CN117713570A - Offshore wind power HVDC converter, control method, equipment and medium - Google Patents
Offshore wind power HVDC converter, control method, equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of offshore wind power direct current transmission, and particularly relates to an offshore wind power HVDC converter, a control method, equipment and a medium. Aiming at the defects of the existing offshore wind power HVDC converter with a parallel structure, such as large number of submodules, high cost and large volume and weight, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an offshore wind power HVDC converter comprises a DRU unit; a VSC unit; the interface unit comprises a cascading half-bridge structure, a device serial structure and an interface direct current inductor; the DRU unit and the VSC unit are connected in parallel on the alternating current side, the direct current side is connected through an interface unit, the positive electrode of the cascading half-bridge structure is connected to the positive electrode of the DRU unit, the interface direct current inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the VSC unit, the negative electrode of the cascading half-bridge structure and the positive electrode of the device series structure, and the negative electrodes of the DRU unit and the VSC unit are connected to the negative electrode of the device series structure. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the number of devices is reduced, and the cost, weight and volume of the converter are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of offshore wind power direct current transmission, and particularly relates to an offshore wind power HVDC converter, a control method, equipment and a medium.
Background
In deep open sea offshore wind power systems, high voltage direct current transmission (High Voltage Direct Current, HVDC) is the most economical and efficient transmission means due to the large power and long distance to be transmitted. At the same time, as the transmission scale increases, the capacity required of offshore HVDC sink converters is also increasing.
Currently, modular multilevel converters (Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC) are widely used as the preferred solution for offshore wind power HVDC offshore sink converters. However, as capacity increases substantially, MMC own costs, footprint and weight will also increase substantially. The large increase in MMC capacity will result in a large increase in installation difficulty and cost of the offshore platform due to the need to be located on the offshore platform.
In order to achieve the light weight, the compact and the low cost of the offshore wind power HVDC collection converter station and the offshore installation platform thereof, a hybrid structure HVDC converter based on a diode rectifying unit (Diode Rectifier Unit, DRU) and an MMC becomes an effective scheme for constructing the deep open sea wind power offshore converter. The topology of the most conventional inverter of parallel configuration is shown in fig. 1. Although there is also a converter scheme in which DRUs and MMCs are connected in series, the series scheme has the technical problem that DRUs and MMCs have different current capacity and are difficult to match; at the same time, the series scheme does not provide an efficient black start strategy for the hybrid converter.
However, since the MMC part is directly connected to the HVDC, a large number of half-bridge modules are required to solve the problem of high voltage, which brings about a large number of uses of power electronics and distributed capacitors, and the cost is still high. Therefore, a more optimized topological structure and a control method are constructed, the cost of the hybrid structure HVDC converter is further reduced, the compactness and the light weight degree of the hybrid structure HVDC converter are improved, and the hybrid structure HVDC converter has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing parallel structure of the offshore wind power HVDC converter, such as large quantity of submodules, high cost and large volume and weight, the invention provides the offshore wind power HVDC converter, which obviously reduces the use of power electronic devices and distributed capacitors and obviously reduces the construction cost, weight, volume and occupied area of the converter. The invention also provides a control method of the offshore wind power HVDC converter, a computer device and a computer readable storage medium.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an offshore wind power HVDC converter comprising:
a DRU unit;
a VSC unit;
the interface unit comprises a cascading half-bridge structure, a device serial structure and an interface direct current inductor;
the DRU unit and the alternating current side of the VSC unit are connected in parallel, the direct current side of the DRU unit and the direct current side of the VSC unit are connected through an interface unit, the positive electrode of the cascading half-bridge structure is connected to the positive electrode of the DRU unit, the interface direct current inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the VSC unit, the negative electrode of the cascading half-bridge structure and the positive electrode of the device serial structure, and the negative electrodes of the DRU unit and the VSC unit are connected to the negative electrode of the device serial structure.
