CN1205816A - Coexisting communication systems - Google Patents
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- CN1205816A CN1205816A CN 96199098 CN96199098A CN1205816A CN 1205816 A CN1205816 A CN 1205816A CN 96199098 CN96199098 CN 96199098 CN 96199098 A CN96199098 A CN 96199098A CN 1205816 A CN1205816 A CN 1205816A
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Abstract
An integrated communication system supporting multiple TDMA or TDD communication protocols, and includes means for selectively communicating according to either protocol. Each protocol defines time frames and/or time slots of a different duration, from which is derived a composite time frame (925) having a predefined timing structure. A first base station unit (104) communicates in a first set of time slots of the composite time frame according to a first TDMA or TDD protocol, and a second base station unit (104) (which may be collocated with the first base station unit) communicates in a second set of time slots of the composite time frame according to a second TDMA or TDD protocol. Coordinating electronics (such as a GPS receiver in one or both base station units) are provided so as to prevent collisions between communications occurring between each base station unit and its respective users. In a particular embodiment, a first protocol is GSM protocol, and a second protocol is a TDD protocol utilizing spread spectrum techniques. The TDD protocol is structured so that each time slot is twice the duration of a GSM time slot, and each time frame is four times the duration of a GSM time frame. The system may comprise a number of 'stacked' base stations in a single cell, each operating over a different frequency or using different spreading codes.
Description
The invention belongs to the field of two kinds of different communication methods and coexistence, relate to the coexistence of spread spectrum tdma communication system and gsm communication system more precisely.
Ever-increasing needs of radio communication are flexibly caused various development that distributes the available communication bandwidth technology between the stable many wireless service users that increase.Have a kind of between base station and set of subscriber stations the technology of allocate communications bandwidth be to adopt time division multiple access (TDMA), communication therein be in time separately to avoid conflict.In the communication system that adopts the TDMA technology, the time frame of repetition can be divided into many littler time quantums, or time slot, and communicating by letter between base station and subscriber station just carried out in the time slot of being assigned.
The technology of other allocate communications bandwidth comprises frequency division multiple access (FDMA), and communication is to carry out on different frequency therein; Code division multiple access (CDMA), communication therein are to adopt different sign indicating numbers to carry out.
The modification of above technology also comprises Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).Be meant a kind of technology of setting up full-duplex communication at this used FDD, its existing forward direction has the path that oppositely separates again on frequency; TDD is meant a kind of technology of setting up full-duplex communication, and its existing forward direction has the path that oppositely separates in time again.Various employing FDD, TDD, FDMA, CDMA, and/or the system of TDMA combination also proposes.
A kind of special FDD/TDMA system that is using is global system for mobile communications (" GSM ").According to GSM standard, communicating by letter between base station and the subscriber station is to carry out in time frame, and a time frame is divided into eight time periods or time slot, and different subscriber stations can be in each time slot and base station communication, two subscriber stations can not be arranged at same time slot and base station communication.GSM standard comprises uses two kinds of different frequency ranges, and the base station sends on first frequency range, and subscriber station sends on second frequency range.Subscriber station sends the several time slots in hysteresis base station, and this is especially because of the propagation delay of base station to subscriber station.
Transmission and reception between gsm protocol regulation remote equipment, generally speaking, be suitable for the communication of quite high data rate, except in Europe being a kind of unified standard, and distributed outside the frequency range about a 1.9GHz, gsm protocol is tested, uses and feels very firm, makes the equipment and the system that use European gsm protocol that a basic installation basis be arranged.Yet, not being assigned to a special bandwidth at U.S.'s gsm protocol, it can be used in some bandwidth of not speciallyying permit, and is a kind of standard that some telephone system operator adopts, and they are in order to seek and compatibility by the subscriber station of European GSM configuration.
Some other communication system adopts a kind of technology that is called spread spectrum communication, sending signal therein is wider than on the frequency band that sends data bandwidth by spread spectrum to, in spread spectrum communication, typical way be with a kind of pseudorandom sheet sign indicating number to data signal modulation, produce a kind of by the spread spectrum transmission signal on the quite wide bandwidth extremely.The transmission signal has low spectrum density and for the people who does not know this sheet sign indicating number, it looks similarly to be noise basically.Therefore, spread spectrum communication has increased the fail safe of the information of transmission, reduced with other sensitive wireless device of using on every side between mutual interference mutually.
Because the character of spread spectrum signal, in order to recover original data, must in receiver, remove spread spectrum to the spread spectrum signal that receives, for example, in a kind of spread spectrum technology, the spread spectrum that goes of spread spectrum signal is that the signal that will receive carries out relevant the realization with a kind of reference code, this sign indicating number be with transmission information before the pseudo noise code that in receiver, the data coding adopted be complementary.After initial relevant finishing, must keep synchronously so that mate with the method for following the tracks of input signal usually with local reference code.Spread spectrum communication in the TDMA environment, carried out (as, see United States Patent (USP) NO.5,455,822, the submission date: 1995.10.3).
The general considerations of wireless communication system is that the user of any system is transportable, and they can leave their supplier's the area of coverage, enters the area that the supplier can not cover.For example, bought a user who overlaps based on the GSM unit for one and may travel to the U.S., and found not have the communication system of support based on gsm system.Equally, a user has bought one and has been enclosed within the unit of working in the spectrum-expanding communication system, and he may travel and walk out the geographic range that system supplier provides service.Though in different places and different system communication, the user can have several different equipment (for example mobile phone) and solve this problem, yet the changing-over between the mobile phone is a trouble, inconvenient, cost is also high.Therefore, in order to be easy to store and transportation, the consumer requires to provide the mobile phone that size is less, weight is lighter.
The existence that can serve the various communication system multiplicities of different and geographic range that may be overlapping has caused and will continue to cause the unnecessary hardware of base station and supporting network binding site to dispose, mutual interference possible mutually between unnecessary user's hardware and adjacent wireless supplier.Simultaneously, honeycomb fashion and wireless user's number continue to increase, and to providing more senior wireless data to transmit service, for example the requirement of radio facsimile and other similar service also continues to increase thus.
Therefore, it is favourable that a kind of communication system that can increase the flexibility that the user changes and do not need to buy additional hardware between various communication systems is provided, and it will be more useful by the communication system of any and telex network in two kinds of agreements that a kind of permission is provided.A kind of method is provided, two kinds of communication protocols are integrated in an overlapping geographic area, it will be more favourable adopting in two kinds of communication protocols any phase mutual interference that alleviates the user.A kind of method is provided, will by user's requirement dynamically the allocate communications resource any will be more favourable in two kinds of different communication protocol, a kind of communication system is provided, permission is compatible gsm protocol and a kind of alternative agreement in a geographic area, and the user of two kinds of agreements of increase flexibility geographically will be more favourable.
Some aspect of the present invention comprises a kind of integrated communication system of supporting multiple communication protocol.In a most preferred embodiment, communication is to carry out according in two kinds of different TDMA or the TDD agreement any, and comprises according to any agreement communicating devices selectively.In this embodiment, the time slot of every kind of protocol definition time frame and/or various durations, and overlapping by the ratio of predesignating.This integrated system becomes once only telex network synchronously, has therefore avoided conflict.This system can comprise the base station of many " accumulations " in single honeycomb, each is operated in different frequencies or uses different spread-spectrum codes.Therefore, for a given honeycomb, maximum potential user capacity is an available frequencies, the function of the quantity of time slot and sign indicating number.
Invention on the other hand, a kind of integrated base stations comprises by first base station unit of first kind of TDMA or the work of TDD agreement with by second base station unit of second kind of TDMA or the work of TDD agreement, first base station unit is operated in geographic area identical or that cover with second base station unit, and reservation target electronic equipment (for example GPS receiver in one or two base station) is arranged, clash when having avoided each base station unit like this with telex network separately.In a kind of certain embodiments, two base station units are fitted together, and use same antenna or same set of antenna jointly.
According to a most preferred embodiment, first kind of agreement is gsm protocol, and second kind of agreement is the TDD agreement, uses spread spectrum technology.The structure of TDD agreement is the duration that each time slot doubles the GSM time slot, and each time frame is four times in the duration of GSM time frame.Two kinds of agreements are synchronous by a common synchronizing signal.For the user of TDD agreement, spread spectrum communication is set up after can being responded the General Query message that is sent out by the TDD base station unit and carried out handshake process in an available time slot by the user.Also provide a control channel of separating for the GSM gateway.
In still another aspect of the invention, a kind of assembly time frame is defined as the part time slot and the part time slot of distributing to second kind of agreement of the assembly time frame of distributing to first kind of agreement.The time slot of distributing to every kind of agreement can be an adjacency, can not be adjacency also.The structure of assembly time frame has been programmed in the integrated base stations, therefore, each base station unit is just known the relative position of the time slot of distributing to it in advance, and each base station unit is managed the time slot of distributing to it independently, be responsible for to use its agreement to set up and keep and the communicating by letter of subscriber station independently.In another embodiment of the present invention, dynamically distribute time slot according to user's needs.
Other modification and the embodiment that substitutes also will be described at this.
Following will be better appreciated by various purpose feature and advantage of the present invention after the detailed description to most preferred embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by consulting, wherein:
Fig. 1 is honeycomb pattern figure in the wireless communication system.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of communication system.
The timing pattern schematic diagram that Fig. 3 draws according to existing GSM standard.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of transmitter and receiver in the spectrum-expanding communication system.
Fig. 5 is the cellular configuration figure in the wireless communication system, shows a kind of exemplary sign indicating number and channeling pattern on the figure.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that a time frame is divided into many time slots.
Fig. 7 is a kind of alternative timing architecture figure, shows the structure that a time frame is divided into many time slots.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of a kind of agreement of setting up the spread spectrum communication path in a kind of particular communication system.
Fig. 9 A is that Fig. 9 B is respectively that the structure chart of message and the structure chart that subscriber station transports message are transported in the base station in identical TDMA agreement with 9C according to a kind of time slot preferred structure figure of specific TDMA agreement.
Figure 10 A-10C is the preferred query messages format chart that is used to relate to the TDMA agreement of Fig. 9 A-9C.
Figure 11 A and 11B are preferred message paragraph format figure who is used to relate to the TDMA agreement of Fig. 9 A-9C.
Figure 12 A and 12B are respectively base station information bag and the subscriber station packets of information that is used to relate to the TDMA agreement of Fig. 9 A-9C.
Figure 13 is the integrated base stations figure according to a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the timing diagram of two kinds of different communication protocol timing architectures of comparison.
Figure 15 is a kind of assembly time frame timing diagram with respect to Figure 14 communication protocol timing architecture.
Figure 16 is a kind of different assembly time frame timing diagram with respect to Figure 14 communication protocol timing architecture.
Figure 17 A and 17B are the assembly time frames of two kinds of communication protocols of expression Figure 14, the demand migration table of possible time slot allocation.
Figure 18 is the timing diagram that time slot clock and frame clock waveform are shown.
Figure 19 is a kind of frequency channelization plan of specific TDD communication system, and Figure 20 is the frequency channelization plan of gsm communication system.
Figure 21 and Figure 22 are for a kind of specific embodiment, express the frequency channelization graph of a relation of the communication system with Figure 19 and 20 frequency channelization plans.
Figure 23 is the frequency utilization figure that is illustrated in a part of frequency spectrum during the non-GSM time slot of an assembly time frame.
Figure 24 A illustrates Fig. 7 time frame structure of the empty time slot of use and the timing relation figure between the GSM time frame structure; Figure 24 B is a kind of assembly time frame figure that illustrates with respect to Figure 24 A timing architecture.
Figure 25 is a kind of integrated base stations figure with dynamic slot distribution capability.
Figure 26 is time frame " combination " time frame figure that draw and that have insertion condition time slot that illustrates by two kinds of agreements.
Figure 27 is " combination " time frame figure that comprises many time slots of two kinds of different agreements, does not consider the time frame structure of two kinds of agreements.
