CN1188586A - Acoustical audio system for producing three dimensional sound image - Google Patents
Acoustical audio system for producing three dimensional sound image Download PDFInfo
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- CN1188586A CN1188586A CN96194939A CN96194939A CN1188586A CN 1188586 A CN1188586 A CN 1188586A CN 96194939 A CN96194939 A CN 96194939A CN 96194939 A CN96194939 A CN 96194939A CN 1188586 A CN1188586 A CN 1188586A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional audio system. The depth, the width and the felt directionality of a sound field relative to auditory systems of two ears are maximized by space and time signal processing. Energy transducers are precisely positioned on the boundary of a sound reverberation listening room (10); each energy transducer (2, 6 or 8) distributes sound with special band width with a single channel (8) or stereo (2 or 6) which depends on the space positions of the energy transducers, to adapt to the auditory systems of the two ears of the audiences (4). The system minimizes the number of the energy transducers and electronic elements which realize the live show performance, which is not related to the dynamic characteristics of the listening room. The amplifier system is applicable to small closed occasions, such as cars, or larger occasions, such as theaters or concert halls, and even outdoor occasions.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to audio system, relate in particular to the room and time signal processing technology in the loudspeaker design, to reach best psychologic acoustics effect.
Background of invention
The playback music makes it as what experienced when music hall or the on-the-spot performance, is audio industry pursuing one's goal for many years.In recent years, usually consider with sound field of Digital Signal Processing reconstruct, to revise input then, in the fluid medium, produce suitable speed and pressure one group of loud speaker by the while measure field sound.As if see Nelson for details, " active control of sound field and sound reproduction " literary composition that P.A.1994 delivered on the 447th to 477 page of " sound and vibration magazine " the 177th (4) phase is implemented from reality, and this method is somewhat laughable.Verify this method, only have a look at the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation slightly and just understood.In theory, one pole and the bi-pole source by relevant volume is set also reappeared pressure and velocity field, can rebuild a kind of sound field equally in certain volume scope.Describe in detail as Nelson, be used to produce the two dimension linear interval between the discrete monopolar/bipolar sound source element of sound source array continuously, be no more than half wavelength (λ/2) at relevant frequency place.Like this, in order in spherical volume, to reset and original identical sound field, need about 4 π D
2/ λ
2Individual each other sound source element.With the words of relative mathematics, in 20 hertz to 10 kilo hertzs frequency range with a row transducer certain sound field of resetting equally, diameter is that 10 meters spheroid needs 1,000,000 each other sound sources! Even frequency range is confined to 1 kilo hertz and sphere diameter is reduced to 1 meter, still needs 100 transducers.
This example is emphasized to need to adopt a kind of new method and principle to come the reconstruct sound field, make the complexity of required sound source number, electronic circuit reduce to minimum, and the physiology course, the binaural system that still utilize people's ear to hear make the degree of depth, width and the directivity relevant with acoustic image experienced reaches maximum.Be desirable to provide a system, opposite with situation about artificially causing by electronic technology, produce sound field or range of sounds from natural environment.
Determine, according to AES high-fidelity standard for rebuilding the typical stereophonic reproducing system that a sound level designs realistically, comprise at least two different signals highlightedly, signal comprises and is suitable for the information that should be heard by audience's auris dextra, and another signal comprises and is suitable for the information that should be heard by audience's left ear.As shown in Figure 1, Xian Dai sound-reproducing system depends on 3 subsystems of transducer.A subsystem is the left voice box 2 that points to audience or listening zone from the left side.Another subsystem is the right voice box 6 that points to audience or listening zone from the right side.Each subsystem is that its audience pointed 4 produces suitable sound.The 3rd subsystem comprises and is the acoustic information of low-frequency limit on the human auditory system, exemplary systems be 500 hertz and below.The transducer 8 of the 3rd subsystem can medially be arranged on audience 4 front or back, because it has been generally acknowledged that because the characteristic distance between typical people's ear is about 0.2 meter, so how many these low frequencies are omnidirectionals.
In being exclusively used in the subsystem of left and right sound channels, there are a plurality of transducers to be installed in each loudspeaker enclosure usually, each transducer can both produce one and limit frequency range, with the sensitivity of each energy transducer in the required bandwidth of suitable crossover network " coupling ".These " artificial satellite " speaker systems only are attached to an aspect of psychologic acoustics sensation in the design.
According to an aspect of the present invention, in order on acoustics, to realize the field of the bigger degree of depth and width, must spatially go up energy transducer is separated with the time, (see azimuth among Fig. 1 and centre and the sagittal plane vertical to be complementary with this azimuth with the directive property of sound on azimuthal plane, and symmetrically with the people to dividing), the audio frequency design limitation of now having known fails to solve the separation of acoustic response degree in stereo aspect.
Preferably be described as the three-dimensional acoustics technology with stereo.This is always in developing imprecise technology, and it comprises that physics, psychologic acoustics and audio electronics learn.In its simplest form, the most common stereo standard comprises double-channel signal information.
Being used for stereosonic some standard comprises: spatiality-arrest the ability of given sound in the Room, wherein, write down various reflections and broadcast afterwards; Tonequality-tone color; Phase linearity-all frequencies arrive on time, and are undistorted on the phase place.The problem of these and other has all formed the guide look in the stereo world such as dynamic characteristic, mutual modulation distortion, mechanical distortion and many other subjective and objective problems.
Yet a kind of restrictive standards has advanced the audio frequency design of adopting stereo mode.This standard-required at recording studio or the method for recording works before the lights identical with the method for replaying of listening numerous generals to hear.This standard is the center with two speaker modes of two sound channels basically.
In a twin loudspeaker was provided with, two loud speakers were separated from each other setting (being positioned at the place ahead of audience), and both distances make it preferably to produce and actual proportional simulation sound level.Relatively original recording, on time and space this sound level be crosstalk, the result of the time of advent and ear-brain relation.Yet this simulation only is a kind of simulate effect, and this effect has become industrial standard.