The invention relates to an offshore wind power HVDC converter, which comprises a DRU unit, a VSC unit and an interface unit, wherein the interface unit comprises a cascading half-bridge structure, a device serial structure and an interface direct current inductor, and the interface unit realizes voltage conversion from high voltage level to medium voltage level and power transmission in the offshore wind power HVDC converter; the cascade half-bridge structure and the device series structure realize the supply of medium-voltage direct-current voltage to the VSC unit through coordination of control, and realize power transmission between different voltage levels; the interface direct current inductor ensures the current continuity of the interface unit and reduces current ripple; through the unique design of the interface unit, the obtained novel hybrid structure mainly comprises a DRU unit and a VSC unit, the use of power electronic devices and a distributed capacitor is obviously reduced, and the cost, the weight, the volume and the occupied area of the converter are greatly reduced. The DRU unit and VSC unit may take an existing structure. The VSC (Voltage Source Converter, VSC) is a voltage source converter.
As an improvement, the cascade half-bridge structure comprises a plurality of half-bridge sub-modules which are connected in series, wherein the half-bridge sub-modules are unidirectional voltage bidirectional current type sub-modules. The unidirectional voltage bidirectional current type sub-module can adopt the existing structure.
As an improvement, the half-bridge submodule comprises a high-voltage direct-current capacitor C, two semiconductor switching devices S 1 And S is 2 Two diodes D 1 And D 2 Semiconductor switching device S 1 And diode D 1 Semiconductor switching device S 2 And diode D 2 Respectively connected in parallel and then connected in series, and connected in parallel with a high-voltage direct-current capacitor C, and a connection point near one end of the negative electrode is positioned in a semiconductor switching device S 2 And the connection point near one end of the positive electrode between the high-voltage direct-current capacitor C is positioned between the two semiconductor switching devices S 1 And S is 2 Between them.
As an improvement, the device series structure comprises a plurality of device modules connected in series, wherein the device modules comprise semiconductor switching devices and diodes connected in parallel. The device module may take on existing structures.
As an improvement, the DRU unit completes more than 90% of active power transmission, and the VSC unit completes reactive compensation function and residual active power transmission; the interface unit has a voltage reduction function, the VSC unit is a medium-voltage VSC unit, and the direct-current port voltage of the VSC unit is 5kV-20kV.
A control method of an offshore wind power HVDC converter is applied to the offshore wind power HVDC converter, and is used as the integral direct current port voltage of the converterU dc When being controlled by an external direct current power grid, the cascade half-bridge structure adopts a sequencing voltage equalizing method to ensure that the self voltage is equal toU dc By controlling each cycleTLatch-up duty cycle of internal device series configurationDThe step-down control of the direct current voltage of the VSC unit is realized.
As an improvement of a control method, during steady-state operation, the cascade half-bridge structure adopts a sequencing voltage equalizing method to ensure that the direct current voltage of the cascade half-bridge structure is the same as the direct current voltage of the cascade half-bridge structureN SM U CSM Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,N SM the number of sub-modules to be put into the cascade half-bridge structure at the same time,U CSM the average voltage value of the capacitor of the half-bridge sub-module in the cascaded half-bridge structure;
interface DC inductor in one periodL dcVSC The current ripple in (c) should be kept balanced, expressed as:
(1)
in the method, in the process of the invention,U dc the overall dc port voltage of the hybrid converter;U dcVSC a direct current port voltage for the VSC unit;L dcVSC the inductance value of the interface direct current inductor;Dfor each cycleTThe latch-up duty cycle of the internal device series structure.
From formula (1):
(2)。
as an improvement of the control method, the interface unit adopts chopper control; after the interface unit realizes the step-down control, the VSC unit adopts the conventional methodV-fNet-structured double closed loopAnd (5) controlling.
An electronic device comprising a processor and a storage medium having stored therein a computer program which when executed by the processor implements a method of controlling an offshore wind power HVDC converter as described above.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed, implements a method of controlling an offshore wind power HVDC converter as described above.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a conventional DRU and MMC parallel hybrid structure HVDC converter.
Fig. 2 is a topology diagram of an offshore wind power HVDC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a topology diagram of sub-modules of a cascaded half-bridge structure of interface units of an offshore wind power HVDC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an interface unit step-down control method of an offshore wind power HVDC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a VSC unit of an offshore wind power HVDC converter according to an embodiment of the present inventionV-fA schematic diagram of a network construction double closed-loop control method.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions of the inventive embodiments of the present invention is provided only for the preferred embodiments of the invention, but not all. Based on the examples in the implementation manner, other examples obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort fall within the scope of protection created by the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, an offshore wind power HVDC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:
a DRU unit;
a VSC unit;
the interface unit comprises a cascading half-bridge structure, a device serial structure and an interface direct current inductor;
the DRU unit and the alternating current side of the VSC unit are connected in parallel, the direct current side of the DRU unit and the direct current side of the VSC unit are connected through an interface unit, the positive electrode of the cascading half-bridge structure is connected to the positive electrode of the DRU unit, the interface direct current inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the VSC unit, the negative electrode of the cascading half-bridge structure and the positive electrode of the device serial structure, and the negative electrodes of the DRU unit and the VSC unit are connected to the negative electrode of the device serial structure.