Fig. 1 is the honeycomb pattern figure at a kind of wireless communication system of 102 communications of many subscriber stations.The wireless communication system 101 of Fig. 1 comprises many honeycombs 103, base station 104 of each cellular band, give priority in arranging for/or near the center of honeycomb 103.Most station (base station 104 and subscriber station 102) generally includes a receiver and a transmitter, in a kind of optimum implementation, control station 105 (being referred to as " base station controller " sometimes at this) also comprises a receiver and a transmitter, the resource of management system 101.
Fig. 2 is the communication system architecture block diagram that adopts in the preferred embodiment of the invention.Fig. 2 communication system comprises a plurality of base stations 104 of communicating by letter with many subscriber stations 102.Follow the regulations of Federal Communications Committee (FCC) regulation, base station 104 and subscriber station 102 can be operated among the PCS Personal Communications System (PCS).
Preferably be coupled on the base station controller 105 by any communication path 109 each base station 104, each comprises one or more communication lines 118 communication path 109, and each communication line 118 can comprise coaxial cable, fiber optic cables, digital radio electric line, or telephone line.Each base station controller 105 preferably is linked on one or more communication networks 126, such as public switched telephone network (PSTN) or PCS Personal Communications System switching center (PCSC), this can realize by one or more communication lines 108, each communication line can comprise coaxial cable, fiber optic cables, digital radio electric line, or telephone line.
Fig. 2 communication system also can comprise one or more " intellectuality " base station 107, and it can directly be linked on the communication network 126, does not need by base station controller 106 interfaces.In order to deliver with changing-over subscriber station 102 on the spot rather than directly carry out these functions on network 126, intelligent base station 107 is with base station controller 105 bypasses.
At work, each base station 104 formatting and digital information sent to separately base station controller 105 (perhaps directly delivering to network 126 under the situation of intelligent base station 107).The input that base station controller 105 receives by multiple base station 104 helps to deliver between the base station 104, and conversion and layout channel information signal for the information that sends to network 126.If desired, base station controller 105 also can be managed local cache VLR database, also can support basic operation, carries out and management (OA ﹠amp; M) function for example, is presented the bill, monitoring and test.Each base station controller 105, preferential management is registered and verification with this locality of its associated base station 104 under the control of network 126, also can consider the state corrective networks 126 of base station 104.
If network 126 is GSM networks, base station 104 preferentially is linked to network 126 by " A " interface of a regulation so, " A " interface also can join in base station controller 105 and the intelligent base station 107, and the characteristic of GSM and function are to be delivered to base station 104 and to be passed over by base station 104 on interface " A " to terminal use's transparent way.
This system also can be interconnected with the cable TV distributed network, and base station 104 can miniaturization, and they can be installed in wired TV amplifier box of standard like this.The interface can be realized with simulation remote antenna system and digital delivery machine.For example, T1 and FT1 digital multi-channel modulator.The output of wired TV network can be used as the interface, and basic speed (BRI) isdn line can be used for transmitting.
Figure 13 is integrated base stations 850 schematic diagrames (it can be base station 104 or intelligent base station 107 among Fig. 2) according to one embodiment of this invention.Integrated base stations 850 comprises first base station unit 852 and second base station unit 853.In a most preferred embodiment, each base station unit 852,853 can be according to multiple communication protocol (for example, two kinds of agreements) communicate by letter with many subscriber stations 102, in an optimum implementation, first base station unit 852 is preferentially communicated by letter with many subscriber stations 102 by first kind of agreement, second base station unit 853 preferentially by second kind of agreement communicate by letter with many subscriber stations 102, subscriber station 102 can be configured to or with first kind of agreement, second kind of agreement, perhaps two kinds of agreements communicate, and this will be further described following.
In an optimum implementation, first kind of agreement is to use the gsm protocol of FDD/TDMA technology usually, and second kind of agreement is TDMA or TDD agreement, and they have and the integrated reposefully performance of gsm protocol.The base station 102 that hope is communicated by letter with integrated base stations 850 can adopt any agreement to go running (the supposition passage is available).The overview of two kinds of preferred communication agreements will be in following narration, is the details of and coexistence integrated about two kinds of preferred protocol then.
First kind of optimal protocols is gsm protocol, and Fig. 3 is the timing pattern figure that describes according to certain existing GSM standard.According to these standards, the communication between base station 104 and the subscriber station 102 is divided into eight short pulse cycles 152 and carries out.Maximum eight different subscriber stations can with a base station communication, carry out in the time in each short pulse cycle 152.
As what cross with prerequisite, GSM standard is used two kinds of frequency ranges of separating.Base station 104 sends to subscriber station 102 and is to use the first frequency range F
AOn a channel, and subscriber station 102 is to use the second frequency range F
BOn the channel of a distribution send.Subscriber station 102 during a specific short pulse cycle 152 in the first frequency range F
AOn receive after the base station transmit signals 155 subscriber station 102 to second frequency range F
BThe numerical value that shift frequency is scheduled to (as, 40MHz or 80MHz), send the user and send signal 156 with the response base station transmit signals, approximately lag behind 3 short pulse cycles 152 on the time.Consider propagation time and other time-delay between base station 104 and subscriber station 102, the time-delay in 3 short pulse cycles is enough.
Consider that the signal propagation delay is uncertain between base station 104 and subscriber station 102, each GSM short pulse cycles 152 front and back is added with guard time 157.Through by the actual reception time of the signal of subscriber station 102 and the comparison of the time of reception of expectation, base station 104 can order subscriber station 102 in advance or postpone it and send timing, makes it fall into suitable short pulse in the cycle.This specific character is called the adaptive frame adjustment.The technical specification of gsm system adaptive frame adjustment is TS GSM05.10.
Second kind of optimal protocols is the TDD/TDMA agreement, and it adopts spread spectrum technology and/or code division multiplex and frequency division multiplex, will be discussed further at this.Spread spectrum transmitter and receiver are described with Fig. 4, describe preferred TDD timing architecture with Fig. 6 and 7 then.
Fig. 4 is the transmitter exemplary in the spectrum-expanding communication system and the block diagram of receiver.Therefore can be used for the spread spectrum of signal in the spectrum-expanding communication system and remove spread spectrum.In Fig. 4, spread spectrum transmitter 201 comprises the input port 202 of importing data 203, and chip code sequence sends generator 204, modulator 205, the transmitting antenna 206 of transmission spread spectrum signal 207.Spread-spectrum receivers 208 comprises reception antenna 209, and chip code sequence receives generator 210, the delivery outlet 213 that demodulator 211 reaches in order to dateout 213.At work, transmission generator 204 and reception generator 210 all similarly produce chip code sequence 214 separately.Look it is at random basically for the people who does not understand spread-spectrum codes, the basis of this technology that Here it is.Spread spectrum signal 207 usefulness demodulators 211 remove spread spectrum, and it is by means of signal that will receive and local chip code sequence 214 relevant realizations that produce.Exemplary correlator is for example, and United States Patent (USP) NO.5 has description in 022,047 and NO.5,016,255.A kind ofly go spread spectrum and relevant method for optimizing at Application No. NO.08/481 for spread spectrum signal, 613, the submission date: 1995,6,7, in description is arranged.
In the occasion that spread spectrum communication adopts, control station 105 (see figure 1)s distribute spread-spectrum codes in order to be modulated at the radio signal of communicating by letter in this honeycomb 103 with subscriber station 102 transmitters for base station 104 transmitters in each honeycomb 103.Usually synthetic signal is being surpassed on the bandwidth that sends this data necessity by spread spectrum, and term " spread spectrum " is exactly resultant.Therefore, on enough wide bandwidth, 104 receivers of the base station in the honeycomb of a vicinity and subscriber station 102 receivers can will be risen in communicating by letter and rising in communicating by letter of contiguous honeycomb 106 and make a distinction of first honeycomb 103 to the radio signal of using in this honeycomb 103 like this by spread spectrum.
Fig. 5 is a kind of optimum cellular environment map of spread spectrum agreement work, and in Fig. 5, geographic area 301 is divided into many honeycombs 103.Related with each honeycomb 103 is frequency that is assigned to and the spread-spectrum codes that is assigned to.Preferably, three different frequencies (or group of frequencies) F1, F2 and F3 distribute in such a way, and using does not have two adjacent honeycombs to be assigned to same frequency (or group of frequencies) F1, and F2 or F3 have so just reduced the interference between adjacent cell.
In order further to reduce the possibility of inter-cell interference, different spread-spectrum codes C1 near quadrature overlap with the channeling pattern to the pattern that C7 is distributed into repetition.Though seven kinds of spread-spectrum codes C1 have been shown among Fig. 5 to C7, the distribution pattern that comprises other spread-spectrum codes number also may be suitable, and this depends on applicable cases separately.
Spread spectrum is used for the feasible carrier frequency F1 that distributes of carrier modulation, and F2 and F3 obtain the channeling factor of effectively N=3 in contiguous honeycomb.Make same carrier F1, the reduction of the interference between the honeycomb 103 of F2 or F3 is because the propagation loss that the distance of separating between the honeycomb 103 causes (does not have two to use same frequency F1, the spacing distance of the honeycomb of F2 or F3 is less than two honeycombs 103), also owing to use same carrier F1, the spread spectrum processing gain that the honeycomb 103 of F2 or F3 adopts quadrature or obtains near the quadrature spread-spectrum codes.
Fig. 6 is the best timing architecture schematic diagram of TDD system.According to the timing architecture of Fig. 6, communication is divided into continuous time frame 301 sequences in time.Single complete time frame 301 is shown among Fig. 6 along timeline 310; Similarly time frame appears at the front and back of time frame 301 along timeline 310 with continuous pattern.
In a kind of best TDD communication system according to Fig. 6; the duration of each time frame 301 is 18.46 milliseconds; each time frame 301 comprises 16 time slots 302, or eight time slots 302, and the latter is by increasing the time that guard time has been expanded each Time Slot Occupancy.If adopt the scheme of 16 time slots 302, the duration of each time slot is 1153.125 microseconds.
In certain embodiments, subscriber station 102 can communication in the more than one time slot 302 in each time frame 301, support increase data rate like this.Similarly, in certain embodiments, subscriber station 102 can periodically skip some time frames 301 in the subframe of whole time frame 301, communicate by letter (as, every a time frame 301, or every four time frames 301), can support to reduce data rate when unnecessary communicating by letter at full speed like this.About supporting the further information of parameter according to the exemplary tdma system of speed, can be at common unsettled U.S. Patent application NO.08/284, to find in 053, the submission date is 1994,8,1.
Fig. 7 is the another kind of best timing architecture figure that uses empty time slot, and each time slot comprises a pair of duplex communication line (just a forward direction circuit and a reverse circuit) usually.
In Fig. 7, similar with Fig. 6, communication is divided into continuous time frame 601 sequences in time.Single complete time frame 601 is shown among Fig. 7 along timeline 610, similarly time frame with continuous pattern along the front and back of timeline 610 at time frame 601.
Be shown among Fig. 7 with the relevant exemplary empty time slot 618 of a specific subscriber station 102 (as, subscriber station MS2).Empty time slot 618 has a user segment 605a and the base segment 606b in the second actual time slot 602b in the first actual time slot 602a.Between the user segment 605a and base segment 606b of empty time slot 618, base station 104 sends in the base segment 606a of the first actual time slot 602a (for example sends to second subscriber station 102, as subscriber station MS1), another subscriber station 102 (for example the 3rd subscriber station 102, as subscriber station MS3) sends to base station 104 in user segment 605b.In this case, send to base station 104 and 104 send and cross one another from the base station.
In an exemplary tdma communication system; the duration of each time frame 601 is 18.46 milliseconds; each time frame 601 comprises 16 time slots 602, and perhaps another kind of replacement scheme is eight time slots 602, in order to the scope of supporting to prolong time slot by the increase guard time.If adopt 16 time slots, the duration of each time slot 602 is 1153.125 microseconds.
In certain embodiments, subscriber station 102 can be communicated by letter in each time frame 601 more than one empty time slot 618, can support to increase data rate like this.Similarly, in certain embodiments, subscriber station 102 can periodically be skipped some time frame 601, communication in some subframes of whole time frame 601 (as, every a time frame 601, or every four time frames 601), like this, can support to reduce data rate when not needing the full speed communication line.