Adopt this standard, manufacturer, inventor and marketeer carry out competition by what limit this standard such as improved transparency, development, space, clear, tonequality, image, sound level and many other objective and subjective purposes, strive reaching in the scope of standard perfect authenticity.
Purpose of prior art proof is to improve one or more targets of this industrial standard.Manufacturer and inventor do not have realized that and will all frequencies be included in two loudspeaker enclosures, but a loudspeaker enclosure can be isolated low frequency from high frequency, and utilize " three " loudspeaker enclosure to produce required or even improved sound level.
In the automobile that the acoustic seal environment is provided, when adopting plural " back dress " loud speaker at the bonnet of car, can strengthen illusion, helping reflection environment, otherwise will be through carpet and seat loss.
Yet progress makes great efforts to be to improve a kind of twin loudspeaker stereo mode.The needs of dividing the amplifier task have greatly promoted the separation of the transducer that is exclusively used in the different frequency scope of so-called satellite, so, improve the signal quality that the required power of very low frequency signal can not destroy intermediate frequency and high-frequency range.
Beyond binary channels " high-fidelity " played in stereo scene, cinema sound and improvement thereof are arranged, such as Holman THX described in No. 4569076 United States Patent (USP).Yet this purpose is not the purpose that is different from the high fidelity stereophonic sound system.Here, the standard-required audience of good movie theatre sound can hear what the director was heard in projection room.
Like this, no matter be the requirement of the stereo binary channels sound of requirement or the matrix of multichannel cinema, loud speaker, amplifier, signal processor and lead all will design to such an extent that meet the scope of the standard of being set up.
As for standard itself, have as if a recording process, there are these standards in it, such as the Doby standard.
In addition, recognize that various systems and various standard have adopted and illustrated that the requirement to the audio frequency of full bandwidth under nearly all situation is very important.As adopting in the whole application, full bandwidth is defined as 20 hertz to 20 kilo hertzs in the ASO standard, is defined as 16 hertz to 16 kilo hertzs in iso standard.
Adopt frequency segmentation, under the situation such as large-scale concert and other front sound and high-grade application type, segmentation is by phase arrangement, and means it is solution based on constant direction.With their final purpose, these pairs amped system and traditional loud speaker do not have anything different, and be same, and they are not the autonomous systems of the separation that designs for the processing capacity of carrying out particular separation.
In past 10 years, signal processing especially Digital Signal Processing has become the most great breakthrough stereo or the three dimensional sound science.These digital signal processors (DSP) are carried out some tricks of the trade through programming, believe acoustic image greater than its reality with the deception ear, or more true to nature, or more three-dimensional acoustic image.Yet signal processing concentrates on input side always, rather than ad hoc comes from acoustic side.
By the psychologic acoustics DSP of illusion, can cheat the ear-brain relation, make it to believe that some is big or more reflection, but ear is a kind of wonderful instrument.Along with the development that audio electronics is learned, general people can distinguish the difference between recording and the actual sound usually.
Under the environment, we believe that voluntarily some thing is real at the cinema, and certainly, in fact we know that it is not genuine.We are surprised to the technical miracle that the slight water that shows jet plane or whale in the screen spatters sound or ruffian's car tire brake sound.Eh, how true to nature! Yet, probably having only when we just can realize in the cinema that plays sound by state-of-the-art audio system, the sound of the relative cinema of thunder and lightning clap that the outside, cinema is actual is only really.
In human culture, we are near a society that changes.In whole art and scientific domain, sensation itself is just doubtful.Virtual authenticity, multimedia and MIDI are the examples of technical effort for the music synthesizer on basis, to satisfy the serious hope to the authenticity of resetting.These integrated technologies are combined with advanced emulation technology, only are confined to army's training in the past, can go into to have enjoyed for common in specific concentrated amusement place and excursion center now.Very fast, these new forms will enter our family.No matter adopt how many bar passages, use traditional Audiotechnica and speaker system and can not make us possess the ability of " entering actual experience ".Before everything is realized, must change our research method to acoustic applications.Here the unique process that sound the is distributed distinct methods of leaving a kind of uniqueness for goes to solve.Can not make the device of design produce given result and place a kind of environment of never considering and expecting desired result simply.
Nowadays, musician and composer no longer are confined to and must perform this mode of using several centuries to traditional audience before the lights.By MIDI and multichannel recording, the sound that needs whole symphony orchestra to produce before a composer just can make separately.There are not boundary and restriction.Yet we can pass through mutually same speaker playback.
In the stereo standard scope, there is constant power to realize the linearity of response.This target can't be kept out, and can adopt the compromise mode of other several respects sound to realize.These problems have fettered the development of the system that more accurately and more effectively follows authenticity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of four-dimensional audion system, it has made up the selection of transducer, the layout of these transducers and the spectrum division of delivering to the frequency of these transducers, so that be best to appreciator's psychologic acoustics effect.
Another object of the present invention is to provides psychologic acoustics to experience to the appreciator, and it is at appreciator's binaural listening system rather than source of sound.
Realize the different several aspects of these purpose needs combination according to the present invention, i.e. the frequency partition of the type of transducer, spatial placement and audio frequency design, it is not limited to the stereo mode of prior art.This has obtained proof the present invention in a plurality of embodiment of following more complete expression, but the prerequisite of each embodiment is to find the combination of the different aspect of audio system design.
Yet according to the present invention, these each other aspects had better not be used separately.For example, although can adopt super amount transducer to reach required auditory effect, but, can reduce the quantity that produces the required transducer of this effect, and still can produce effect more true to nature by making transducer type add the optimization of its layout and suitable frequency partition.
According to the present invention, the effect of spatial placement is to experience for the sense of hearing of being created to set up the acoustics framework.According to the present invention, this layout changes according to concrete the application, and coordinates with the selection and the frequency partition of transducer, and the experience that makes this application is for best.