In this embodiment, the DRU unit transmits the main body active power of the offshore wind power HVDC converter.
In this embodiment, the VSC unit realizes ac side grid control of the offshore wind power HVDC converter, and the VSC unit also balances the internal active power and the overall reactive power.
In this embodiment, the interface unit mainly realizes voltage conversion from high voltage level to medium voltage level in the offshore wind power HVDC converter. The cascade half-bridge structure and the device series structure realize the supply of medium-voltage direct-current voltage to the VSC unit through the coordination of control and realize the power transmission between different voltage levels; the interface direct current inductor ensures the current continuity of the interface unit and reduces current ripple.
Referring to fig. 2, the offshore wind farm is connected to a point of common coupling (Point Of Common Coupling, PCC). The ac side of the DRU units and VSC units are connected to the PCC.
In this embodiment, the VSC unit is a centralized dc capacitor common voltage source converter, i.e. a two-level VSC or a three-level VSC.
In this embodiment, the interface unit is composed of a cascaded half-bridge structure, a device serial structure and an interface dc inductor, and no centralized dc capacitor exists in the interface unit. The centralized dc capacitance is a capacitance directly connected to the HVDC bus, and not connected by power electronics. When the centralized direct current capacitor exists in the interface unit, the centralized direct current capacitor discharges when the direct current fails, and the fault current is increased, so that the time and the cost for processing the fault are increased.
Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, the cascaded half-bridge structure includes a plurality of half-bridge sub-modules connected in series, and the half-bridge sub-modules are unidirectional voltage bidirectional current sub-modules. The unidirectional voltage bidirectional current type sub-module can adopt the existing structure. The number of the half-bridge sub-modules is set correspondingly according to the needs.
In this embodiment, the half-bridge submodule includes a high-voltage dc capacitor C and two semiconductor switching devices S 1 And S is 2 Two diodes D 1 And D 2 Semiconductor switching device S 1 And diode D 1 Semiconductor switching device S 2 And diode D 2 Respectively connected in parallel and then connected in series, and connected in parallel with a high-voltage direct-current capacitor C, and a connection point near one end of the negative electrode is positioned in a semiconductor switching device S 2 And the connection point near one end of the positive electrode between the high-voltage direct-current capacitor C is positioned between the two semiconductor switching devices S 1 And S is 2 Between them. The connection points are connection points between adjacent sub-modules.
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the device series structure includes a plurality of device modules connected in series, and the device modules include semiconductor switching devices and diodes connected in parallel. The device module may take on existing structures. The number of the device modules is set correspondingly according to the needs.
In this embodiment, the DRU unit completes more than 90% of active power transmission, and the VSC unit completes reactive compensation function and remaining active power transmission; the interface unit has a voltage reduction function, the VSC unit is a medium-voltage VSC unit, and the direct-current port voltage of the VSC unit is 5kV-20kV. By parameter design of transformer transformation ratio, transformer reactance and the like of the alternating current side of the DRU, rated power of more than 90% can be transmitted by the DRU unit under the condition that alternating current port voltage and direct current port voltage are constant. The voltage of the DRU sections and the whole converter is the voltage of HVDC, and the HVDC voltage class for offshore wind power is currently mainly 320kV, ±400kV.
Taking a certain project as an example, the transmitting-end converter station adopts MMC, and the parameters of the MMC are shown in the following table.
Under the condition of ensuring that other parameters are unchanged, the MMC topology of the engineering offshore converter station is respectively changed into the conventional DRU-and MMC-parallel-based hybrid structure converter of fig. 1, and the novel hybrid structure converter provided by the embodiment, and the comparison results of the required device number and the capacitance number are shown in the following table. The number of single bridge arm sub-modules of the MMC is 400, and in the used sub-modules, the cost of a full-control power electronic device of each sub-module is 1, the current capacity is 1, the weight is 1, and the volume is 1; the cost of the diode is 0.2, the current capacity is 1, the weight is 1, and the volume is 1; the capacitance cost of each sub-module is 1.2, the current capacity is 1, the weight is 2, and the volume is 8.