In one embodiment, set up that to communicate by letter between subscriber station 102 and the base station 104 be to be responded by 102 pairs of General Query message that sent by base station 104 of subscriber station to realize during available time slot 302.This process will be done more detailed description with reference to figure 8, and Fig. 8 is used for illustrating a kind of agreement of setting up the spread spectrum communication circuit in the communication system of for example Fig. 6.Can set up by similar mode for Fig. 7 embodiment communication line.
In Fig. 8 agreement, message (base station send 306 and subscriber station send 305) normally one of three types: general query messages 401, special-purpose query messages 402, perhaps informational message 403.Message by subscriber station 102 sends can be called " response " at this, and for example the general polling response 404, dedicated query response 405, or information response 406.
General Query message 401 is to be sent by base station 104 in each available time slot 302 of communication, seeking to set up the signal that subscriber station 102 monitoring base stations 104 of communication send, from many time slots 302, determining available time slot 302 according to the General Query message 401 that receives.
The a series of step of shaking hands of subscriber station 102 usefulness is come " inquiry " base station 104.In the general polling step 407, General Query message 401 is sent in base station 104 during a unappropriated time slot 302, subscriber station 102 receives General Query message 401, if be free from mistakes, just sends general polling response 404 to base station 104 in the identical time slot 302 of next time frame 301.General Query message 401 comprises the content of base station IDs 408b, it can be 32 long, can note by subscriber station 102.Similarly, general polling response 404 comprises the content of user ID 409, it more preferably 72 long, can note by base station 104.
On the basis that receives general polling response 404, dedicated query message 402 is sent in dedicated query step 410 in base station 104, and it comprises the user ID 409 that the part as the general polling response is received by base station 104.Subscriber station 102 receives dedicated query message 402, as zero defect, just sends dedicated query with identical user ID 409 in the identical time slot 302 of next time frame 301 and responds 405 to the base station 104.Dedicated query response 405 comprises with general polling and responds 404 identical user ID 409.
In specific embodiment, dedicated query message 402 is omitted because of unnecessary.Therefore, subscriber station 102 can respond dedicated query 405 and follows in general polling and respond 404 back.
Receiving dedicated query response 405, it comprises the user ID that is complementary with the general polling response, the basis on, communication information 403 can be sent at circuit establishment step 411 in base station 104, at this moment, communication line 412 has been set up with subscriber station 102 in base station 104, base station 104 can be connected to telephone line on the channel, subscriber station 102 can (for example begin normal running on telephone network, subscriber station 102 can receive dialing tone, dial the number, connect phone, and the phone operation of carrying out other), base station 104 and subscriber station 102 can switched communication message 403 and 406, intentionally interrupted up to communication line 412, impel subscriber station 102 to inquire base station 104 once more, perhaps gone to other base station 104 up to subscriber station 102 up to garble.
If the identical General Query message 401 of more than one subscriber station 102 responses, base station 104 is response not.Calculating in the good time interval, inquiring that before the identical base station 104, the state that base station 104 does not respond will inform that the subscriber station 102 that is comprised withdraws from it by signalling attempting to respond 404 agreements with General Query message 401 and general polling.Can user ID 409 be the basis disengaging time, and therefore, subscriber station 102 will withdraw from different time spans to avoid conflict in the future.
After base station 104 receives the input call, base station 104 is in incoming call step 413, on available time slot 302, send the dedicated query message 402 (skipping General Query message 401 and general polling response 404) that has the user ID 409 of specifying the subscriber station 102 that receives.Each subscriber station 102 is monitored dedicated query message 402 regularly, as will being further described at this, so that can receive it within the predetermined time after dedicated query message is sent.After dedicated query message 402 is received, subscriber station 102 will be made comparisons in user ID in this message 409 and own user ID own, if they mate, just proceed circuit establishment step 411.Like this, communication line can be set up with the Any user station 102 in the communication range in base station 104.
Can in following document, find about in tdma system, setting up communication (especially spread spectrum communication) device more detailed description: United States Patent (USP) NO.5,455,822 reach common unsettled u.s. patent application serial number NO.08/284,053, submission date: 1994,8,1.
In an optimum implementation, General Query message 401 comprises a time slot pointer (as also describing afterwards with Figure 11 A as shown in the time slot pointer 810), it points to next time slot 302 (or empty time slot 618), next General Query message 401 will be sent by base station 104 during the crack at this moment, 102 pairs of General Query message 401 of subscriber station of seeking to set up communication respond and unnecessaryly carry out in the identical time slot of next time frame 301 (02 601), but should carry out in the user segment 305 (or 605) of the time slot 302 (or 618) of time slot pointed.Receive generic response message 404 from subscriber station 102 in the time slot of time slot pointed after, dedicated query message 402 is sent in response in base station 102.If 102 pairs of General Query message 401 of more than one subscriber station respond, General Query message 401 (rather than dedicated query message 402) in the time slot of time slot pointed, occurs and will cause that each involved subscriber station 102 is depending on that the variable time of subscriber station ID withdrawed from the cycle.
Dedicated query message 402 comprises one to subscriber station 102 distinctive interim shorthand identifiers (nickname), is called correlation ID.(both direction) interrupts up to the communication line of having set up in the signalling message that correlation ID appears at future.For dedicated query message 402 is responded, subscriber station 102 sends communication information in response in by the time slot pointer distributed time slot 302 (or 618) in 402 sections of dedicated query message.
Fig. 9 A is best structure of time slot figure, and Fig. 9 B and 9C are respectively base station communication message structure figure and subscriber station communications message structure figure.In Fig. 9 A, time slot 510 comprises variable radio time-delay gap 505, subscriber station transmit frame 515, and the subscriber station rounding is used gap 525, guard time 535, base station transmit frame 545 and base station rounding are used gap 555.Each subscriber station transmit frame 515 comprises user top 516, user top sound gap 519 and station data frame 521.Similarly, each base station transmit frame 545 comprises top, base station 547, and top, base station sound gap 549 and base station send Frame 551.
Fig. 9 B is the optimum message structure that the base station sends Frame 551, and the message structure of Fig. 9 B comprises head section district, base station 553, base station D-channel region 557.Base station data district 559 and base station Cyclic Redundancy Check district 561.In an optimum implementation, head section district, base station 553 is 23, and base station D-channel region 557 is 8, and base station data district 559 is 192, and base station CRC district 561 is 16.
Fig. 9 C is the optimum message structure that subscriber station sends Frame 521.The message structure of Fig. 9 C comprises with account section district 523, user D-channel region 527, user data area 529, with user CRC district 531, in an optimum implementation, be 17 with account section district 523, user D-channel region 527 is 8, user data area 529 is that 192 and user CRC district 531 are 16.
In an optimum implementation, time slot 301 comprises 3123 sheet cycles (each sheet cycle equals about 0.369 microsecond); User's transmit frame 515 and base station transmit frame 545 are respectively 519.552 microseconds (1408 sheet cycles) and 531.36 microseconds (1440 sheet cycles).The gap 525 of migrating in subscriber station week is 10.7 microseconds (29 sheet cycles); Guard time 535 is 66.4 microseconds (180 sheet cycles); The gap 555 of migrating in base station week is 25.1 microseconds (68 sheet cycles).The effective clearance time is 72.3 microseconds, approximately is 13.5 miles corresponding to unobstructed distance between base station to base station.The speed that load passage (just user data area 529) is supported is 10,400 bps, and the speed that D-passage 527 is supported is 433.33 bps.
Figure 10 A-10C is preferred query messages format chart.Figure 10 A is General Query message form (as be used for Fig. 8 General Query message 401).General Query message 701 comprises, be followed successively by: head section district 702, spare area 703, ground trivial 704, base station controller (BSC) ID district 705, base station IDs district 706, battery limits 707, system type district 708, ISP district 709, time slot quality area 710, forward error recovery (FEC) district 711, frame control word (FCW) district 712.In preferred embodiments, head section district 702 be 23 long, spare area 703 be 16 long, ground trivial 704 be 40 long, BSC ID district 705 be 16 long, base station IDs district 706 be 32 long, equipment long 707 be 32 long, system type district 708 be 8 long, ISP district 709 be 16 long, time slot quality area 710 be 8 long, FEC district 711 be 32 long, frame control block 712 be 16 long, 239 altogether.
1. calculate kind of the remainder R 1 that submultinomial SDP is removed by generator multinomial GRP mould 2;
2. calculate X
16Product P and the content of the message 701 before the FCW district 710;
3. calculate the remainder R 2 that product P mould 2 that generator multinomial GNP drawn by step 2 removes;
4. calculating remainder R
1And remainder R
2Mould 2 and S;
5. calculate and the radix-minus-one complement of S, its result will send in FCW district 710.
In an optimum implementation, kind submultinomial SDP is: X
k(X
15+ X
14+ X
13+ X
12+ X
11+ X
10+ X
9+ X
8+ X
7+ X
6+ X
5+ X
4+ X
3+ X
2+ X
1+ 1) generator multinomial GRP is:
X
16+X
12+X
5+1
Figure 10 B is dedicated query message format chart (as be used for Fig. 8 dedicated query message).Dedicated query message 720 comprises, is followed successively by: head section district 721, correlation ID district 722, reason district 723, personal identifier (PID) district 724, map style district, space (OTA) 725, OTA map area 726, spare area 727, time slot quality area 728, the forward error mark is just distinguishing 729, FCW district 730, in an optimum implementation, head section district 721 be 23 long, correlation ID district 722 be 8 long, reason district 723 be 8 long, PID district 724 be 72 long, OTA map style district 725 be 8 long, OTA map area 726 be 32 long, spare area 727 be 32 long, time slot quality area 728 be 8 long, FEC district 729 be 32 long, FCW district 730 be 16 long, 239 altogether.
Head section district 721, time slot quality area 728, FEC district 729, FCW district 730 is similar to the similar district that Figure 10 A describes.Correlation ID district 722 is used for temporary mark and is assigned to a specific user 102 one or more passages (time slot just) of standing.The correlation ID number is the duration of being appointed as conversation, is discharged so that re-use by another subscriber station 102 when an end of conversation; The correlation ID number also can be changed in once connecting.Be the broadcasting time spent, specific correlation ID number can be kept by base station 104.Reason district 723 indicates before execution once to the specific user stands and produces reasons of error during the 102 signalling traffic operations.Therefore the explanation of reason district 723 message can be according to the type of the signal communication that is comprised.Possible cause message comprises that for example, subscriber station 102 is registered or registered and is not received, and calls out not to be switched on or to fail and finishes.PID district 724 comprises personal identifier's number of unique identification user (for example subscriber station 102).The type of map in the follow-up OTA image area 726 of OTA image area 725 regulation (for example superframe, subframe etc.), OTA image area 726 have been described stand 102 time slot map of specific user.The form of OTA image area 726 depends on the type of map.
Figure 10 C is query response message format chart (as the general polling response 404 or the dedicated query that are used for Fig. 8 respond 405).Query response message 740 comprises, is followed successively by: 741, the first spare areas 742, head section district, PID district 743, ISP district 744, grade district 745, user capability district 746, second spare area 747, FEC district 748 and FCW district 749 are in an optimum implementation, head section district 741 be 17 long, first spare area 742 be 16 long, PID district 743 be 72 long, ISP district 744 be 16 long, grade district 745 be 16 long, user capability district 746 be 16 long, second spare area 747 be 32 long, FEC district 748 be 32 long, FCW district 749 be 16 long, 233 altogether.