The acoustics framework of being set up can change at the group of frequencies of selecting for particular job.In cinema environment or many other occasions towards screen or stage of sight (listening), the high pitch loudspeaker that is positioned at audience's 360 degree angles after one's death will make earflap feel that the room has " space " sense to increase slightly.When power and spectral balance (4 kilo hertzs and more than), psychologic acoustics " illusion " begins the audience placed " in person " experience.Therefore, the combination of transducer type, layout and frequency partition makes this experience for best just.
Designed a kind of four-dimensional audion system, it has utilized the room and time signal processing according to the process of binaural listening system handles sound, with the width and the degree of depth of increase " acoustic image ", and increases general " the melodious point " relevant with stereophonic reproduction.
In according to one embodiment of present invention, this effect for example is to realize like this.Comprehensively for monophony, frequency input range are that one or two woofer of 0 hertz to 250 hertz is arranged on one or two corner, the place ahead of listening to the chamber, will be " center " that 150 hertz to 3 kilo hertzs middle bass drivers is arranged on the audience for monophony, frequency input range comprehensively preferably with preferably.With the frequency input range is that 900 hertz of left and right sides audio tweeters to the 12-16 kilohertz produce a kind of stereo acoustic image, and each loud speaker preferably is centered to be listened between the forward and backward side in chamber, lays respectively at the Zuo Bi and the You Bi that listen to the chamber.By driver medially is arranged on the sidewall of listening to the chamber,, determine the direction that high frequency is sounded with ear by strengthening the maximum sensitivity that different disposal realizes sound source in the ear.The 4th driver, a kind of preferably comprehensively to become monophony, frequency input range be that high-frequency element more than the 4-6 kilohertz to 20 kilo hertz is arranged on the back of listening to the chamber, the effect of a kind of to produce " live broadcast " chamber.By this driver is arranged on the audience after one's death, earflap in fact filtering the radiation of sound, thus with the transmission sound of a decay to ear, it is regarded as a kind of reflection, so produced the effect of a plurality of reverberant fields.
The sound field that is produced not only forms a kind of acoustic environments for listening to indoor appreciator, makes appreciator " on the spot in person ", and imitates this authenticity, make listen to outdoor appreciator also experience acoustic image true to nature just occurring in listen to indoor.
Selection, layout and the frequency partition of each embodiment of the present invention by making up transducer in phase, for sound design provides a kind of new mode, it has overcome the limitation of conventional stereo sound pattern, and sound experience true to nature is provided.
The accompanying drawing summary
From the detailed description of doing below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, can further understanding be arranged to the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the stereo sound configuration vertical view with inferior woofer satellite distribution of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the speaker volume configuration vertical view according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 a is the block diagram of the audio system from sound source to output;
Fig. 3 represents the A weighted curve accepted for the hearing sensitivity of people's ear usually;
Fig. 4 represents surveillance operation image or another embodiment that other visual information constituted;
Fig. 5 is and the relevant directivity function of piston acoustic source (loud speaker);
Fig. 6 is that frequency is the directional radiation figure of 2 inches loud speakers of 1 to 5 kilo hertz;
Fig. 7 is that frequency is the three-dimensional pointing schematic diagram of 2 inches loud speakers of 1 kilo hertz;
Fig. 8 is that frequency is the three-dimensional pointing schematic diagram of 2 inches loud speakers of 5 kilo hertzs;
Fig. 9 is that frequency is the directional radiation figure of 2 inches loud speakers of 1 to 5 kilo hertz;
Figure 10 represents in as shown in Figure 2 the high-frequency apparatus and left speaker, the relevant directive property concept map of right speaker; And
Figure 11 is that frequency is the directional radiation figure of 100 to 300 hertz 8 inches woofers.
Preferred embodiment is described
The sound that the present invention relates to reset and write down on the various medium, the original sound that is produced during with the imitation record.The present invention is applicable to the sealing occasion, extremely surpasses the cinema of 400,000 cubic feet of volumes from typical automobile volume.The present invention also is applied to outdoor environment.This explanation is at embodiments of the invention, and they are related to the audience and create a sound level, is directed to a specific direction, such as pointing to active images or video screen or performance stage.The scene of being created not only make realistically be positioned at indoor or the audience place oneself in the midst of the scene, and when performing just indoor carrying out, with an image projection true to nature to outside the venue or outdoor spectators.The present invention's other application in business environment is along the horizontal plane of listening to, such as with the dining room in take a seat the neat ear of diner the plane set up a uniform sound field.These commerce of the present invention are applied in the relevant application of awaiting the reply and have done developing.
Purpose by described four-dimensional audion system of some embodiment is the width and the degree of depth that increases the acoustic image that shows the audience, set up a kind of " comfortable place " of broadening thus, make the sound of playback have bigger uniformity and can be appreciated, and have nothing to do with its ad-hoc location inside by all kinds of audiences.In order to reach this effect, make the sound field setting with the room and time signal processing.It is relevant with the ad-hoc location of transducer (driver) in the reverberation place that spacing wave is handled, and be applied to the control of reverberation structure in recent years, see that " intellectual material system and structure " 1992 the 4th the 354th to 365 page of phases are last by Clark, R.L., " realizing polyvinylidene fluoride Design of Sensor method in the active structure sound equipment control " literary composition of delivering of R.A.Burdisso and C.R.Fuller; " AIAA instructs and the control magazine " rolled up the 605th to 611 page of the 5th phase in 1985 the 6th and gone up by Bailey, " the distributed piezopolymer active vibration control of cantilever beam " literary composition that T. and J.E.Hubbard deliver; " IEEE control system magazine " the 25th to 30 page of last by Burke, that S.E. and J.Hubbard deliver " adopting the active vibration control of a kind of simple backbar of spatial distribution actuator " literary composition in 1987; " AIAA magazine " rolled up the 1373rd to 1385 page of the 10th phase in 1987 the 25th and gone up by Crawley, " piezo actuator is used as the intelligence structure element " literary composition that E.F. and J.de Luis deliver; The the 434th to 441 page of the 57th phase of " ASME application machine magazine " nineteen ninety is last by Lee, " mode sensor/actuator " literary composition that C.K. and F.C.Moon deliver.It is that specific transformation device is realized required bandwidth of operation selectively that the time signal processing relates to active filter.
