and second sequence is mathematically encoded, thereby produce the binary shape signal that is encoded.
2, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that step (b) includes step:
(b11) by this probability is compared with first predetermined threshold, one kilter or defective mode are distributed to this target pixel, if wherein this probability is more than or equal to this first predetermined threshold, this target pixel is confirmed as kilter, otherwise this target pixel is judged as defective mode; And
(b12), provide this prediction pixel value of this target pixel by this probability is compared with second predetermined threshold.
3, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that step (b) includes step:
(b21) by this probability is compared with first and second predetermined thresholds, one kilter or defective mode are distributed to this target pixel, if wherein this probability is more than or equal to first predetermined threshold, or less than second predetermined threshold, this target pixel is confirmed as kilter, otherwise this target pixel is judged as defective mode; And
(b22), provide this prediction pixel value of this target pixel by this probability is compared with the 3rd predetermined threshold.
4, according to the method for claim 2 or 3, wherein, in step (c), if this prediction pixel value equals this original pixel value, this map value has a binary value 0, otherwise this map value has a binary value 1.
5, according to the method for claim 4, wherein step (f) includes step:
(f1) number of the map value 0 in counting first and second sequences, thus this counting is provided;
(f2) by using this counting, detect the probability set that corresponds respectively to first and second sequences; And
(f3) by using those probability sets, first and second sequences are carried out arithmetic coding, thereby export the binary shape signal that this is encoded.
6, according to the method for claim 5, wherein along with this counting increases, a bigger probability is assigned to map value 0 and a littler probability corresponding to map value 1.
7, a kind of being used for carried out apparatus for encoding to the binary shape signal that comprises a plurality of binary block, each binary block has M * N binary system pixel, M and N are respectively positive integer, and each binary system pixel has one of two outside and inner different binary values of representing respectively a target, and this device comprises:
Calculation element counted in one context, is used for calculating according to a respective contexts context number of a target pixel, and detect the probability corresponding to this context number, and wherein this context is to determine from binary system pixel processed before this target pixel;
One state is determined device, is used for determining the state of each binary system pixel and the pixel value of prediction by this probability and predetermined threshold are compared;
One comparison means; Be used for comparing by the pixel value that will predict and its original pixel value, calculate the map value of each binary system pixel, wherein whether the pixel value of this this prediction of map value representation equals this original pixel value;
One rearranges device, is used to produce the binary block that a quilt that is divided into first and second sequences rearranges, and wherein this first and second sequence is configured by according to its state these binary system pixels of this binary block being classified; And
One adaptive arithmetic code device is used for this first and second sequence is carried out arithmetic coding, thereby produces the binary shape signal that is encoded.
8,, should determine wherein that device comprised according to the device of claim 7:
Device, be used for by this probability is compared with first predetermined threshold, one kilter or defective mode are distributed to described each binary system pixel, if wherein this probability is more than or equal to this first predetermined threshold, described each binary system pixel is confirmed as kilter, otherwise described each binary system pixel is judged as defective mode; And
Device is used for providing this prediction pixel value of described each binary system pixel by this probability is compared with second predetermined threshold.
9,, should determine wherein that device comprised according to the device of claim 7:
Device, be used for by this probability is compared with first and second predetermined thresholds, one kilter or defective mode are distributed to described each binary system pixel, if wherein this probability is more than or equal to first predetermined threshold, or less than second predetermined threshold, described each binary system pixel is confirmed as kilter, otherwise described each binary system pixel is judged as defective mode; And
Device is used for providing this prediction pixel value of described each binary system pixel by this probability is compared with the 3rd predetermined threshold.
10, according to Claim 8 or 9 device, if wherein this prediction pixel value equals this original pixel value, this map value has a binary value 0, otherwise this map value has a binary value 1.
11, according to the device of claim 10, wherein this code device comprises:
Device is used for counting the number of the map value 0 of first and second sequences, thereby this counting is provided;
Device is used for by using this counting, detects to correspond respectively to the probability set of first and second sequences and provide one to represent which probability set is detected selection signal; And
Device is used for by using those probability sets first and second sequences being carried out arithmetic coding, thereby exports the binary shape signal that this is encoded.
12, according to the device of claim 11, wherein along with this counting increases, a bigger probability is assigned to binary system pixel with map value 0 and a littler probability corresponding to the binary system pixel with map value 1.
13, a kind of being used for decodes to a binary shape signal that is encoded, thereby the device of a decoded binary shape signal is provided, and comprising:
One self adaptation arithmetic decoding device, be used for this binary shape signal that is encoded is decoded, thereby decoded binary shape data that include first and second sequences are provided, wherein this first and this second sequence have the reflection value of the reconstruct of these binary system pixels;
Calculation element counted in one context, be used for calculating the context number of each binary system pixel according to a respective contexts, and detect a probability corresponding to this context number, wherein this context is from being determined by the binary system pixel of reconstruct before this binary system pixel respectively;
One state is determined device, is used for by this probability and predetermined threshold value being compared the state that detects each binary system pixel and the pixel value of prediction;
One choice device is used in response to each binary condition, gets one of map value of these reconstruct for each system pixel from this first or second sequence; And
One generator, be used for comparing a binary system pixel value of each binary system pixel of reconstruct by pixel value with the map value of this reconstruct of getting and this prediction, and sequence provide binary system pixel value corresponding to the reconstruct of these decoded binary shape data as this decoded binary shape signal.
14, according to the device of claim 13, wherein this decoding device basis and identical probability set used in the encoder that the binary shape signal that is encoded is provided are decoded to this binary shape signal that is encoded.
15, according to the device of claim 14,, otherwise from this second sequence, detect the map value of this reconstruct of getting if the state of wherein described each binary system pixel corresponding to first sequence, is selected the map value of this reconstruct of getting from this first sequence.
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| WO2007014509A1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-08 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Context-based adaptive arithmetic decoding system and apparatus |
| CN100349379C (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2007-11-14 | 株式会社Ntt都科摩 | System and method for arithmetic encoding and decoding |
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