Figure 11 A and 11B are preferred query messages head paragraph format figure.Figure 11 A is the query messages head paragraph format figure of base station query messages (as General Query message 401 or the dedicated query message 402 of Fig. 8).Query messages head section 801 comprises base station/portable indicating device (B/M) sign 802 Extended Protocols (E) sign 803, packetization types district 804, power adjustments (PWR) district 805, symmetry district 806, the D-passage suppresses (DCS) sign 807, empty time slot (VS) sign 808, time slot or passage use (CU) district 809, time slot pointer district 810, error-detecting and correction (ARQ) district 811 and head section frame control word (HCF) district 812.In preferred embodiments, B/M indicator symbol 802, E sign 803, PWR district 805, DCS sign 807 and VS sign 808 be each 1 long, packetization types district 804 and symmetry district be each 2 long, CU district 809 and ARQ district be each 3 long, a time slot pointer district 810 and a head section HCF district 812 be each 4 long, 23 altogether.The 24th of head section 801 is engineering noise in setting up the RF circuit, and this is owing to use different phase code methods when sending 6 bit data of each symbolic code.
The originator that B/M indicator symbol 802 indicates message is subscriber station 102 or base station 104.The E sign is to be used for indicating whether Extended Protocol uses.Message bag type area 804 indicates according to following table 8-1A, and that a kind ofly uses in four kinds of message bag types.
Table 8-1A
Message bag district message bag type
00 proper communication
01 dedicated query
10 control (signalling) communications
11 general pollings, or generic response
Message bag type area 804 also provides the indication of using D-district 557, shown in the following table 8-1B.
Table 8-1B message bag district D-district operating position
00 D-passage
01 correlation ID
10 correlation IDs
11 keep
This bit motion 00 of table 8-2 position last time reduces transmitter power 11 increase transmitter powers 01 and keeps power constant 10 to keep the constant omission of power to keep the constant omission of power to keep power constant arbitrarily arbitrarily
The amount that increases or reduce according to the command execution power that receives in PWR district 805 is a value fixing or that preset--for example, each time frame 301 1dB (if subscriber station 102 is to send in the multiple time slot 302 of each time frame 301, then Zeng Jian action can be more frequent).Only do PWR district 805 and saved the space of base station to the user message head section 553 with 1, this performance suits, because quality-monitoring provides sufficient feedback information to adopt little power adjustments shelves usually, do not adopt big power adjustments shelves and there is sufficient feedback signal to be sure about.Yet, in the common geographic area of a certain base station 104, only have a subscriber station 102 to send in given time slot 302, when working in the cdma system that is not using time division technique, it is unwanted removing the power of strict control subscriber station 102 for fear of inter-cell interference.
Table 8-3 symmetry position meaning
The permission of 00 symmetric bandwidth, each direction is invested a half-band width
01 grants subscriber station 102 maximum bandwidths,
And base station 104 is minimum bandwidths
Maximum bandwidth is granted in 10 base stations 104,
And subscriber station 102 is minimum bandwidths
11 broadcast modes, whole bandwidth is invested base station 104,
There are not subscriber station 102 message bags.
Table 8-4 CU district
The content usage
000 no passage can be used: seek other base station
001 1 passages can be used: only have 911 to call out
010 two passages can be used: 991 call out or only with delivering
011 a small amount of passage can be used: grade control is to registration and start effective
100 approaching all passages can be used: the gateway is unrestricted
101 about half passages can be used: the gateway is unrestricted
110 part passages can be used: the gateway is unrestricted
111 whole time slots can be used: the gateway is unrestricted
Its middle grade control is that effectively gateway balance and load balance grade can be discerned (seeing Figure 10 A) in the battery limits 707 of General Query message to registration and calling top.
810 1 pointers in time slot pointer district are used for being identified in the used next time slot of current base station/user message packet switch.Subscriber station 102 must send in the time slot that indicates to continue exchange.In a specific embodiment, in 16 different values any one (as, binary number 0 to 15) can be got by time slot pointer district 810, and each value shows the timeslot number of the current time slots that sends just therein from subscriber station 102.For example, value 0 expression subscriber station 102 sends in identical time slot (as using fixed-bandwidth, then at next frame; As use subframe, then several frames afterwards).Value 1 expression subscriber station 102 sends in the next time slot of current time frame.Value 2 expression subscriber stations 102 send in following two time slots of current time frame, and the rest may be inferred.
(1) " ARQ is required " subarea, it shows for the message that will send, whether ARQ is required; (2) " ACK " subarea, it shows whether the sender of the message correctly receives the last message that sends; (3) " message count " subarea, it shows the message count (0 or 1) of current message, no matter ARQ is required whether the position is provided with, and adopt all the time in ACK subarea and message count subarea.
Be required (being required the value decision of position by ARQ) as ARQ, receiving mechanism is carried out following steps so:
(1) made comparisons in the message count subarea of the message that receives and the message count subarea of the preceding message that once receives,, then do not have fresh information if they are identical.
(2) check the ACK subarea of the message receive, if value is NAK (sender who shows message correctly receives last message), the old data-message of receiving mechanism repeating transmission so; Otherwise send new data-message.
(3) each new data message is sent, with the position negate of message count subarea.
(4) if the message that receives has FCW error (as explaining with Figure 10 A), or just do not receive message, receiving mechanism is retransmitted old data-message so at all, and the ACK subarea is set to NAK.
Head section HCF district 812 is used for 12 preamble bits (preamble bit of message header section just) calculated, and realizes cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
Figure 11 B is the query messages head paragraph format figure that is used for query response message (as general polling response 404 or the dedicated query response 405 of Fig. 8).Inquiry response head section 820 comprises base station/portable indicating device (B/M) sign 821, Extended Protocol (E) sign 822, message bag type area 823, PWR district 824, symmetry district 825, DCS sign 826, spare area 827, ARQ district 828 and head section frame control word (HCF) district 829, in preferred embodiments, B/M indicator symbol 821, E sign 822, DCS sign 826 be each 1 long, message bag type area 823, each 2 of symmetry district 825 and spare areas are long, ARQ district 828 be 3 long, HCF district 829 be 4 long, 17 altogether.Because use different phase codes to send each symbolic code of 6, the 18th is to have lost in setting up the RF circuit.
B/M indicator symbol 821, E sign 822, message bag type area 823, PWR district 824, DCS sign 826, corresponding district is identical in ARQ district 828 and the purpose of HCF district employing and the base station head section that is shown in Figure 11 A.The content in symmetry district 825 can be explained by following table 8-5 in 102 sections of subscriber station.
Table 8-5 symmetry district meaning 00 next time slot requires symmetric bandwidth 01 next time slot to require maximum bandwidth 10,11 (not using at present)
Figure 12 A is the base station information bag figure that represents with octadic form, and they had done general description in Fig. 9 B and 11A.Figure 12 B is the subscriber station packets of information figure that represents with octadic form, and they had done general description in Fig. 9 C and 11B.
Can use the M-ary spread spectrum technology that data are transmitted between base station 104 and subscriber station 102.Suitable M-ary spread spectrum sends with reception technique and is described in, for example, United States Patent (USP) NO.5, among 022,047 and U.S. Patent application NO.08/484,007, submission date 1995.6.7.In an optimum implementation, each all sends a M-ary direct sequence spread spectrum signal base station 104 and subscriber station 102, and M=6 adopts 32 spread-spectrum codes (being called " symbolic code ").32 different symbolic codes are used for representing maximum 32 different data symbols, and each comprises 5 bit data; Phase code is also by preferential the 6th data bit that sends each symbolic code that adopt.The phase coding technology that is used to send the preamble bit of each symbolic code is described in, and for example, U.S. Patent application NO.08/984 is among 007.
Because head section district, base station 553 is positioned in first district in the base station transmission data format 551, it has lost first (this data symbol is to send with different coding techniquess) from the data symbol that first is sent out.Therefore, head section district, base station 553, it comprises four data symbols, 23 are long.First symbol comprises five data bit, each comprises six data bit three later symbols, similarly, send first district in the data format 521 because be positioned in the user with account section district 523, it has lost first from the data symbol that first is sent out.Therefore, comprise three symbols with account section district 523,17 long.First symbol comprises five data bit, and each comprises six data bit two later symbols.
In one embodiment, subscriber station 102 can comprise the portable mobile phone of band multiplex and/or multiplex mode operation.Subscriber station 102 can be a multiplex mode, and they can either be communicated by letter by spread spectrum (being the broadband), also can narrow band communication.Subscriber station 102 can be the multiband on this meaning, and promptly it can be arranged on many different frequencies and work, and for example is some frequencies in the PCS frequency range that obtains speciallyying permit or do not obtain speciallyying permit.Subscriber station 102 can be in a kind of pattern on first kind of frequency range (as the broadband) work, also can second kind work in the another kind of pattern (as the arrowband) on the frequency range.
As an example, subscriber station 102 can be arranged to be operated in 1850 with many frequencies of 1990MHz on, the step pitch of being separated by between the frequency is discontinuous.Each subscriber station 102 can be equipped with programmable frequency synthesizer, allows to receive on arbitrary therein frequency and/or send.In specific embodiment, the increment of programmable frequency step pitch in the GSM frequency band is 200KHz (for GSM or narrow band communication) or 1.8MHz (for spread spectrum communication).Subscriber station 102 also can be configured to be with synchronously 1920 and 1930MHz between work, the centre frequency of first passage is 1920.625MHz, is 1.25MHz at interval at the synchronous remainder upper channel of band.
Be described in U.S. Patent application NO.08/483 about double mode further information of communicating by letter with two-band, among 514, submission date 1995,6,7.
In one embodiment, select the antenna of communicating by letter with subscriber station 102 in order to help base station 104, channel information needs monitoring.Channel information also can make base station 104 regulate the power output of oneself and the power output of subscriber station 102.
Time division duplex allows in the base station 104 to carry out with subscriber station 102 and to use community antenna when sending with receiving function, and typical way is not need antenna diplexer.Community antenna can be used for sending and receives.This is to separate because of these functions to each subscriber station 102 and base station 104 in time.The Terminal Design of base station 104 with subscriber station 102 simplified in the use of community antenna.Base station 104 preferably includes one group of antenna for base station antenna diversity is provided, and base station 104 comprises electronic unit, is used for being chosen in during each time slot 302 optimal antenna of using with each subscriber station 102 signal post.Base station 104 can be in many antenna for base station on each antenna simultaneously (because reflection or multipath effect may slightly successively) receive a user's transmission signal (for example the user who sends is to the message of base station) during the user segment 305 of a time slot 302.Each antenna for base station is linked on separately the base station receiver, analyzes the user who receives and sends quality of signals, and mass scale is provided for the processor in the base station 104.Base station 104 is the mass scale of each base station receiver generation relatively, selects the receiver output signal of peeled shrimp quality.Select only antenna for base station for each subscriber station 102 in this way.The mass scale that is drawn by the receiver output signal of selecting provides a characteristic value for the communication channel of 102 of base station 104 and specific subscriber stations.
When base station 104 when a specific subscriber station 102 sends, select only antenna for base station to go to send.Antenna and transmit power levels would rather be selected like this, and itself and base station 104 to the characteristic of the transmission channel of subscriber station 102 are mated.Base station 104 can be selected and receive the user and send the transmitting antenna of 305 identical antenna for base station as it.Because base station 104 can have reception and transmission on the antenna that receives subscriber station 102 signal best in quality, subscriber station 102 is benefited from antenna diversity, even it does not have multiple antenna.Because base station 104 sends after receiving user's transmission soon, have only little time to lag behind, therefore before base station 104 sent signal, channel characteristic did not have very big change.
The specific user stands during each follow-up time slot 302 of 102 in being assigned to inquiry path 301, the channel characteristic data that base station 104 draws according to the nearest process of transmitting of subscriber station, antenna and power level (for example, sending the message of base station to the user during the base station segment 306 of time slot 302) are selected for the base station sends once more in base station 104.
Its power output was controlled in the unoccupied place when base station 104 was one of time slot.In order to accomplish this point, base station 104 has measure to determine the power setting of subscriber station 102.; because can communicate by letter with many subscriber stations 102 during the inquiry loop in an independent base station 104; they each 104 distance can be near zero radius until honeycomb 103 from the base station; allow the base station transmitter power output so control; make during each time slot 302; it may be unpractiaca that the power level that receives on each subscriber station 102 keeps almost constant; be due to the fact that to a great extent; be each time slot 302 (as; about per 1153 μ s) send in the base station bigger variation is arranged aspect the power output (as, greater than 40dB) be necessary.On a time slot 302, provide the replacement scheme of power control based on time slot 302 as one, can change average rather than each time slot 302 on the long time interval in power output control on the base station 104.