The four-dimension refer to three dimensions add the time as fourth dimension to set up required sound field.
The speaker designer of not opening up its whole potential before interblock space and time signal are treated to provides level of freedom and flexibility.Opposite with the microphone that is arranged in the environment that has no reply by a certain fixed range in the conventional loudspeaker design Performance Evaluation, relative binaural listening system, promptly people's ear (transducer of the predetermined usefulness of this system) can be that optimum performance interblock space and time signal are handled.Because transducer is apart inside, filtering (active) and amplification are to rebuild required sound equipment, so speaker system of the present invention is not designed to satisfy some specific Frequency Response in the environment that has no reply respectively.Opposite with traditional design, the sound system of the present invention's design has utilized the binaural listening system, goes up to best with the time on its space inside, and makes sound field width, the degree of depth and the directive property of impression be maximum.
Because this speaker system is the binaural listening system design, so be suitable for commenting on this biosystem.Stereophonic loud-speaker system utilizes people's ability to determine the direction that sound sends.Requirement binaural listening system finds out the driving source in the real world practically, has two kinds of basic skills to determine the position of sound source.Every kind of all obvious difference of method also has effective bandwidth of operation.At first, can determine the direction that sound sends with the ear internal offset (ITD) that sound wave arrives each ear.In frequency lower below 1500 hertz, wave length of sound is greater than the characteristic distance between two ears (general people is about 0.2 meter).So just can determine the different delayed time of sonic propagation.Although should determine that the method for direction can effectively reach 3000 hertz, along with long the reducing of sound wave, its precision is confined between 1000 hertz and 3000 hertz.Frequency is during greater than 3000 hertz, and the main method of determining Sounnd source direction is based on tympanophonia poor by force (IID).In higher frequency with reduce sound wave when long, if sound source is not located immediately at listener's dead ahead, then sound wave partly the formed reality of the head of a quilt " baffle plate " stop.Like this, the sound intensity that comes across in every ear changes the position that will help to distinguish upper frequency sound.
In the sound field of reflection, sealing, will be from the sound of sound source with all directions multiple impact wall, until its decay to be not enough to hear till.Yet for transient acoustic waves, many-sided test shows, though reflected signal (postpone arrive signal) greater than the signal that arrives for the first time, also the direction that arrives for the first time of perceived sounds is the position (Moore, 1989) of sound source.
Oddly enough, the frequency range that wherein is difficult to by ITD or taking one's bearings property of IID information is 1 kilo hertz to 3 kilo hertzs, and people's ear is quite high to the susceptibility of sound in this scope.Therefore, the upper frequency limit that is positioned at the single monophony sound source in audience the place ahead is about 3 kilo hertzs, there is no lively effect on the audio direction of being felt in audible scope, but can be used for producing a centre grade effectively.
At high frequency treatment, by rule, if require stereo acoustic image just to need left and right stereophonic signal.In fact, be that to make IID be the listener's of maximum both sides to detect the IID method of sound source position, to produce about 900 hertz of optimum positions to the stereo transducer of 16 kilo hertzs of bandwidth sound.At the low frequency place, sound wave is long so long, cause the listener can't accurately determine the direction (because its phase place of sound that each ear is heard is approaching) of sound source, therefore, one woofer (bandwidth is 0 to 250 hertz) can be arranged on (dead ahead) on the angle of listening to the chamber, make it the maximum that is coupled as with indoor dynamic characteristic.At last, single monophony high-frequency device (be about 4-6 kilohertz to 20 kilo hertz more than bandwidth) can be arranged near audience's back or the overhead central authorities in the crown, to realize bigger reverberation effect.When sound wave appeared at after one's death, earflap (external ear) diminished sound because of the reflection and the diffraction of high frequency.Also strike ear in the reverberation field reflected sound wave with the sound intensity that reduces than original sound wave.With respect to utilize full bandwidth transducer and signal processing to realize same required effect than intricately, the behind that the driver with higher frequency like this is arranged on the audience can reach the psychoacoustic effect that has more " vividly " sound field.An embodiment of four-dimensional audion system of the present invention designs and has considered existing all problems.Words with the system sensitivity loss, conventional specification means, by audion system provided by the invention is for the transformation device design that is used for the binaural listening system, rather than for be installed in loud speaker in the baffle plate microphone design of a fixed range arranged.Because the tonequality that each device can be reset is conclusive for the whole performance of system, so the planted agent of this system adopts high-quality transformation device.In addition, the relative sensitivity of each transducer is important like that as listening to each indoor device not as it, nature, and the latter and relevant termporal filter coupling, it is unique to listening to indoor device position.Speaker system of the present invention is not limited to home audio system, also can be applied to any reverberation by design listens to indoor, and it is irrelevant with its size, to reach identical ideal effect: the sound wave degree of depth and the width of chamber are listened in (1) increase, (2) have the live impact of performance, and (3) have increased " reverberation degree " of sensorial room acoustics.
The invention provides unique method, it utilizes conventional speaker transducer part and space and time signal to handle, and makes the width of the sound wave image in the four-dimension (time is fourth dimension), the reverberant field and the degree of depth be maximum, and irrelevant with the bulk of sound field.Referring to Fig. 2, the embodiment that the present invention is exclusively used in binaural listening system such as people's ear uses for the chamber of listening to.Through being extensive use of, quoted such fact, promptly the appreciator not only can hear sound, and can experience the vibration from system, as the part of whole experience.