The offshore wind power HVDC converter has the beneficial effects that: the device comprises a DRU unit, a VSC unit and an interface unit, wherein the interface unit comprises a cascading half-bridge structure, a device serial structure and an interface direct current inductor; the DRU unit transmits main body active power of the offshore wind power HVDC converter; the VSC unit realizes alternating-current side grid control of the offshore wind power HVDC converter, and balances the internal active power and the integral reactive power; the cascade half-bridge structure and the device series structure realize the supply of medium-voltage direct-current voltage to the VSC unit through coordination of control, and realize power transmission between different voltage levels; the interface direct current inductor ensures the current continuity of the interface unit and reduces current ripple; the novel hybrid structure is obtained through the unique design of the interface unit and the connection relation of the interface unit, the DRU unit and the VSC unit, the main current converting part is the DRU unit and the VSC unit, the use of power electronic devices and the use of a dispersion capacitor are obviously reduced, and the cost, the weight, the volume and the occupied area of the current converter are greatly reduced; the VSC control method is controlled by adopting a conventional double closed loop network, so that the engineering maturity is high, and the application resistance is small; the interface unit adopts chopper control, the control method is simple and efficient, and the operation reliability is high; the DRU unit is connected with the VSC unit in parallel, so that the common problems that the DRU and the MMC which are difficult to avoid in a series scheme have different current passing capacities, are difficult to match, and cannot provide an effective black start strategy of the converter are avoided. The DRU unit and the VSC unit adopt the existing structure.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, a control method of an offshore wind power HVDC converter, when the overall dc port voltage of the converter isU dc When being controlled by an external direct current power grid, the cascade half-bridge structure adopts a sequencing voltage equalizing method to ensure that the self voltage is equal toN SM U CSM By controlling each cycleTLatch-up duty cycle of internal device series configurationDThe step-down control of the direct current voltage of the VSC unit is realized.
Referring to fig. 4, in this embodiment, the interface unit employs chopper control. Specifically, in order to control the voltage of the direct current port of the VSC unit at the medium voltage (5 kV-20 kV) level, the interface circuit should be capable of realizing a step-down function. During steady state operation, the cascade half-bridge structure adopts a sequencing voltage equalizing method to ensure that the direct current voltage of the cascade half-bridge structure isN SM U CSM Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,N SM the number of sub-modules to be added at the same time for the cascade half-bridge structure (semiconductor switching devices S on top of the half-bridge sub-modules) 1 On, the semiconductor switching device S below 2 Locking to be in a conducting state; lower semiconductor switching device S of a half-bridge submodule 2 On, upper semiconductor switching device S 1 Latching in the bypass state),U CSM the average voltage value of the capacitor of the half-bridge sub-module in the cascaded half-bridge structure; when the device series structure is conducted, the VSC unit is short-circuited due to the direct-current port, and the interface direct-current inductorL dcVSC Will increase in current in (c); when the device series structure is locked, the direct current port of the VSC unit bears voltage as followsU dc -N SM U CSM Interface direct current inductanceL dcVSC Will decrease.
Interface DC inductor in one periodL dcVSC The current ripple in (a) should be balanced, i.e. the rise of the inductor current should be equal to the fall of the inductor current in each cycle, to ensure balance of the system energy, expressed as:
(1)
in the method, in the process of the invention,U dc the overall dc port voltage of the hybrid converter;U dcVSC a direct current port voltage for the VSC unit;L dcVSC the inductance value of the interface direct current inductor;Dfor each cycleTThe latch-up duty cycle of the internal device series structure.U CSM The voltage resistance of the switching device selected by the half-bridge structure is selected, and is usually designed to be 90% of the maximum voltage resistance allowed by the switching device, and the number of sub-modules to be input at the same time is the same as that of the cascaded half-bridge structureN SM =U dc /U CSM 。
From formula (1):
(2)。
therefore, when the integral direct current port voltage of the hybrid converter is controlled by an external direct current power grid, the cascade half-bridge structure adopts a sequencing voltage equalizing method to ensure that the self voltage is equal to the self voltageN SM U CSM It is possible to control each cycleTLatch-up duty cycle of internal device series configurationDThe step-down control of the direct current voltage of the VSC unit is realized.