Send signal along with receive subscriber station during the user segment 305 of time slot 302, the quality of signals that receives is determined in base station 104, and it comprises, for example, and power that receives and signal noise ratio or signal-to-jamming ratio.During the base station segment 306 in the aft section of time slot 302, in one embodiment, base station 104 initiates a message to subscriber station 102, indicates the signal quality that is received by base station 104, and if necessary, order subscriber station 102 is regulated its power.According to the quality of signals that receives, in one embodiment, base station 104 says the word to subscriber station 102, allow it change (increase or reduce) transmitting power with respect to Set For Current by certain centrifugal pump (as minimum step pitch 3dB), the user who receives up to base station 104 sends quality more than receivable threshold value, and a kind of preferred Poewr control method is used in the PWR district 805 shown in Fig. 8 A and describes.
A kind of 104 power adjustment commands that mail to subscriber station 102 from the base station of the best are to form according to the table 8-2 coding that this paper previous section is mentioned.Though optimum value has been listed among the table 8-2, and the difference of the sum of series inter-stage of power control command can change with various applicable cases are different with systematic technical indicator.
Though above power adjustments and diversity antenna technology are to do to describe prevailingly with the characteristic in Fig. 6 embodiment.Described technology can be used for the embodiment of Fig. 7 equally.
Direction of the present invention is the duties at quick control in the timing architecture that is reduced at communication system.Deliver, the work such as communication or time gas exchange of setting up can be adopted at interval and finish apace less than the multiple time slot of a time frame.In such mode, the control duties utilize untapped time slot, can avoid like this having to wait for a whole time frame for exchanging messages each time between base station 104 and subscriber station 102.Therefore, standby resource can be used for accelerating to control the processing of duties.
In an optimum implementation, subscriber station 102 sends message prior to base station 104 in time slot 302 (or empty time slot 618), and the time slot pointer is known next available time slot 302 by subscriber station 102.Otherwise subscriber station 102 was whether there is no telling has a specific time slot to can be used for communication before General Query message 401 is received, like this, before response General Query message 401, typical way is to wait for a whole inquiry loop.
The message of available time slot 302 is also used OTA image area 726 and is passed to subscriber station 102 in dedicated query message 402.Just as mentioned previously, OTA image area 726 has been described stand 102 the time slot map with respect to a specific user.Therefore, for a time frame 301 that 16 time slots 302 are arranged, in one embodiment, OTA image area 726 comprises 16.Every can be set to first value (as " 1 "), shows that the time slot relevant with this 302 is disabled; Can be set to second value (as, " 0 "), show the time slot relevant 302 with this can be used for communication.Preferential way is, the use of time slot is described from the position with respect to the current time slots 302 of subscriber station 102 ... Here it is the 1st be relevant with time slot subsequently, the 2nd is relevant with next time slot, the 3rd with next time slot is relevant again, and the like.Another kind of replacement scheme is, from the angle with respect to a permanent datum use of time slot is described, the starting point of time frame 301 for example, in this case.Subscriber station 102 needs the information with respect to the starting point of time frame 301.
Figure 13 is the block diagram according to integrated base stations 850 in a kind of embodiment of the present invention.Integrated base stations 850 comprises by first kind of base station unit 852 of first kind of TDMA or the work of TDD agreement and presses second kind of base station unit 853 of second kind of TDMA or the work of TDD agreement.First kind of base station unit 852 and second kind of base station unit 853, best way is to be operated in identical or overlapping geographic area.First base station unit 852 and second base station unit 853 are shown in the square frame that separates of Figure 13, and in fact they may be to be placed in the same unit.Another kind of alternative way is that their physical location is separated, but leans on very closely mutually.
First base station unit 852 comprises processor 860, HA Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receiver 861, clock generator 862 and free time slot indicating device 863.Second base station unit 853 comprises processor 870 and free time slot indicating device 873.First base station unit 852 is communicated by letter on communication line 869 with second base station unit 853.If first base station unit 852 and second base station unit 853 are juxtaposed, they can share identical antenna or antenna sets (not shown).
In optimum implementation, first base station unit 852 is to communicate according to the brief communication protocol of describing of Fig. 6 that (perhaps Fig. 7 comprises Fig. 8 to Figure 12 B; Be called " Fig. 6 communication protocol " from now on together, or " the TDD agreement of Fig. 6 ", or abbreviate " TDD agreement " as), second base station unit 853 is communicated by letter according to gsm protocol.One aspect of the present invention is exactly: toward first base station unit 852 and second base station unit 853 and by the interference between the communication of first base station unit 852 and second base station unit 853 is that separate communications is avoided in time according to the timing pattern of being scheduled to.
Especially, the communication that comes and goes of each base station unit 852,853 is to carry out according to the timing pattern that comprises every kind of one or more time frames of communication protocol.Such timing pattern will claim usually that from now on it is a time frame, will do to explain more completely at this.
Some examples of assembly time frame are shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16, in each assembly time frame of Figure 15 and Figure 16, usually part assembly time frame is divided into the time slot that uses by first kind of agreement, and remainder assembly time frame is divided into the time slot that uses by second kind of agreement.Figure 14 is the comparison diagram of the time frame of two kinds of different agreements, and the assembly time frame of Figure 15 and Figure 16 is obtained by them.The very first time frame 901 that is labeled as " type-1 " has been shown among Figure 14.Very first time frame 901 comprises many time slots 902.In Figure 14, show second time frame 911 that is labeled as " type-2 " along same time shaft.Second time frame 911 also comprises many time slots 912.In Figure 14, the time slot 902 of very first time frame 901 is labeled as " TS ", and the back is two numerals (for example, TS00, TS01 and then, TS02 ..., TS15), and the time slot 912 of second time frame 911 is labeled as " TS ", and a numeral (is for example followed in the back, TS1, TS2, TS3 ..., TS7).The time slot that should be noted that Figure 14 begins to count from " 0 " or " 00 ", and time slot map begins to count from " 1 " among Fig. 6 and Fig. 7; Select for use specific initial reference number not have what other implication for specific figure.
In an optimum implementation, very first time frame 901 is defined as the part of TDD communication protocol, the TDD agreement of Fig. 6 particularly, in same preferred embodiment, second time frame 911 is defined as the part of gsm protocol, as in the past with Fig. 3 described, in optimum implementation, the duration of very first time frame 901 is 18.46 milliseconds, and the duration of second time frame 911 is 4.615 milliseconds.Therefore, total duration of four second time frames 911 is identical with single very first time frame 901.In an optimum implementation, the duration of each time slot 902 of very first time frame 901 is 1153.125 microseconds.The duration of each time slot 912 of second time frame 911 is 576.92 microseconds.Therefore, time slot 912 duration altogether of two back and single first time slot 902 is identical.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 15, assembly time frame 925 is to stipulate like this, and part assembly time frame 925 is distributed to first kind of agreement, and part assembly time frame 925 is distributed to second kind of agreement.Therefore, Figure 15 shows very first time frame 921 (that is: the time frame 901 of Figure 14), wherein do not stamp shade time slot 922 expression they enroll assembly time frame 925, stamp shade expression they be not included in the assembly time frame 925.Similarly, figure 15 illustrates cover second time frame 931 (that is: the time frame 911 of Figure 14), wherein do not stamp shade time slot 932 expression they enroll assembly time frame 925, stamp shade expression they be not included in the assembly time frame 925.So, assembly time frame 925 comprises the time slot 926 of many different lengths, and some of them are the time slot 922 corresponding time slot 926a with very first time frame 921, and some are the time slot 932 corresponding time slot 926b with second time frame 931.
In Figure 15, assembly time frame 925 comprises four and very first time frame 921 corresponding time slot 926a (that is, time slot TS01, TS04, TS08 and TS12) and six and second time frame, 931 corresponding time slot 926b (that is time slot TS2 to TS7).Because the timing relationship between the very first time frame 921 and second time frame 931, the every frame of the first time slot 926a of assembly time frame 925 occurs once, (because in the corresponding duration, very first time frame 921 has covered four second time frames 931) appears four times in the every frame of the second time slot 926b of assembly time frame 925.
Because the time-division communication according to first kind and second kind agreement is periodic with regard to its essence, and in the present embodiment, the duration of very first time frame 921 coverings second time frame 931 four times, the time slot 926a of assembly time frame 925 different length, 926b will spread out according to the cycle of the particular time-slot passage appearance of taking from time frame 911 and 931.
The combination of specific assembly time frame 925--just, the ratio of the first time slot 926a and the second time slot 926b, promptly specific exponent number--will need be complementary with specific system.In the occasion of using first kind of agreement (interrelating with very first time frame 921) than the multi-user, the associated more time slot 926a of agreement can be included in the assembly time frame 925 therewith.On the contrary, use the occasion of second kind of agreement (interrelating with second time frame 931) more user, the associated more time slot 926b of agreement can be included in the assembly time frame 925 therewith.
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram that another kind has the assembly time frame 945 of different time slots 946 arrangements, and each time slot 946 is corresponding to the time slot 922 or 932 of the very first time frame 921 and second time frame 931.As Figure 15, the time slot 922 of very first time frame 921 is not stamped shade, represents that they enroll assembly time frame 945, and they are not included in the assembly time frame 945 to stamp shadow representation; Similarly, they enroll assembly time frame 945 not stamp shadow representation from the time slot 932 of 931 groups of second time frames, and they are not included in the assembly time frame 945 to stamp shadow representation.Therefore, assembly time frame 945 comprises the time slot 946 of many different lengths, and some of them are the time slot 922 corresponding time slot 946a with very first time frame 921, and other are the time slot 932 corresponding time slot 946b with second time frame 931.
In Figure 16, assembly time frame 945 comprises eight time slot 926a corresponding to very first time frame 921 (that is, time slot TS00, TS01, TS04, TS05, TS08, TS09, TS12, and TS13) and four time slot 926b (that is time slot TS4 to TS7) corresponding to second time frame 931.Because the timing relationship between the very first time frame 921 and second time frame 931, the every frame of the first time slot 926a of assembly time frame 945 occurs once, and (because very first time frame 921 has covered four second time frames 931 in the corresponding duration) appears four times in the every frame of the second time slot 926b of assembly time frame 945.
Therefore, be shown in time slot 926 and 946 different arrangements in Figure 15 and 16 the assembly time frame 925 and 945 more respectively, obviously, the different proportion of time slot can according to, for example, different system requirements use.Like this, in Figure 15, assembly time frame 925 can be supported the user of maximum four first time slot 926a and the user of six second time slot 926b.In Figure 16, assembly time frame 945 can be supported the user of maximum eight first time slot 946a and the user of four second time slot 926b.
Figure 17 A is a demand migration table, and it shows how the ratio of every kind of supported number of users of agreement changed when institute's distributed time slot number changed.First row 950 of Figure 17 A demand migration table corresponding to second kind of agreement (promptly, gsm protocol) supported user, secondary series 951 corresponding to first kind of agreement (promptly, the TDD agreement of Fig. 6) supported user, in the demand migration table of Figure 17 A, five kinds of different paired options 945 are provided, and the user 952 of the gsm protocol supported that each provides is different with the user's 953 that can support the TDD agreement ratio.Shown in Figure 17 A, first paired option 954 times, in an assembly time frame, there is the user 952 of eight gsm protocols to be supported, and supports that user's 953 numbers of TDD agreement are zero; Second paired option 954 times, in a combined frames, can support the user 952 of six gsm protocols and the user 953 of four TDD agreements; The 3rd paired option 945 times, can support the user 952 of four gsm protocols and the user 953 of eight TDD agreements; The rest may be inferred, and when a kind of number of users supported of agreement increased, the number of users supported of another kind of agreement must descend, because distribute time slot must reduce the assignable timeslot number of another kind of agreement for a kind of agreement.