Listen to chamber 10 and can be a room, cinema, meeting room or any other enclosed environment of housing group, sound is offered audience towards predetermined direction.Listen to chamber 10 and comprise antetheca 12, first corner 14, left wall 16, second corner 18 and right wall 20, left wall 16 and right wall 20 extend back from antetheca.Listen to the chamber and can preferably further comprise rear wall 22, floor and ceiling (not shown).Listen to the chamber and may further include door, window and other opening (not shown).
One embodiment of the present of invention are that it comprises at least one center loudspeaker 24 that is centered at basically between left wall 16 and the right wall 20 towards the audio frequency design of being scheduled to the direction in the place ahead at the audience.Center loudspeaker 24 has an input filter, its frequency range from roughly 150 hertz to below 10 kilo hertzs.Incoming frequency to center loudspeaker 24 should be limited to 6 kilo hertzs, preferably even be limited to the 3-4 kilohertz.Center loudspeaker can be the arbitrary class loud speaker that can work in the assigned frequency scope, but preferably be chosen in best sensitivity and performance is arranged in the input range.
The embodiment that appreciates as specialty further comprises the close left speaker 26 of chamber 10 left walls 16 settings and the right speaker 28 that is provided with near right wall 20 listened to.Left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 can spaced apartly separate loud speaker 26,28 to change angle with wall 16 and 20, allow appreciator 30 to sit or stand therebetween.Although left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 preferably are located immediately at appreciator 30 both sides, within the scope of the invention, loud speaker 26 and 28 can be arranged on the front or the back of this exact position, but be preferably relative antetheca 12, left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 be arranged on the back of center loudspeaker 24.Moreover, also can settle a plurality of loud speakers that same frequency parameters is arranged with left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 respectively along left and right wall 16 and 18.
According to the present invention, each of described left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 all has input filter, its frequency range is essentially 900 hertz at least 12 kilo hertzs, is set up the acoustic image of a Breadth Maximum and is produced stereophonic effect by left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 thus.The frequency range of left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 can expand to 16 kilo hertzs.The left and right sides loud speaker can be the arbitrary class loud speaker that can work in designated frequency range, but preferably be chosen in best sensitivity and performance is arranged in its input range.
In conjunction with left speaker 26 and right speaker 28,24 pairs of sound fields of center loudspeaker form the center acoustic image and the bigger degree of depth.
The embodiment that appreciates as specialty preferably further comprises at least one woofer 32, and it has at least one low-pass filtering input, and its cut-off frequency preferably is below 600 hertz less than 1000 hertz.According to the present invention, wish the performance of inferior woofer is limited to below 600 hertz, to avoid the location of low frequency signal, allow simultaneously to produce to reach 550 hertz partials, it helps the authenticity of low-frequency sound.Inferior woofer input can further be limited to below 250 hertz.
According to the present invention, inferior woofer 32 is listened to place of facing the wall and meditating, chamber and is coupled with this dynamic characteristic of listening to the chamber by contiguous being arranged on.This woofer 32 preferably places a corner 14.System can comprise woofer 34 second time, places another corner 18.Inferior woofer can be any loud speaker that can work in designated frequency range, but preferably be chosen in optimum sensitivity and performance is arranged in the input range.Inferior woofer can be driven by the output channel of a separating amplifier, and it has made up the two passes input from sound source.In addition, inferior woofer also can be driven by wherein output of multi-channel amplifier, and it handles the two passages input from sound source.
The preferred embodiment of specialty audion system further comprises high-frequency element or transducer 36, and its frequency bandwidth roughly extends to the upper limit of this device from the 4-6 kilohertz, generally greater than 20 kilo hertzs, but be at least 15 kilo hertzs.As the amplifier of high-frequency element, it is the part of multi-channel amplifier, or a special-purpose amplifier of high-frequency element, and it preferably is equipped to the also single output of high-frequency element in pairs of two signal inputs from sound source.
High-frequency element 36 preferably is installed in the back and occupies the center of listening to the chamber ceiling, promptly vertically exceeds a left side and right speaker.High-frequency element 36 should be provided with backward from antetheca 12, is not less than the distance that left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 are provided with backward from antetheca 12.This high-frequency element 36 can adopt any transducer that high quality sound can be provided in specified scope.
Referring to Fig. 2 a, provide the audio system of drive signal to comprise that source 38 takes place the audio frequency in order to produce many passages or audio signal to loud speaker, they can be CD player, cinefilm sound recorder, video cassette recorder or magnetic tape station.Sound source 38 is presented to signal processing circuit 40, and the latter can comprise that preamplifier and crossover network are used for amplifying signal, and utilizes active or passive crossover network to separate each frequency for different loud speakers but have predetermined overlapping each other.Crossover network can be in being roughly 900 hertz to 12 kilo hertzs frequency range, for the left and right side loud speaker provides two or many passages.Signal processing circuit 40 is also by two or many passages comprehensive monophonic signal of high-frequency signal generation more than 5 kilo hertzs, to drive high-frequency element.Signal processing circuit further produces the monophonic signal of comprehensive two or many low frequency signals, driving time woofer and center loudspeaker, and adopts two or more overlapping bands.
The signal that is produced by signal processing circuit 40 amplifies through amplifier system 42, with the transducer or the loud speaker 44 of drive system.Amplifier system 42 can comprise the input of two of single audio frequency amplifier receptions or many passages, and produces multichannel output.In addition, can drive center loudspeaker 24, drive left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 by second audio frequency amplifier by first audio frequency amplifier.Center loudspeaker, inferior woofer and high-frequency element equally can be by driving with suitable filtering and the separating amplifier that is aggregated into single signal feed.
The novelty location (spacing wave processing) and the frequency bandwidth (time signal processing) of each transducer shown in Figure 2 are critical in four-dimensional study of sound field, it can experience bigger the sound width and the degree of depth than the speaker system of routine, listens to indoor " melodious point " thereby expanded.With stereo opposite, the signal of telecommunication of delivering to driver 24,32,34 and 36 preferably all is monaural.Unique stereophonic signal is delivered to driver 26 and 28 in the preferred embodiment.The left and right stereophonic signal of binaural listening system requirements can be delivered to transducer 26 and 28 effectively, " to find " effectively or " determining " driving source.