Referring to fig. 5, after the interface unit implements buck control, the VSC unit employs a conventional methodV-fAnd (5) net construction double closed loop control.
The embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment, which comprises a processor and a storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the storage medium, and the control method of the offshore wind power HVDC converter is realized when the computer program is executed by the processor.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed, implements the control method of the offshore wind power HVDC converter.
While the invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described. Any modifications which do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An offshore wind power HVDC converter, characterized in that: the offshore wind power HVDC converter comprises:
a DRU unit;
a VSC unit;
the interface unit comprises a cascading half-bridge structure, a device serial structure and an interface direct current inductor;
the DRU unit and the alternating current side of the VSC unit are connected in parallel, the direct current side of the DRU unit and the direct current side of the VSC unit are connected through an interface unit, the positive electrode of the cascading half-bridge structure is connected to the positive electrode of the DRU unit, the interface direct current inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the VSC unit, the negative electrode of the cascading half-bridge structure and the positive electrode of the device serial structure, and the negative electrodes of the DRU unit and the VSC unit are connected to the negative electrode of the device serial structure.
2. An offshore wind power HVDC converter in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the cascade half-bridge structure comprises a plurality of half-bridge sub-modules which are connected in series, wherein each half-bridge sub-module is a unidirectional voltage bidirectional current type sub-module.
3. An offshore wind power HVDC converter in accordance with claim 2, wherein: the half-bridge submodule comprises a high-voltage direct-current capacitor C and two semiconductor switching devices S 1 And S is 2 Two diodes D 1 And D 2 Semiconductor switching device S 1 And diode D 1 Semiconductor switching device S 2 And diode D 2 Respectively connected in parallel and then connected in series, and connected in parallel with a high-voltage direct-current capacitor C, and a connection point near one end of the negative electrode is positioned in a semiconductor switching device S 2 And the connection point near one end of the positive electrode between the high-voltage direct-current capacitor C is positioned between the two semiconductor switching devices S 1 And S is 2 Between them.
4. An offshore wind power HVDC converter in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the device series structure comprises a plurality of device modules connected in series, wherein the device modules comprise semiconductor switching devices and diodes connected in parallel.
5. An offshore wind power HVDC converter in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the DRU unit completes more than 90% of active power transmission, and the VSC unit completes reactive compensation function and residual active power transmission; the interface unit has a voltage reduction function, the VSC unit is a medium-voltage VSC unit, and the direct-current port voltage of the VSC unit is 5kV-20kV.
6. A method of controlling an offshore wind power HVDC converter applied to an offshore wind power HVDC converter according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by: when the whole direct current port voltage of the converterU dc When being controlled by an external direct current power grid, the cascade half-bridge structure adopts a sequencing voltage equalizing method to ensure that the self voltage is equal toU dc By controlling each cycleTLatch-up duty cycle of internal device series configurationDThe step-down control of the direct current voltage of the VSC unit is realized.
7. A method of controlling an offshore wind power HVDC converter in accordance with claim 6, wherein: during steady state operation, the cascade half-bridge structure adopts a sequencing voltage equalizing method to ensure that the direct current voltage of the cascade half-bridge structure isN SM U CSM Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,N SM the number of sub-modules to be put into the cascade half-bridge structure at the same time,U CSM the average voltage value of the capacitor of the half-bridge sub-module in the cascaded half-bridge structure;
interface DC inductor in one periodL dcVSC The current ripple in (c) should be kept balanced, expressed as:
(1)
in the method, in the process of the invention,U dc the overall dc port voltage of the hybrid converter;U dcVSC a direct current port voltage for the VSC unit;L dcVSC the inductance value of the interface direct current inductor;Dfor each cycleTA latch duty cycle of the internal device series structure;
from formula (1):
(2)。
8. a method of controlling an offshore wind power HVDC converter in accordance with claim 6, wherein: the interface unit adopts chopper control; after the interface unit realizes the step-down control, the VSC unit adopts the conventional methodV-fAnd (5) net construction double closed loop control.
9. A computer device comprising a processor and a storage medium having a computer program stored therein, characterized in that: a method of controlling an offshore wind power HVDC converter according to any of claims 6 to 8 when executed by a processor.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized by: a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed, implements a method of controlling an offshore wind power HVDC converter according to any of claims 6 to 8.
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