Though, be shown in the embodiment of Figure 15 and 16, each assembly time frame 925 with 945 all with two time frames 921 of deriving them with 931 the same long than the elder, the present invention is not limited to so arrange.In general, the assembly time frame should have enough duration, makes that for first and second time frames of deriving the assembly time frame all be integer.Therefore, for example, the assembly time frame can be elected as, as, 60 milliseconds, wherein very first time frame duration is 12 milliseconds, second time frame is 20 milliseconds.In this case, 60 milliseconds combined frames duration is to allow one group of very first time frame be that integer also can allow one group of second time frame be the best duration of integer.
Do not have shortest length so easily can be used for the assembly time frame occasion (when first kind be to be under the situation of different Communication System Development independently by different departments with second kind of agreement; usually this situation can appear); can insert some time slots; make that in the assembly time frame every kind of time frame all can be integer.Figure 26 is the schematic diagram of the assembly time frame 1085 of this arrangement of explanation.In Figure 26, show one group of very first time frame 1080 and corresponding one group of second time frame 1081 with second kind of time frame duration with first kind of time frame duration.One group of very first time frame 1080 is separated by many time slots 1082, and its duration is chosen such that promptly two second time frames 1081 are identical with the duration that single very first time frame 1080 adds time slot 1082.Assembly time frame 1085 constitutes by Figure 15 and 16 described the same manners, does not just have passage to use from first time slot, 1080 sequences during time slot 1082.Therefore, in the embodiment of Figure 26, the time slot that would rather distribute second time frame 1081 is from end (just, the 1082 corresponding zones, time slot of inserting between very first time frame 1080), in order to reduce the wasted space in the assembly time frame 1085.Therefore, in assembly time frame 1085, time slot 1082 is to occur as " with good conditionsi " time slot 1086, because have only usually when there not being the time slot can be when second time frame 1081 is assigned to, time slot 1086 with good conditionsi just will comprise the time slot of reality.
Though overcome some owing to have the problem that the time frame of unequal length causes, in general, the use of time slot always causes decrease in efficiency, this is because the portion of time line has slatterned; The use of time slot also can cause flexibility to reduce, and this is because can only distribute to two kinds of regularly a kind of in the agreements with corresponding part assembly time crack, time slot.
Similarly, the time slot can be inserted in the time slot of any time frame, inserts conditionally in the assembly time frame, makes that the duration of each time slot is identical, or the multiple of the shortest time slot duration.Same inefficient problem also appears in the time interval is inserted in employing in time slot way.
A kind of alternative way is, the assembly time frame can constitute like this, and it comprises the combination of two kinds of different agreement time slots, without limits every group of time slots frame structure of regulation usually.And the combination of time frame need choose according to system, heavily covers for each assembly time frame.Figure 27 is assembly time frame 1090 schematic diagrames that explanation is arranged like this.Assembly time frame 1090 is by forming with first kind of associated time slot 1091 of communication protocol with second kind of associated time slot 1092 of communication protocol.Although the embodiment of Figure 27 is than the efficient height of Figure 26, the time slot that in Figure 26, does not cause potential time resource waste, unless yet the assembly time frame length equals the time frame of an integer various communication protocol, time slot 1091, the 1092nd, take from these time frames, otherwise its timing architecture is not allow malleablely, and is difficult to be integrated in the different user environments.
Therefore, the assembly time frame structure that is shown in Figure 15 and 16 be best (promptly, in every kind of assembly time frame 925 and 945, every kind of time frame 921 and 931 all is an integer), this is because they relatively easily according to the ratio of user's needs change for first kind of agreement and second kind of agreement time slot, do not need to change the assembly time frame length or do other internal timing and regulate.The demand migration table of Figure 17 A and 17B has illustrated the time slot of first kind of agreement and the ratio of second kind of time slot are how relatively easily to make an amendment according to specific paired option, and does not need to change the length of assembly time frame.
Get back to Figure 13, first base station unit 952 with the corresponding time slot 926 in one of time frame 921 or 931 on communicate by letter (as, time slot 926a corresponding to very first time frame 921), second base station unit 953 be with another corresponding time slots 926 of time frame 921 or 931 on communicate by letter (as, time slot 926b corresponding to second time frame 931), therefore, each base station unit 852,853 communicate by letter with subscriber station 102 is according to the agreement of distributing to specific base stations unit 852,853.
In an optimum implementation, the assembly time frame structure is to be programmed in the integrated base stations 850, and therefore, each base station unit 852,853 is known the relative position of the time slot of distributing to it in advance.Each base station unit 852,853 is handled the time slot of distributing to it independently, is responsible for independently to set up and keep to adopt agreement and the subscriber station 102 of distributing to it to communicate.
In more detail, each base station unit 852,853 is equipped with some facilities in order to communicate by letter, and is used for determining that those time slots of assembly time frame are available, has perhaps distributed to it.First base station unit 852 is equipped with a free time slot indicating device 863, it may comprise, for example, static state or dynamic memory, if free time slot indicating device 863 comprises dynamic memory, it can be unloaded at a distance by base station controller 105 (see figure 2)s so, so just can carry out dynamic reprogrammed to the time slot that is assigned to base station unit 852.Free time slot indicating device 863 has stored the map of the time slot of distributing to base station unit 852.Therefore, if the assembly time frame 925 of Figure 15 is implemented in the integrated base stations 850 of Figure 13, so free time slot indicating device 863 can comprise the map of 16 positions, each position is corresponding to one in the time slot 922, corresponding to time slot TS00, TS04, the position of TS08 and TS12 shows that they are to distribute to first base station unit 852.
According to top example, when 852 communications of first base station unit, it only uses time slot TS00, TS04, TS08 and TS12.After passage was set up, first base station unit 852 only used a time slot in the time slot group (TS00, TS04, TS08 and TS12) of distributing to it.In this specific embodiment, send General Query message by base station unit 852, indicate for the first agreement user, the availability of free time slot.Therefore, General Query message is only at time slot TS00, and TS04, TS08 or TS12 go up and send, and have only when this particular time-slot be idle, other time slot 922 is not used by first base station unit 852, unless they distribute to first base station unit later on.
Similarly, second base station unit 853 is equipped with a free time slot indicating device 873, and the free time slot indicating device 863 of it and first base station unit 852 is similar.Yet, the map of the time slot of second base station unit 853 is distributed in free time slot indicating device 873 storages of second base station unit 853, therefore, if the assembly time frame 925 of Figure 15 is to implement in the integrated base stations 850 of Figure 13, so free time slot indicating device 873 can comprise that (perhaps a kind of replacement scheme is 32 positions to a map that eight positions are arranged, each position is one in the assembly time frame), each position is corresponding to one in the time slot 932 of second time frame 931, the position of time slot TS2 to TS7 shows that they are to distribute to second base station unit 853 in free time slot indicating device 973.
According to top example, when the communication of second base station unit 853, it only use distribute to it the time slot group (promptly, TS2 to TS7) time slot in, in this specific embodiment, second kind of agreement is gsm protocol, and it uses a control channel of separating to start communication.Therefore, when base station unit 853 receives when setting up the request of new communication port with subscriber station 102, it only chooses a free time slot from time slot TS2 to TS7, rather than TS0 or TS1, because they do not distribute to it.The method that this decision is made in second base station 853 is the content of checking free time slot indicating device before distributing passage.
It is by order wire 869 synchronously that first base station unit 852 and second base station unit 853 are kept.For the ease of on the system-wide basis synchronously, as aforementioned, first base station unit 852 preferably disposes a GPS receiver 861, its receives the timing information that satellite sends, this adopts technical well-known method to realize.
This GPS receiver 861 provides timing information for the clock generator 862 that produces time slot clock signal 869a and frame clock signal 869b, and Figure 18 is a timing diagram, and it shows the time slot clock waveform 965 of time slot clock signal 869a and the time slot clock waveform 966 of frame clock signal 869b.Time slot clock waveform 965 is that the square wave clock waveform (as shown in figure 18) of 50% duty ratio is in order to distinguish the time slot TS0 of first kind of agreement (GSM), TS1, TS2, and the time slot TS00 of second kind of agreement (TDD), TS01, TS02 ... (because in this specific embodiment, the duration of the time slot of first kind of agreement is half of duration of the time slot of second kind of agreement).Frame clock waveform 966 is included in the flag of frame 967 that each assembly time frame begins.Use the assembly time frame 925 of Figure 15 or the assembly time frame 945 of Figure 16.Flag of frame 967 also indicates the top of each TDD time frame 921.
It is synchronous that integrated base stations 850 use time slot clock signal 869a and frame clock signal 869b keep two inside between the base station unit 852,853.Thereby each base station unit 852,853 is understood the timing of each time slot, understands each assembly time frame 925 or 945 and when begins, and when finishes.Though the GPS receiver 861 in Figure 13 embodiment is that it also can be placed in second base station unit 853 as shown in the parts of first base station unit 852, perhaps each base station unit 852,853 can have their GPS receiver.A kind of replacement scheme is, two base station units 852,853 can be shared same GPS receiver 861, but each has its oneself inside clock generator electronic unit, as long as the top of assembly time frame is by synchronous.Another kind of scheme is, GPS receiver 861 can be placed in more top part ... as, being placed in (see figure 2) on the base station controller 105--it gives the timing information of integrated base stations 850 transmissions about assembly time frame top, and other timing information is if necessary also arranged.
In an optimum implementation, it is wide band sending signal from first base station unit 852 by second kind of agreement (TDD), realizes with spread spectrum technology.Because first kind of agreement (GSM) is narrow-band, presses the TDD agreement and send the channel that signal will cover a plurality of gsm protocols usually.
Figure 19 and 20 is respectively the frequency shunting planning chart that explanation is used for TDD communication system and gsm communication system, has adopted the timing architecture that is shown in Figure 14.Figure 19 illustrates the frequency bandwidth 970 of predesignating width (as, in the embodiment of Figure 19, be 15MHz).Frequency bandwidth 970 is distributed between each system unit, is to distinguish various communications with the frequency division multiplex method therefore.In the embodiment of Figure 19, frequency bandwidth 970 is distributed between group system parts, and each uses the bandwidth of about 1.8MHz, and part has overlapping, thereby allows 14 TDD frequency bands 972 that separate in frequency bandwidth 970.Each TDD frequency band 972 can be supported a TDD base station 104 and its subscriber station 102.Frequency in the geographic area is preferentially multiplexing according to multiplexing pattern shown in Figure 5, and this described in this paper previous section.Edge in frequency bandwidth 970 provides frequency protection band 973 and 974 in order to the interference of elimination with the nearby frequency bands user.
In an optimum implementation, the transmitter that is operated in the TDD system of Fig. 6 uses spread spectrum technology to send broadband signal, sheet speed (chipping rate) is 2.7MHz (every 0.369 millisecond) approximately, this is and U.S. Patent application NO.08/423 that the technology of describing among 225 (the submission date 1995.4.17) is consistent.
Figure 20 shows the frequency shunting plan that is used for gsm communication system.The frequency shunting plan of Figure 20 comprises user's frequency range 976, for example, 15MHz, subscriber station 102 sends signal to base station 104 on this frequency range; With a base station frequency band 977, base station 104 sends signal to subscriber station 102 on this frequency range.In user's frequency range 976, stipulated many channels 978, the bandwidth of distributing to each channel is 200KHz (though zero to the zero transmission bandwidth that GSM standard provides is 271KHz).Therefore, maximum 75 channels (not considering the frequency protection band) can be included in user's frequency range interior 976.Similarly, as the GSM in the FDD system, base station frequency band is divided into the channel 979 of each 200KHz.User's frequency range 976 is separated with base station frequency band 977 by a predetermined frequency interval Fs; The predetermined representative value of frequency interval Fs in Europe is 40MHz, and may be 80MHz or other suitable value arbitrarily in the U.S. and other area.Best way is, each user channel 978 occurs in pairs with the base station channel 979 that separates with predetermined frequency interval Fs accordingly, and therefore, each user channel 978 its corresponding base station channel 979 is to separate with same frequency difference.