In azimuthal plane, there are two kinds of basic mechanism can determine the direction that sound sends: time difference (ITD) and (2) tympanophonia poor by force (IID) in (1) ear.The time difference (ITD) utilizes the time delay between the sound that enters each relative ear to determine the direction that sound sent in the ear.The width of supposing head is about 0.2 meter, because the aerial wavelength (Λ) of 1667 hertz of sound is about 0.2 meter, the velocity of sound (c) is about 340 meter per seconds, so method acts on the best when the frequency that is about below 1667 hertz.Yet according to the incidence angle of sound, acting on when being about 3000 hertz high of ITD method is restricted.Tympanophonia poor by force (IID) utilizes the sound intensity of each ear to change to determine the direction that sound sent.Appreciator 30 head causes that as a baffle plate incident acoustic wave produces reflection and diffraction when high frequency (greater than 3000 hertz), cause the sound intensity according to the angle of incident evident difference to be arranged.Can expect, because ITD can not accurately determine direction too greatly, can not accurately determine direction and IID is too little, so there is a bandwidth (being about 1000 hertz to 3000 hertz), wide somewhere around here interior both can not work very effectively.See Stevens, " location of actual sound source " literary composition that S.S. and E.B.Newman delivered in 1936 on " American Journal of Psychology " the 48th phase 297-306 page or leaf.
According to the present invention, the center loudspeaker 24 that is positioned at " central segment " can be accepted the monophonic signal between 150 hertz to 3000 hertz, it drops on the listen to environment of low frequency to intermediate frequency sound wave scope, the stereo acoustic image of can deterioration not set up by left speaker 26 and right speaker 28.With respect to the characteristic frequency response that occurs in the biomethanics conversion in the ear, this sound bandwidth is very important.As shown in Figure 3, the frequency response of ear is represented with the A-weighted curve usually.The A-weighting is a common method of power being distributed to a kind of measurement, and this measurement obtains with energy transducer such as microphone, and it relates to the sensitivity of ear at this frequency place.See Kinsler, L.E., A.R.Frey, A.B.Coppens and J.V.Sanders nineteen eighty-two are at Canadian John Wiley﹠amp; The article of delivering on " acoustics principle " third edition 246-278 page or leaf that Sons company publishes.Figure 3 shows that the peak sensitivity of the ear that takes place between 2000 hertz and 3000 hertz, so just can use center loudspeaker 24 " filling " " central segment ", be provided with because it is the center, its sound can deterioration acoustic image.
In very low frequency, about below 350 hertz the time, ear depends on ITD and determines the position that sound sends; Yet when 350 hertz frequencies were following, the wavelength of sound had surpassed the diameter of head, makes low-frequency sound present omnirange.Like this, inferior woofer 32 and 34 can be accepted monophonic signal and in order to producing whole bass response, and can deterioration to the sensation of acoustic image. Inferior woofer 32 and 34 is positioned at the corner, front of listening to the chamber, equally also utilizes spacing wave to handle. Inferior woofer 32 and 34 is positioned at a kind of mechanism is provided in the corner, make it to be coupled to whole room with very low frequency, and improved the sensitivity that has sharp ears be reduced the zone in effective acoustic power, as shown in Figure 3.
In order to confirm this explanation, a kind of typical room acoustics pattern when considering low frequency, wherein typical density is enough to be low to moderate a kind of like this pattern of support.This typical pattern can be tried to achieve from the homogeneity ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION:
[
2+ k
2] (x, t)=0. (1) wherein, for p
2Be the laplacian in the suitable coordinate system (be rectangle, cylindrical or the like, depend on the shape of listening to the chamber respectively), k is the sound wave number, and (x t) is the acoustic pressure at vector field point x place to P.If one group of answer to separable partial differential equation on the room and time:
Wherein, P
n(t) be the interior response of general coordinate, Ψ
n(x) for listening to the n kind acoustic mode form of chamber.This point is confirmed, and sees that " theoretical acoustics " the 576th to 599 page that Princeton university press published in 1986 goes up by Morse the article that P.M. and K.U.Ingard deliver; " acoustics " 284-286 that Acoustical Society of America published in 1989 goes up by Pierce, the article that A.D. delivers; In " sound and structural vibration " literary composition that New York Academic publishing house 1985 publishes by Fahy, the article that F. delivers.The acoustic mode form that rectangle is listened to the chamber can be expressed as follows:
Wherein, A
nBe the amplitude of form, L
xBe the size of listening to the chamber on the x direction, n
xBe to be used for the morphological indices of x direction and to be equally applicable to surplus variable.
The key observation of being done is, and is irrelevant with morphological indices if radiating surface is positioned at a corner of listening to the chamber, because the locus is corresponding to the maximum of cosine function, so each cosine term is an integer.This mathematical result shows that sound source can evenly be coupled to all acoustic modes of listening to the chamber effectively, and with being lower than this pattern of uniform phase excitation (except rigid body mode) of listening to chamber first resonance frequency.For be of a size of 3.5 meters * 4 meters * 2.4 meters typically listen to the chamber, can calculate the resonance frequency (f of first acoustic mode from following formula
n):
Therefore, for this size, first resonance occurs in about 70 hertz.In addition, owing to the amplitude of cosine term along with the increase with surface distance reduces, so in fact sound source can be arranged on the position that certain distance is arranged with the corner, handle spatially " attenuating " by spacing wave and listen to the response of chamber loud speaker.