75 channels can not be prescribed (not considering the frequency protection band), gsm system would rather be used and the multiplexing pattern of similar three honeycomb frequencies of the channeling pattern shown in Fig. 5 (that is, not considering the multiplexing pattern of sign indicating number shown in Figure 5) though have in the works in GSM frequency shunting shown in Figure 20.Therefore, have only 1/3rd channel 978,979 to distribute to given base station 104, typical way is that a base station 104 will be assigned to evenly spaced channel 978,979 on frequency range 976,977; Also promptly, from the lowest channel that is assigned to base station 104 to, base station 104 will be assigned to each the 3rd channel 978,979, thereby, each channel and the adjacent channel 600KHz of being separated by on GSM base station unit 853.
Shown in Figure 21 and 22 is a kind of frequency shunting graph of a relation of particular, and it is the communication system that is used to have frequency shunting plan shown in Figure 19 and 20.It is 9 relations between channel 982-in this case that Figure 21 shows in the about 1.8MHz bandwidth 981 that is allocated in given TDD base station 104 and many channel 982--.The first cover channel 983 is relevant with the first cover frequency (A group) in the multiplexing pattern of GSM three honeycomb frequencies; The second cover channel 984 is relevant with the second cover frequency (B group) in the multiplexing pattern of GSM three honeycomb frequencies; The 3rd cover channel 985 is relevant with the 3rd cover frequency (C group) in the multiplexing pattern of GSM three honeycomb frequencies.The A group, B group and C group channel are to distinguish according to every group of shade situation of beating in Figure 21, as recognizing with the legend among Figure 21.
In an optimum implementation, TDD base station unit 852 replaces the GSM base station unit integrated with it 853 to send signal (seeing the integrated base stations 850 of Figure 13).Therefore, the TDD base station unit 852 GSM channel that replaces overlapping sends signal.For example, if TDD base station unit 852 is integrated with the GSM base station unit 853 that is assigned to the A class frequency, so, at the assembly time frame (for example, assembly time frame 925 or 945) during the TDD time slot, channel utilizes the situation will be as shown in figure 23, therefore, will be to the frequency utilization of an integrated base stations 850 according to the arrangement of time slot in assembly time frame 925 or 945, alternate between three arrowband GSM channels 982 and single wide-band TDD channel 981.
And for example shown in Figure 21, the variation of the bandwidth 981 of TDD base station slightly composes associated roll-off factor with the TDD channel modulation or " α " is relevant.If α is 0.32, the TDD transmitter sends on bandwidth 981a as shown in figure 21; If α is 0.18, the TDD transmitter sends on narrower slightly bandwidth 981b as shown in figure 21.In general, the α value is low more, and the bandwidth of transmission is narrow more, and efficient is high more, yet, also difficult more realization.
The frequency shunting program introduction of Figure 22 in optimum implementation of the present invention, the compossibility of a plurality of integrated base stations 850.Figure 22 illustrates down frequency range 990 and super band 991.Following frequency range 990 is corresponding to user's frequency range 976 of Figure 20, and super band 991 is corresponding to the base station frequency band 977 of Figure 20.A plurality of TDD frequency ranges (passage just) 995,997 separate provision are in following frequency range 990 and super band 991.Similarly, a plurality of GSM channel 994,996 separate provision are in following frequency range 990 and super band 991.Each TDD frequency range 995 or 997 is pressed Figure 21 and 23 and is described, and shows that similar mode has covered a plurality of GSM channels 994 or 996.
Because gsm system is an a kind of FDD/TDMA system, in duplex communication, 104 3 time slots in subscriber station 102 hysteresis base stations support that the timing architecture of communicating by letter with a given subscriber station 102GSM is duplicate on according to two right different frequency ranges of the GSM channel that is used for specific subscriber station 102.The TDD agreement of Fig. 6 only needs the single frequency range support and the duplex communication of a given subscriber station 102.Therefore, for distributing system resource most effectively, the same assembly time frame structure that is deployed in the frequency range 990,991 also should be deployed in the relevant position of other frequency range 990,991.Especially, be defined as and operate in super band 991 (that is, GSM base station frequency band 977) assembly time frame would rather have one to operate in down frequency range 990 (that is assembly time frame of) correspondence, GSM user's frequency range 976, but need the biasing and the hysteresis of three GSM time slots.
Therefore, for example, for an assembly time frame 925 as describing among Figure 15, it supports four TDD users and six GSM users, be defined as and operate in super band 991, its corresponding assembly time frame 925 is supported four additional TDD users, it is defined as and operates in down frequency range 990, but the hysteresis of three GSM time slots 932 is arranged, because gsm system adopts Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD), corresponding GSM time slot has been used for supporting same GSM user to receive the base station to user's communications on the super band passage in following frequency range 990; Therefore corresponding TDD time slot, if be not assigned in another assembly time frame by described mode, then it just may not be used and has been wasted.When so, super band and following frequency range 991,990 all are considered, (one at super band 991 for two assembly time frames, one in following frequency range 990) can support, for example, eight TDD users and six GSM users (the assembly time frame 925 of Figure 15 is adopted in supposition) altogether.
In an optimum implementation, two assembly time frames are served same integrated base stations 850.In this embodiment, TDD base station unit 852 utilizes assembly time frame and another assembly time frame in super band 991 in the frequency ranges 990 down.Assembly time frame same frequency interval by with the user of GSM and base station transmit signals the time separates.(that is, normally 40MHz or 80MHz).Be operated in the subscriber station 102 in the TDD agreement, if be interfered, can be assigned on the different TDD time slots and (carry out the time gas exchange operation), perhaps can be assigned to other frequency range 990 that service is provided by same TDD base station unit 852, (carry out the frequency exchange, carry out time gas exchange sometimes simultaneously) on the TDD time slot in 991.Therefore, when for a given subscriber station 102, disturb when becoming problem, TDD base station unit 852 has many kinds to select to solve.
The integrated base stations 850 of Figure 13 can be by any configuration in the multiple time slot allocation scheme, as is shown in five kinds of time slot allocation schemes among Figure 17 A or the 17B any one.The admissible occasion of a kind of frequency range is only being arranged, preferably adopting the scheme of Figure 17 A, shown in Figure 17 A, supporting that the user of GSM is many more, the user of the TDD that can support is just few more, vice versa.Each integrated base stations 850 can dispose a cover switch, a kind of in like this can five kinds of schemes of artificial selection Figure 17 A, a kind of possible alternative is, each integrated base stations 850 can dispose a software register (as, in ROM), wherein, one of five kinds of schemes of Figure 17 A can be selected by software, for example, by system control program or base station controller 105.
In the occasion that frequency range 991,990 up and down all can be considered, then preferably adopt the scheme of Figure 17 B, in Figure 21 and 23 described embodiments,, there are four TDD passages to support for per three GSM subscriber channels.Therefore, for example,, can support 24 GSM users so if the right whole time slots (that is, a super band assembly time frame and a following frequency range assembly time frame) of assembly time frame are all distributed to GSM user.On the other hand, if the right whole time slots of assembly time frame are all distributed to TDD user, can support 32 TDD users (super band 991 and following frequency range 990 each can support 16 TDD users) so.Figure 17 B shows several other time slots between these two kinds of extreme cases to allocative decision.As Figure 17 A narrates, in the present embodiment, preferably provide hand switch or software register, so that can make one's options from time slot allocation centering to integrated base stations 850.
In the TDD system, each subscriber station 102 " occupies " an available time slot and responds General Query message, in gsm system, subscriber station 102 is gone up at an expectant control passage (being called BCCH) and is started communication, and the BCCH passage is selected as a specific GSM time slot on the specific base stations channel frequence 979 (perhaps may be a plurality of such passages) usually.Subscriber station 102 is determined the position of BCCH passage by the method for frequency sweep, after confirming, the BCCH passage determines time slot, then, subscriber station 102 can be found out the information about neighbor base station 104 from the system information that sends to the user who is monitoring at the BCCH passage, comprise the time slot/channel of their BCCH passages separately.
GSM base station unit 853 generally sends signal with maximum power on the BCCH passage, can be heard by subscriber station 102 far away as far as possible like this, is seeking to start the relative signal power that the subscriber station 102 of communicating by letter or delivering can estimate nearest base station 104., because GSM base station unit 853 exists with maximum power sends the TDD base station unit 850 generation interference of signal and configuration on the BCCH passage possibility.Especially, the BCCH passage can disturb at the signal that high band 991 and TDD base station unit 852 receive; And, because BCCH passage transmission signal is strong, near the frequency interference can " be overflowed " and be entered.Therefore, all predesignate in frequency with on the time owing to the BCCH passage.Best way is that for TDD base station unit 852 disposes the electronic unit that is used to offset interference, it can suppress the transmission signal of BCCH passage when interference occurs on the TDD base station receiver.
Figure 24 A and 24B are the another embodiment figure of assembly time frame, wherein empty time slot (as shown in Figure 7) is used for regularly agreement of TDD, Figure 24 A is at Fig. 7 time frame structure of using empty time slot and the timing relation figure between the GSM time frame structure, in Fig. 2 A, TDD time frame 1002 (being similar to the time frame 601 of Fig. 7) comprises many empty time slots 1003, empty time slot 1003 is labeled as " VS ", put on " M " for subscriber station time period back, put on " B " for base station time period back, and then limit an empty time slot digital identifier.For example, " VS-M3 " represents empty slot time section, during subscriber station in empty time slot NO.3, send signal.In the time frame 1002 of Figure 24 A, always have 16 empty time slots 1003.In Figure 24 A, also show GSM time frame 1012 sequences.Every frame has eight GSM time slots 1013, and in an optimum implementation, the time period 1004 of each empty time slot 1003 (no matter being base station segment or user segment) is identical with the duration of GSM time slot 1013.
Figure 24 B is assembly time frame 1022 schematic diagrames corresponding with the timing architecture of Figure 24 A, it be according to Figure 15, the principle that the assembly time frame 925 in 16 is identical with 945 constitutes.The main distinction is, each empty time slot 1003 is corresponding to two of assembly time frame 1022 time periods 1023 of adjacency not, therefore, assembly time frame 1022 was made up of many time periods 1023, and the time period 1023 is used for regulation GSM time slot 1023b (time period 1023 of each GSM time slot) and the empty time slot 1023a of TDD (empty two time periods 1023 of time slot 1023a of each TDD).
In another embodiment of the invention, time slot is to be assigned with on dynamic basis according to user's needs.Figure 25 is the block diagram with integrated base stations 1050 of dynamic slot distribution capability.In the embodiment of Figure 25, integrated base stations 1050 comprises first base station unit 1052 and second base station unit 1053, GPS receiver 1061, clock generator 1062, the functional similarity of similar counterpart in first base station unit 852 of processor 1060 and free time slot indicating device 1063 and Figure 13.Similarly, processor 1070 and free time slot indicating device 1073 play a part also that similarly counterpart is similar in second base station unit 853 to Figure 13.
In the embodiment of Figure 25, each base station unit 1052,1053 also comprises interface 1065 and 1074 respectively, and they are linked by one group of control signal wire 1069.Interface 1065 in first base station unit 1052 is linked to clock generator 1062, processor 1060 and free time slot indicating device 1063.Interface 1074 in second base station unit 1053 is linked to processor 1070 and free time slot indicating device 1073.By interface 1065,1074 with connect their control signal wire 1069, processor 1060 and 1070 can mutual communication, can inquire the state of free time slot indicating device 1063,1073, under the situation of second base station unit 1053, can obtain regularly and time scale information from clock generator 1062.
In the present embodiment, originally each base station unit 1052,1053 according to the assembly time frame, is used and resident time slot allocation scheme of Figure 13 embodiment similar approach elder generation's preassignment.Yet Figure 25 shows that base station 1050 can dynamically change the time slot allocation scheme according to user's needs.In the present embodiment, each base station unit 1052,1053 free time slot indicating device 1063,1073 information stored are not only which time slot of identification and have been distributed to base station unit 1052 or 1053, and which identifies in institute's distributed time slot using (therefore, conversely, which time slot is available also just having known).Free time slot indicating device 1063 or 1073 also can be checked to obtain the behaviour in service of other base station unit time slot by other base station unit accidentally.