For the radiation characteristic of loud speaker is discussed, the loud speaker radiation model of a simplification will be shown now.For the purpose of discussing, acoustic driver is modeled as the piston source.Can go up by Fahy by " sound and the structural vibration " the 241st to 260 page that New York Academic publishing houses in 1985 publish, the literary composition that F. delivers, represent far field pressure radiation from the vibration type piston source:
Wherein, p is a far field pressure, and t is the time, and j is-1 square root, ρ
0Be atmospheric density, c is the velocity of sound of air, and k is the sound wave number, and a is piston (loud speaker) diameter, V
nBe the speed of piston, J
1Be the first-order bessel function of first kind of mode, θ is the angle of normal direction to piston face.Function in the bracket is as directional factors H (θ), and can be expressed as follows:
This is equivalent to the equation of given diameter loud speaker when frequency is enough low.Expression is as the direction factor curve H of the function of ka sin (θ) among Fig. 5.Notice that independent variable ka sin (θ) is the function (whole wave number k) of angle and frequency.This frequency and angular relationship have produced the directive property figure that changes with frequency.Most loud speakers omnirange that when low frequency, is as the criterion, but one or more lobes are arranged when high frequency, it strengthens the SPL emission when θ equals 0, and reduces rapidly along with the increase of angle θ.
IID is used to locate the sound wave image and lays equal stress on and put frequency at the stereophonic field more than 3 kilo hertzs, and like this, left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 preferably are positioned at the centre of listening to the chamber, makes IID reach maximum as shown in Figure 2.As for " central segment " of being advised, the either side that transducer is arranged on listeners head all will produce maximum IID, and it comes from the service of psychoanalysis acoustics perspective, to increase the width of sound wave image.
Below several sections will explain this notion.Fig. 6 represents to be 1000 hertz to 5000 hertz left speaker 26 and directive property curve right speaker 28, a kind of typical 2 inch diameter drivers as frequency range.Notice that until about 2 kilo hertzs, this driver all is omnidirectional, but in the time of 4 kilo hertzs, the frequency response that q place equals to add and subtract 90 frequency responses and 0 of spending when spending is relatively lowered about 30 decibels.As seen, in the time of 5 kilo hertzs, this response comprises 3 lobes of nodal circle cone about positive and negative 50 degree.Fig. 7 illustrates a kind of three dimensional representation with 1 kilo hertz of directive property.Notice that this response almost is omnidirectional.Otherwise Fig. 8 shows the directive property with 5 kilo hertzs of examples of dimensional Graphics.As previously mentioned, most of response concentrates on the q place less than 50 degree.Fig. 9 represents to be operated in 5 kilo hertzs of directive property to the same driver of 15 khz frequency scopes by what 2.5 kilo hertzs of increments drew.To this frequency range, this response has comprised the lobe between 3 and 9 quantity, and angle surpasses 45 when spending from normal value, and pressure response is 20 decibels or higher.
As previously mentioned, found sensation for the frequency more than 3 kilo hertzs with this mode to direction.In addition, as for transient signal, the sensation overwhelming majority of direction is subjected to the influence (seeing Moore one literary composition, 1989) of the direction relevant with the sound of first arrival.Like this, if sound at first arrives ear by directapath from loud speaker, arrive ear by reflection path (because of indoor reflection) again after sometime, then the binaural listening system feels that this sound source is to be positioned at the first time to arrive on the corresponding direction.As for diameter 2 inches left speaker 26 and right speaker 28, at frequency place greater than 4 kilo hertzs, acoustic response is a short transverse, at this moment, because of the directapath from the driver to the ear, and, will feel that in position shown in Figure 2 stereo crosstalk increases because of direct signal (because directive property of driver) the response enhancing of reflected signal relatively.Figure 10 has explained this notion in schematic form, when its expression frequency is 5 kilo hertzs, and the typical directivity pattern of left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 (being assumed to be 2 inches drivers) and tweeter 36 (being assumed to be 1 inch driver).When the people when listening to indoor walking about, can produce left and right sound channels stereo image clearly, thereby make the audience benefit from " the melodious point " of broadening.People needn't be sitting in and appreciate complete sound equipment experience in the very narrow zone.In a sense, opposite with situation away from stage, the audience is " before the lights " between stanza.From feeling that consequently the width in room has increased.If people as a transducer array, obviously and the location independent of audience in the room, can feel complete left and right sound channels with left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 equally.It is 900 hertz to 16 kilo hertzs that the bandwidth of stereophonic signal is delivered to these transducers.Except very young audience, generally the bandwidth range that can hear is about 50 hertz to 15 kilo hertzs, so stereo image is clearly in the bandwidth range that offers left speaker 26 and right speaker 28.The Moor that on " auditory psychology is learned and crossed the threshold " third edition of New York Academic publishing house publication in 1989, delivers, B.C.J. point out in the literary composition, usually the most of stereo image technology that adopt depend on the difference of signal amplitude between each sound channel and do not rely on time delay, and are suitable for the setting of left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 thus fully.
Figure 11 represents can be as the directive property of the driver of 8 preferable inch diameters of shown in Figure 2 woofer 32 and 34, and frequency is corresponding to 100,200 and 300 hertz.As seen, this driver is omnidirectional fully up to 300 hertz the time, and like this, its direction with respect to the room is not really important.
At last, in order to finish the acoustics envelope of setting up for audience 30, high frequency driver 36 is arranged on the back of listening to the chamber or is centered on the crown.Be added to and be monophony in the set of signals of this device, frequency range is the upper limit of 4-6 kilohertz device, surpasses 20 kilo hertzs of design standards.The psychologic acoustics target of this device is to set up the sound wave illusion with more reverberant fields.High-frequency sound absorbs by listening to indoor audience, carpet, seat and other sound-absorbing material usually.From the beginning the sound that send at rear because earflap will be decayed naturally, so high-frequency element 36 produces the illusion that how live sound field is arranged, but can deterioration sound wave image, see that " Acoustical Society of America's magazine " the 58th phase that Hebrank in 1975 and Wright publish goes up by Hebrank " determining the used spectrum lines of sound source position on mid-plane " literary composition that J.H. and D.Wright deliver.This decay and sound wave leave reverberation, and to listen to the decay that the reflection naturally of chamber taken place be consistent.