The time slot assigned when base station unit is full soon, and perhaps near certain state, it can be from the outer time interval resource of other base station unit 1052,1053 amount of the claim.This request is carried out on control signal wire 1069, can be called the time slot transfer request.
For example, if second base station unit 1053 or has been expired, that wants it send the time slot transfer request message by interface 1074 by control signal wire 1069, and this message is received at interface 1065, and it should ask notification processor 1060.Processor 1060 is checked its free time slot indicating device 1063, has determined whether that free time slot can use, and can further consider the user's communications requirement of hanging up it and supporting.If processor 1060 determines that it can and not have the user of oneself to output time slot is brought great influence, so, it just distributes one or more time slots to give other base station unit 1053, in order to accomplish this point, at first to change its free time slot indicating device 1063, indicate time slot and distributed to other base station unit 1053 now, on control signal wire 1069, send response message then to second base station unit 1053, notify this unit to need the request of extra slots to be allowed, and notify it to be delivered the particular time-slot that comes.
According to the response message of being received, second base station unit 1053 is adjusted its free time slot indicating device 1073, indicates its available new time slot.Later second base station unit 1053 uses these time slots to distribute to it originally just as them.If request is delivered time slot from second base station unit 1053 after first base station unit 1052, so, second base station unit 1053 is fed back into same time slot first base station unit 1052 usually.Time gas exchange can be finished in second base station 1053 between the user of oneself, to realize that such time slot is delivered back first base station unit 1052.
Therefore, between two base station units 1052,1053 of integrated base stations 1050, carried out the time slot dynamic assignment; Thereby allow to use two kinds of different communication protocols according to user's needs.Each base station unit 1052,1053 is managed the time interval resource of oneself independently, but can as requested time slot be handed to other base station unit 1052,1053.If a kind of communication protocol is preponderated than another kind, that the, system also can provide a kind of priority scheme, like this, one the request that time slot is handed in two base station units 1052,1053 will be paid the utmost attention to.
Each interface 1065,1074 can comprise independently a microprocessor or a microcontroller, with the transmission of finishing control signal and the request and the response of time slot allocation.
Except the embodiment of so far having described, within the scope of the present invention, also can obtain various other and revise and variation.
For example, though optimum implementation is described with two kinds of agreements always ... promptly, the gsm protocol of Fig. 6 and TDD agreement ... principle of the present invention also can expand to the coexistence that comprises two above agreements, the same time distribution technique that has for this reason adopted the front to describe.For example, every kind of agreement can be allocated a particular time-slot in the assembly time frame in advance, and each (would rather every kind agreement one) uses the time slot that is pre-assigned to this agreement in a plurality of base station units.In such embodiments, each base station unit and synchronizing information join, and comprise system's clock and assembly time flag of frame.
In addition, except special those agreements of describing.Separating the agreement of avoiding conflicting between the user other service time also can use.For example, a kind of time sharing system of the assembly time frame of having described before having can be second kind of agreement work with digitlization European Wireless telecommunication (DECT) system protocol with the agreement of Fig. 6 as first kind of agreement.The DECT agreement is a kind of existing well-known agreement, and it adopts time-division multiplexing (TDM), in the Europe exploitation, mainly is deployed in Europe at present.
Though the present invention sets forth with the form of optimum implementation, many modifications and variations still belong to scope of the present invention and utilize spirit of the present invention in addition.After having consulted this specification and accompanying drawing, those of ordinary skill in the art can very clear some modifications or change like this be to belong to scope of the present invention.Thereby, take that these variations and change are in the scope of appended claim as.
Claims (37)
1. communication system comprises:
Be used for first kind of agreement of time division multiple access, this agreement comprises first group of time slot;
Be used for second kind of agreement of time division multiple access, this agreement comprises second group of time slot; With
Carry out communicating devices selectively according to said first kind of agreement or second kind of agreement.
2. according to the communication system of claim 1, the duration of each time slot of wherein said first group of time slot equals an integer time slot of described second group of time slot.
3. according to the communication system of claim 1, wherein said first kind of agreement is the time division duplex agreement, and second kind of agreement is the Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) agreement.
4. according to the communication system of claim 1, wherein said second kind of agreement is gsm protocol.
5. according to the communication system of claim 1, wherein said first group of time slot and second group of time slot constitute the assembly time frame altogether.
6. according to the communication system of claim 1, and then comprise that an integrated base stations, described integrated base stations comprise and be configured to according to first base station unit of said first kind of agreement work and be configured to second base station unit according to said second kind of agreement work.
7. according to the communication system of claim 6 and then be included in synchronizing signal between described first base station unit and second base station unit.
8. according to the communication system of claim 6, wherein said integrated base stations comprises a GPS receiver.
9. communication system comprises:
First base station unit, described first base station unit are according to the first kind of agreement work that is used for time division multiple access communication in first cell;
Second base station unit, described second base station unit are according to the second kind of agreement work that is used for time division multiple access communication in second cell that partly covers with described first cell at least; With
A kind of synchronizing signal that is linked to second base station unit from first base station unit, thus, make and to communicate by letter at first kind between first base station unit and the subscriber station with described first kind of agreement that to communicate by letter at second kind between second base station unit and the subscriber station with second kind of agreement of use be to coordinate, so that the conflict between avoiding described first kind of communication and second kind being communicated by letter.
10. according to the communication system of claim 9, wherein said first base station unit and second base station unit are arranged side by side.
11. according to the communication system of claim 9, wherein said first base station unit and second base station unit use a community antenna at least jointly.
12. according to the communication system of claim 9 and then comprise the GPS receiver of an All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots to a table clock generator, described clock generator is exported described synchronizing signal.
13. according to the communication system of claim 9, wherein said first kind of agreement is the time division duplex agreement, said second kind of agreement is the Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) agreement.
14. according to the communication system of claim 13, wherein said second kind of agreement is gsm protocol.
15. communication system according to claim 13, wherein said second base station unit is sending on first frequency range and is receiving on second frequency range, and wherein said first base station unit sends on the 3rd frequency range that covers described first or second frequency range to small part and receives.
16. according to the communication system of claim 9, wherein said first base station unit is communicated by letter on same frequency range with second base station unit.
17. a communication means may further comprise the steps:
Stipulate first group of time frame, each comprises first group of time slot,
Stipulate second group of time frame, each comprises second group of time slot, and wherein said first group of time slot and second group of time slot are temporarily overlapping; With
In preset time, only optionally communicating by letter on a time slot in said first group of time slot and second group of time slot.
18. method according to claim 17, wherein said in preset time, the step of only optionally communicating by letter on time slot in said first group of time slot and second group of time slot comprises following a few step: carry out in first time slot at said first group of time slot carrying out frequency duplex communications in time division duplex communication and second time slot at said second group of time slot.
19. according to the method for claim 18, this step of wherein said time division duplex communication comprises with the spread spectrum form and sends first message, wherein said this step of frequency duplex communications comprises with the GSM form and sends second message.
20. a communication system comprises:
First base station unit is according to first kind of agreement work, thereby carry out communicating by letter and use the Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) technology between first group of subscriber station and described first base station unit in time slot, described first base station unit is sending on first frequency range and is receiving on second frequency range;
Second base station unit is according to second kind of agreement work, thus communicating by letter between second group of subscriber station and second base station unit finish with time division duplex, described first base station unit sends on one of said first frequency range and second frequency range at least and receives; With
A kind of synchronizing signal between described first base station unit and second base station unit.
21. according to the communication system of claim 20, wherein said first base station unit sends with the GSM form and receives message.
22. according to the communication system of claim 20, wherein said second base station unit sends with the spread spectrum form and receives message.
23. according to the communication system of claim 20 and then comprise a GPS receiver.
24. in a kind of communication system, the communication timing architecture comprises:
The assembly time frame sequence;
In each said assembly time frame, first group of time slot, each time slot are first kind of duration of predesignating; In each said assembly time frame, second group of time slot, each time slot have second kind of duration of predesignating.
25. according to the timing architecture of claim 24, the relative positioning of wherein said first time slot and second time slot is identical in said each combined frames.
26. according to the timing architecture of claim 24, wherein said first time slot is relevant with first kind of communication protocol, second time slot is relevant with second kind of communication protocol.
27. according to the timing architecture of claim 26, wherein said first kind of communication protocol is the time division duplex agreement, second kind of agreement is the Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) agreement.
28. according to the timing architecture of claim 27, wherein said second kind of communication protocol is gsm protocol.
29. according to the timing architecture of claim 25, wherein said first kind of duration of predesignating is to double second kind of duration of predesignating.
30. a communication means may further comprise the steps:
On first frequency range, the message from first kind of base station of first base station unit transmission to the user is to first subscriber station;
On first subscriber station, receive the message of described first kind of base station to the user;
Cover at least in part on second frequency range of described first frequency range from second base station unit send first kind of user to the message of base station to second base station unit;
On second base station unit, receive the message of described first kind of user to the base station;
On second frequency range, the message from second kind of base station of second base station unit transmission to the user is to second subscriber station;
On second subscriber station, receive the message of described second kind of base station to the user;
Separate with first frequency range and distinguishing the 3rd frequency range on, send from described first base station second kind of user to the message of base station to described first base station unit; With
On described second base station unit, receive the message of second kind of user to the base station.
31. method according to claim 30, message to the user sends as spread spectrum message wherein said first kind of user to the message of base station and second kind of base station, and the message of said first kind of base station to user's message and user to the base station sends as arrowband message.
32. according to the method for claim 30, wherein said first base station unit and second base station unit are arranged side by side.
33. according to the method for claim 30, the message of wherein said first kind of base station to user's message and second kind of user to the base station sends according to gsm protocol.
34. according to the method for claim 30, wherein said first frequency range is to be completely contained in second frequency range.
35. in a kind of communication system, the timing architecture of communication comprises:
Duration is 18.46 milliseconds an assembly time frame;
First group of time slot in described assembly time frame, each of described first group of time slot are supported half-duplex gsm communication circuit, be positioned at different frequency ranges on second kind of half-duplex gsm communication circuit corresponding; With
Second group of time slot in described assembly time frame, each of second group of time slot have one the duration that doubles first group of time slot, and each of described second group of time slot supported two half-duplex time-division communication circuits.
36. according to the timing architecture of claim 35, wherein said two half-duplex time-division communication circuits constitute a full duplex time-division communication circuit altogether.
37. according to the timing architecture of claim 35, each duration of wherein said first group of time slot is about 576.92 microseconds, each duration of second group of time slot is about 1153.125 microseconds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96199098 CN1205816A (en) | 1995-10-26 | 1996-10-07 | Coexisting communication systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/548,544 | 1995-10-26 | ||
| CN 96199098 CN1205816A (en) | 1995-10-26 | 1996-10-07 | Coexisting communication systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1205816A true CN1205816A (en) | 1999-01-20 |
Family
ID=5129318
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96199098 Pending CN1205816A (en) | 1995-10-26 | 1996-10-07 | Coexisting communication systems |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1205816A (en) |
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| CN1863006A (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2006-11-15 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for implementing multi-mode coexisting in communication system |
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| CN1512793B (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2010-05-26 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Method and device for radio frequency source distribution in multiple standard radio communication system |
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| CN1863006A (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2006-11-15 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for implementing multi-mode coexisting in communication system |
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| CN102300217A (en) * | 2005-10-10 | 2011-12-28 | 索尼公司 | Cellular communication system and method for coexistence of dissimilar systems |
| CN101573700B (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2012-09-12 | 摩托罗拉移动公司 | Method and apparatus for multiplexing signals having different protocols |
| US8199712B2 (en) | 2007-04-03 | 2012-06-12 | Zte Corporation | System and a method for supporting a plurality of multiple access technology and the frame structure thereof |
| WO2008119231A1 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-09 | Zte Corporation | A system and a method for supporting a plurality of multiple access technology and the frame structure thereof |
| CN101483511A (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-15 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method suitable for multiple TDD system coexistence |
| CN101483511B (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2013-09-18 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method suitable for multiple TDD system coexistence |
| CN103053117A (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2013-04-17 | 诺基亚公司 | Radio system co-existence improvement by data throttling |
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