Four-dimensional audion system according to the present invention has obtained the support of the described principle of psychologic acoustics, and has utilized with people and solve the sound sender to the corresponding to room and time signal processing of the method that is adopted, and makes psychoacoustic influence reach maximum.Transducer accommodation is also accepted instantaneous filtering signal, listens to the sound wave width and the degree of depth of chamber with increase, and generation is listened to the indoor more consistent sound field of live performance with reverberation.
Relate in particular to a kind of and audiovisual performance such as watching the relevant specialty sensation of active images with the corresponding to an alternative embodiment of the invention of these principles.Referring to Fig. 4, constitute this configuration according to the mode similar to above-mentioned professional embodiment.Especially, according to above explanation, this system can comprise center loudspeaker 24, left speaker 26, right speaker 28, inferior woofer 32 and high-frequency element 36.In addition, another embodiment may further include left-rear loudspeaker 46 and right lateral side loud speaker 48, and its frequency input range is identical with right speaker 28 and left speaker 26 basically.Left-rear loudspeaker 46 and right lateral side loud speaker 48 preferably are positioned at the back of left speaker 26 and right speaker 28 relative antethecas 12.Listen to chamber 10 and can comprise active images display screen 50 or the televimonitor that is positioned on the antetheca 12, with towards in the face of the spectators of antetheca 12 and video information is provided.
Although more than describe embodiments of the invention in detail, the present invention is not limited to these detailed descriptions.Can also make other application and embodiment to the present invention according to above description.Therefore, scope of the present invention is only determined by appending claims.
Claims (20)
1. four-dimensional audion system, be used for indoorly coming to appreciation personally listening to by the binaural listening system, this chamber of listening to has an antetheca, it is at left wall of first corner adjacency, at right wall of second corner adjacency, this Zuo Bi and right wall extend back from antetheca, it is characterized in that described audion system comprises:
Basically be centered at the center loudspeaker between Zuo Bi and the right wall, the incoming frequency scope of described center loudspeaker is essentially 150 hertz to below 10 kilo hertzs, and thus, center loudspeaker produces a center image and the bigger degree of depth to sound field; And
Contiguous left speaker and the vicinity of listening to the wall setting of a left side, chamber listened to the right speaker that the right wall in chamber is provided with, the incoming frequency scope of each of described left speaker and right speaker is essentially 900 hertz to 12 kilo hertzs, thus, left speaker and right speaker produce the acoustic image of a Breadth Maximum and produce stereophonic effect.
2. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the incoming frequency scope of center loudspeaker is not more than 6 kilo hertzs.
3. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the incoming frequency scope of center loudspeaker has the upper frequency band edge that is not more than 3 kilo hertzs.
4. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that further comprising at least one woofer, this woofer has at least one cut-off frequency and is lower than 1000 hertz low pass filter input, described woofer makes time woofer and the dynamic characteristic of listening to the chamber be coupled in abutting connection with a wall setting of listening to the chamber thus.
5. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the cut-off frequency of low-pass filtering input is lower than 600 hertz.
6. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that time woofer is arranged on one of first corner and second corner.
7. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that further comprising the high-frequency element that is centered at basically between Zuo Bi and the right wall, described high-frequency element is provided with backward from antetheca, it is apart from being not less than the distance that left speaker and right speaker are provided with backward from antetheca, the input of described high-frequency element expands to more than 15 kilo hertzs, high-frequency element is produced have the sensation of bigger reverberation.
8. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that the input range of high-frequency element is essentially 4 kilo hertzs to more than 20 kilo hertzs.
9. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that the chamber of listening to is the room, and it has rear wall relative with described antetheca and described Zuo Bi of adjacency and right wall.
10. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that the cut-off frequency of time woofer is essentially 250 hertz.
11. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that the input of left speaker and right speaker expands to 16 kilo hertzs.
12. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that left speaker and right speaker are positioned at the back of center loudspeaker and time woofer backward from antetheca.
13. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that high-frequency element is arranged to vertically be higher than left speaker and right speaker.
14. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that the high-frequency element vicinity listens to the ceiling setting of chamber.
15. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that further comprising left-rear loudspeaker, right lateral side loud speaker and front side loud speaker, the frequency input range of each loud speaker is essentially 900 hertz to 12 kilo hertzs, described front side loud speaker is centered between Zuo Bi and the right wall basically, described left-rear loudspeaker and right lateral side loud speaker are positioned at the back of described left speaker and right speaker backward from antetheca, and described front side loud speaker is positioned at the back of described left speaker and described right speaker and the front of described left-rear loudspeaker and described right lateral side loud speaker backward from antetheca.
16. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that further comprising the video screen that is arranged on left speaker and right speaker the place ahead from antetheca backward.
17. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that the chamber of listening to has ceiling, described center loudspeaker is provided with near this ceiling.
18. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that further comprising multichannel sound source and amplifier system, the input of audio signal as described center loudspeaker, left speaker, right speaker, inferior woofer and described high-frequency element is provided.
19. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that described multichannel sound source and amplifier system to the left each loud speaker of loud speaker, right speaker, center loudspeaker the output of each bar passage is provided, provide comprehensive monophonic signal to inferior woofer, provide second comprehensive monophonic signal to high-frequency element.
20. four-dimensional audion system as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that further comprising multichannel sound source and amplifier system, in order to provide audio signal as described center loudspeaker, described left speaker, described right speaker, described woofer, described high-frequency element, described left-rear loudspeaker, the input of described right lateral side loud speaker and described front side loud speaker, described multichannel sound source and amplifier system are described left speaker, described right speaker, described center loudspeaker, described right lateral side loud speaker, each loud speaker of described left-rear loudspeaker and described front side loud speaker provides each bar passage output, for inferior woofer provides comprehensive monophonic signal, for high-frequency element provides second comprehensive monophonic signal.
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| US08/426,822 | 1995-04-21 | ||
| CN96194939A CN1188586A (en) | 1995-04-21 | 1996-04-19 | Acoustical audio system for producing three dimensional sound image |
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